Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following are factors known to us that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or operating results, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our common stock.

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Macroeconomic Risks

Our business may be sensitive to economic conditions, including those that impact our customers’ spending.

Our results of operations may be sensitive to changes in overall economic conditions, primarily in North America and Europe, that impact spending on our products, including discretionary spending. Weakening of, and fluctuations in, economic conditions affecting disposable consumer income or our customers’ budgets, such as employment levels, inflation, business conditions, the level of governmental financial assistance, changes in housing market conditions, capital markets, tax rates, savings rates, interest rates, fuel and energy costs, the economic impacts of natural disasters or other severe weather conditions, acts of war, and acts of terrorism, the availability of consumer credit could reduce overall spending or reduce spending on our products. Our sales growth and profitability have been affected, from time to time, from a general reduction in consumer spending or a reduction in consumer spending on powersports, boats and aftermarket products. A general reduction in spending by our customers for commercial equipment or a reduction in government budgets could adversely affect our related sales.

Adverse changes in these factors could lead to a decreased level of demand for our products, which could negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In addition, we have financial services arrangements with subsidiaries of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and a subsidiary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated that require us to repurchase products financed and repossessed pursuant to the terms of such arrangements and subject to certain limitations. From time to time, we may also elect to provide guarantees or other credit support in favor of, or related to, these arrangements, including to increase capacity thereunder. If adverse changes to economic conditions result in increased defaults on the loans made under these arrangements, our contractual repurchase obligations (or demands under any guarantees or other credit support) could adversely affect our liquidity and harm our business.

Shortages or increases in the cost of raw materials, commodities, component parts, and transportation could negatively impact our business.

The primary commodities used in manufacturing our products are aluminum, steel, copper, petroleum-based resins and certain rare earth metals, as well as diesel fuel to transport products. Our profitability has been affected by fluctuations in the prices of the raw materials and commodities we use in our products and in the cost of freight and shipping to source materials, commodities, and other component parts necessary to assemble our products. In the past, we have experienced significant increases in the cost of these commodities and materials due generally to an inflationary environment driven by high demand and supply chain disruptions. Additionally, fluctuating policies and the implementation of trade regulations and trade agreements could further disrupt our supply chain or increase the cost of raw materials and commodities necessary to manufacture our products. The impact from tariffs or other trade regulations could require us to shift our manufacturing footprint. Such restructuring actions could negatively impact our operational costs, work force and/or our growth initiatives. All of these could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Market and Competitive Risks

We face intense competition in all product lines. Failure to compete effectively against competitors could negatively impact our business and operating results.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Competition in such markets is based upon several factors, including price, quality, reliability, styling, product features and warranties. At the dealer level, competition is based on additional factors, including product availability, sales and marketing support programs (such as financing and cooperative advertising), and dealer and customer perception. Certain of our competitors are more diversified and have advantageous manufacturing footprints, and may invest more heavily in intellectual property, product development, promotions and advertising or online presence. If we are not able to compete with new or enhanced products or models of our competitors or compete in the digital marketplace, our ability to retain and attract customers and future business performance may be materially and adversely affected. Internationally, our products typically face more competition where certain foreign competitors manufacture and market products in their respective countries. This allows those competitors to sell products at lower prices, which could adversely affect our competitiveness. In addition, our products compete with many other recreational, utility, and work products for the discretionary spending of our customers. A failure to compete effectively with these other competitors or adjust pricing to offset inflation or increased supply chain costs could materially and adversely affect our financial results and have a material adverse effect on our performance.

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If we are unable to continue to enhance existing products and develop and market new or enhanced products that respond to customer needs and preferences, we may experience a decrease in demand for our products and our business could suffer.

Unless we can continue to enhance existing products, develop and market new products and services, including in the digital and electrification markets, we may not be able to compete effectively in the market, and ultimately satisfy the needs and preferences of our customers in the global markets in which we compete. Product development requires significant financial, technological and other resources. There can be no assurance thatour level of investment in research and development will be a sufficient competitive advantage in product innovation, which could cause our business to suffer. Product improvements and new product introductions also require significant engineering, planning, design, development, and testing at the technological, product, and manufacturing process levels and we may not be able to timely develop product improvements or new products. Our competitors’ new products may be of a better quality, beat our products to market, and be more attractive in terms of features and price than our products.

Our continued success is dependent on positive perceptions of our Polaris brands which, if impaired, could adversely affect our sales.

We believe the strength of our Polaris brands is one of the reasons our customers choose our products. To be successful, we must preserve our reputation. Reputational value is based in large part on perceptions and opinions, and broad access to social media makes it easy for anyone to provide public feedback that can influence perceptions of our company. It may be difficult to control negative publicity, regardless of whether it is accurate. While reputations may take decades to build, any negative incidents can quickly erode trust and confidence, particularly if they result in negative mainstream and social media publicity, governmental investigations, or litigation. Negative incidents, such as quality and safety concerns or incidents related to our products or actions or statements of our employees, suppliers or dealers, could lead to tangible adverse effects on our business, including lost sales or employee retention and recruiting difficulties. In addition, the reputation of our vendors and others with whom we choose to do business may affect our reputation.

Increased negative public perception of our products or any increased restrictions on the access or the use of our products in certain locations could materially adversely affect our business or results of operations.

Demand for the Company’s products depends in part on their social acceptability. Public concerns about the environmental impact of the Company’s products or their perceived safety could result in diminished public perception of the products we sell. Government, community, media, or activist pressure to limit emissions or perceived land and water impacts could also negatively impact consumers’ perceptions of the Company’s products or limit access to areas where customers can use our products. Any decline in the social acceptability of the Company’s products could negatively impact sales or lead to changes in laws, rules and regulations that prevent their access to certain locations or restrict their use or manner of use in certain areas or during certain times, which could also negatively impact sales. Any material decline in the social acceptability of the Company’s products could impact the Company’s ability to retain existing customers or attract new ones which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations or financial condition.

From time to time, we manage our portfolio andgrow our business through acquisitions, non-consolidating investments, alliances and new joint ventures and partnerships, which could be risky and could harm our business.

From time to time, we drive growth in our businesses and accelerate opportunities to expand our global presence and customer base through targeted acquisitions, non-consolidating investments, alliances, and new joint ventures and partnerships (each a “Strategic Transaction”) that we believe add value to our existing brands and product portfolio. Alternatively, we may not be able to identify an attractive Strategic Transaction. The benefits of a Strategic Transaction may take more time than expected to develop or integrate into our operations, and we cannot guarantee that any Strategic Transaction will ultimately produce the expected benefits.

There can be no assurance that Strategic Transactions will be completed or that, if completed, they will be successful. Strategic Transactions pose risks with respect to our ability to project and evaluate market demand, potential synergies and cost savings, make correct accounting estimates and achieve anticipated business goals and objectives. As we continue to grow, in part, through Strategic Transactions, our success depends on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these risks. If acquired businesses do not achieve forecasted results or otherwise fail to meet projections, it could affect our results.

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In many cases, Strategic Transactions present a number of integration risks. For example, the acquisition may: require more time or resources than anticipated to be fully integrated into our operations and systems, causing operational disruption; create more costs than projected; divert management attention; create the potential of losing customer, supplier or other critical business relationships; and pose difficulties retaining employees. The inability to successfully integrate new businesses may result in higher production costs, lost sales or otherwise negatively affect earnings and financial results.

Potential divestiture activity poses similar risks, including the potential to: disrupt operations in core, adjacent or acquired businesses; require more time or resources than anticipated to be fully completed; deleverage manufacturing operations or reduce sourcing efficiencies; reduce gross profit if the Company is not able to reduce fixed cost (including corporate overhead); not deliver the value anticipated for shareholders; divert management attention; create the potential of losing customer, supplier or other critical business relationships; and pose difficulties retaining employees. The inability to successfully manage the risks associated with the Company’s divestiture activity may result in higher production costs, lost sales or otherwise negatively affect earnings and financial results.

Operational Risks

Disruption in our suppliers’ operations could disrupt our production schedule.

Our operations and ability to maintain production is dependent upon our suppliers delivering sufficient quantities of systems, components, raw materials and parts on time to manufacture our products and meet our production schedules. For example, if we experience supply disruptions and sourcing challenges for various components critical to the manufacture of our products, our operations may be impacted negatively.

In some instances, we purchase systems, components, raw materials and parts that are ultimately derived from a single source or geography and may be at an increased risk for supply disruptions. If necessary, we may not be able to develop alternate sourcing quickly or at all. Any number of factors, including labor disruptions, catastrophic weather events, the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness, contractual or other disputes, unfavorable economic or industry conditions, port, rail, or truck delivery delays, acts of war, or other performance problems or financial difficulties or solvency problems, could disrupt our suppliers’ operations and lead to uncertainty in our supply chain or cause supply disruptions for us, which could, in turn, disrupt our operations.

Material disruptions of our production schedule caused by a worsening, prolonged, or other unexpected shortage of systems, components, raw materials or parts have caused, and could continue to cause, us to not be able to meet customer demand, to alter production schedules, to delay product launch schedules, or to suspend production entirely, which could cause a loss of revenues, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. These disruptions have had and may continue to have in the future an adverse impact on our prospects and operating results.

We manufacture our products at, and distribute our products from, several locations in North America and internationally. An unforeseen increase in demand for our products or any disruption at any of these facilities or manufacturing delays could adversely affect our business and operating results.

We assemble vehicles at various facilities around the world. Our facilities are typically designed to produce particular models for particular geographic markets. No single facility is designed to manufacture our full range of vehicles. We also have several locations that serve as wholegoods and PG&A distribution centers, warehouses and office facilities. In addition, we have agreements with other third-party manufacturers to manufacture products on our behalf. Should these or other facilities become unavailable either temporarily or permanently for any number of reasons, including supply chain constraints, labor disruptions, changes in legal or regulatory requirements, the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness or catastrophic weather events (including events caused by climate change), the inability to manufacture at the affected facility may result in harm to our reputation, supply shortages, long lead times in supply, increased costs, lower revenues and the loss of customers. We may have to cease operations at impacted facilities or may not be able to easily shift production to other facilities or to make up for lost production. In addition, inefficiencies in our manufacturing due to labor shortages, part shortages, new production lines and the complexity of the start-up of manufacturing new premium products may impact operations negatively. There can be no assurance that our current or future manufacturing footprint will improve and be sufficient to meet customer demand or that we will be able to successfully expand or contract our manufacturing capacity to meet demand in a more efficient manner, which could result in loss of revenue, decreased margins and loss of market share.

Although we maintain insurance for damage to our property and disruption of our business from casualties, such insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses. Any disruption in our manufacturing capacity could

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have an adverse impact on our ability to produce sufficient inventory of our products or may require us to incur additional expenses in order to produce sufficient inventory, and therefore, may adversely affect our net sales and operating results. Disruptions or delays at our manufacturing facilities could impair our ability to meet the demands of our customers, and our customers may cancel orders or purchase products from our competitors, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

We depend on suppliers, financing sources and other strategic partners who may be sensitive to economic conditions that could affect their businesses in a manner that adversely affects their relationship with us.

We source component parts and raw materials through numerous suppliers and have relationships with a limited number of product financing sources for our dealers and consumers. Our sales growth and profitability could be adversely affected if deterioration of economic or business conditions results in a weakening of the financial condition of our suppliers or financing sources, or if uncertainty about inflation, the economy or the demand for our products causes these business partners to voluntarily or involuntarily reduce or terminate their relationship with us, impose less favorable terms or require guarantees or credit support.

Failure to establish and maintain the appropriate level of dealers and distributor relationships or weak economic conditions impacting those relationships may negatively impact our business and operating results.

We distribute our products through numerous dealers and distributors and rely on them to retail our products to our end customers and provide service on these products. Weakening of the financial condition of our dealers or distributors due to deterioration of business conditions or reputational harm could negatively affect our sales growth and profitability. Additionally, weak demand for, or quality issues with, our products may cause dealers and distributors to voluntarily or involuntarily reduce or terminate their relationship with us. Further, if we fail to establish and maintain an appropriate level of dealers and distributors for each of our products, we may not obtain adequate market coverage for the desired level of retail sales of our products.

Our operations require significant management attention and financial resources, expose us to difficulties presented by global economic, political, regulatory, accounting, and business factors, and may not be successful or produce desired levels of sales and profitability.

Investments to increase our global presence, including adding employees and dealers and continuing to invest in business infrastructure and operations, might not produce the returns we expect, which could adversely affect our profitability. Our operations and sales are also subject to risks related to political and economic instability, trade and political tension between the United States and countries in which we have operations or do business, increased enforcement and scrutiny from tax and trade authorities across the globe, acts of war, increased costs of customizing products for foreign countries, labor market conditions, the imposition of tariffs and other trade barriers or costs, the impact of government laws and regulations, the effects of income and withholding taxes, governmental expropriation and differences in business practices in different markets, and multiple, changing, and often inconsistent enforcement of laws, rules, and regulations, including rules relating to environmental, health, and safety matters. The realization of any of these risks or unfavorable changes in the political, regulatory and business climate in any of the jurisdictions where we operate could have a material adverse effect on our total sales, financial condition, profitability, or cash flows.

Weather conditions may reduce demand and negatively impact net sales and production of certain of our products.

Unfavorable weather conditions may reduce demand and negatively impact sales of certain of the Company’s products. Unfavorable weather, including conditions caused in part by climate change, in any particular geographic region may have an adverse effect on sales of the Company’s products in that region. For example, lack of snowfall during winter may materially adversely affect snowmobile sales; excessive rain before and during spring and summer may materially adversely affect sales of off-road vehicles and boats; a lack of rain in certain areas may limit boat usage and may materially adversely affect sales of boats; and wild fires can limit areas where our customers ride our off-road vehicles. Weather conditions may also disrupt our manufacturing and distribution facilities and our supply chain, which could impact our ability to manufacture products to fulfill customer demand. Such disruptions could be caused by natural disasters, inclement weather and/or climate change-related events, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, typhoons, drought, fire, other extreme weather conditions or natural disasters and events that occur as a result of such events, such as water and natural resource shortages, power outages or shortages, or telecommunications failures. These weather conditions could pose physical risks to our facilities and critical infrastructure in the U.S. and internationally, disrupt the operation of our supply chain and third-party vendors, and may impact operational results.

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There can be no assurance that weather conditions or natural disasters will not have a material effect on our sales, production capability or component supply continuity for any of our products.

Our operations are dependent upon attracting and retaining senior executives and skilled employees. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, retain and promote skilled personnel for all areas of our organization and to retain or provide for adequate succession planning for our senior executives.

Our success depends on attracting and retaining qualified personnel. Our ability to sustain and grow our business requires us to hire, retain and develop a highly skilled and diverse management team and workforce. Many members of the Company’s management team and other key employees have extensive experience in the Company’s industry and with its business, products and customers. The unplanned loss of members of the Company’s management team or other key employees, particularly if combined with difficulties in finding qualified replacements, could negatively affect the Company’s ability to develop and pursue its business strategy, which could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, the Company’s success depends to a large extent upon its ability to attract and retain skilled employees. There is intense competition for qualified and skilled employees, and a failure to recruit, train and retain such employees could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations or financial condition.

Product-Specific Risks

A significant adverse determination in any material litigation claim against us could adversely affect our operating results or financial condition.

We are subject to legal proceedings in the U.S. and elsewhere involving various issues, including product liability lawsuits for property damage or serious bodily injury, including death, warranty litigation, and class actions alleging claims for product defects, product recalls, economic losses, breach of warranty, and violations of various consumer protection laws, among other claims. A negative outcome in one or more of these lawsuits could result in an award of damages (for which we are not insured), including punitive damages, or fines, reputational harm, interruption or modification of our business, or other sanctions, as well as legal and punitive damages, or fines, reputational harm, interruption or modification of our business, or other sanctions, as well as legal and other costs, any of which may be significant and may have a negative impact on our business, operating results and cash flows.

The Company purchases excess insurance coverage for product liability claims related to incidents during the policy period which exceed our self-insured retention thresholds. Disputes with insurers could impact our recoveries under these policies. Furthermore, certain claims that are not typically covered under commercial excess policies would be excluded from coverage, such as economic loss claims, false marketing claims, and in some historical policies, punitive damages.

Product liability claims have not historically resulted in any material adverse effects on our financial statements, however, no assurance can be given that this will not change or that material product liability, class action, or other claims against us will not be made in the future. An unanticipated adverse determination of a material product liability claim or other material claim (particularly an uninsured issue) made against us could materially and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Significant product repair and/or replacement costs due to product warranty claims or product recalls could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

We generally provide limited warranties for our vehicles and boats. We may also provide longer warranties in certain geographical markets as determined by local regulations and customary practice or related to certain promotional programs. We also provide a limited emission warranty for certain emission-related parts in our ORVs, snowmobiles, and motorcycles as required by the EPA and CARB. Our standard warranties require us, through our dealer network, to repair or replace defective products during such warranty periods.

If a recall of our products were to be implemented, the repair and replacement costs we could incur in connection therewith could materially and adversely affect our business. Past product recalls have harmed our reputation and caused us to lose customers. Future product recalls could increasingly cause consumers to question the safety or reliability of our products and could materially impact our results of operations and financial condition.

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Regulatory, Intellectual Property, Cybersecurity and Privacy Risks

Our business, properties and products are subject to extensive United States federal and state and international safety, environmental, trade and other government regulation and any failure to comply with these regulations could harm our reputation, expose us to damages and otherwise adversely affect our business.

Our business, properties, and products are subject to numerous international, federal, state, and other governmental laws, rules, and regulations relating to, among other things: climate change; emissions to air; discharges to water; restrictions placed on water and land usage and water availability; product and associated packaging; use of certain chemicals; import and export compliance, including but not limited to classification and valuation of products, country of origin certification requirements, and laws relating to forced labor in the supply chain; worker and product user health and safety; consumer privacy; energy efficiency; product life-cycles; outdoor noise laws; and the generation, use, handling, labeling, collection, management, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of hazardous substances, wastes, and other regulated materials. We are unable to predict the ultimate impact of adopted or future laws, rules, and regulations on our business, properties, or products.

Any of these laws, rules, or regulations may cause us to incur significant expenses to achieve or maintain compliance, require us to modify our products, or modify our approach to our workforce, adversely affecting the price of or demand for some of our products, and ultimately affect the way we conduct our operations. Failure to comply with any of these laws, rules, or regulations could result in harm to our reputation and/or could lead to fines and other penalties, including restrictions on the importation of our products into, and the sale of our products in, one or more jurisdictions until compliance is achieved. In addition, changes to regulations may require us to incur expenses or modify product offerings in order to maintain compliance with the actions of regulators and could decrease the demand for our products.

Our reliance upon patents, trademark laws, and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient to protect our intellectual property from others who may sell similar products and may lead to costly litigation.

Our proprietary intellectual property rights are enforceable against third parties as infringement or misappropriation allegations or actions only to the extent that they are demonstrated by valid and enforceable patents or trademarks or are maintained in reasonable confidence sufficient to qualify as trade secrets. Despite our best efforts, we cannot guarantee that we will be issued any patents from any pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us or that the claims granted under any issued patents will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology against any current or future competitor. In the absence of directly applicable and enforceable patent or trademark protection, we may be vulnerable to loss with respect to competitors who attempt to copy our technology or product designs, exploit our trade secrets and know-how, or tarnish or diminish goodwill in our brand, all of which could adversely affect our business. Even with applicable and enforceable patent or trademark protection, others may initiate litigation to challenge to validity of our intellection property, allege that we infringe their intellectual property rights, or they may use their resources to design comparable products that recreate as near as possible yet do not technically infringe our patents. We may incur substantial costs defending our intellectual property rights in the event that others initiate litigation to challenge the validity of our patents or allege that we infringe their patents. Substantial costs may also be incurred should we initiate proceedings to protect our intellectual property rights against misappropriation or infringement by others. If the outcome of any intellection property-related litigation is unfavorable to us, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected. Regardless of whether litigation relating to our intellectual property rights is successful, ongoing litigation as described herein could significantly increase our costs and divert management’s attention from operation of our business, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Although we take all reasonable measures to verify that our products, technologies and marks do not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, we cannot guarantee that they do not or will not. Allegations, litigation, cease and desist letters, court ordered injunctions, and the like relating to potential infringement of third-party intellectual property could result in significant costs, damages and substantial uncertainty.

We may be subject to cybersecurity events and other disruptions to our information technology systems, data and connected products that could adversely affect our business.

Cybersecurity threats and incidents have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency and severity in the future. As technological advances develop and our reliance on technology increases, our business is subject to risk from cybersecurity threats and incidents, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to our systems and networks, or those of our third-party vendors and service providers, the

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disruption of operations, the corruption of data or theft of confidential or personal information, and other cybersecurity incidents.

We use many information technology systems, some of which are managed or hosted by third parties, and manufacture connected products (including connected vehicles), some of which are managed by third parties, in operating our business. Those systems and products process potentially sensitive information, including intellectual property; proprietary business information of Polaris and our dealers, suppliers, and other business partners; and personal information of consumers and employees. Our information technology systems and connected products, including those managed or hosted by third parties, have been, and could be in the future vulnerable to breach, damage, disruption, or breakdown from various sources, including power loss, viruses, malware, ransomware, phishing, denial of service, and other cyber-attacks that may be random, targeted, or the result of misconduct or error by individuals with access to our systems. Although we monitor continually evolving cybersecurity threats, have implemented various measures designed to manage risks relating to these types of threats, and have invested in layers of data and information technology protection, these measures and the systems supporting them could prove to be inadequate and there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent disruptions or breaches of our information technology systems, connected products, data and/or operations.

We have experienced cyber-attacks, as have third-parties who manage our information technology systems and other third-party suppliers and service providers, but to our knowledge, we have not experienced any material disruptions or breaches of our information technology systems, connected products, data or operations as a result of such cyber-attacks. We could, however, experience material disruptions or breaches in the future. Such disruptions or breaches of our information technology systems, connected products, data, or operations could adversely affect our business by resulting in, among other things: (i) disruption to our business operations; (ii) compromise or loss of the information processed by our information technology systems and connected products, such as intellectual property, confidential or proprietary information, or personal information; (iii) impact to the performance and/or safety of our connected products; (iv) damage to our reputation; (v) requirements to notify government authorities or affected individuals; and (vi) government enforcement, litigation or regulatory proceedings.

We could be required to make a significant investment to remedy, mitigate or remediate the effects of any failures, including, but not limited to, harm to our reputation, legal claims that we and/or our business partners (including third-party vendors and service providers) may be subjected to, regulatory or enforcement action arising out of applicable privacy and other laws, adverse publicity, or other events that may affect our business and financial performance.

Our business, data, services and products are subject to United States federal and state and international data privacy laws and regulations and any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our reputation, expose us to damages and otherwise adversely affect our business.

As a global company, we are subject to laws and regulations in the United States and other countries concerning the handling of personal data, including but not limited to those related to the collection, storage, handling, use, disclosure, transfer, and security of personal data. These laws and regulations include, for example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), and other similar United States state privacy laws. These laws and regulations are continuously evolving and developing, creating significant uncertainty as privacy and data protection laws may be interpreted and applied differently from country to country and may create inconsistent or conflicting requirements. Our ongoing compliance with the GDPR, CCPA, and other privacy and data protection laws may result in significant costs and challenges that are likely to increase over time, particularly in the event we introduce new connected products. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us or third-party service providers to comply with our privacy or security policies or privacy-related legal obligations may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, or negative publicity, and could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Finance and Capital Structure Risks

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could result in declines in our reported sales and net earnings.

The changing relationships of the United States dollar to the Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, the Euro, the Swiss franc, the Mexican peso, and certain other foreign currencies have from time to time had a negative impact on our results of operations. Fluctuations in the value of the United States dollar relative to these foreign currencies can adversely affect the price of our products in foreign markets, the costs we incur to import certain components for our products, and the translation of our foreign balance sheets. In addition, with the recent strengthening of the United States dollar, we

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have experienced a corresponding negative impact on our financial results with respect to our foreign operations. While we actively manage our exposure to fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates by entering into foreign exchange hedging contracts from time to time, these contracts hedge foreign currency denominated transactions, and any change in the fair value of the contracts would be offset by changes in the underlying value of the transactions being hedged.

Retail credit market deterioration and volatility may restrict the ability of our retail customers to finance the purchase of our products and adversely affect our income from financial services.

We have arrangements with third parties to make retail financing available to consumers who purchase our products in the United States and Canada. Furthermore, many customers use financing from lenders who do not partner with us, such as local banks and credit unions. There can be no assurance that retail financing will continue to be available in the same amounts and under the same terms that had been previously available to our customers. If retail financing is not available to customers on satisfactory terms, consumer demand could be materially impacted and our sales and profitability could be adversely affected.

We have a significant amount of debt outstanding and must comply with restrictive covenants in our debt agreements. Provisions in our debt agreements could adversely affect our operating flexibility, pose risks of default and reduce our flexibility to respond to an economic downturn.

Our credit agreement and other debt agreements contain financial and restrictive covenants that may limit our ability to, among other things, borrow additional funds or take advantage of business opportunities. Increases in our debt or decreases in our earnings could cause us to fail to comply with these financial covenants. Failing to comply with such covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all our indebtedness or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operation and debt service capability.

Our outstanding debt and the financial and restrictive covenants contained in our credit agreement could have important consequences on our financial position and results of operations, including increasing our vulnerability to increases in interest rates because debt under our credit agreement bears interest at variable rates.

In addition, our outstanding amount of debt could limit our ability to raise additional capital or increase borrowing costs on future debt if we are unable to replace existing debt with comparable new debt and may have the effect, among other things, of reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions, requiring us to use a portion of our cash flows to repay indebtedness and placing us at a disadvantage compared to competitors with lower debt obligations. Furthermore, each of the credit rating agencies reviews its rating periodically, and there is no guarantee that our current credit ratings will remain the same. Should the credit rating agencies lower our credit ratings or if we were to lose our investment-grade rating, we could face further constraints on our ability to raise additional capital and face an increase in borrowing costs on future debt. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate cash in the future.

General Risks

Additional tax expense or tax exposure could impact our financial performance.

We are subject to income taxes and other business taxes in various jurisdictions in which we operate. Our tax liabilities are dependent upon the earnings generated in these different jurisdictions. Our provision for income taxes and cash tax liability could be adversely affected by numerous factors, including income before taxes being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions with lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in jurisdictions with higher statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws and regulations in various jurisdictions. We also have negotiated and are party to certain tax incentives that require the Company comply with certain covenants. We are also subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by various tax authorities. The results of audits and examinations of previously filed tax returns and continuing assessments of our tax exposures or the loss of any tax incentive may have an adverse effect on the Company’s provision for income taxes and cash tax liability. Furthermore, a material change in the tax laws, treaties, or regulations, or their interpretation, of any jurisdiction with which we and our subsidiaries do business or have significant operations could adversely affect us.

For example, in 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) announced that 136 countries and tax jurisdictions have agreed to implement a new “Two Pillar” approach to international taxation. The first pillar will establish a new taxing right for countries in which a business has a significant economic presence, even though it may not have the degree of physical presence in that country needed to establish a taxing right under existing tax

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treaties. The second pillar is designed to ensure large corporations are taxed at a minimum rate of 15% in all countries of operation. The OECD continues to release guidance and countries are implementing legislation to adopt the rules, which are expected to become effective for the first time in 2024. The United States has not yet enacted legislation implementing the second pillar. Depending on how the jurisdictions in which we operate choose to implement the OECD’s approach in their tax treaties and domestic tax laws, we and our subsidiaries could be adversely affected due to some of our income being taxed at higher effective rates, once these new rules come into force.

An impairment in the carrying value of goodwill and trade names could negatively impact our consolidated results of operations and net worth.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as our trade names, are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition and are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Our determination of whether goodwill impairment has occurred is based on a comparison of each of our reporting units’ fair market value with its carrying value. Significant and unanticipated changes in circumstances, such as significant and long-term adverse changes in business climate, negative perception of the Company’s brands and tradenames, unanticipated competition, and/or changes in technology or markets, could require a provision for impairment in a future period that could negatively impact our reported earnings and reduce our consolidated net worth and shareholders’ equity.

Expectations relating to environmental, social and governance considerations expose us to potential liabilities, increased costs, reputational harm and other adverse effects on our business.

Many governments, regulators, investors, employees, customers and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters relating to businesses, including climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, human capital and diversity, equity and inclusion. We make statements about our ESG goals and initiatives through information provided on our website, press statements and other communications, including through our “Geared for Good” ESG Report. Responding to these ESG matters involves implementing new processes and procedures to comply with new laws and involves risks and uncertainties, including those described under “Forward-Looking Statements.” These efforts may require investments which may be impacted by factors outside of our control. In addition, some stakeholders may disagree with our goals and initiatives and the focus of stakeholders may change and evolve over time. Stakeholders also may have very different views on where ESG focus should be placed, including differing views of regulators in various jurisdictions in which we operate. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to achieve our goals, further our initiatives, adhere to our public statements, comply with federal, state or international ESG laws and regulations, or meet evolving and varied stakeholder expectations and standards could result in reputational harm, loss of investor confidence, legal and regulatory proceedings against us and materially adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and stock price.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not Applicable.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

As a key component of Polaris’ Enterprise Risk Management process, Polaris’ cybersecurity risk management program is designed to align with industry-standard cybersecurity frameworks and includes processes related to each of the following functions: identification, protection, detection, response, and recovery. Examples of relevant processes include steps for: assessing the severity of a cybersecurity threat; identifying the source of a cybersecurity threat, including whether the cybersecurity threat is associated with a third-party service provider; implementing cybersecurity countermeasures and mitigation strategies; and remediating and escalating cybersecurity incidents using cross-functional expertise. Our cybersecurity risk management program also includes risk-based processes related to overseeing and identifying cybersecurity risks associated with the use of third-party providers, including processes related to: conducting cybersecurity assessments of third-party service providers, including cybersecurity obligations in contract with third-party service providers; and receiving and responding to notification of cybersecurity incidents of third-party service providers. Our cybersecurity team engages third-party security experts to assist with our processes for assessing, identifying, and managing risks from cybersecurity threat, including, for example, assessment of the maturity of our

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cybersecurity risk management program, penetration testing, employee awareness testing, phish testing, and incident monitoring and response, including conducting tabletop exercises.

Our cybersecurity risk management program is under the direction of our Senior Vice President and Chief Digital and Information Officer, who has 30 years of technology leadership, and staffed by a cybersecurity team that includes personnel with a range of information and product security experience, from early-career professionals with cybersecurity degrees to seasoned professionals with multiple cybersecurity-related certifications and more than twenty years of experience. The Senior Vice President and Chief Digital and Information Officer received reports from our cybersecurity team on the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Our Executive Cybersecurity Council meets as appropriate and receives updates from the Senior Vice President and Chief Digital and Information Officer and the cybersecurity team regarding our cybersecurity risks and risk management program; cybersecurity incidents and our response to them; and, as appropriate, developments in the external cybersecurity landscape, including learnings from external cybersecurity incidents.

Our full Board of Directors provides oversight of our cybersecurity risk management program and receives updates on the program from the Senior Vice President and Chief Digital and Information Officer on a quarterly basis, or more frequently as appropriate. Those updates include information regarding our cybersecurity risks and risk management program; cybersecurity incidents and our response to them; and, as appropriate, developments in the external cybersecurity landscape, including any learnings from external cybersecurity incidents.

In 2023, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these risks, please see “Risk Factors - Regulatory, Intellectual Property, Cybersecurity and Privacy Risks” in this annual report on Form 10-K.

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Item 2. Properties

The following sets forth the Company’s material properties as of December 31, 2023:

Location Facility Type/Use Primary Segment* Owned or Leased Square Footage

Medina, Minnesota Headquarters Corp Owned 130,000

Roseau, Minnesota Wholegoods manufacturing and R&D Off Owned 818,000

Huntsville, Alabama Wholegoods manufacturing Off / On Primarily owned 1,400,000

Monterrey, Mexico Wholegoods manufacturing Off Primarily owned 2,700,000

Elkhart, Indiana Wholegoods manufacturing M Primarily owned 1,420,000

Opole, Poland Wholegoods manufacturing Off / On Leased 365,000

Spirit Lake, Iowa Wholegoods manufacturing On Owned 448,000

Chanas, France Wholegoods manufacturing On Owned 196,000

Shanghai, China Wholegoods manufacturing Off Leased 215,000

Bourran, France Wholegoods manufacturing and R&D On Leased 105,000

Aix-les-Bains, France Wholegoods manufacturing and R&D On Owned 98,000

Osceola, Wisconsin Component parts & engine manufacturing Off / On Owned 293,000

Monticello, Minnesota Component parts manufacturing Off / On Owned 109,000

Wyoming, Minnesota Research and development facility Off / On Owned 272,000

Fernley, Nevada Distribution center Off / On Owned 475,000

Wilmington, Ohio Distribution center Off / On Owned 658,000

Vermillion, South Dakota Distribution center Off / On Owned 610,000

Rigby, Idaho Distribution center and office facility Off / On Owned 108,000

Plymouth, Minnesota Office facility Corp Primarily owned 170,000

Including the material properties listed above and those properties not listed, we have over seven million square feet of global manufacturing and research and development space. Additionally, we have over seven million square feet of global warehouse and distribution center space. For product development and testing of our vehicles, we utilize various parcels of land, including owned or public land near our manufacturing and engineering facilities, land owned in Texas dedicated to testing of our ORVs, and other pieces of public land around the world that provide the appropriate conditions for testing. We also have international office facilities in Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, India, China, Japan, and Mexico.

We own substantially all tooling and machinery used in the manufacture of our products. We make ongoing capital investments in our facilities. These investments have increased production capacity for our products. We believe our current manufacturing and distribution facilities are adequate in size and suitable for our present manufacturing and distribution needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings incidental to our business, none of which is presently expected to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, or the financial results of our business.

As of the date hereof, we are party to certain putative class actions brought by the same plaintiff’s counsel and largely repeating the same allegations regarding various state consumer protection laws focused on rollover protection structures’ certifications for various Polaris off-road vehicles sold in California. The first case brought related to this matter—Guzman/Albright—was first reported in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The district court granted summary judgment against both plaintiffs’ claims, which the plaintiffs appealed. The Ninth Circuit issued two rulings in September 2022 that reversed the district court’s summary judgment

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rulings and remanded the case to the district court with instructions to dismiss one plaintiff’s claims without prejudice. The plaintiff whose claims were dismissed without prejudice refiled a putative class action in California State Court under the name Albright. In June 2023, the Albright court granted the parties’ stipulation to stay that case pending a decision on class certification in the Guzman case. On September 27, 2023, the district court in Guzman entered an order granting in part and denying in part plaintiff’s motion for class certification. The district court certified a California class for plaintiff’s claim seeking money damages under the California Consumers Legal Remedies Act but denied class certification on plaintiff’s claim seeking injunctive relief under Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(2). On October 11, 2023, Polaris filed a petition to appeal the portion of the district court’s order granting class certification. On December 14, 2023, the Ninth Circuit denied Polaris’s petition. On December 20, 2023, the court in Albright entered an order setting a hearing for June 27, 2024 to review the stay of proceedings in that case. On January 30, 2024, the Guzman court entered an amended scheduling order in that case setting dates for further expert discovery, the filing of dispositive motions and other pre-trial motions, and a trial date of December 3, 2024. The second case—Hellman/Berlanga—was first reported in the Company’s quarterly report for the period ended June 30, 2021. Plaintiffs’ counsel, in both the Albright and Hellman/Berlanga cases, filed similar putative class actions on behalf of certain plaintiffs dismissed from the Hellman/Berlanga case in Texas (Lollar), Nevada (Mitchell), and Oregon (Artoff), though the Lollar and Mitchell matters have since been dismissed, the parties reached a final settlement agreement of the plaintiff’s individual claims in Artoff, and another plaintiff from the Hellman/Berlanga matter, Michael Hellman, has been dismissed. In May 2023, the remaining plaintiff in the Berlanga case filed a motion for class certification. We have filed an opposition to the plaintiff’s motion for class certification and have filed a motion to exclude the opinions of certain of plaintiff’s expert witnesses. On August 28, 2023, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California transferred the Berlanga case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. On September 13, 2023, the district court in the Guzman case consented to the transfer of the Berlanga case. That district court has not yet ruled on the Berlanga plaintiff’s motion for class certification or Polaris’s motion to exclude the opinions of plaintiff’s expert witnesses in that case.

As previously reported in the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2021, the district court in In re Polaris dismissed half of the plaintiffs and their claims related to alleged fire hazards in certain Polaris products. Plaintiffs’ counsel voluntarily dismissed the remaining plaintiffs to appeal. The Eighth Circuit affirmed dismissal of the claims brought by plaintiffs who had appealed. On April 28, 2022, the In re Polaris plaintiffs’ counsel filed a new, substantially similar putative class action in California State Court, seeking damages for alleged economic loss: James DeBiasio v. Polaris Industries Inc. (County of Los Angeles, Ca.). We removed the matter to federal court (C.D. Cal) in June 2022 and have moved to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims; plaintiff filed a motion to remand the case. The district court denied plaintiff’s motion to remand and granted our motion to dismiss, allowing plaintiff to file an amended complaint. We moved to dismiss plaintiff’s amended complaint, which the Court denied in March 2023. On February 5, 2024, the DeBiasio court entered an amended scheduling order setting dates for fact and expert discovery, and the filing of class certification, dispositive, and other motions. The court did not set a trial date. The parties are currently engaged in fact discovery.

With respect to each of these putative class action lawsuits, we are unable to provide any reasonable evaluation of the likelihood that a loss will be incurred or any reasonable estimate of the range of possible loss.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Shares of common stock of Polaris Inc. trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PII. On February 9, 2024, there were 1,601 shareholders of record of the Company’s common stock and the last reported sale price for shares of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $91.06 per share. The Company has historically paid cash dividends and expects to continue to pay comparable cash dividends in the future, subject to the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, which will depend on market and other conditions.

STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total return to shareholders (stock price appreciation plus reinvested dividends) for the Company’s common stock with the comparable cumulative return of two indexes: S&P Midcap 400 Index and S&P Composite 1500 Leisure Products Index.

The graph assumes the investment of $100 at the close on December 31, 2018 in common stock of the Company and in each of the indexes, and the reinvestment of all dividends since that date to December 31, 2023. Points on the graph represent the performance as of the last business day of each of the years indicated.

Assumes $100 Invested at the close on December 31, 2018

Assumes Dividend Reinvestment

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023

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Comparison of 5-Year Cumulative Total Return Among Polaris Inc., S&P Midcap 400 Index, and S&P Composite 1500 Leisure Products Index

This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Polaris of its own stock during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

(1) In October 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $1.0 billion of the Company’s outstanding common stock, in addition to the amount still outstanding on its April 2021 share repurchase program. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was authorized to repurchase up to an additional $1,185.1 million of the Company’s common stock. The share repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

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Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion pertains to the results of operations and financial position of the Company and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022. Discussions of 2021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Overview

2023 was a record year for sales, which totaled $8.9 billion, a four percent increase from 2022. The year-over-year increase in sales was driven primarily by product mix and increased shipments.

Gross profit totaled $2.0 billion in both 2023 and 2022. Expressed as a percentage of sales, gross profit decreased in 2023 as compared to 2022, primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movement and higher finance interest, both partially offset by higher net pricing.

Full year net income from continuing operations attributable to Polaris Inc. of $502.8 million decreased 17 percent from 2022, with diluted earnings per share from continuing operations decreasing from $10.04 to $8.71 per share. In addition to the reasons discussed above, these decreases were primarily the result of increased operating expenses and higher interest expense. We reported Adjusted EBITDA of $1,020.9 million in 2023 compared to $1,075.9 million in 2022. For information on how we define and calculate Adjusted EBITDA, and a reconciliation from net income from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.

On February 1, 2024, we announced that our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.66 per share for the first quarter of 2024, a two percent increase from the prior quarterly cash dividend, representing the 29th consecutive year of increased dividends to shareholders.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

The consolidated results of operations were as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Percentage of sales 21.9 % 22.8 % -88 basis points 23.5 % -72 basis points

Operating expenses:

Percentage of sales 15.0 % 14.0 % +98 basis points 14.7% -68 basis points

Non-operating expense:

Other (income) expense, net $ (44.5) $ (28.6) 56 % $ 2.3 NM

Loss on sale of businesses $ — $ — — $ 36.8 NM

Percentage of sales 5.6 % 7.0 % -140 basis points 6.7 % +35 basis points

Adjusted EBITDA Margin 11.4 % 12.5 % -110 basis points 12.9 % -33 basis points

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding 57.7 60.1 (4) % 62.7 (4) %

NM = not meaningful

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Sales:

The year-over-year increase in sales was driven primarily by product mix and increased shipments.

The components of the consolidated sales change were as follows:

Percent change in total Company sales compared to the prior year

Volume 2 % 1 %

Product mix and price 2 16

Currency — (2)

The year-over-year volume increase was driven by increased ORV and snowmobile shipments. Product mix and price drove an increase in sales as a result of a higher sales mix of premium ORV models, which was partially offset by higher finance interest.

Sales by geographic region were as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Sales in the United States for 2023 increased five percent during the year, primarily driven by product mix and increased shipments, partially offset by higher finance interest.

Sales in Canada decreased four percent during 2023, primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movement. Currency rate movements had an unfavorable impact of three percentage points on sales in 2023.

Sales in other countries, primarily in Europe, increased five percent during 2023, primarily driven by product mix. Currency rate movements had a favorable impact of two percentage points on sales in 2023.

Cost of sales:

The following table reflects our cost of sales in dollars and as a percentage of sales:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Percentage of sales 78.1 % 77.2 % +88 basis points 76.5 % +72 basis points

The year-over-year increase in cost of sales was primarily due to higher labor, warranty, and depreciation and amortization expenses. Higher sales volumes and product mix also contributed to the increase.

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Gross profit:

Gross profit for 2023, as a percentage of sales, decreased primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movement and higher finance interest, both partially offset by higher net pricing.

Operating expenses:

Operating expenses for 2023, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of sales, increased compared to 2022, primarily due to higher general and administrative and selling and marketing expenses.

Income from financial services:

The following table reflects our income from financial services:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Income from Polaris Acceptance joint venture $ 41.5 $ 15.1 175 % $ 7.7 96 %

Total income from financial services $ 80.4 $ 48.4 66 % $ 53.8 (10) %

Percentage of sales 0.9 % 0.6 % +34 basis points 0.7 % -16 basis points

Income from financial services increased 66 percent in 2023, primarily due to higher wholesale financing income from Polaris Acceptance driven by higher dealer inventory levels.

Interest expense:

Interest expense increased for 2023 due to higher interest rates.

Other (income) expense, net:

Other (income) expense is primarily the result of currency exchange rate movements and the corresponding effects on currency transactions related to our international subsidiaries.

Provision for income taxes:

The decrease in the effective income tax rate for 2023 was primarily due to an increase in research and development credits, a non-cash increase of deferred tax assets, and the favorable impact of lower pretax income generated in 2023, partially offset by a decreased deduction for Foreign Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”).

Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of sales, decreased in 2023 due to increased operating expenses, higher finance interest and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movement, partially offset by higher net pricing.

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding:

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding decreased throughout 2023 primarily due to share repurchases.

Segment Results of Operations

The summary that follows provides a discussion of the results of operations of each of our three reportable segments, Off Road, On Road, and Marine. Each of these segments is comprised of various product offerings that serve multiple end markets. We evaluate performance based on sales and gross profit. The Corporate amounts include revenues and costs of businesses that were divested in 2021, as well as costs that are not allocated to segments, including certain unallocated manufacturing costs. Businesses that are presented as discontinued operations are excluded from the tables below.

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Our sales and gross profit by reporting segment, which includes the respective PG&A, were as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Corporate — — % — — % NM 72.6 1 % NM

For the Years Ended December 31,

NM = not meaningful

Off Road:

Off Road sales, inclusive of PG&A sales, increased nine percent in 2023 driven by increased shipments and product mix, partially offset by higher finance interest. Sales to customers outside of North America increased one percent in 2023 driven by increased snowmobile shipments. The average per unit sales price for the Off Road segment increased approximately two percent, driven by higher pricing.

Additional information on our end markets for 2023:

•Polaris North America ATV unit retail sales up low-single digits percent

•Polaris North America side-by-side unit retail sales up mid-single digits percent

•Total Polaris North America ORV unit retail sales up mid-single digits percent

•Estimated North America industry ORV unit retail sales up low-single digits percent

•Total Polaris North America ORV dealer inventories up approximately 55 percent

•Polaris North America snowmobile unit retail sales for the 2023-2024 season-to-date period through December 31, 2023 up low-teens percent

•Estimated North America industry snowmobile unit retail sales for the 2023-2024 season-to-date period through December 31, 2023 up low-double digits percent

•Total Polaris North America snowmobile dealer inventories up approximately 120 percent

Gross profit, as a percentage of sales, decreased in 2023 primarily due to unfavorable product mix, higher finance interest, and foreign currency exchange rate movement, partially offset by lower input costs.

On Road:

On Road sales, inclusive of PG&A sales, increased two percent in 2023 driven by product mix. On Road sales to customers outside of North America increased nine percent in 2023, driven by product mix. The average per unit sales price for the On Road segment increased five percent, driven by product mix.

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Additional information on our end markets for 2023:

•Indian Motorcycle North America unit retail sales up mid-single digits percent

•Estimated North America industry 900cc cruiser, touring, and standard motorcycle unit retail sales down high-single digits percent

•Polaris North America motorcycle dealer inventories up approximately 20 percent

Gross profit, as a percentage of sales, increased in 2023 due to favorable product mix and lower input costs, partially offset by increased warranty costs and higher finance interest.

Marine:

Marine sales decreased 23 percent, primarily due to decreased shipments, partially offset by higher net pricing.

Additional information on our end markets for 2023:

•Polaris U.S pontoon unit retail sales down mid-single digits percent

•Estimated U.S. industry pontoon unit retail sales down high-single digits percent

•Polaris U.S. deck boat unit retail sales down mid-teens percent

•Estimate U.S. industry deck boat unit retail sales down mid-twenties percent

Gross profit, as a percentage of sales, decreased due to a decrease in sales volumes resulting in decreased leverage of manufacturing costs, partially offset by higher net pricing.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures, as described below, to understand and evaluate our core operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures, which may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies, are presented to enhance investors’ overall understanding of our financial performance and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.

We use the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as net income from continuing operations, excluding interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, and certain other non-cash, non-recurring, or non-operating items impacting net income from continuing operations from time to time. For example, costs associated with our multi-phase supply chain transformation initiative and certain corporate restructuring activities, such as acquisitions and divestitures, are included as non-GAAP adjustments. We use the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA Margin, which is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin help identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses that we exclude from Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin.

We believe that these measures provide useful information about our financial performance, enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by our management for financial and operational decision making. We are presenting these non-GAAP measures to assist investors in seeing our financial performance through the eyes of management, and because we believe that these measures provide an additional tool for investors to use in comparing our core financial performance over multiple periods with other companies in our industry.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations and should not be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or more meaningful than, net income from continuing operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should not be construed as an inference that our results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income from continuing operations, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented:

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For the Years Ended December 31,

Distributions from other affiliates and impairment charges (2) (1.4) (0.7) 7.7

Acquisition-related costs (3) 1.3 — —

Restructuring and realignment expenses (4) 8.2 6.2 13.1

Class action litigation expenses (5) 8.5 4.5 9.4

Loss on sale of businesses (6) — — 36.8

(1) Represents amortization expense for acquisition-related intangible assets

(3) Represents adjustments for integration and acquisition-related expenses

(5) Represents adjustments for certain class action litigation-related expenses

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity have been cash provided by operating and financing activities, including funds as needed from our credit facility and issuances of long-term debt. Our primary uses of funds have been for new product development, capital investments, cash dividends to shareholders, repurchases and retirement of common stock and acquisitions. The seasonality of production and shipments cause working capital requirements to fluctuate during the year and from year to year.

We believe that existing cash balances and cash flows to be generated from operating activities, borrowing capacity under our credit facility and from future issuances or borrowings of long-term debt, will be sufficient to fund operations, new product development, cash dividends to shareholders, repurchases and retirement of common stock, and capital requirements for at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of continuing operations:

($ in millions) For the Years Ended December 31,

Total cash provided by (used for):

Operating Activities:

The increase in net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations in 2023 was primarily the result of reduced working capital in the current year compared to working capital additions in the prior year, partially offset by lower net income from continuing operations.

Investing Activities:

The primary sources and uses of cash were for the purchase of property, equipment and tooling for continued capacity and capability at our manufacturing, distribution and product development facilities, capital deployed for acquisitions and proceeds received from the disposal of businesses, and distributions from and contributions to Polaris Acceptance. Net cash used for investing activities of continuing operations increased in 2023 due to an increase in property, equipment and tooling purchases, as well as cash utilized for an acquisition in the current period compared to proceeds received for the disposal of certain businesses in the prior year.

Financing Activities:

The increase in net cash used for financing activities was attributable to decreased net borrowings under debt arrangements. Net repayments totaled $158.2 million in 2023 compared to $257.7 million of net borrowings in 2022. This increase was partially offset by lower share repurchases and increased proceeds from stock issuances under employee plans.

Financing Arrangements:

We are party to an unsecured Master Note Purchase Agreement, as amended and supplemented, under which we have issued senior notes. As of December 31, 2023, outstanding borrowings under the Master Note Purchase Agreement totaled $350.0 million.

We are also party to an unsecured credit facility, which includes a $1.0 billion variable interest rate Revolving Loan Facility that matures in June 2026, under which we have unsecured borrowings. As of December 31, 2023, there were borrowings of $228.2 million outstanding under the Revolving Loan Facility. Our credit facility also includes a Term Loan Facility, on which $780.0 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2023. We are required to make principal payments under the Term Loan Facility totaling $45 million over the next 12 months. Interest is charged at rates based on adjusted Term SOFR for the credit facility. As of December 31, 2023, we had $764.3 million of availability on the Revolving Loan Facility.

In December 2021, we amended the credit facility to provide an unsecured incremental 364-day term loan (the “Incremental Term Loan”) in the amount of $500 million, which was fully drawn on closing. In December 2022, we further amended the unsecured credit facility to extend the maturity date of the Incremental Term Loan to December 15, 2023. The Incremental Term Loan was fully repaid in December 2023 using net proceeds from the Company’s sale of senior notes in a public offering completed in November 2023.

In November 2023, we amended the credit facility to terminate all guarantees provided by our subsidiaries under the credit facility, remove the requirement for our subsidiaries to provide guarantees of the obligations under the credit facility, and remove certain of our subsidiaries as co-borrowers.

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The agreements governing the credit facility and the Master Note Purchase Agreement contain covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, including minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios. The agreements require us to maintain an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00 to 1.00 and a leverage ratio of not more than 3.50 to 1.00 on a rolling four quarter basis.

In November 2023, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 6.950% Senior Notes pursuant to a public offering. We received approximately $492 million pursuant to the notes after deducting the underwriting discount and other fees and expenses. Net proceeds from the notes, along with cash on hand, were used to repay borrowings due in December 2023 under the Incremental Term Loan. The notes bear interest at a rate of 6.950% per year, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears in March and September of each year. The notes mature in March of 2029. The indenture governing the senior notes is subject to customary covenants and make-whole provisions upon early termination.

On July 2, 2018, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated May 29, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Boat Holdings, LLC, a privately held Delaware limited liability company, headquartered in Elkhart, Indiana which manufactures boats (“Boat Holdings”). As a component of the Boat Holdings merger agreement, we have committed to make a series of deferred payments to the former owners through July 2030. The original discounted payable was for $76.7 million, of which $49.4 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants. Our debt to total capital ratio was 57 percent and 65 percent as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, we had letters of credit outstanding of $42.6 million, primarily related to purchase obligations for raw materials.

Share Repurchases:

As of December 31, 2023, our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase up to an additional $1,185.1 million of our common stock. We repurchased a total of 1.6 million shares of our common stock for $178.6 million during 2023, which had a favorable impact on diluted net income from continuing operations per share of 13 cents.

Wholesale Customer Financing Arrangements:

We have arrangements with certain finance companies to provide secured floor plan financing for our dealers. These arrangements provide liquidity by financing dealer purchases of our products without the use of our working capital. A majority of the worldwide sales of snowmobiles, ORVs, motorcycles, boats and related PG&A are financed under similar arrangements whereby we receive payment within a few days of shipment of the product. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding amount financed worldwide by dealers under these arrangements was approximately $2,629.9 million and $1,893.9 million, respectively. We participate in the cost of dealer financing up to certain limits.

Under these arrangements, we have agreed to repurchase products repossessed by these finance companies. As of December 31, 2023, the potential aggregate repurchase obligations were approximately $496.3 million. Our financial exposure under these repurchase agreements is limited to the difference between the amounts unpaid by the dealer with respect to the repossessed product plus costs of repossession and the amount received on the resale of the repossessed product. No material losses have been incurred under these agreements during the periods presented.

Retail Customer Financing Arrangements:

We have agreements with third-party financing companies to provide financing options to end consumers of our products. We have no material contingent liabilities for residual value or credit collection risk under these agreements. During 2023, consumers financed 27 percent of our vehicles sold in the United States through these arrangements. The volume of installment credit contracts written in calendar year 2023 with these institutions was $1,403.1 million, a 28 percent increase from 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

We have adopted various accounting policies to prepare the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Some of those significant accounting policies require us to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments or estimates. An accounting estimate is considered to be critical if it meets both of the following criteria: (i) the estimate requires assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate is made, and (ii) different

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estimates reasonably could have been used, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. The significant accounting policies that management believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following: revenue recognition, sales promotions and incentives, product warranties, product liability, and goodwill and other intangible assets.

Revenue recognition. With respect to wholegood vehicles, boats, and PG&A, revenue is recognized when we transfer control of the product to our customer (primarily dealers and distributors). With respect to services provided by us, revenue is recognized upon completion of the service or over the term of the service agreement in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the obligations over the term of the service period. Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration that we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected from a customer concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. When the right of return exists, we adjust the consideration for the estimated effect of returns. We estimate expected returns based on historical sales levels, the timing and magnitude of historical sales return levels as a percent of sales, type of product, type of customer, and a projection of this experience into the future. We have agreed to repurchase products repossessed by the finance companies up to certain limits. Our financial exposure is limited to the difference between the amount paid to the finance companies and the amount received on the resale of the repossessed product.

Sales promotions and incentives. We accrue for estimated sales promotion and incentive expenses, which are recognized as a component of sales in measuring the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Examples of sales promotion and incentive programs include dealer and consumer rebates, volume incentives, retail financing programs and sales associate incentives. Sales promotion and incentive expenses are estimated based on current programs, planned programs, and historical rates for each product line. We record these amounts as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet until they are ultimately paid. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued sales promotions and incentives were $230.9 million and $127.0 million, respectively. Actual results may differ from these estimates if market conditions dictate the need to enhance or reduce sales promotion and incentive programs or if the customer usage rate varies from historical trends. Adjustments to sales promotion and incentive accruals are made as actual usage becomes known in order to properly estimate the amounts necessary to generate consumer demand based on market conditions as of the balance sheet date.

Product warranties. We typically provide a limited warranty for our vehicles and boats for a period of six months to ten years, depending on the product. We provide longer warranties in certain geographical markets as determined by local regulations and customary practice and may also provide longer warranties related to certain promotional programs. Our standard warranties require us, generally through our dealer network, to repair or replace defective products during such warranty periods. The warranty reserve is established at the time of sale to the dealer or distributor based on management’s best estimate using historical rates and trends. We record these amounts as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet until they are ultimately paid. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the accrued warranty liability was $181.1 million and $172.9 million, respectively. Adjustments to the warranty reserve are made based on actual claims experience in order to properly estimate the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims on products sold as of the balance sheet date. The warranty reserve includes the estimated costs related to recalls, which are accrued when probable and estimable. Factors that could have an impact on the warranty accrual include the following: changes in manufacturing quality, shifts in product mix, changes in warranty coverage periods, impacts on product usage (including weather), product recalls and changes in sales volume. Amounts estimated to be due and payable could differ materially from what will ultimately transpire in the future and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Product liability. We are subject to product liability claims in the normal course of business. In 2012, we began purchasing excess insurance coverage for product liability claims. We self-insure product liability claims before the policy date and up to the purchased insurance coverage after the policy date. The estimated costs resulting from any losses are charged to operating expenses when it is probable a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. There is significant judgment and estimation required in evaluating the possible outcomes and potential losses of product liability matters. We utilize claims experience, historical trends and actuarial analysis, along with an analysis of current claims, to assist in determining the appropriate loss reserve levels. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had accruals of $136.7 million and $107.5 million, respectively, for the probable payment of pending claims related to product liability litigation associated with our products. Adverse determination of material product liability claims made against us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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Goodwill. Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment and is tested for impairment more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We complete our annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the fourth quarter.

We may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. A qualitative assessment requires that we consider events or circumstances including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, changes in management or key personnel, changes in strategy, changes in customers, changes in the composition or carrying amount of a reporting unit’s net assets, and changes in our stock price. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if we elect to bypass the qualitative test and proceed to a quantitative test, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. A quantitative test includes comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, an impairment is recognized in an amount equal to the difference, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Under the quantitative goodwill impairment test, the fair value of each reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis and market approach. Determining the fair value of the reporting units requires the use of significant judgment, including discount rates, assumptions in our long-term business plan about future revenues and expenses, capital expenditures, and changes in working capital, which are dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of long-term growth for each reporting unit, and determination of the discount rate. These plans take into consideration numerous factors including historical experience, anticipated future economic conditions, changes in raw material prices and growth expectations for the industries and end markets in which we participate. These assumptions are determined over a five-year long-term planning period. The five-year growth rates for revenues and EBITDA vary for each reporting unit being evaluated. Revenues and EBITDA beyond five years are projected to grow at a terminal growth rate consistent with industry expectations. Actual results may significantly differ from those used in our valuations. The forecasted future cash flows are discounted using a discount rate developed for each reporting unit. The discount rates were developed using market observable inputs, as well as our assessment of risks inherent in the future cash flows of each respective reporting unit.

In estimating fair value using the market approach, we identify a group of comparable publicly traded companies for each reporting unit that are similar in terms of size and product offering. These groups of comparable companies are used to develop multiples based on total market-based invested capital as a multiple of EBITDA. We determine our estimated values by applying these comparable EBITDA multiples to the operating results of our reporting units. The ultimate fair value of each reporting unit is determined considering the results of both valuation methods. Inputs used to estimate these fair values include significant unobservable inputs that reflect our assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use and, therefore, the fair value assessments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, we completed the annual impairment test. It was determined that goodwill was not impaired as each reporting unit’s fair value exceeded its carrying value. We completed a qualitative assessment for the Off Road and On Road reporting units and elected to perform a quantitative goodwill test for the Marine reporting unit. The difference between the fair value and carrying value of the Marine reporting unit was in excess of 10%.

Other intangible assets. Our primary identifiable intangible assets include: dealer/customer relationships and brand/trade names. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized and those identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment annually or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We complete our annual impairment test for identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives as of the first day of the fourth quarter.

Our identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives include brand/trade names. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the brand/trade name to its carrying value. The fair value is determined using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes the brand/trade name has value to the extent that the owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them. This method requires us to estimate the future revenue for the related brand/trade names, the appropriate royalty rate and the discount rate. Forecasted revenues are derived from our annual budget and long-term business plan and royalty rates are based on brand profitability. The discount rates are

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developed using the market observable inputs used in the development of the reporting unit discount rates, as well as our assessment of risks inherent in the future cash flows of each respective brand/trade name.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, we completed the annual impairment test. It was determined that our indefinite-lived intangible assets were not impaired.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies—New accounting pronouncements.”

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Inflation, Foreign Exchange Rates, and Interest Rates

Inflation:

We are subject to market risk from fluctuating market prices of certain purchased commodities and raw materials, including steel, aluminum, copper, petroleum-based resins, certain rare earth metals and diesel fuel. In addition, we are a purchaser of components and parts containing various commodities, including steel, aluminum, rubber and others, which are integrated into our end products. While such materials are typically available from numerous suppliers, commodity raw materials are subject to price fluctuations. We generally buy these commodities and components based upon market prices that are established with the vendor as part of the purchase process. We enter into commodity hedging contracts in order to manage fluctuating market prices of certain commodities such as steel and diesel fuel. The total impact of commodities had a favorable impact on our gross profit margins for 2023 when compared to 2022. Based on our current outlook for commodity prices, the total impact of commodities is expected to have a favorable impact on our gross profit margins for 2024 when compared to 2023.

Foreign Exchange Rates:

The changing relationships of the U.S. dollar to foreign currencies can have a material impact on our financial results.

Euro: We have operations in the Eurozone through wholly owned subsidiaries and distributors. We also purchase components from certain suppliers directly for our U.S. operations in transactions denominated in Euros. Fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate impacts sales, cost of sales, and net income.

Canadian Dollar: We operate in Canada through a wholly owned subsidiary. The relationship of the U.S. dollar in relation to the Canadian dollar impacts both sales and net income.

Other currencies: We operate in various countries, principally in Europe, Mexico and Australia, through wholly owned subsidiaries. We also sell to certain distributors in other countries and purchase components from certain suppliers directly for our U.S. operations in transactions denominated in these foreign currencies. The relationship of the U.S. dollar in relation to these other currencies impacts sales, cost of sales and net income.

Foreign exchange risk can be quantified by performing a sensitivity analysis assuming a hypothetical change in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to other currencies in which we transact. We are most exposed to the Euro and Canadian dollar. All other things being equal, at current annual volumes, a hypothetical 10 percent fluctuation of the U.S. dollar compared to the Euro impacts annual operating income by approximately $21 million and a hypothetical 10 percent fluctuation of the U.S. dollar compared to the Canadian Dollar impacts annual operating income by approximately $47 million.

We actively manage our exposure to fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates by entering into foreign exchange hedging contracts. A portion of our foreign currency exposure is mitigated with the following open foreign currency hedging contracts as of December 31, 2023:

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Foreign Currency Foreign currency hedging contracts

Australian Dollar Long $ 25.6 $0.66 to 1 AUD

Canadian Dollar Long $ 196.7 $0.74 to 1 CAD

Mexican Peso Short $ 28.0 20 Peso to $1

In 2023, after consideration of the existing foreign currency hedging contracts, foreign currencies had a negative impact on net income compared to 2022. We expect currencies to have a negative impact on net income in 2024 compared to 2023.

The assets and liabilities in all of our international entities are translated at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net in the shareholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheets. Revenues and expenses in all of our international entities are translated at the average foreign exchange rate in effect for each month of the year. Certain assets and liabilities related to intercompany positions reported on our consolidated balance sheets that are denominated in a currency other than the entity’s functional currency are translated at the foreign exchange rates at the balance sheet date and the associated gains and losses are included in net income.

Interest Rates:

We are a party to an unsecured credit facility with various lenders consisting of a $1.0 billion revolving loan facility and a $1.2 billion term loan facility. Interest accrues on the revolving loan and term loans at variable rates based on adjusted Term SOFR plus the applicable add-on percentage as defined. As of December 31, 2023, there was $228.2 million outstanding on the revolving loan and $780.0 million outstanding on the term loan. We enter into interest rate swaps in order to maintain a balanced risk of fixed and variable interest rates associated with our debt. Based on the unhedged variable-rate debt included in our debt portfolio as of December 31, 2023, a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would increase or decrease interest expense by approximately $6 million.

Borrowings pursuant to our private senior notes and public senior notes bear interest at fixed rates. We are subject to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate borrowings as a result of potential changes in prevailing interest rates. Changes in the fair value of fixed-rate borrowings have no impact on the amount of interest incurred, cash flows or our financial position.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 39

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 43

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 48

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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting of the Company. This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this evaluation, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—2013 Integrated Framework. Based on management’s evaluation and those criteria, management concluded that the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

Management’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the following page, in which they expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/S/ MICHAEL T. SPEETZEN

Michael T. Speetzen

Chief Executive Officer

/S/ ROBERT P. MACK

Robert P. Mack

Chief Financial Officer

February 16, 2024

Further discussion of our internal controls and procedures is included in Item 9A of this report, under the caption “Controls and Procedures.”

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Polaris Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Polaris Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Polaris Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a), and our report dated February 16, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota

February 16, 2024

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Polaris Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Polaris Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 16, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.

Product Liability

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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

Minneapolis, Minnesota

February 16, 2024

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POLARIS INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except per share data)

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 367.8 $ 324.5

Income taxes receivable 9.0 20.3

Investment in finance affiliate 141.1 93.1

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net 906.4 910.6

Liabilities and Equity

Current liabilities:

Current financing obligations $ 54.0 $ 553.6

Other current liabilities 43.1 30.6

Deferred compensation $ 10.3 $ 12.6

Shareholders’ equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net (57.5) (87.5)

Noncontrolling interest 2.4 2.5

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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POLARIS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In millions, except per share data)

For the Years Ended December 31,

Operating expenses:

Non-operating expense:

Other (income) expense, net (44.5) (28.6) 2.3

Loss on sale of businesses — — 36.8

Income from continuing operations before income taxes 620.4 761.4 628.7

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax — (13.2) (2.3)

Loss from sale of discontinued operations, net of tax — (142.6) —

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest 0.1 (0.5) (0.4)

Net income attributable to Polaris Inc. $ 502.8 $ 447.1 $ 493.9

Amounts attributable to Polaris Inc. common shareholders:

Net income from continuing operations $ 502.7 $ 603.4 $ 496.6

Less net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest 0.1 (0.5) (0.4)

Net income attributable to Polaris Inc. $ 502.8 $ 447.1 $ 493.9

Net income (loss) per share attributable to Polaris Inc. common shareholders:

Basic

Discontinued operations $ — $ (2.63) $ (0.04)

Diluted

Discontinued operations $ — $ (2.60) $ (0.04)

Weighted average shares outstanding:

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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POLARIS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions)

For the Years Ended December 31,

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Foreign currency translation adjustments 32.2 (25.3) (30.4)

Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments (8.8) 14.9 11.1

Retirement plan and other activity 6.6 0.3 0.3

Comprehensive income attributable to Polaris Inc. $ 532.8 $ 437.0 $ 474.9

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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POLARIS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(In millions, except per share data)

Employee stock compensation 0.5 — 62.7 — — — 62.7

Deferred compensation — — 1.3 (0.2) — — 1.1

Proceeds from stock issuances under employee plans 1.8 — 156.1 — — — 156.1

Cash dividends paid (1) — — — (153.4) — — (153.4)

Repurchase and retirement of common shares (3.8) — (60.2) (401.4) — — (461.6)

Contributions — — — — — 1.3 1.3

Other comprehensive loss — — — — (19.0) — (19.0)

Employee stock compensation 0.6 — 60.0 — — — 60.0

Deferred compensation — — (2.5) 1.1 — — (1.4)

Proceeds from stock issuances under employee plans 0.4 — 34.1 — — — 34.1

Cash dividends paid (1) — — — (150.0) — — (150.0)

Repurchase and retirement of common shares (4.4) — (83.3) (421.7) — — (505.0)

Other comprehensive loss — — — — (10.1) — (10.1)

Employee stock compensation 0.6 — 57.4 — — — 57.4

Deferred compensation — — 1.6 0.7 — — 2.3

Proceeds from stock issuances under employee plans 0.5 — 52.8 — — — 52.8

Cash dividends paid (1) — — — (147.3) — — (147.3)

Repurchase and retirement of common shares (1.6) — (32.1) (146.5) — — (178.6)

Other comprehensive income — — — — 30.0 — 30.0

(1) Polaris Inc. declared and paid cash dividends of $2.60, $2.56, and $2.52 per share for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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POLARIS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

For the Years Ended December 31,

Operating Activities:

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax — 13.2 2.3

Loss from sale of discontinued operations, net of tax — 142.6 —

Noncash income from financial services (41.5) (15.1) (7.7)

Loss on sale of businesses, net — — 34.8

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Income taxes payable/receivable 18.6 18.4 (3.8)

Prepaid expenses and other, net (20.1) (7.6) (13.0)

Investing Activities:

Investments in finance affiliate (43.5) (59.3) (42.2)

Distributions from finance affiliate 37.0 30.6 60.0

Investments in other affiliates (20.2) (26.2) (23.4)

Acquisitions and disposals of businesses, net of cash acquired (22.7) 42.2 —

Net cash used for investing activities of discontinued operations — (5.3) (15.5)

Net cash used for investing activities (462.0) (324.6) (303.9)

Financing Activities:

Repurchase and retirement of common shares (178.6) (505.0) (461.6)

Proceeds from stock issuances under employee plans 52.8 34.1 156.1

Net cash used for financing activities (431.3) (363.2) (107.6)

Impact of currency exchange rates on cash balances 10.7 (10.2) (10.6)

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

Interest paid on debt borrowings $ 120.6 $ 71.2 $ 44.8

Current assets held for sale — — 6.9

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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POLARIS INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1.Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Polaris Inc. (“Polaris” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries are engaged in the design, engineering, manufacturing and marketing of powersports vehicles, which include: off-road vehicles (“ORV”), including all-terrain vehicles (“ATV”) and side-by-side vehicles; military and commercial ORVs; snowmobiles; motorcycles; moto-roadsters; quadricycles; boats; and related Parts, Garments and Accessories (“PG&A”), which includes aftermarket accessories and apparel. Polaris products are sold worldwide online and through a network of independent dealers and distributors. The primary markets for the Company’s products are the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia and Mexico.

Basis of presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Polaris and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Income from financial services is reported as a component of operating income to better reflect income from ongoing operations, of which financial services has a significant impact.

The Company evaluates consolidation of entities under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 810. This Topic requires management to evaluate whether an entity or interest is a variable interest entity and whether the company is the primary beneficiary. The Company used the guidelines to analyze the Company’s relationships and concluded that there were no variable interest entities requiring consolidation by the Company.

In August 2023, the Company acquired the Walker Evans Racing brand and the operating assets of Walker Evans Enterprises (collectively, “Walker Evans”). Walker Evans was historically a supplier to the Company, providing shocks for the Company’s ORVs and snowmobiles. The Company has included the financial results of Walker Evans in its Off Road segment since the date of acquisition. Additional purchase accounting disclosures have been omitted due to the immateriality of this acquisition in relation to the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Use of estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair value measurements. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified using the following hierarchy, which is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation as of the measurement date:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In making fair value measurements, observable market data must be used when available. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its non-qualified deferred compensation assets and liabilities, and the income approach for foreign currency contracts, interest rate contracts and commodity contracts. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities, and for the income approach, the Company uses significant other observable inputs to value its derivative instruments used to hedge foreign currency, interest rate transactions and commodity transactions.

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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in millions):

Assets

Non-qualified deferred compensation assets Level 1 $ 46.7 $ 39.8

Foreign exchange contracts, net Level 2 4.6 8.4

Interest rate contracts, net Level 2 0.9 5.9

Liabilities

Non-qualified deferred compensation liabilities Level 1 $ (46.7) $ (39.8)

Commodity contracts, net Level 2 (1.3) —

Fair value of other financial instruments. The carrying values of the Company’s short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable and current financing obligations, approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s current and long-term financing obligations was approximately $1,954.3 million and $2,070.3 million, respectively, and was determined using Level 2 inputs by discounting projected cash flows based on quoted market rates at which similar amounts of debt could currently be borrowed. The carrying value of current and long-term financing obligations was $1,908.4 million and $2,057.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company will impair or write off an investment and recognize a loss when events or circumstances indicate there is impairment in the investment that is other-than-temporary. The amount of loss is determined by measuring the investment at fair value. Refer to Note 12 for additional information.

Cash equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. Such investments consist principally of money market mutual funds.

Restricted cash. The Company classifies amounts of cash that are restricted in terms of their use and withdrawal separately within other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s restricted cash is comprised primarily of cash held in trust accounts not available for general use due to contractual restrictions.

Allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s exposure to credit losses on accounts receivable is limited due to its agreements with certain finance companies. For receivables not serviced through these finance companies, the Company establishes a reserve for doubtful accounts based on historical credit loss experience, the age of receivables, credit quality of our customers, current and expected economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers.

Inventories. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs, including depreciation expense associated with the manufacture and distribution of the Company’s products. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with substantially all inventories recorded using the first-in, first-out method. Finished goods include products that are completed and ready for sale or substantially completed as the product has gone through the primary manufacturing and assembly process.

Investment in finance affiliate. The caption investment in finance affiliate in the consolidated balance sheets represents the Company’s 50 percent equity interest in Polaris Acceptance, which is accounted for under the equity method. The Company’s allocable share of the income of Polaris Acceptance has been included as a component of income from financial services in the consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 11 for additional information.

Investment in other affiliates. The Company’s investments in other affiliates are included within other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets, and represent the Company’s strategic investments in nonmarketable securities of other companies. For each investment, the Company assesses the level of influence in determining whether to account for the investment under the cost method or equity method. The Company will write down or write off an investment and recognize a loss if and when events or circumstances indicate there is impairment in the investment that is other-than-temporary. Refer to Note 12 for additional information.

Property and equipment. Property and equipment is stated at historical cost. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the respective assets, ranging from 10-40 years for buildings and

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improvements and 1-7 years for equipment and tooling. Depreciation of assets recorded under finance leases is included within depreciation expense. Fully-depreciated tooling is eliminated from the accounting records annually. The Company recorded $241.2 million, $214.0 million, and $193.4 million of depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. A majority of the Company’s property and equipment is located in North America.

Goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment and is tested for impairment more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The Company completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the fourth quarter.

The Company may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. A qualitative assessment requires that the Company considers events or circumstances including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, changes in management or key personnel, changes in strategy, changes in customers, changes in the composition or carrying amount of a reporting unit’s net assets, and changes in the Company’s stock price. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative test and proceed to a quantitative test, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. A quantitative test includes comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, an impairment is recognized in an amount equal to the difference, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

For its annual test in 2023, the Company completed a qualitative assessment for the Off Road and On Road reporting units and elected to perform a quantitative goodwill test for the Marine reporting unit.

The Company’s primary identifiable intangible assets include: dealer/customer relationships and brand/trade names. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized and those identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment annually or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The Company’s identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives include brand/trade names. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the brand/trade name with its carrying value. The Company completes its annual impairment test as of the first day of the fourth quarter each year for identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives.

Refer to Note 8 for additional information on goodwill and other intangible assets.

Revenue recognition. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred. Sales, value add, and other taxes that are collected from a customer concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Revenue from goods and services transferred to customers at a point-in-time accounts for the majority of the Company’s revenue. Revenue from products or services transferred over time is discussed in the contract liabilities section of Note 3.

For the majority of wholegood vehicles, boats, and PG&A, the Company transfers control and recognizes a sale when it ships the product from its manufacturing facility, distribution center, or vehicle holding center to the customer. The amount of consideration the Company receives and revenue it recognizes varies with changes in marketing incentives and rebates it offers to its customers. Payment terms vary by customer and most of the Company’s sales are financed by the customer under floorplan financing arrangements whereby the Company receives payment within a few days of shipment of the product.

When the right of return exists, the Company adjusts the consideration for the estimated effect of returns. The Company estimates expected returns based on historical sales levels, the timing and magnitude of historical sales return levels as a

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percent of sales, type of product, type of customer, and a projection of this experience into the future. The Company adjusts its estimate of revenue at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration it expects to receive changes or when the consideration becomes fixed.

Depending on the terms of the arrangement, the Company may also defer the recognition of a portion of the consideration received because it has to satisfy a future obligation. The Company uses an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations. The Company has elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over vehicles, boats, or PG&A has transferred to the customer as an expense in cost of sales.

The Company sells separately-priced service contracts (“ESCs”) that extend mechanical coverages beyond the base limited warranty as well as prepaid maintenance agreements to vehicle owners. Each of these separately priced service contracts range from 12 months to 84 months. The Company typically receives payment at the inception of the contract and recognizes revenue over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.

Sales promotions and incentives. The Company accrues for estimated sales promotion and incentive expenses, which are recognized as a component of sales in measuring the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Examples of sales promotion and incentive programs include dealer and consumer rebates, volume incentives, retail financing programs and sales associate incentives. Sales promotion and incentive expenses are estimated based on current programs, planned programs, and historical rates for each product line. The Company records these amounts as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet until they are ultimately paid. Adjustments to sales promotions and incentives accruals are made as actual usage becomes known in order to properly estimate the amounts necessary to generate consumer demand based on market conditions as of the balance sheet date.

Dealer holdback programs. Dealer holdback represents a portion of the invoiced sales price that is expected to be subsequently returned to the dealer or distributor as a sales incentive upon the ultimate retail sale of the product. Holdback amounts reduce the ultimate net price of the products purchased by the Company’s dealers or distributors and, therefore, reduce the amount of sales the Company recognizes. The portion of the invoiced sales price estimated as the holdback is recognized as a “dealer holdback” liability within accrued expenses on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet until paid or forfeited. The minimal holdback adjustments in the estimated holdback liability due to forfeitures are recognized in net sales. Payments are made to dealers or distributors at various times during the year subject to previously established criteria.

Shipping and handling costs. The Company records shipping and handling costs as a component of cost of sales when control has transferred to the customer.

Research and development expenses. The Company records research and development expenses in the period in which they are incurred as a component of operating expenses.

Advertising expenses. The Company records advertising expenses as a component of selling and marketing expenses in the period in which they are incurred. In the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred $94.1 million, $87.6 million and $90.8 million of advertising expenses, respectively.

PII US Equity

PII · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Item 2. Properties

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

PII US Equity☆

PII · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Item 2. Properties

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

PII US Equity