USNA US Equity☆

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of USANA’s financial condition and results of operations is presented in nine sections:

•Overview

•Customers

•Presentation

•Non-GAAP Financial Measures

•Results of Operations

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

•Contractual Obligations and Commercial Contingencies

•Inflation

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion and analysis from management's perspective should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.

Overview

We develop and manufacture high quality, science-based nutritional and personal care and skincare products that are distributed internationally primarily through direct selling. We use this distribution method because we believe it is more conducive to meeting our vision as a company, which is to improve the overall health and nutrition of individuals and families around the world. Our customer base is primarily comprised of two types of customers: “Associates” and “Preferred Customers,” referred to together as “active Customers.” Our Associates also sell our products to retail customers. Associates share in our company vision by acting as independent distributors of our products in addition to purchasing our products for their personal use. In 2023, we launched our Affiliate program in the United States, Canada, and Mexico and are evaluating introducing the program in other markets. This program offers another sales and compensation opportunity to individuals who are interested in selling USANA products. Affiliates are discussed and reported in this report with Associates. Preferred Customers purchase our products strictly for personal use and are not permitted to resell or to distribute the products. We only count as active Customers those Associates and Preferred Customers who have purchased from us at any time during the most recent three-month period. As of December 30, 2023, we had approximately 483,000 active Customers worldwide.

Customers

Because we sell our products to a customer base of independent Associates and Preferred Customers, we increase our sales by increasing the number of our active Customers, the amount they spend on average, or both. Our primary focus continues to be increasing the number of active Customers. We believe this focus is consistent with our vision of improving the overall health and nutrition of individuals and families around the world. Sales to Associates account for approximately 52% of Direct-selling segment product sales during 2023, with the remainder of our sales being to Preferred Customers. Increases or decreases in product sales are typically the result of variations in the volume of product sold relating to fluctuations in the number of active Customers purchasing our products. The number of active Associates and

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Preferred Customers is therefore used by management as a key non-financial indicator to evaluate our operational performance.

The table below summarizes the change in our active Customer base by geographic region, rounded to the nearest thousand, as of the dates indicated.

Total Active Customers by Region Change fromPrior Year PercentChange

Asia Pacific:

Presentation

Product sales along with the shipping and handling fees billed to our customers are recorded as revenue net of applicable sales discounts when, or as control of, the promised product is transferred to the customer, which is at the time of delivery to the third party carrier for shipment. Payments received for unshipped products are recorded as deferred revenue and are included in the "Other current liabilities" line item in the consolidated balance sheet. Also reflected in net sales is a provision for a refund liability for sales returns, which is estimated based on our historical experience. Additionally, other types of revenue include fees, which are paid by the customer at the beginning of the service period, for access to online customer service applications and annual account renewal fees for Associates, for which control is transferred over time as services are delivered and are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective contracts.

Cost of sales primarily consists of expenses related to raw materials, labor, quality assurance, and overhead costs that are all directly associated with the production and distribution of our products and sales materials, as well as duties and taxes that are associated with the import and export of our products. As international sales increase as a percentage of net sales, cost of sales are increasingly affected by additional duties, freight, and other factors, such as changes in currency exchange rates.

Associate incentives expense includes all forms of commissions, and other incentives paid to our Associates. Incentives paid to Associates include bonuses earned, rewards from contests and promotions, and base commissions, which makes up the majority of our Associate incentives expense. We pay bonuses to Associates based on certain business-related criteria, total base commission earnings, and leadership level. Contests and promotions are offered as an incentive and reward to our Associates and are typically paid out only after an Associate achieves specific criteria. Base commissions are paid out on the sale of products. Associates earn their commissions based on sales volume points that are generated in their sales organization. Sales volume points are assigned to each commissionable product and comprise a certain percent of the product price. Items such as our starter kits and sales tools have no sales volume point value, and commissions are not paid on the sale of these items. Although insignificant to our financial statements, an Associate may earn commissions on sales volume points that are generated from personal purchases that are not considered part of their “Qualifying Sales.” To be eligible to earn commissions, an Associate must reach a certain level of Qualifying Sales each month, which may include product that they use personally or that they resell to consumers. Associates do not earn commissions on their Qualifying Sales. Commissions paid to Associates on personal purchases are considered a sales discount and are reported as a reduction to our net sales.

Selling, general and administrative expenses include wages and benefits, depreciation and amortization, lease costs and utilities, Associate event costs, advertising, professional fees, marketing, and research and development expenses. Wages and benefits represent the largest component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Significant depreciation and amortization expense is incurred as a result of investments in physical facilities, computer and information technology infrastructure to support our international operations.

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Sales to customers outside the United States are transacted in the respective local currencies and translated to U.S. dollars at weighted-average currency exchange rates for each monthly accounting period to which they relate. With the exception of China, our raw material purchases from suppliers and product purchases from third-party manufacturers are transacted in U.S. dollars. Consequently, our net sales and earnings are affected by changes in currency exchange rates. In general, our operating results are affected positively by a weakening U.S. dollar and negatively by a strengthening U.S. dollar. In our net sales discussions that follow, we approximate the impact of currency fluctuations on net sales by translating current year net sales at the average exchange rates in effect during the comparable prior-year periods.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We believe that presentation of certain non-GAAP financial information is meaningful and useful in understanding the activities and business metrics of our operations. Management believes these measures reflect an additional way of viewing aspects of our business that, when viewed with our U.S. GAAP results, provide a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business. This non-GAAP financial information may be determined or calculated differently by other companies, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes. We provide such non-GAAP financial information for informational purposes only. Readers should consider the information in addition but not instead of or superior to, our Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, accompanying this report.

In analyzing business trends and performance, management uses “constant currency” net sales, “local currency” net sales, and other currency-related financial information terms to discuss our financial results in a way we believe is helpful in understanding the impact of fluctuations in foreign-currency exchange rates and facilitating period-to-period comparisons of results of operations and providing investors an additional perspective on trends and underlying business results. Changes in our reported revenue and profits in this report include the impacts of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. As additional information to the reader, we provide constant currency assessments in the tables and the narrative information in this MD&A to remove or quantify the impact of the fluctuation in foreign exchange rates and utilize constant currency results in our analysis of performance. Our constant currency financial results are calculated by translating the current period’s financial results at the same average exchange rates in effect during the applicable prior-year period and then comparing this amount to the prior-year period’s financial results.

Results of Operations

Summary of 2023 Financial Results

Our discussion and analysis is focused on our 2023 and 2022 financial results, including comparisons of our year-over-year performance between these years. Discussion and analysis of our 2021 fiscal year specifically, as well as the year-over-year comparison of our 2022 financial performance to 2021, are located in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023, which is available on our investor relations website at https://ir.usana.com or the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. That information is incorporated by reference into this report.

Net sales in 2023 decreased 7.8%, or $77.6 million, to $921.0 million, compared with 2022. The decrease in net sales was primarily the result of a challenging economic environment in many of our key markets, which had varying degrees of impact on attracting new customers as well as consumer purchasing behavior of our products throughout the year. In some markets, we recognized our consumers were faced with an increasingly challenging economic environment. Consequently, we experienced a decline in active Customers of 1.4% compared to the prior year. Additionally, unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates decreased net sales for the year by an estimated $27.8 million.

Net earnings decreased 8.0% to $63.8 million in 2023, when compared with 2022. The decrease in net earnings was primarily the result of decreased sales and higher relative operating expenses.

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Fiscal Year 2023 compared to Fiscal Year 2022

Net Sales

The following table summarizes the changes in our net sales by geographic region for the fiscal years ended December 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

Twelve Months Ended

Asia Pacific

Asia Pacific: The decrease in constant currency net sales in Greater China was primarily the result of a sales decline in China and Taiwan where local currency net sales decreased 0.6% and 3.9%, respectively. There were local currency declines in all markets in the Southeast Asia Pacific sub-region, most notable in the Philippines and Australia, which had local currency net sales declines of 25.7% and 8.4%, respectively. The decrease in constant currency net sales in North Asia was most notable in South Korea, which had a local currency net sales decline of 5.6%.

Americas and Europe: There were local currency sales declines in all markets in this region. The decrease in constant currency net sales is largely the result of sales declines in the United States and Canada, which had local currency net sales declines of 12.1%, and 7.2%, respectively

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased 20 basis points to 80.8% of net sales, up from 80.6% in 2022. The increase in gross profit margin can be attributed to decreased inventory valuation adjustments, and the impact of modest price increases that occurred throughout the year. These increases were partially offset by higher material costs, unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, and loss of leverage on lower sales.

Associate Incentives

Associate incentives decreased 70 basis points to 42.8% of net sales in 2023, compared with 43.5% in the prior year. The relative decrease can primarily be attributed to decreased spend on promotional and program incentives, as well as modest price increases that occurred throughout the year.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 160 basis points relative to net sales and decreased $5.3 million in absolute terms. The relative increase can be attributed to leverage lost on lower net sales. The decreased expense in absolute terms can be primarily attributed to a decrease in variable operating expenses as well as the capitalization of expenses associated with our digital commerce initiatives.

Income Taxes

Income taxes increased to 37.7% of pre-tax earnings in 2023, up from 36.2% of pre-tax earnings in 2022. The effective tax rate increase is due primarily to a change in the market mix of pre-tax book income.

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Diluted Earnings Per Share

Diluted EPS decreased to $3.30 in 2023 from $3.59 in 2022. This decrease can be attributed to lower net earnings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically met our working capital and capital expenditure requirements by using net cash flow from operations and by drawing on our line of credit. Our principal source of liquidity is our operating cash flow. Although we are required to maintain cash deposits with banks in certain of our markets, there are currently no material restrictions on our ability to transfer and remit funds among our international markets. In China, however, our compliance with Chinese accounting and tax regulations promulgated by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) results in transfer and remittance of our profits and dividends from China to the United States on a delayed basis. If SAFE or other Chinese regulators introduce new regulations or change existing regulations which allow foreign investors to remit profits and dividends earned in China to other countries, our ability to remit profits or pay dividends from China to the United States may be limited in the future.

We believe our current liquidity is adequate to meet our cash requirements and sustain our operations through cash flow from operations. Maintaining a capital structure that emphasizes sufficient liquidity and adaptability in the prevailing economic climate is our top priority. We actively assess potential acquisition opportunities and investments in complementary ventures. While we continuously aim to preserve ample liquidity and ensure business continuity amid uncertainties, we also explore initiatives such as stock repurchases. These strategic decisions have the potential to impact our liquidity, enabling us to navigate these challenging times effectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents increased to $330.4 million at December 30, 2023, from $288.4 million at December 31, 2022. Cash flow provided by operating activities was $70.6 million partially offset by cash used in financing activities of $14.2 million, and cash used in investing activities of $12.0 million. Additionally, unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, have impacted cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash by an estimated $2.5 million.

The following table below presents concentrations of cash and cash equivalents by market for the periods indicated:

Cash and cash equivalents(in Millions)

All other markets $ 49.5 $ 44.5

Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 330.4 $ 288.4

Cash Flows Provided by Operations and Significant Uses of Cash

As discussed above, our principal source of liquidity comes from cash flows from operations. Net cash flow provided by operating activities totaled $70.6 million in 2023. Net earnings combined with adjustments of non-cash items contributed positively to our net cash flow provided by operating activities, partially offset by changes in working capital.

Other significant uses of cash included an investment of $14.5 million to purchase property and equipment primarily related to our digital commerce initiatives and our India operations. Additionally, cash used to repurchase and retire shares totaled $11.6 million for 2023.

Net cash flow provided by operating activities totaled $103.9 million in 2022. Net earnings combined with adjustments of non-cash items contributed positively to our net cash flow provided by operating activities, partially offset by cash used to payout the annual employee bonus, reduce accruals related to inventories, and a reduction in trade payables. Additionally, cash used to repurchase and retire shares was $25.4 million for 2022.

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Line of Credit

Information with respect to our line of credit may be found in Note J to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference.

Share Repurchase

Information with respect to our share repurchases may be found in Note N to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

Summary

We believe our current cash balances, future cash provided by operations, and amounts available under our line of credit will be sufficient to cover our operating and capital needs in the ordinary course of business for the foreseeable future. If we experience an adverse operating environment or unanticipated and unusual capital expenditure requirements, additional financing may be required. No assurance can be given, however, that additional financing, if required, would be available to us at all or on favorable terms. We might also require or seek additional financing for the purpose of expanding into new markets, growing our existing markets, mergers and acquisitions, or for other reasons. Such financing may include the use of debt or the sale of additional equity securities. Any financing which involves the sale of equity securities or instruments that are convertible into equity securities could result in immediate and possibly significant dilution to our existing shareholders.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Contingencies

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 30, 2023, and the effect such obligations and commitments are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods:

Payments Due By Period(in thousands)

“Operating Leases” generally provide that property taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses are our responsibility. Such expenses are not included in the operating lease amounts in the table above. Information with respect to our Operating Leases may be found in Note G to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference.

“Other Commitments” generally include consulting- and IT-related services, investments in brand awareness through corporate and athlete sponsorships, facility maintenance, services related to the events that we hold for our Associates both locally and internationally, and local lines of credit. Additionally, throughout the year we will enter into various short-term contracts, mostly for services related to events that we hold for our Associates. Information with respect to our Unconditional Purchase Obligations may be found in Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference.

Inflation

Like many other global companies, we are facing significant inflationary pressures in the world economy. Inflationary pressures are growing as we renew pricing arrangements, notably for certain direct materials, wages, energy, and transportation costs. These inflationary pressures, including margin pressure from inflation as well as the cost of capital could continue to grow in 2024.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Our significant accounting policies are described in the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Those estimates and assumptions are derived and are continually evaluated based on our historical experiences, current facts and circumstances, and on changes in the business environment. Actual results, however, may sometimes differ materially from estimates under different conditions. Critical accounting estimates are defined as both those that are material to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and those that require management’s most subjective judgments. We believe that our most critical accounting policies and estimates are described in this section.

Revenue Recognition. Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of a promised product or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five-step process:

1)identification of the contract with a customer;

2)identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

3)determination of the transaction price;

4)allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

5)recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

A majority of our sales are for products sold at a point in time and shipped to customers, for which control is transferred to the customer as goods are delivered to the third-party carrier for shipment. We receive payment, primarily via credit card, for the sale of products at the time customers place orders and payment is required prior to shipment. Our product sales contracts include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price for items such as discounts, credits, or sales returns. Accordingly, the transaction price for product sales includes estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. At the time of sale, we estimate a refund liability for the variable consideration based on historical experience.

Initial product orders with a new customer may include multiple performance obligations related to sales discounts earned under our initial order reward program. Under this program, the customer receives an option to apply the discounts earned on the initial order to two subsequent Auto Orders, which conveys a material right to the customer. As such, the initial order transaction price is allocated to each separate performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price and recognized as revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.

Associate incentives represent consideration paid and include all forms of commissions, and other incentives paid to our Associates. With the exception of commissions paid to Associates on personal purchases, which are considered a sales discount and are reported as a reduction to net sales, the incentives are paid for distinct services related to our product sales and are recorded as an expense when revenue for the goods is recognized.

Shipping and handling activities are performed upon delivery to the third-party carrier for shipment. We account for these activities as fulfillment costs. Therefore, we recognize the costs of these activities when revenue for the goods is recognized. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales for all periods presented.

Contract liabilities relate to deferred revenue for product sales for customer payments received in advance of shipment, for outstanding material rights under the initial order program, and for services where the performance obligations are satisfied over time as services are delivered. Contract liabilities are recorded as deferred revenue within the “Other current liabilities” line item in the consolidated balance sheet. Deferred revenue is recognized when or as the related performance obligation is satisfied. On the occasion that will-call orders are not picked up by customers, we periodically assess the likelihood that customers will exercise their contractual right to pick up orders and recognize revenue when the likelihood that customers will pick up orders becomes remote.

Inventory Valuation. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard costing system, which approximates the first-in, first-out method. The components of inventory cost include raw materials, labor, and overhead. Net realizable value is determined using various assumptions with regard to excess or slow-moving inventories, non-conforming inventories, expiration dates, current and future product demand, production planning, and market conditions. The forecasted future product demand for excess or slow-moving inventories is based on judgment

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and available information. A change in any valuation assumptions could result in an adjustment to inventory. However, the reported carrying value of inventory is not highly sensitive to reasonable changes in individual assumptions.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our earnings, cash flows, and financial position are affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates, and other uncertainties that are inherent in doing business and selling product in more than one currency. In addition, our operations are exposed to risks that are associated with changes in social, political, and economic conditions in our international operations. This includes changes in the laws and policies that govern investment in international countries where we have operations, as well as, to a lesser extent, changes in U.S. laws and regulations relating to international trade and investment.

Foreign Currency Risks. Because a significant portion of our sales are generated outside the United States, currency exchange rate fluctuations may have a significant effect on our sales and earnings. The local currency of each international subsidiary is considered the functional currency, with all revenue and expenses being translated at weighted-average currency exchange rates for the applicable periods. In general, our reported sales and gross profit are affected positively by a weakening of the U.S. dollar and negatively by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar because we manufacture the majority of our products in the United States and sell them to our international subsidiaries in their respective functional currencies. Currency fluctuations, however, have the opposite effect on our Associate incentives and selling, general and administrative expenses. We are unable to reasonably estimate the effect that currency fluctuations may have on our future business, results of operations, or financial condition. This is due to the uncertainty in, and the varying degrees and type of exposure that we face from, fluctuation of various currencies.

Currently our strategy for reducing our exposure to currency fluctuation includes the timely and efficient repatriation of earnings from international markets, and settlement of intercompany transactions. Additionally, we may enter into short-term foreign currency credit arrangements in our international markets, primarily as a way to reduce our exposure to negative effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We also enter into currency exchange contracts to offset foreign currency exposure in various international markets. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. There can be no assurance that our practices will be successful in eliminating all or substantially all of the risks that we may encounter in connection with our currency transactions.

Interest Rate Risks. As of December 30, 2023, we had an immaterial amount of outstanding debt on a local line of credit and no outstanding debt on our credit facility. Based on this limited activity our exposure to interest rate risk is immaterial. It may become necessary to borrow in the future in order to meet our financing needs. In the event that it becomes necessary to borrow, there can be no assurance that we will be able to borrow, or at favorable rates.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Financial Statements and Supplementary Data required by this Item are set forth at the pages indicated at Part IV, Item 15, below.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information that is required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods that are specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding any required disclosure. In designing and evaluating these disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as a result of

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material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as described below, the disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 30, 2023.

Nevertheless, based on the performance of additional procedures by management designed to ensure reliability of financial reporting, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, notwithstanding the material weaknesses described below, the consolidated financial statements, included in this Form 10-K, fairly present, in all material respects, the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as of the dates, and for the periods, presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP).

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by the Company's Board of Directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:

•Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

•Provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of any unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Internal control over financial reporting has inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, under the oversight of our Board of Directors, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria that have been set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, using those criteria, management concluded that, as of December 30, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to the following control deficiencies:

The Company did not have a sufficient complement of trained resources with specialized skills and knowledge in information technology general controls (ITGCs), or an alternative contingency plan, to timely respond to the impacts of turnover in key personnel with responsibility for ITGCs that occurred during 2023. As a result, the Company did not maintain effective ITGCs in the areas of user access, program change management, and computer operations over the information technology (IT) systems that support the Company’s financial reporting processes. Process-level automated controls that are dependent on the affected ITGCs and manual controls that rely on the integrity of data or reports from the affected systems across substantially all the Company’s processes were also deemed ineffective because they could have been adversely impacted.

The control deficiencies did not result in any identified misstatements to the consolidated financial statements, and there were no changes to previously released financial results. However, these control deficiencies create a reasonable

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possibility that a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis and, therefore, we concluded that the deficiencies represent material weaknesses in the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, who audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K issued an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included at the end of Part II, Item 9A of this form 10-K.

Remediation Efforts to Address Material Weaknesses

Management is implementing and will continue to implement measures designed to ensure that the control deficiencies contributing to the material weaknesses are remediated, such that the relevant controls are designed, implemented, and operating effectively. The remediation actions include:

•Enhancing our IT organization that is responsible for the development, monitoring, and testing of the ITGCs to ensure sufficiency of resources with the appropriate knowledge, experience, and training; and

•Developing a training program addressing ITGCs and related policies, to educate control owners on the principles and requirements of internal control activities, including maintaining adequate evidence of the controls’ operation and ensuring timely and consistent performance of the controls as designed.

We believe that these actions will remediate the material weaknesses, however, as we continue to evaluate and enhance our internal control over financial reporting, we may determine that additional measures to address the material weaknesses or adjustments to the remediation plan may be required. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed prior to the end of fiscal year 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than with respect to identification of the material weaknesses described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 30, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

USANA Health Sciences, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited USANA Health Sciences, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weaknesses, described below, on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 30, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II - valuation and qualifying accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 27, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses have been identified and included in management’s assessment: The Company did not have a sufficient complement of trained resources with specialized skills and knowledge in information technology general controls (ITGCs), or an alternative contingency plan, to timely respond to the impacts of turnover in key personnel with responsibility for ITGCs that occurred during 2023. As a result, the Company did not maintain effective ITGCs in the areas of user access, program change management, and computer operations over the information technology (IT) systems that support the Company’s financial reporting processes. Process-level automated controls that are dependent on the affected ITGCs and manual controls that rely on the integrity of data or reports from the affected systems across substantially all the Company’s processes were also deemed ineffective because they could have been adversely impacted. The material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2023 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the

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transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Salt Lake City, Utah

February 27, 2024

Item 9B. Other Information

During the fiscal quarter ended December 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption, modification or termination of a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408

Item 9C. Disclosure regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

PART III

Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14

Information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC, pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than 120 days after the end of the 2023 fiscal year, all of which information is hereby incorporated by reference in, and made part of, this Form 10-K, except disclosure of certain information related to our executive officers, which is included in Part I, Item 1 of this report under the heading "Information About Our Executive Officers and Directors."

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a)The following documents are filed as part of this report:

1.Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-1

Consolidated Balance Sheets F-3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income F-4

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-6

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements F-8

2.Financial Statement Schedules.

For the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and January 1, 2022

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

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3.Exhibits.

The exhibits identified below are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K). We have identified below each management contract and compensation plan filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report in response to Item 15(a)(3) of Form 10-K.

ExhibitNumber Description

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21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant, as of February 24, 2024 (filed herewith).

97 USANA Health Sciences, Inc. Clawback Policy (filed herewith).

101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

______________________________

*Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

USANA Health Sciences, Inc.

By: /s/ Jim H. Brown

Jim H. BrownChief Executive Officer and President

Date: February 27, 2024

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature Title Date

/s/ Jim H. Brown Chief Executive Officer and President February 27, 2024

Jim H. Brown (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ G. Douglas Hekking Chief Financial Officer February 27, 2024

G. Douglas Hekking (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ Kevin G. Guest Executive Chairman of the Board February 27, 2024

Kevin G. Guest

/s/ Gilbert A. Fuller Director February 27, 2024

Gilbert A. Fuller

/s/ John T. Fleming Director February 27, 2024

John T. Fleming

/s/ J. Scott Nixon Director February 27, 2024

J. Scott Nixon

/s/ Frederic J. Winssinger Director February 27, 2024

Frederic J. Winssinger

/s/ Xia Ding Director February 27, 2024

Xia Ding

/s/ Timothy E. Wood Director February 27, 2024

Timothy E. Wood

/s/ Peggie Pelosi Director February 27, 2024

Peggie Pelosi

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

USANA Health Sciences, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of USANA Health Sciences, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 30, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II - valuation and qualifying accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 30, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 27, 2024 expressed an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Assessment of lower of cost or net realizable value of certain inventories

As discussed in Notes A and C to the consolidated financial statements, inventories of $61,454,000 in current assets and noncurrent inventories of $3,128,000 in other assets as of December 30, 2023 are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company performs analyses to identify and estimate the net realizable value of excess or slow-moving inventories, which includes the evaluation of inventory that does not conform to product specifications, expiration dates, current and future product demand, production planning and market conditions. The Company manufactures inventories in the United States for all global markets, excluding China.

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We identified the assessment of lower of cost or net realizable value of inventories, excluding inventories manufactured and held in China, as a critical audit matter. The forecasted future product demand for excess or slow-moving inventories is difficult to assess and results in the application of greater auditor judgment.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter. We evaluated the design of certain internal controls over the Company’s inventory valuation process, including controls related to the assessment of the lower of cost or net realizable value and the determination of the forecasted future product demand. We performed a retrospective review to assess the Company’s ability to accurately forecast. We evaluated the Company’s determination of lower of cost or net realizable value of excess or slow-moving inventories utilizing current year sales by product and comparing it to product inventory on hand as of December 30, 2023. We also analyzed a sample of inventory items to evaluate the forecasted future product demand by comparison of that forecast to historical demand and any known changes that would impact future demand.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Salt Lake City, Utah

February 27, 2024

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except par value)

ASSETS

Current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 25,872 28,873

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilities

Line of credit - short term 786 —

Stockholders' equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (13,695) (12,787)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)

Fiscal Year

Operating expenses:

Other income (expense):

Earnings per common share

Weighted average common shares outstanding

Comprehensive income:

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (908) (13,245) 4,083

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

Shares Value

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 4,083 4,083

Common stock issued under equity award plans 199 — —

Tax withholding for net-share settled equity awards (3,575) (3,575)

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (13,245) (13,245)

Common stock issued under equity award plans 101 — —

Tax withholding for net-share settled equity awards (4,706) (4,706)

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (908) (908)

Common stock issued under equity award plans 104 — —

Tax withholding for net-share settled equity awards (3,092) (3,092)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

Year Ended

Cash flows from operating activities

(Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment 10 141 61

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:

Cash flows from investing activities

Receipts on notes receivable — — 116

Proceeds from the settlement of net investment hedges 3,775 4,555 —

Payments for net investment hedge (1,271) — (1,555)

Payments to acquire businesses — (6,532) —

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 15 7 15

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (11,975) (12,370) (14,187)

Cash flows from financing activities

Payments on line of credit (750) (11,000) —

Payments for contingent consideration (338) — —

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - CONTINUED

(in thousands)

Year Ended

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information

Cash paid during the period for:

Cash received during the period for:

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations 5,699 5,641 5,322

Accrued purchases of property and equipment 117 679 383

Contingent consideration given to acquire businesses — 886 —

Accrued excise tax for repurchase of common stock 54 — —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company

USANA Health Sciences, Inc. is a global direct-selling, personal health and wellness company that develops and manufactures high quality, science-based nutritional and personal care products.

The Consolidated Financial Statements (the “Financial Statements”) include the accounts and operations of the Company, which are grouped and presented in two geographic regions: (1) Asia Pacific and (2) Americas and Europe. Asia Pacific is further divided into three sub-regions: (i) Greater China, (ii) Southeast Asia Pacific, and (iii) North Asia.

Asia Pacific

(1)Asia Pacific is organized into three sub-regions: Greater China, Southeast Asia Pacific, and North Asia. Markets included in each of these sub-regions are as follows:

(i)Greater China - Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China. Our business in China is conducted by BabyCare

(ii)Southeast Asia Pacific – Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and India(1)

(iii)North Asia – Japan and South Korea

Americas and Europe

(2)Americas and Europe – United States, Canada, Mexico, Colombia, and Europe (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Romania, Belgium, and the Netherlands)

(1) We commenced operations in this market near the end of the fourth quarter of 2023.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts and operations of the Company. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications relate to the disaggregation of inventory write-downs from changes in inventories within operating activities of the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates maybe adjusted as more current information becomes available, and any adjustment could be significant.

Fiscal Year

The Company operates on a 52/53-week year, ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. Fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 were 52-week years. Fiscal year 2023 covered the period January 1, 2023 to December 30, 2023 (hereinafter 2023). Fiscal year 2022 covered the period January 2, 2022 to December 31, 2022 (hereinafter 2022). Fiscal year 2021 covered the period January 3, 2021 to January 1, 2022 (hereinafter 2021).

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED

Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures at fair value certain of its financial and non-financial assets and liabilities by using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, essentially an exit price, based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

•Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

•Level 2 inputs are from other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 inputs are unobservable and are used to measure fair value in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the following financial assets and liabilities were measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the type of inputs shown:

December 30,2023 Fair Value Measurements Using

Inputs

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Money market funds included in cash equivalents $ 258,319 $ 258,319 $ — $ —

Foreign currency contracts included in other current liabilities (62) — (62) —

Deferred compensation liabilities (3,137) — (3,137) —

December 31,2022 Fair Value Measurements Using

Inputs

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Money market funds included in cash equivalents $ 211,539 $ 211,539 $ — $ —

Deferred compensation liabilities (1,632) — (1,632) —

There were no transfers of financial assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy for the periods indicated.

The majority of the Company’s non-financial assets, which include long-lived assets, are not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis. However, if an impairment charge is required, a non-financial asset would be written down to fair value. As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents and restricted cash. The recorded values of cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate their fair values, based on their short-term nature.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED

Translation of Foreign Currencies

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency of their country of domicile. Assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollar amounts at month-end exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at the weighted-average rates for the monthly accounting period to which they relate. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Foreign currency translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of other comprehensive income. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the “Other, net” component of Other income (expense) in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Business Combinations

The Company allocates the purchase price consideration of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the acquisition date fair values. Additionally, the Company records goodwill for the excess of the total consideration given for the acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquired business. Transaction costs attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted primarily of money market fund investments and amounts receivable from credit card processors.

Amounts receivable from credit card processors and other forms of electronic payment are considered cash equivalents because they are both short-term and highly liquid in nature and are typically converted to cash within three days of the sales transaction. Amounts receivable from credit card processors as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $9,379 and $8,904, respectively.

Restricted Cash

The Company is required to maintain cash deposits with banks in certain subsidiary locations for various operating purposes. The most significant of these cash deposits relates to a deposit held at a bank in China, the balance of which was $2,826 as of December 30, 2023, and $2,900 as of December 31, 2022. This deposit is required for the application of direct selling licenses by the Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration of Market Regulation (“SAMR”) of the People’s Republic of China, and will continue to be restricted during the periods while the Company holds these licenses.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard costing system, which approximates the first-in, first-out method. The components of inventory cost include raw materials, labor, and overhead. Net realizable value is determined using various assumptions with regard to excess or slow-moving inventories, non-conforming inventories, expiration dates, current and future product demand, production planning, and market conditions. A change in any of these variables could result in an adjustment to inventory.

Noncurrent inventories are inventories not expected to be sold within the normal operating cycle. The Company has defined the operating cycle as 52-weeks. Noncurrent inventories are classified in the "Other assets" line item in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Noncurrent inventories are anticipated to be consumed beyond our normal operating cycle, but prior to obsolescence.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for expected credit losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and our customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. The Company reviews its allowance for credit losses regularly. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Accounts receivable is included in the “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” line item in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of the differences between the financial statement assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax law is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The Company evaluates the probability of realizing the future benefits of its deferred tax assets and provides a valuation allowance for the portion of any deferred tax assets where the likelihood of realizing an income tax benefit in the future does not meet the “more-likely-than-not” criteria for recognition. The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the Financial Statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income taxes.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Maintenance, repairs, and renewals, which neither materially add to the value of the property nor appreciably prolong its life, are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is provided in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The straight-line method of depreciation and amortization is followed for financial statement purposes. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the respective lease or the useful life of the improvements. Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period.

The Company capitalizes certain internal-use software development costs, consisting primarily of employee salaries and contractor costs, during the application development stage. Costs incurred for upgrades and enhancements that are expected to result in additional functionalities are also capitalized. These development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of three to five years, and are reflected as part of Property and equipment, net on our consolidated balance sheets.

Leases

With the exception of the Company’s headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, and its facilities in New South Wales, Australia, and in Beijing and Tianjin, China, the Company leases its facilities. Each of the facility lease agreements is a non-cancelable operating lease generally structured with renewal options and expires prior to or during 2027. In connection with the production facilities in Beijing and Tianjin, China, the Company has prepaid land use rights, which represents a lease with the associated prepayment recorded as a Right-of-Use (“ROU”) asset. The Company also utilizes equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, expiring through 2026.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED

At contract inception, the Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease and whether the lease should be classified as an operating or a financing lease. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control is determined based on the right to obtain all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and the right to direct the use of the identified asset. ROU assets for operating leases represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments.

Lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the unpaid lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date for leases exceeding 12 months. Unpaid lease payments include only the fixed lease component of the agreement, as well as any variable rate payments that depend on an index, initially measured using the index at the lease commencement date. Non-lease components are accounted for separately from the fixed lease component for all leases. Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate that can readily be determined. Therefore, the applied discount rate is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, which is determined using its credit rating and other information available as of the commencement date and is the rate of interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. Lease terms may include options to renew, which the Company factors into the determination of the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The ROU asset is measured at the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received.

Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in “Cost of sales” and “Selling, general and administrative” line items in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company monitors for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of its leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the ROU asset to an amount less than zero, in which case the remaining adjustment would be recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of identifiable net assets of acquired companies. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested at the reporting unit level at least annually for impairment or more frequently if triggering events or changes in circumstances indicate impairment. Initially, qualitative factors are considered to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Some of these qualitative factors may include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, a change in financial performance, entity-specific events, a sustained decrease in share price, and consideration of the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of a reporting unit as determined in the most recent quantitative assessment. If, through this qualitative assessment, the conclusion is made that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment analysis is performed. This analysis involves estimating the fair value of a reporting unit using widely accepted valuation methodologies including the income and market approaches, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates, discount rates, and determination of appropriate market comparables. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the reporting unit, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill. During 2023, 2022, and 2021, no impairment of goodwill was recorded.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets represent amortized and indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily acquired in connection with business combinations. Amortized intangible assets are amortized over their related useful lives, using a straight-line or accelerated method consistent with the underlying expected future cash flows related to the specific intangible asset. Amortized intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When indicators of impairment exist, an estimate of undiscounted net cash flows is used in measuring whether the carrying amount of the asset or related asset group is recoverable.

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USANA HEALTH SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED

Measurement of the amount of impairment, if any, is based upon the difference between the asset or asset group’s carrying value and fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including market and income approaches as considered necessary.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized; however, they are tested at least annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances exist that may indicate impairment. Initially, qualitative factors are considered to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If, through this qualitative assessment, the conclusion is made that it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment analysis is performed by comparing the indefinite-lived intangible asset’s carrying amount to its fair value. The fair value for indefinite-lived intangible assets is determined through various valuation techniques, including market and income approaches as considered necessary. The amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the impaired asset. During 2023, 2022, and 2021, no impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets was recorded.

Investment in Equity Securities

Equity securities (“securities”) without readily determinable fair value that are not eligible to be measured in accordance with the net asset value practical expedient qualify for an election to initially estimate fair value using the measurement alternative at its cost. During 2020, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration and made a minority investment in a privately held company, which totaled $20,000 and is included in the “Other assets” line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company, at the time of the investment, elected to apply the measurement alternative, which may be applied to an equity interest on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Dividends received are reported in earnings.

The value of the securities are remeasured to fair value if the securities are impaired or if observable price changes occur. These events are continually monitored and assessed at each reporting period. If a readily determinable fair value becomes available for the securities or observable price changes for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer occur, the securities are remeasured at fair value as of the date the observable change occurred. Any resulting gains or losses on the securities for which the observable price changes occur will be recorded in net earnings. During 2023, the Company evaluated an observable price change related to equity securities without readily determinable fair values. No adjustment to the carrying value of the securities was necessary based on the observable price change. During 2022, no such observable price changes occurred.

At each reporting period a qualitative assessment is made to consider impairment indicators to determine whether the securities are impaired. Impairment indicators may include but are not limited to earnings performance, business prospects by the investee, cash flows from operations, working capital, and noncompliance with debt covenants. If this qualitative assessment indicates impairment, fair value is determined and an impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value of the investment and its carrying amount is recognized in net income. During 2023, 2022, and 2021, no impairment of securities was recorded.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

In 2021, the Company created a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for a select group of management and highly compensated individuals. The plan permits the deferral of up to 50% of a participant's base salary and/or 80% of a participant's annual incentive bonus. The deferrals are held in an irrevocable rabbi trust (the "Rabbi Trust"), which has been established to administer the plan. The Rabbi Trust is intended to be used as a source of funds to match respective funding obligations to participants. The assets of the trust are subject to the claims of the Company's creditors in the event that the Company becomes insolvent. Consequently, the Rabbi Trust qualifies as a grantor trust for income tax purposes. The Company makes periodic payments into company-owned life insurance policies held in this Rabbi trust to fund the expected obligations arising under this plan. There are no contractual restrictions on the Company's ability to surrender a policy. The assets and liabilities of the plan are included in "Other assets" and "Other long-term liabilities" respectively in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the deferred compensation balances are recorded to compensation expense and reflected within the "Selling, general and administrative" line in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. As

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NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED

of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the trustee held total assets of $2,962 and $1,622, and deferred compensation liabilities of $3,137, and, $1,632, respectively.

Self-Insurance

The Company is self-insured, up to certain limits, for employee group health claims. The Company has purchased stop-loss insurance for the United States markets on both an individual and an aggregate basis, which will reimburse the Company for individual claims in excess of $175 and aggregate claims that are greater than $13,292. A liability is accrued for all unpaid claims. Total self-insurance expense was $14,501, $13,413, and $12,349 in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company’s risk management strategy includes the select use of derivative instruments to reduce the effects of volatility in foreign currency exchange exposure on operating results and cash flows. In accordance with the Company’s risk management policies, the Company does not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at their respective fair values. When the Company becomes a party to a derivative instrument and intends to apply hedge accounting, the Company formally documents the hedge relationship and the risk management objective for undertaking the hedge, the nature of risk being hedged, and the hedged transaction, which includes designating the instrument for financial reporting purposes as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge. The Company also documents how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively, and a description of the method used to measure ineffectiveness.

The Company periodically uses derivative instruments to hedge the foreign currency exposure of its net investment in foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars. Initially, the Company records derivative assets on a gross basis in its consolidated balance sheets. Subsequently the fair value of derivatives is measured for each reporting period. The effective portion of gains and losses attributable to these net investment hedges is recorded to foreign currency translation adjustment (“FCTA”) within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) to offset the change in the carrying value of the net investment being hedged, and will subsequently be reclassified to net earnings in the period in which the hedged investment is either sold or substantially liquidated.

During 2023 and 2021, the Company entered into and settled a European option with notional amounts of $81,343 and $98,684, respectively. During 2022 the Company entered into and settled a forward contract with a notional amount of $98,930. Both the forward contract and the European options were designated as net investment hedges. The Company realized gains of $2,504 and $4,555 in 2023 and 2022, respectively, and realized a loss of $1,555 in 2021. These gains and loss were recorded to FCTA within AOCI. The Company assessed hedge effectiveness under the forward rate method, determining the hedging instruments were highly effective. As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no derivatives outstanding for which the Company has applied hedge accounting.

Subsequent to December 30, 2023, on January 25, 2024 the Company entered into an option contract designated as a net investment hedge with a notional amount of $77,345.

Common Stock Share Repurchases

The Company has a stock repurchase plan in place that has been authorized by the Board of Directors. As of December 30, 2023, $71,186, inclusive of accrued excise tax, is available to repurchase shares under this plan. The excess of the repurchase price over par value is allocated between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings on a pro-rata basis. There currently is no expiration date on the remaining approved repurchase amount and no requirement for future share repurchases.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of a promised product or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. Revenue excludes taxes that have been assessed by governmental authorities and that are directly imposed on

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revenue-producing transactions between the Company and its customers, including sales, use, value-added, and some excise taxes. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five-step process:

1)identification of the contract with a customer;

2)identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

3)determination of the transaction price;

4)allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

5)recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

Product Revenue

A majority of the Company’s sales are for products sold at a point in time and shipped to customers, for which control is transferred to the customer as goods are delivered to the third party carrier for shipment. The Company receives payment, primarily via credit card, for the sale of products at the time customers place orders and payment is required prior to shipment. The Company does not recognize assets associated with costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer.

The Company’s product sales contracts include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price for items such as discounts, product promotions, credits, or sales returns, which are a reduction of revenue. Accordingly, the transaction price for product sales includes estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. At the time of sale, the Company estimates a refund liability for the variable consideration based on historical experience, which is recorded within the “Other current liabilities” line item in the consolidated balance sheets.

Initial product orders with a new customer may include multiple performance obligations related to sales discounts earned under the Company’s initial order reward program. Under this program, the customer receives an option to apply the discounts earned on the initial order to two subsequent Auto Orders, which conveys a material right to the customer. As such, the initial order transaction price is allocated to each separate performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price and is recognized as revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.

Associate incentives represent consideration paid to an Associate for distinct services provided in the sale of the Company's products and include all forms of commissions, and other incentives paid to our Associates. The Company may provide Associate incentive promotions which are earned by Associates for distinct services rendered. Associate incentive promotions are recorded as the incentives are earned by the Associates. With the exception of commissions paid to Associates on personal purchases, which are considered a sales discount and are reported as a reduction to net sales, Associate incentives are recorded as an operating expense. The amounts paid to Associates are commensurate with the fair value received for the distinct services rendered by Associates and are recorded as an operating expense when revenue for the goods is recognized.

Shipping and handling activities are performed upon delivery to the third party carrier for shipment. The Company accounts for these activities as fulfillment costs. Therefore, the Company recognizes the costs of these activities when revenue for the goods is recognized. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales for all periods presented.

With respect to will-call orders, the Company periodically assesses the likelihood that customers will exercise their contractual right to pick up orders and revenue is recognized when the likelihood that customers will pick up orders becomes remote.

Other Revenue

Other types of revenue include fees, which are paid by the customer at the beginning of the service period, for access to online customer service applications and annual account renewal fees for Associates, for which control is transferred over time as services are delivered and are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective contracts.

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The following table presents Other Revenue for the periods indicated:

Year Ended

Revenue Disaggregation

Disaggregation of revenue by geographical region and major product line is included in Note M – Segment Information.

Contract Balances

When the timing of our provision of goods or services is different from the timing of the payments made by our customers, we recognize either a contract asset (performance precedes contractual due date) or a contract liability (customer payment precedes performance).

Contract liabilities relate to deferred revenue for product sales for customer payments received in advance of shipment, for outstanding material rights under the initial order program, and for services where the performance obligations are satisfied over time as services are delivered. Contract liabilities are recorded as deferred revenue within the "Other current liabilities" line item in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company typically does not have contract assets based on the payment terms included in the Company’s contracts and the balance of contract assets was $0 at December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The following table provides information about contract liabilities from contracts with customers, including significant changes in the contract liabilities balances during the period.

Contract liabilities at beginning of period $ 20,875 $ 19,635

Increase due to deferral of revenue at period end 13,910 20,875

Contract liabilities at end of period $ 13,910 $ 20,875

Product Return Policy

All product orders that are unused and returned within the first 30 days following purchase are refunded at 100% of the sales price. All product orders that are unused and resalable are refunded up to one year from the date of purchase at 100% of the sales price. This standard policy differs in a few of our international markets due to the regulatory environment in those markets. Depending upon the conditions under which product was returned, customers may either receive a refund based on their original form of payment, or credit on account for a product exchange. The Company monitors Associate activity to ensure that all such practices are in line with established Company policies. Product returns totaled approximately 0.6%, 0.7%, and 0.6% of net sales in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Associate Incentives

Associate incentives expenses include all forms of commissions, and other incentives paid to our Associates, less commissions paid to Associates on personal purchases, which are considered a sales discount and are reported as a reduction to net sales.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses include wages and benefits, depreciation and amortization, rents and utilities, Associate event costs, advertising and professional fees, marketing, and research and development expenses.

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Equity-Based Compensation

The Company records compensation expense in the Financial Statements for equity-based awards based on the grant date fair value, which for restricted stock units is the closing market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. The grant date fair value of each stock-settled stock appreciation right is based upon the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The grant date fair value of each performance share unit is based upon a Monte-Carlo simulation in order to incorporate market conditions. Equity-based compensation expense for restricted stock units and stock-settled stock appreciation rights are recognized under the straight-line method over the period that service is provided, which is generally the vesting term. Equity-based compensation expense for performance stock units is recognized based on the achievement of certain performance and market conditions by specified target dates, subject to continued service through the applicable vesting dates. The probability of the awards meeting the performance condition is not included in the grant date fair value, but is estimated quarterly for expense recognition. The Company recognizes an adjustment to compensation expense based on revisions in probability assessments. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Further information regarding equity awards can be found in Note L – Equity-Based Compensation.

Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred and are presented as part of the “Selling, general and administrative” line item. Advertising expense totaled $4,756, $5,053, and $12,399, in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and are presented as part of the “Selling, general and administrative” line item. Research and development expense totaled $11,446, $11,563, and $11,112 in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share ("EPS") are based on the weighted-average number of common shares that were outstanding during each period. Diluted EPS include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares calculated using the treasury stock method, which include in-the-money, equity-based awards that have been granted but have not been issued. When there is a loss, potential common shares are not included in the computation of diluted EPS, because to do so would be anti-dilutive.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 requires an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) acquired in a business combination in accordance with Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under this approach, the acquirer applies the revenue model as if it had originated the contracts. This is a departure from the current requirement to measure contract assets and contract liabilities at fair value at the acquisition date. ASU 2021-08 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those annual periods. ASU 2021-08 should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the date of adoption. Evaluation of this new standard is dependent on multiple circumstances including the timing and complexity of completed business combinations. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2021-08 during the first quarter of 2023 and the adoption of the standard did not have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The standard is intended to provide financial statement users with more disaggregated expense information about a public entity’s reportable segments. ASU 2023-07 requires incremental disclosures related to a public entity’s reportable segments including allowing the disclosure of multiple measures of segment profit or loss,

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NOTE A—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED

requiring the disclosure of significant segment expenses, and requiring the qualitative disclosure of other segment items. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and should be adopted retrospectively unless impracticable. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact adoption of the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact adoption of the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

No other recent accounting pronouncements had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

NOTE B— BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

In the second quarter of 2022, the Company acquired assets in business combinations for an aggregate purchase consideration of $6,532 in cash and $886 in contingent consideration. The final purchase price allocations were $771 to tangible assets, $6,065 to intangible assets, and $582 to goodwill. The primary reasons for the business combinations are to augment and expand the Company's core competencies.

The contingent consideration liability associated with the business combinations in 2022 was based on the achievement of certain milestones over a three-year period, and the seller's continued employment with the business. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the contingent consideration consisted of three earn-out periods capped at $500 per earn-out period. The maximum earn-out was $1,500 per the asset purchase agreement. As of the acquisition date, the contingent consideration had a fair value of $886. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability as of the date of acquisition was determined using an option pricing method based upon available information and certain assumptions known and contains key inputs that are unobservable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.

As of December 31, 2022, the contingent consideration had a fair value of $886. During 2023, the employee resigned from the business, which consequently terminated the employment relationship and the remaining contingent consideration of $548 was forfeited. This non-cash gain on contingent consideration is included in the change in "Other liabilities" line item on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. Contingent consideration is included in Fair Value Measures above.

Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of the acquisitions were not material to the Company’s Financial Statements.

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NOTE C—INVENTORIES

As of December 30, 2023, noncurrent inventories consisted of $2,051 of raw materials and $1,077 of finished goods inventory. As of December 31, 2022, noncurrent inventories consisted of $1,711 of raw materials and $1,768 of finished goods inventory. Noncurrent inventories are included in the “Other assets” line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE D—PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consists of the following:

Miscellaneous receivables, net 6,172 5,183

NOTE E—INCOME TAXES

Consolidated earnings before income taxes consists of the following for 2023, 2022, and 2021:

Year Ended

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NOTE E—INCOME TAXES - CONTINUED

Income tax expense (benefit) included in income from continuing operations consists of the following:

Year Ended

Current

Deferred

The effective tax rate for 2023, 2022, and 2021 reconciled to the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:

Year Ended

Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 %

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit 0.5 0.4 0.4

Permanent tax differences 0.7 0.3 0.1

Excess foreign tax credits (16.4) (16.6) (10.9)

Net increase in valuation allowance 13.0 11.9 10.6

Foreign income tax rate differences 8.7 9.5 1.8

Foreign withholding taxes 10.6 9.7 7.9

Uncertain tax position reserve (0.4) 0.5 (0.3)

All other, net — (0.5) 1.1

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 30, 2023 increased compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The effective tax rate increase is due primarily to an unfavorable foreign currency impact on withholding tax accruals and the change in the market mix of pre-tax book income.

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NOTE E—INCOME TAXES - CONTINUED

The significant categories of deferred taxes are as follows:

Deferred tax assets

Accruals not currently deductible 6,680 8,627

Equity-based compensation expense 2,580 2,746

Deferred tax liabilities

Withholding tax on unremitted earnings (11,673) (11,639)

The components of net deferred taxes on a jurisdiction basis are as follows:

Net deferred tax liabilities (4,552) (4,071)

As of December 30, 2023, the Company had foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $128,695. If unused, these carryforwards will expire between 2026 and 2033. The Company has generated excess foreign tax credits since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was enacted on December 22, 2017. This is due to the U.S. tax rate being lower than most foreign taxing jurisdiction rates where the Company operates. Although the Company can claim foreign tax credits against U.S. source income due to overall domestic losses generated in previous years, the Company does not believe it will be able to use more foreign tax credits than it generates in a single year. The Company believes these foreign tax credit carryforwards will expire unused based on available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, available tax planning strategies, and available carryback opportunities. Similar with prior years, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance on its foreign tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are determined using a more-likely-than-not realization criteria and are based upon all facts and circumstances.

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NOTE E—INCOME TAXES - CONTINUED

The Company recorded a $1,591 valuation allowance on mirrored deferred tax assets recorded in the United States, which offset deferred tax liabilities of foreign disregarded entities. These mirrored deferred tax assets represent future foreign tax credits. This valuation allowance is necessary because the Company is limited in its ability to utilize future foreign tax credits due to the U.S. tax rate being lower than most foreign taxing jurisdiction rates where the Company operates.