PGNY US Equity☆

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A discussion of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 has been reported previously in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 (File No. 001-39100) under the heading “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.”

Executive Overview

We are a benefits management company specializing in fertility, family building, and women's health benefits solutions in the United States. For further information on our business and strategy, see Part I, Item 1. "Business" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Model

Fertility Benefits Solution. Our fertility benefits solution includes providing members with access to effective and cost-efficient fertility treatments through our Smart Cycle plan design. Smart Cycles are proprietary treatment bundles designed by us to include those medical services available to our members through our selective network of high-quality fertility specialists. Medical services under our Smart Cycles include everything needed for a comprehensive fertility treatment cycle, including all necessary diagnostic testing and access to the latest technology (such as, in the case of in vitro fertilization, or IVF, preimplantation genetic testing). We currently offer 20 different Smart Cycle treatment bundles, which may be used in various combinations depending on the member’s need. Each Smart Cycle treatment bundle has a separate unit value (i.e., some have fractional values and some have whole values). Our clients contract to purchase a cumulative Smart Cycle unit value per eligible member. These can range from one to an unlimited unit value. Members, in consultation with their Patient Care Advocates, or PCAs, can choose their preferred provider clinics within our network and utilize the specific Smart Cycle treatment bundles necessary for the treatment pathway they determine throughout their fertility journey.

In addition, we provide care management services as part of our fertility benefits solution, which include active management of our selective network of high-quality fertility specialists, real-time member eligibility and treatment authorization, member-facing digital solutions, detailed quarterly reporting for our clients supported by our dedicated client success teams and end-to-end comprehensive concierge member support provided by our in-house staff of PCAs. Clients can also add adoption and surrogacy reimbursement programs as part of this solution.

Pharmacy Benefits Solution. Progyny Rx can only be purchased by clients that purchase our fertility benefits solution. Progyny Rx provides our members with access to the medications needed during their fertility treatment. As part of this solution, we provide care management services, which include our formulary plan design, simplified authorization, assistance with prescription fulfillment and timely delivery of the medications by our network of specialty pharmacies, as well as medication administration training, pharmacy support services and continuing PCA support.

Our clients primarily contract with us to provide our fertility benefits solution and, where added on by our clients, our Progyny Rx solution. Our revenue has both a utilization-based component and a population-based component, as follows:

•Utilization Component. Clients pay us for the fertility benefits and Progyny Rx solutions utilized by their employees. With respect to the fertility benefits solution, we bill clients for Smart Cycles in accordance with our bundled case rates, which vary by the type of fertility service rendered and clinic location. Case rates include all third-party fertility specialists, anesthesiology and laboratory services, as well as all of our care management services. With respect to Progyny Rx, we bill the client for the fertility medication dispensed to their employees in connection with the authorized fertility treatments. Medication fees also include our

48

Table ofContents

formulary management, drug utilization review and cost containment services and other care management services.

•Population-Based Component. Clients who purchase our fertility benefits solution also typically pay us a per employee per month fee, or PEPM fee, which is population-based. This allows us to provide access to our PCAs for fertility and family building education and guidance and other digital tools to all of our members, regardless of whether they ultimately pursue fertility treatment. PEPM fees represented 1% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our revenue in a given year is determined by the utilization, including rate of consumption and mix, of our fertility benefits and Progyny Rx solutions by our members as well as the number of members enrolled in our clients’ benefits plans. Each year, we contract with new clients for our fertility benefits solution and, where added by the client, our Progyny Rx solution. Given that the majority of our clients contract with us for a January 1st benefits plan start date, our sales cycle follows the conventional healthcare benefits cycle, which largely concludes by the end of October of the prior year to allow for benefits education and annual open enrollment to occur in November. For some clients that are considering a start date later in the year, the sales cycle can extend through the next year.

Similarly, for existing clients, any changes in plan designs are typically elected by the end of October so that clients can inform their employees of the benefits during the open enrollment period ahead of a January 1st plan year start.

Key Operational and Business Metrics

In addition to the measures presented in our consolidated financial statements, we use the following key operational and business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, develop financial forecasts, and make strategic decisions.

Member and Client Base. Our addressable market is primarily large self-insured employers, as well as labor populations under the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (also known as the Taft-Hartley Act) and federal government populations. There are approximately 8,000 employers in the United States who have a minimum of 1,000 employees, who together with Taft-Hartley labor populations and federal government populations, represents approximately 106 million potential covered lives in total. Our current member base of approximately 6.7 million covered lives under contract represents a mid-single digit percent of our total market opportunity. We intend to continue to drive new client acquisition by investing significantly in sales and marketing to engage, educate and drive awareness of the unmet need around fertility solutions among benefits executives. We also increase brand awareness and adoption with employers by leveraging our strong relationships with benefits consultants. In particular, we are focused on expanding the number of clients with more than 2,500 covered lives. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we served 473 and 392 clients, representing 6,472,000 and 5,418,000 members, respectively.

Importantly, as we have continued to grow, we have meaningfully diversified our client base across more than 40 different industries currently from just two industries when we launched our fertility benefits solution in 2016. We are expanding our client base within each industry and have an industry-specific strategy that enables us to most effectively target our addressable market. Because our clients within an industry compete with each other for employees, we believe our solutions are increasingly viewed as an important way for them to differentiate from, or remain competitive with, one another. Additionally, we believe that our expanding presence has resulted in a heightened awareness of the need to offer fertility benefits and has informed the market of the value we provide to our clients and our members, which we believe also helps facilitate growth. In addition, we are continuously utilizing our established client relationships to evaluate other potential fertility solutions that could benefit our members and simultaneously drive growth. Our ability to attract new clients will depend on a number of factors, including the effectiveness and pricing of our solutions, offerings of our competitors, the effectiveness of our marketing efforts to drive awareness and the demand for fertility benefits solutions overall. We define a client as an organization for which we have an active contract in the period indicated. We count each organization we contract with as a single client including divisions, segments or subsidiaries of larger organizations to the extent we contract separately with them.

49

Table ofContents

As of December 31,

Client Tier (Members) Clients Members Clients Members

Benefits Utilization. A key driver of our revenue is the number of members we serve and the rate at which they utilize their fertility benefits. As our client base has grown, our membership has grown from approximately 110,000 members in 2016 when we launched our fertility benefits solution to 6.5 million members as of December 31, 2024.

The following table highlights the number of ART cycles performed for Progyny members and the member utilization rates for each of the periods presented.

Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,

(1)Represents the number of ART cycles performed, including IVF with a fresh embryo transfer, IVF freeze all cycles/embryo banking, frozen embryo transfers and egg freezing.

(2)Represents the member utilization rate for all services, including but not limited to, ART cycles, initial consultations, IUIs and genetic testing. The utilization rate for all members includes all unique members (female and male) who utilize the benefit during that period while the utilization rate for female only includes only unique females who utilize the benefit during that period. For the purposes of calculating utilization rates in any given period, the results reflect the number of unique members utilizing the benefit for that period. Individual periods cannot be combined as member treatments may span multiple periods.

(3)Includes approximately 300,000 members from a single client who are not reflected in utilization as a result of the client's chosen benefit design.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Revenue includes fertility benefits solution revenue, pharmacy benefits solution revenue and PEPM fees.

Fertility Benefits Solution Revenue

Fertility benefits solution revenue primarily represents utilization of our fertility benefits solution. Our client contracts are typically for a three-year term and pricing for this solution is established for each Smart Cycle treatment bundle, based in part on when the client first became a client and the number of members covered under the solution. Fertility benefits solution revenue includes amounts we receive directly from members, including deductibles, co-insurance and co-payments associated with the treatments under the fertility benefits solution. Revenue is recognized based on the negotiated price with our clients and includes the portion to be paid directly by the member. Revenue is recognized when Smart Cycle services are completed for a member. Revenue is also accrued for authorized Smart Cycle services rendered based on member appointments scheduled with a fertility specialist in our network but for which no claim has yet been reported, net of expected changes and cancellations of services.

50

Table ofContents

Pharmacy Benefits Solution Revenue

Pharmacy benefits solution revenue primarily represents utilization of Progyny Rx. For clients who contract for the fertility benefits solution, we offer an add-on, separate, fully integrated pharmacy benefits solution designed by us. Progyny Rx provides our members with access to our formulary plan design, simplified authorization, prescription fulfillment and timely delivery of the medications used during treatment through our network of specialty pharmacies, as well as provides our members with medication administration training and other pharmacy support services. Prescription drugs are dispensed by our contracted mail order specialty pharmacies. Revenue related to the dispensing of prescription drugs by the specialty pharmacies in our network includes the prescription fees negotiated with our clients, including the portion that we collect directly from members (deductibles, co-insurance and co-payments). The contractual fees agreed to with our clients are inclusive of the cost of the prescription drug from our specialty providers, less any applicable discounts (or rebates), as well as the related clinical and care management services. Revenue from these arrangements is recognized when the drugs are dispensed. This solution was introduced in the marketplace in the third quarter of 2017 and went live with a select number of clients on January 1, 2018.

Per Employee Per Month (PEPM) Fee

Clients who purchase our fertility benefits solution also pay us a population based PEPM fee which provides access to our PCAs for fertility and family building education and guidance and other digital tools for all of our covered members, regardless of whether or not they ultimately pursue fertility treatment. We earn a PEPM fee for the majority of our clients. Revenue from the PEPM fee is billed and recognized monthly based upon the contractual fee and the number of employees at that specific client for that month.

Cost of Services

Our cost of services has three primary components: (1) fertility benefits services; (2) pharmacy benefits services; and (3) vendor rebates.

Fertility Benefits Services

Fertility benefits services costs include: (1) fees paid to provider clinics within our network, labs and anesthesiologists; (2) costs incurred (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation expense, other related costs, and an allocation of our general overhead, depreciation and amortization) for those employees associated with our care management service functions: Provider Account Management, PCA, Provider Relations and Claims Processing teams; and (3) related information technology support costs. Our contracts with provider clinics are typically for a term of one to two years.

Pharmacy Benefits Services

Pharmacy benefits services costs include: (1) the fees for prescription drugs dispensed and clinical services provided during the reporting period by our specialty pharmacy partners; (2) costs incurred (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation expense, other related costs, and an allocation of our general overhead, depreciation and amortization) for those employees associated with our care management service functions: PCA, Provider Relations and Claims Processing teams; and (3) related information technology support costs. Contracts with the specialty pharmacies are typically for a term of one year.

Vendor Rebates

We receive a rebate on certain medications purchased by our specialty pharmacies. Our contractual arrangements with pharmacy program partners provide for us to receive a rebate from established list prices, which is paid subsequent to dispensing. These rebates are recorded as a reduction to cost of services when prescriptions are dispensed.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit is total revenue less total cost of services. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of total revenue. We expect that gross profit and gross margin will continue to be affected by various factors including the geographic location where treatments are performed, as well as pricing with each of our clients, provider clinics, labs, specialty pharmacies and pharmaceutical companies, all of which are negotiated separately, have different contracting start and end dates and durations which are not coterminous with each other. Additionally, staffing levels and the related

51

Table ofContents

personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, and other costs necessary to deliver our care management services will continue to grow as we continue to add clients and their associated members.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses.

Sales and Marketing Expense

Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of employee related costs, including salaries, bonuses, commissions, benefits, stock-based compensation expense, other related costs, and an allocation of our general overhead, depreciation and amortization for those employees associated with sales and marketing. These expenses also include third-party consulting services, advertising, marketing, promotional events, and brand awareness activities. We expect sales and marketing expense to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest and grow our business.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of employee related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation expense, other related costs, and an allocation of our general overhead, depreciation and amortization for those employees associated with general and administrative services such as executive, legal, human resources, information technology, accounting, and finance. These expenses also include third-party consulting services and facilities costs. We anticipate that we will incur additional general and administrative expenses on an ongoing basis to support the growth of our business.

Interest and other income, net

Interest and other income, net primarily includes interest income and expense, as well as investment income and losses.

Provision for Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and in certain foreign jurisdictions. Income tax expense consists of taxes currently payable and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities calculated according to local tax rules. Deferred income taxes are recorded for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts recognized for income tax purposes. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. We believe there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that substantially all the net deferred tax assets are realizable.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented and as a percentage of revenue for those periods:

52

Table ofContents

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

Operating expenses:

(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

(2)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net income, adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, interest and other income, net, and provision for income taxes. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measure – Adjusted EBITDA" below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

53

Table ofContents

Year Ended December 31,

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data, as a percentage of revenue:

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing 5.5 % 5.5 %

General and administrative 10.4 % 10.8 %

Total operating expenses 15.9 % 16.2 %

Income from operations 5.8 % 5.7 %

Interest and other income, net 1.3 % 0.8 %

Income before income taxes 7.1 % 6.5 %

Provision for income taxes 2.5 % 0.8 %

Net income 4.6 % 5.7 %

Note: percentages shown in the table may not foot due to rounding.

Non-GAAP Financial Measure – Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA, when taken together with our U.S. GAAP financial results, provides meaningful supplemental information regarding our operating performance and facilitates internal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our business, results of operations or outlook. In particular, we believe that the use of Adjusted EBITDA is helpful to our investors as it is a measure used by management in assessing the health of our business, determining incentive compensation, evaluating our operating performance, and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.

Adjusted EBITDA is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Some of the limitations of Adjusted EBITDA include: (1) it does not properly reflect capital commitments to be paid in the future; (2) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the underlying assets may need to be replaced and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect these capital expenditures; (3) it does not consider the impact of stock-based compensation expense; (4) it does not reflect other non-operating income and expenses, including interest and other income, net; and (5) it does not reflect tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us. In addition, our Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies because they may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner as we calculate the measure, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, when evaluating our performance, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including our net income, gross margin, and other U.S. GAAP results.

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income, adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, interest and other income, net, and provision for income taxes. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, for each of the periods indicated:

54

Table ofContents

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Add:

Depreciation and amortization 3,175 2,281

Interest and other income, net (15,747) (8,507)

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Revenue

Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

Revenue increased by $78.6 million, or 7%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. This increase is primarily due to a $53.2 million, or 8% increase, in revenue from our fertility benefits solution and a $25.4 million or 6% increase in revenue from our Progyny Rx solution. The increase in revenue from our fertility benefits solution and Progyny Rx solution were primarily due to the increase in the number of clients and covered lives.

Cost of Services

Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

Cost of services increased by $64.1 million, or 8%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to an increase in medical treatment and pharmacy prescription costs associated with fertility treatments delivered. This increase in cost of services was also attributable to an increase in personnel-related costs primarily due to incremental headcount as well as an $2.3 million increase in stock-based compensation expense.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

Gross profit increased by $14.6 million, or 6%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

55

Table ofContents

Gross margin decreased 20 basis points for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to an increase in personnel-related costs in the delivery of our care management services.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing Expense

Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

Sales and marketing expense increased by $4.5 million, or 7%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily due to a $3.5 million increase in personnel-related costs attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation expense, as well as a $1.0 million increase in other related sales and marketing expenses.

General and Administrative Expense

Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

General and administrative expense increased by $4.8 million, or 4%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily due to a $6.0 million increase in personnel-related costs attributable to incremental head count, and a $2.3 million increase in other related general and administrative expenses, partially offset by a $3.5 million decrease in bad debt expense.

Interest and Other Income, Net

Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

Interest and other income, net increased by $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to increases in investment and interest income.

Provision for Income Taxes

Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $28.9 million, as compared to a provision for income taxes of $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to a higher operating profit as well as a decrease in tax benefits for equity compensation.

56

Table ofContents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2024, we had $162.3 million of cash and cash equivalents and $65.6 million of marketable securities. We have financed our operations primarily through sales of our solutions and the net proceeds we have received from sales of equity securities. Our cash and cash equivalents and working capital are affected by the timing of payments to third party providers and collections from clients and have increased as our revenue has increased. In particular, during the ramp up and onboarding of new clients who typically begin their benefits plan year as of January 1st, our accounts receivable has historically increased more than our accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the early part of each calendar year. Historically, these timing impacts have reversed throughout the remainder of the fiscal year. Accordingly, our working capital, and its impact on cash flow from operations, can fluctuate materially from period to period.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, including the proceeds from our marketable securities, and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. We also expect these sources of existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our long-term contractual obligations and capital needs. However, this is subject, to a certain extent, to general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory, and other factors that are beyond our control. Moreover, our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including sales of our solutions and client renewals, the timing and the amount of cash received from clients, the amount of capital investment necessary to support our benefits offerings and growth strategy, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities and the continuing market adoption of our solutions. In addition, we may enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, and technologies.

We may, in the future, be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in continued innovation, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, operations and financial condition.

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operations for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Cash provided by (used in) investing activities 195,792 (200,525)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents $ 1 $ 1

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 65,018 $ (22,782)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $179.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily consisting of net income of $54.3 million adjusted for certain non-cash items, which included $128.1 million of stock-based compensation expense, $16.4 million of bad debt expense, $10.5 million of deferred tax benefit, $3.2 million of depreciation and amortization, $2.1 million of net accretion of discounts on marketable securities, and $1.4 million loss on disposal of property and equipment. Changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted in cash used in operating activities from a decrease in accounts payable of $30.3 million, and an increase in accounts receivable of $9.9 million, partially offset by cash provided by operating activities from increases in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $9.9 million and other noncurrent assets and liabilities of $0.4 million, and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $18.0 million. These changes are a result of the impact of revenue growth and our operating results as well as the timing of cash collections and payments to third parties, including $40.4 million of cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $188.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily consisting of net income of $62.0 million adjusted for certain non-cash items, which included $122.6 million of stock-based compensation expense, $19.9 million of bad debt expense, $3.7 million of deferred tax expense, and $2.3 million of depreciation and amortization. Changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted in cash used in operating activities from an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $22.9 million and accounts receivable of $21.7 million, partially

57

Table ofContents

offset by cash provided by operating activities from increases in accounts payable of $16.2 million, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $10.4 million and other noncurrent assets and liabilities of $0.6 million. These changes are a result of the impact of revenue growth and our operating results as well as new agreements with our pharmacy program partners, which include more favorable payment receipt terms and resulted in an additional receipt in the year ended December 31, 2023, and the timing of cash collections and payments to third parties, including a $20.0 million prepayment on the dispensing of certain medications from one of our pharmacy program partners in the year ended December 31, 2023.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $195.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which primarily consisted of net sales in marketable securities of $206.5 million, partially offset by $5.3 million used in a business acquisition, net of cash acquired. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $200.5 million, which primarily consisted of net investments in marketable securities of $196.9 million. The remainder of the activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted of purchases of computers, software, including capitalized software development costs, and furniture and fixtures. Our capital investments, including investments in technology and the development of software, are expected to increase over the next 12 months as we continue to invest in our benefits offerings and growth strategy.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $309.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, consisting of $300.3 million of repurchases of common stock under the 2024 Share Repurchase Programs, inclusive of $0.4 million in trading fees and payments of $12.0 million for employee taxes related to the net settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $1.1 million in proceeds from stock option exercises and $1.3 million in proceeds from contributions to our employee stock purchase plan.

Net cash used in financing activities was $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, consisting of payments of $17.2 million for employee taxes related to the net settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $4.9 million in proceeds from stock option exercises and $1.3 million in proceeds from contributions to our employee stock purchase plan.

Share Repurchase Programs

In February 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100 million in shares of common stock. In May 2024, our Board of Directors authorized an additional share repurchase program of up to $100 million in shares of common stock. In August 2024, our Board of Directors authorized an additional share repurchase program of up to $100 million in shares of common stock.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased a total of 12,382,193 shares of common stock under the 2024 Share Repurchase Programs at an average price per share of $24.22 and a total cost of $300.3 million, inclusive of $0.4 million in trading fees. In addition, the Company recognized $2.6 million of excise taxes related to the share repurchases. As of the year ended December 31, 2024, the share repurchase programs were completed, and no amounts remained available for repurchase under the programs.

Operating Lease Commitments

In September 2019, we commenced a sublease agreement for our corporate offices in New York, New York. The sublease is for a 25,212 square foot office and will expire in May 2029. Pursuant to the sublease, we will pay the base rent of approximately $1.3 million per year through the end of the fifth lease year and approximately $1.4 million per year thereafter through the expiration date.

In February 2022, we entered into a lease agreement commencing in February 2023 for additional space in our corporate offices in New York, New York, consisting of a 24,099 square foot office and a 21,262 square foot office, and also for continued occupancy of the 25,212 square foot office after the expiration of the current sublease. For the 24,099 square foot office, we pay base rent of approximately $1.4 million per year through the end of the fifth year and approximately $1.5 million per year thereafter through the second quarter of 2036, the expected expiration date. For the 21,262 square foot office, we will pay the base rent of approximately $1.3 million starting in the second quarter of 2026 for five years and approximately $1.4 million per year thereafter through the second quarter of 2036, the expected expiration date. For our current 25,212 square foot office, we will pay the base rent of approximately $1.6 million per year beginning in June 2029, which is the lease commencement date, through the second quarter of 2036, the expected expiration date.

58

Table ofContents

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and our actual results, our future financial statements will be affected.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with our accrued receivables related to revenue recognition, accrued claims payable, stock-based compensation expense, and accounting for income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting estimates.

For additional information about our significant accounting policies and estimates, see Note 1 – Business and Basis of Presentation and Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Accrued Receivable and Accrued Claims Payable

Fertility benefits solution revenue is recognized based on the negotiated price with our clients and includes the portion to be paid directly by the member. Revenue is recognized when Smart Cycle services are completed for a member, which includes estimates of accrued receivables. We estimate accrued receivables based on historical experience for those fertility benefit services provided but for which a claim has not been received from the provider clinic, which includes assumptions regarding the lag between the authorization date and service date as well as estimates for changes and cancellations of services. We include accrued receivables within accounts receivable on our consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, accrued receivables were $45.6 million and $45.8 million, respectively.

At the same time, we estimate cost of services and accrued claims payables based on the amount to be paid to the provider clinic and expected gross margin on fertility benefit services. Accrued claims payable of $32.1 million and $30.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

Our estimates are adjusted to actual at the time of billing and these adjustments have historically not been material.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of stock-based awards granted to employees and directors on the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of each stock-based award on the measurement date using either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock options and stock purchased under the employee stock purchase plan or the closing market price of our common stock for restricted stock units, including those with performance-based vesting criteria.

The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including (1) the expected stock price volatility, (2) the expected term of the award, (3) the risk-free interest rate and (4) expected dividends. Due to the lack of historical and implied volatility data of our common stock, the expected stock price volatility is estimated based on the historical volatilities of the daily closing prices of a specified group of companies in our industry for a period equal to the expected term of the option. We selected companies with comparable characteristics to our Company, including enterprise value, risk profiles and position within the industry, that have historical stock price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock option. The expected term of the award represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and is calculated utilizing the simplified method, which is the mid-point between the vesting date and end of the contractual term for each option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities for the period that is consistent with the expected term of the stock option. The dividend yield is assumed to be none as we have not paid dividends, nor do we anticipate paying dividends. The weighted-average estimated fair value of stock option awards granted in the year ended December 31, 2024 was $16.60. Changes in these inputs could result in a significant change in the fair value of stock options.

59

Table ofContents

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted to employees:

Year Ended December 31,

Risk‐free interest rate 3.5% - 4.6% 3.5% - 4.8%

Expected dividend yield — —

Our outstanding stock-based awards as of December 31, 2024 are subject to service-based or performance-based vesting. We recognize compensation expense for service-based awards over the vesting period of the award on a straight-line basis. Compensation expense related to awards with performance-based vesting conditions is recognized over the requisite service period when achievement of the performance condition is considered probable. Forfeitures and cancellations of awards are recognized as they occur. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, stock-based compensation expense was $128.1 million and $122.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had $118.3 million and $99.5 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested options and restricted stock units, respectively, which are expected to be expensed and vest over a weighted-average remaining period of approximately 2.0 years and 2.6 years, respectively.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, or “ASC 740”. Deferred income taxes are recorded for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts recognized for income tax purposes. We periodically review the recoverability of deferred tax assets recorded on the consolidated balance sheet and provide valuation allowances as deemed necessary to reduce such deferred tax assets to the amount that will, more likely than not, be realized. Income tax expense consists of taxes currently payable and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities calculated according to local tax rules.

As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence for each jurisdiction including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies. In the event we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. We believe there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that substantially all the net deferred tax assets were realizable as of December 31, 2024.

The amount of deferred tax provided is calculated using tax rates enacted at the balance sheet date. The impact of tax law changes is recognized in periods when the change is enacted.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $84.9 million and $73.1 million of net deferred tax assets, respectively. There was a valuation allowance of $1.8 million and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

60

Table ofContents

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is highly sensitive due to many factors, including U.S. monetary and tax policies, U.S. and international economic factors and other factors beyond our control.

At December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $162.3 million and marketable securities of $65.6 million. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Our investments are exposed to market risk due to a fluctuation in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair market value of our investments. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not result in a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Inflation Rate Risk

While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation on our results of operations and financial condition, we do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

61

Table ofContents

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 42) 63

Financial Statements:

Consolidated Balance Sheets 65

Consolidated Statements of Operations 66

Consolidated Statements Comprehensive Income 67

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity 68

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 69

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 70

62

Table ofContents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Progyny, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Progyny, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 3, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

63

Table ofContents

Accrued Receivables and Accrued Claims Payable

Description of the Matter

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.

New York, NY

March 3, 2025

64

Table ofContents

PROGYNY, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

December 31,

ASSETS

Current assets:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 9,443 27,451

Intangible assets, net 1,303 —

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 73,530 60,524

Operating lease noncurrent liabilities 16,413 17,241

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Accumulated other comprehensive income 39 2,819

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 607,102 $ 756,620

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

65

Table ofContents

PROGYNY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Year EndedDecember 31,

Operating expenses:

Net income per share:

Weighted-average shares used in computing net income per share:

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

66

Table ofContents

PROGYNY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

Year EndedDecember 31,

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Net change on unrealized gains on marketable securities (2,811) 2,333 589

Foreign currency translation gain (loss) 31 (15) 5

Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (2,780) 2,318 594

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

67

Table ofContents

PROGYNY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Shares Amount

Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — — 594 594

Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — — 2,318 2,318

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — — — (2,780) (2,780)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

68

Table ofContents

PROGYNY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Non-cash interest income — (34) —

Loss on disposal of property and equipment 1,414 — —

Net accretion of discounts on marketable securities (2,115) (4,328) —

Foreign currency exchange rate loss — (8) —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Other noncurrent assets and liabilities 425 648 (1,080)

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of property and equipment, net (5,405) (3,644) (3,241)

Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired (5,304) — —

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Repurchase of common stock (300,278) — —

Payment of employee taxes related to equity awards (12,001) (17,200) (12,089)

Proceeds from contributions to employee stock purchase plan 1,300 1,278 1,152

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 1 1 —

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received $ 40,449 $ 6,181 $ 133

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

69

Table ofContents

PROGYNY, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Progyny, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries referred to as “Progyny” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on April 3, 2008, and maintains its corporate headquarters in New York, NY.

Progyny is a benefits management company specializing in fertility, family building and women's health benefits solutions and operates and manages in one operating segment. The fertility benefits solution consists of a significant service that integrates: (1) the treatment services (“Smart Cycles”) that the Company has designed, (2) access to the Progyny network of high-quality fertility specialists that perform the Smart Cycle treatments and (3) active management of the selective network of high-quality provider clinics, real-time member eligibility and treatment authorization, member-facing digital tools and detailed quarterly reporting supported by the Company’s dedicated client success teams, and end-to-end comprehensive concierge member support provided by Progyny’s in-house staff of Patient Care Advocates (“PCAs”) (collectively, the “care management services”).

The Company enhanced its benefits solution offerings with the launch of its pharmacy benefits solution, Progyny Rx, effective January 1, 2018. Progyny Rx provides the Company's members with access to the medications needed during their fertility treatment. As part of this solution, the Company provides care management services, which include formulary plan design, simplified authorization, assistance with prescription fulfillment, and timely delivery of the medications by the Company’s network of specialty pharmacies, as well as medication administration training, pharmacy support services, and continuing PCA support. As a pharmacy benefits solution provider, Progyny manages the dispensing of pharmaceuticals through the Company’s specialty pharmacy contracts. Progyny Rx is only available as an add-on service to the fertility benefits solution.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in United Sates (“U.S. GAAP”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP generally requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of certain assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of accrued receivables related to revenue recognition, accrued claims payable, allowance for doubtful accounts, stock-based compensation expense, lease liabilities, and accounting for income taxes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash and cash equivalents are stated at fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.Marketable securities, primarily consisting of U.S. Government and agency securities with original maturities greater than three months but less than one year when purchased, are classified as available-for-sale, and are stated at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities are excluded from earnings and reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss).

70

Table ofContents

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company applies the following five-step model to recognize revenue from contracts with clients:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a client

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied

Progyny’s contracts typically have a stated term of three years and include contractual termination options after the first year, allowing the client to terminate the contract with 30 to 90 days’ notice.

Fertility Benefits Solution Revenue

Progyny primarily generates revenue through its fertility benefits solution, in which Progyny provides self-insured enterprise entities (‘‘clients’’) and their employees and partners (together, ‘‘members’’) with fertility benefits. As part of the fertility benefits solution, Progyny provides access to effective and cost-efficient fertility treatments, referred to as Smart Cycles, as well as other related services. Smart Cycles are proprietary treatment bundles that include certain medical services available to members through Progyny’s proprietary, credentialed network of provider clinics. In addition to access to Progyny’s Smart Cycle treatment bundles and access to Progyny’s network of provider clinics, the fertility benefits solution includes other comprehensive services, which Progyny refers to as care management services, such as active management of the provider clinic network, real-time member eligibility and treatment authorization, member-facing digital tools throughout the Smart Cycle and detailed quarterly reporting all supported by client facing account management and end-to-end comprehensive member support provided by Progyny’s in house staff of PCAs.

The promises within Progyny’s fertility benefits contract with a client represent a single performance obligation because Progyny provides a significant service of integrating the Progyny designed Smart Cycles and access to the fertility treatment services provided by provider clinics with the other comprehensive services into the combined fertility benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. Progyny’s fertility benefits solution is a stand-ready obligation that is satisfied over the contract term.

Progyny’s contracts include the following sources of consideration, which are all variable: a per employee per month (‘‘PEPM’’) administration fee (in most, but not all contracts) and a fixed rate per Smart Cycle. The PEPM administration fee is allocated between the fertility benefits solution and the pharmacy benefits solution based on standalone selling price, estimated using an expected cost-plus margin method. The Company allocates the variable consideration related to the fixed rate per Smart Cycle to the distinct period during which the related services were performed as those fees relate specifically to the Company’s efforts to provide its fertility benefits solution to its clients in the period and represents the consideration the Company is entitled to for the fertility benefits services provided. As a result, the fixed rate per Smart Cycle is included in the transaction price and recognized in the period in which the Smart Cycle is provided to the member. Progyny’s contracts also include potential service level agreement refunds related to outcome-based service metrics. These service level refunds, which are determined based on results of a full plan year, if met, are based on a percentage of the PEPM fee paid by clients. The Company estimates the variable consideration related to the total PEPM administration fee, less estimated refunds related to service level agreements, and recognizes the amounts allocated to the fertility benefits solution ratably over the contract term. Progyny’s estimates of service level agreement refunds, have not historically resulted in significant adjustments to the transaction price.

Clients are typically invoiced on a monthly basis for the PEPM administration fee. Progyny invoices its clients and members for their respective portions of the fixed rate per Smart Cycle bundle when all treatment services within a Smart Cycle are completed by the provider clinic. Once an invoice is issued, payment terms are typically between 30 to 60 days.

71

Table ofContents

The Company assesses whether it is the principal or the agent for each arrangement with a client, since fertility treatment services are provided by a third party—the provider clinics. The Company is the principal in its arrangements with clients and therefore presents revenue gross of the amounts paid to the provider clinics because Progyny controls the specified service (the fertility benefits solution) before it is transferred to the client. Progyny integrates the fertility treatment services provided by the provider clinics into the overall fertility benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. In addition, Progyny defines the scope of the potential services to be performed by the provider clinics and monitors the performance of the provider clinics. Furthermore, Progyny is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to the client and has discretion in setting the pricing, as Progyny separately negotiates agreements with the provider clinics, which establish pricing for each treatment service. Pricing of services from provider clinics is independent from the fees charged to clients.

Pharmacy Benefits Solution Revenue

For clients that have the fertility benefits solution, Progyny offers, as an add-on, its pharmacy benefits solution, which is a separate, fully integrated pharmacy benefit. As part of the pharmacy benefits solution, Progyny provides care management services, which include Progyny’s formulary plan design, prescription fulfillment, simplified authorization and timely delivery of the medications used during treatment through Progyny’s network of specialty pharmacies, and clinical services consisting of member assessments, UnPack It calls, telephone support, online education, medication administration training, pharmacy support services and continuing PCA support.

The pharmacy-related promises represent a single performance obligation because Progyny provides a significant service of integrating the formulary plan design, prescription fulfillment, clinical services and PCA support into the combined pharmacy benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. The pharmacy benefits solution is a stand-ready obligation that is satisfied over the contract term.

Progyny’s contracts include the following sources of consideration, all of which are variable: a PEPM administration fee (in most, but not all contracts) and a fixed fee per fertility drug. As described above, the PEPM administration fee, less estimated refunds related to service level agreements, is allocated to the pharmacy benefits solution and recognized ratably over the contract term. The Company allocates the variable consideration related to the fixed fee per fertility drug to the distinct period during which the related services were performed, as those fees relate specifically to the Company’s efforts to provide its pharmacy benefits solution to clients in the period and represents the consideration the Company is entitled to for the pharmacy benefits services provided. As a result, the fixed fee per fertility drug is included in the transaction price and recognized in the period in which the Company is entitled to consideration from a client, which is when a prescription is filled and delivered to the members.

As stated above, clients are invoiced on a monthly basis for the PEPM administration fee. Progyny invoices the client and the member for their respective portions of the fixed fee per fertility drug, when the prescription services are completed by the specialty pharmacies. Once an invoice is issued, payment terms are typically between 30 to 60 days.

The Company assesses whether it is the principal or the agent for each arrangement with a client, as prescription fulfillment and clinical services are provided by a third party—the specialty pharmacies. The Company is the principal in its arrangements with clients, and therefore presents revenue gross of the amounts paid to the specialty pharmacies. Progyny controls the specified service (the pharmacy benefits solution) before it is transferred to the client. Progyny integrates the prescription fulfillment and clinical services provided by the pharmacies and PCAs into the overall pharmacy benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. In addition, Progyny defines the scope of the potential services to be performed by the specialty pharmacies and monitors the performance of the specialty pharmacies. Furthermore, Progyny is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to the client and has discretion in setting the pricing, as Progyny separately negotiates agreements with pharmacies, which establish pricing for each drug. Pricing of fertility drugs is independent from the fees charged to clients.

The Company does not disclose the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations because all of the transaction price is variable and is allocated to the distinct periods to which the services relate, as discussed above. The remaining contract term is typically less than one year, due to the client’s contractual termination options. There were no material contract asset or contract liability balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

72

Table ofContents

Accrued Receivables and Accrued Claims Payable

Accrued receivables are estimated based on historical experience for those fertility benefits services provided but for which a claim has not been received from the provider clinic at the end of the reporting period, which includes assumptions regarding the lag between authorization date and service date as well as estimates for changes and cancellations of services. At the same time, cost of services and accrued claims payables are estimated based on the amount to be paid to the provider clinic and expected gross margin on fertility benefits services. Estimates are adjusted to actual at the time of billing. Adjustments to original estimates have not been material.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, accrued receivables were $45.6 million and $45.8 million, respectively. Accrued receivables are included within accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet.

Accrued claims payable of $32.1 million and $30.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Claims payable are generally paid within 30 days based on contractual terms.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unbilled receivables, which represent claims received and approved but unbilled at the end of the reporting period, were $47.0 million and $45.1 million, respectively. Unbilled receivables are typically billed to clients within 30 days of the approved claim based on the contractual billing schedule agreed upon with the client. Unbilled receivables are included in accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The accounts receivable balance primarily includes amounts due from clients and members. The Company estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on the lifetime expected credit losses for the client and member receivable pools, respectively. Under this current expected credit losses model, the Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on factors such as the age of the receivable balance, historical experience, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. An allowance for credit losses is applied at the time the asset is recognized. Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.The following table provides a summary of the activity in this allowance (in thousands):

Cost of Services

Fertility Benefits Services

Fertility benefits services costs include: (1) fees paid to provider clinics within the Company’s network, labs and anesthesiologists; (2) costs incurred (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation expense, other related costs, and an allocation of the Company's general overhead, depreciation and amortization) for those employees associated with care management service functions: Provider Account Management, PCA, Provider Relations and Claims Processing teams; and (3) related information technology support costs. Contracts with provider clinics are typically for a term of one to two years.

73

Table ofContents

Pharmacy Benefits Services

Pharmacy benefits services costs include: (1) the fees for prescription drugs dispensed and clinical services provided during the reporting period by specialty pharmacy partners; (2) costs incurred (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation expense, other related costs, and an allocation of the Company's general overhead, depreciation and amortization) for those employees associated with care management service functions: PCA, Provider Relations and Claims Processing teams; and (3) related information technology support costs. Contracts with the specialty pharmacies are typically for a term of one year.

In the specialty pharmacy contracts, the contractual fees of prescription drugs sold includes the cost of the prescription drugs purchased and shipped to members by the Company’s specialty mail service dispensing pharmacies, net of any volume-related or other discounts.

Vendor Rebates

The Company receives a rebate on formulations purchased and dispensed by the Company’s specialty pharmacies. The Company’s contractual arrangements with pharmacy program partners provide for the Company to receive a discount (or rebate) from established list prices paid subsequent to dispensing when products are purchased indirectly from a pharmacy program partner (such as through a specialty pharmacy). These rebates are recognized as a reduction of cost of services when prescriptions are dispensed and are generally estimated and billed to manufacturers within 20 days after the end of each month. Vendor rebates are included within accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. The effect of adjustments resulting from the reconciliation of rebates recognized to the amounts billed and collected has not been material to the Company’s results of operations.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consists primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable.

The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities with highly rated financial institutions and management believes that the financial risks associated with its cash equivalents are minimal.

Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with two financial institutions with high credit standings. Such deposits may exceed federally insured limits.

The Company regularly reviews the outstanding accounts receivable balances and makes estimates of the lifetime expected credit losses based upon consideration of factors such as the age of the receivable balance, historical experience, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. In addition, the Company periodically evaluates the financial condition of its clients and other parties to manage credit risk related to accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, one vendor accounted for 24% and 22%, respectively, of total receivables.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of computer equipment, machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements, and capitalized software development costs. The assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives and in the case of leasehold improvements, the shorter of the useful life or the remaining term of the lease (see Note 5).

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Other intangible assets consist of trademarks, physician network, and the websites acquired in the Fertility Authority acquisition. Goodwill, including other definite-lived intangible assets, are carried at their initial acquisition date fair value less any impairment. Other intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives.

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually as of October 1st of each year or when an interim triggering event has occurred indicating potential impairment. Events or changes in circumstances which could trigger an impairment

74

Table ofContents

review, which are assessed at the reporting unit level, include significant changes in the manner of the Company’s use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the Company’s overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future results of operations, a significant adverse change in the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition or a loss of key personnel. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the first of a two-step impairment test.

The first step involves comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit with its respective book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired and no additional steps are necessary. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess.

The Company tests for goodwill impairment for each reporting unit, which is at the operating segment or one level below the operating segment. This analysis requires us to make a series of assumptions to (1) evaluate whether any impairment exists and (2) measure the amount of impairment. There was no impairment of goodwill or intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. In such instances, the recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured first by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, an impairment loss would be recognized if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. The fair value is determined based on valuation techniques such as a comparison to fair values of similar assets or using a discounted cash flow analysis. The Company recorded a $1.4 million loss on disposal of property and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2024. There were no other significant impairments recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and operating lease noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company elects to account for each separate lease and non-lease component as a single lease component. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has no financing lease arrangements.

In accordance with ASC 842, the Company records a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and lease liability in connection with its operating leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. To determine the present value of lease payments, the Company utilizes the rate implicit in the lease, if available. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its secured incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments. The determination of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and is primarily based on publicly available information for companies within the same industry and with similar credit profiles. The rate is then adjusted for the lease term and other specific terms included in the Company’s lease arrangements. The incremental borrowing rate is subsequently reassessed upon a modification to the lease arrangement. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement date and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. ROU assets are subsequently assessed for impairment in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy for long-lived assets.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (ASC 718). ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments, including restricted stock units and grants of stock options, to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on their respective fair values. The fair value of the Company’s restricted stock units has been determined utilizing the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant, including those with performance-based vesting criteria.

75

Table ofContents

The fair value of the Company’s stock options and stock purchased under the employee stock purchase plan has been determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including (i) the expected stock price volatility, (ii) the expected term of the award, (iii) the risk-free interest rate and (iv) expected dividends. Due to the lack of historical and implied volatility data of the Company’s common stock, the expected stock price volatility has been estimated based on the historical volatilities of the daily closing prices of a specified group of companies in Progyny’s industry for a period equal to the expected term of the option. Progyny selected companies with comparable characteristics to the Company, including enterprise value, risk profiles and position within the industry, that have historical stock price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock options. The expected term of the options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and is calculated using the simplified method, which is the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term for each option. For non-employee service-based awards, the expected term is estimated based on the remaining contractual term of such awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of zero-coupon, U.S. Treasury securities for the period that is consistent with the expected term of the stock option. The Company has not paid, and does not anticipate paying, cash dividends on its shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is zero.

The Company’s stock-based awards are subject to service-based or performance-based vesting conditions. The Company recognizes compensation expense for service-based awards over the vesting period of the award on a straight-line basis. Compensation expense related to awards with performance-based vesting conditions is recognized over the requisite service period when achievement of the performance condition is considered probable.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred income taxes are recorded for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts recognized for income tax purposes. The Company periodically reviews the recoverability of deferred tax assets recorded on the consolidated balance sheet and provides valuation allowances as deemed necessary to reduce such deferred tax assets to the amount that will, more likely than not, be realized. Income tax expense consists of taxes currently payable and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities calculated according to local tax rules.

Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence for each jurisdiction including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies. In the event the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, the Company will adjust its valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made.

The amount of deferred tax provided is calculated using tax rates enacted at the balance sheet date. The impact of tax law changes is recognized in periods when the change is enacted.

A two-step approach is applied pursuant to ASC 740 in the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The first step is to determine if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained in an audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalty expenses associated with uncertain tax positions, if any, as a component of income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) is described as the excess of a U.S. Shareholder's total net foreign income over a deemed return on tangible assets. The Company's policy is to recognize GILTI taxes as a current period expense, as a component of income tax expense, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy established in the accounting standards. The hierarchy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, as follows:

76

Table ofContents

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short maturities.

Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the diluted net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming dilutive effect of outstanding common stock options, restricted stock units, shares issuable under the employee stock purchase program and common stock warrants using the treasury stock method. In periods when the Company has incurred a net loss, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share because dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40), which provides guidance on modifications or exchanges of a freestanding equity-classified written call options that are not within the scope of another Topic, such as warrants. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2022 on a prospective basis to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after this date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The standard is intended to provide a better understanding of an entity's overall performance and business activities through improved disclosure about an entity's reportable segments, including more detailed information about reportable segment expenses. The Company adopted this standard in the annual period beginning January 1, 2024 and applied the disclosure requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The standard is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The new standard will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025. While the new standard does require further disaggregation of the income tax footnote, the Company currently does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The standard is intended to provide enhanced transparency into the nature of expenses and requires more detailed information on specific

77

Table ofContents

expense categories (purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. The new standard will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2027, and for interim periods within the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2028. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either 1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or 2) retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard including the impact on its disclosures.

3. Revenue

Disaggregated revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue by service (in thousands):

Year EndedDecember 31,

Revenue

Concentration of Major Clients

For the year ended December 31, 2024, one client accounted for 12% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2023, that same client accounted for 13% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, two clients accounted for 16%, and 10%, or a combined 26% of total revenue. No other clients accounted for more than 10% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $167.7 million and $35.2 million, respectively, in financial assets held in money market accounts and $65.6 million and $273.8 million, respectively, held in marketable securities, including U.S. treasury bills. All were classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company measured these assets at fair value. The Company classified these assets as Level 1 because the values of these assets are determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, interest income on cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, including the accretion of discounts on investments, was $12.4 million, $3.3 million, and $0.8 million, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $10.0 million and $5.2 million, respectively of gross realized gains related to marketable securities included within earnings. There were no related gross realized losses included within earnings for these periods. The gross realized gains and losses included within earnings for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

The Company reclassified $7.3 million, $3.8 million, and $0.3 million of net unrealized holding gains out of other comprehensive income and into earnings for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. These amounts were reclassified into interest and other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations.

The total net gains for marketable securities recorded into other comprehensive income, before reclassifications into earnings, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, was $4.5 million, $6.1 million, $0.9 million, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company did not maintain any assets or liabilities classified as Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

78

Table ofContents

5. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

Estimated Useful Life (in years) December 31,

Leasehold improvements lease term 4,397 3,733

Less: accumulated depreciation (8,368) (5,301)

Total property and equipment, net $ 12,383 $ 10,213

Depreciation expense was approximately $3.1 million, $2.2 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company capitalized $1.4 million, $0.6 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation related to the development of internal-use software.

6. Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

Estimated Useful Life (in years) December 31,

Less: accumulated amortization (9,603) (9,500)

Total intangible assets, net $ 1,303 $ —

Amortization expense was $0.1 million, $0.1 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the future amortization expense of other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31:

79

Table ofContents

7. Leases

In September 2019, the Company’s sublease agreement for a 25,212square foot office in its corporate headquarters in New York, NY commenced and is scheduled to expire in May 2029. Pursuant to the sublease, the Company is obligated to pay the base rent of approximately $1.3 million per annum through the end of the fifth lease year and approximately $1.4 million per annum thereafter through the expiration date.

In February 2023, the Company's lease agreement for the additional 24,099 square foot office in its corporate offices (entered into in February 2022) commenced in New York, NY and is expected to expire in the second quarter of 2036. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company recorded right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $12.2 million and $12.1 million, respectively. Pursuant to the lease, the Company is obligated to pay the base rent of approximately $1.4 million per annum through the end of the fifth lease year and approximately $1.5 million per annum thereafter through the expiration date.

The Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense for the Company’s operating leases was $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 lease expense for the Company's operating leases was $2.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively .

Cash outflows from operating activities attributable to the operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2024 was $2.3 million, For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, cash outflows toward operating leases were$1.3 million, respectively.

Information related to the Company’s leases is as follows (in thousands):

Balance Sheet Location December 31, 2024

Operating Leases

Right-of-use assets Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 17,251

Long-term lease liabilities Operating lease noncurrent liabilities $ 16,413

Other information

Weighted average remaining lease term, operating lease 8.9 years

Weighted average discount rate, operating lease 4.61%

Future minimum facility lease payments as of December 31, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31: Operating Lease Payments as of December 31, 2024

Total undiscounted lease payments $ 23,644

Less: imputed interest 4,372

Present value of lease liabilities $ 19,272

Less: current portion of operating lease liabilities 2,859

Operating lease noncurrent liabilities $ 16,413

February 2022 Lease Agreement

As noted above, the Company commenced its lease for the 24,099 square foot office in its corporate offices in New York, NY in February 2023, pursuant to a lease agreement entered into by the Company in February 2022. The lease

80

Table ofContents

agreement also provides for additional space in the Company's corporate offices, including an additional 21,262 square foot office and continued occupancy of the 25,212 square foot office after the expiration of the current sublease. For the 21,262 square foot office, the lease commencement date, which is when the premise will become available to the Company for use, is currently expected to be in the first quarter of 2025. The Company is obligated to pay the base rent of approximately $1.3 million starting in the second quarter of 2026 for five years and approximately $1.4 million per year thereafter through second quarter of 2036, the expected expiration date. For the current 25,212 square foot office, the Company is obligated to pay the base rent of approximately $1.6 million per year beginning in June 2029, which is the lease commencement, through second quarter of 2036, the expected expiration date.

8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

December 31,

Operating lease current liabilities 2,859 2,149

Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 73,530 $ 60,524

9. Acquisitions

On June 17, 2024, the Company completed its acquisition of Apryl GmbH, a Berlin-based fertility benefits platform, to expand its global offering. The transaction was for a purchase price of €5.1 million, or $5.3 million, net of cash acquired, based on the exchange rate on the acquisition closing date, and was accounted for using the acquisition method. As a result, tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess consideration over the fair value of the assets and liabilities assumed was recognized as goodwill and is subject to revision as the purchase price allocation is completed during the measurement period (up to one year from acquisition date). This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On January 8, 2025 the Company completed its acquisition of Benefit Bump LLC, a comprehensive parental leave benefits navigation program for new and growing families. The acquisition enhances the Company's existing offerings, extending its ability to further serve the needs of families on their journey from pregnancy to early childhood and beyond. The transaction was for a purchase price of $10.5 million including $2.5 million held in escrow for standard indemnifications and the satisfaction of certain conditions. The financial results of Benefit Bump will be included in the Company's consolidated financial statements beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025.

10. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. The common stock confers upon its holders the right to receive dividends out of any assets legally available, when and as declared by the Board of Directors.

The Company had 12,998,173 shares of treasury stock as of December 31, 2024. There were 615,980 shares of treasury stock shares for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Share Repurchase Program

In February 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100 million in shares of common stock (the “February Share Repurchase Program”). In May 2024, the Company's Board of Directors

81

Table ofContents

authorized an additional share repurchase program of up to $100 million in shares of common stock (the “May Share Repurchase Program”). In August 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized an additional share repurchase program of up to $100 million in shares of common stock (the “August Share Repurchase Program,” and together with the February Share Repurchase Program and the May Share Repurchase Program, the "2024 Share Repurchase Programs").

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased a total of 12,382,193 shares of common stock under the 2024 Share Repurchase Programs at an average price per share of $24.22 and a total cost of $300.3 million, inclusive of $0.4 million in trading fees. In addition, the Company recognized $2.6 million of excise taxes related to the share repurchases. As of the year ended December 31, 2024, the 2024 Share Repurchase Programs were completed, and no amounts remained available for repurchase under the programs.

Common Stock Warrants

In connection with the IPO on October 25, 2019, all outstanding convertible preferred warrants were converted to common stock warrants. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no outstanding common stock warrants. The Company had 305,595 common stock warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, 305,595 common stock warrants were exercised for 279,867 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.73. For the year ended December 31, 2023, 259,756 common stock warrants were exercised for 247,672 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.73. No common stock warrants were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company did not recognize compensation expense relating to the common stock warrants for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 as they were all fully vested.

Stock Incentive Plan

In October 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted and approved the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2019 Plan”), as the successor to the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2017 Plan”). No further grants were made under the 2017 Plan from the date that the 2019 Plan became effective. Initially, the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2019 Plan will not exceed 19,198,875 shares of common stock, which is the sum of 1) 2,640,031 new shares and 2) an additional number of shares not to exceed 16,558,844 consisting of (a) shares that remained available for the issuance of awards under the 2017 Plan immediately prior to the effective date of the 2019 Plan and (b) shares of common stock subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards granted under the 2017 Plan that, on or after the date the 2019 Plan became effective, terminate, expire or are cancelled prior to exercise or settlement; are forfeited or repurchased because of the failure to vest; or are reacquired or withheld (or not issued) to satisfy a tax withholding obligation or the purchase or exercise price, if any, as such shares become available from time to time.

Under the Company’s 2017 Plan and consistent with the Company's prior 2008 Equity Incentive Plan, options and other stock awards to purchase shares of common stock may be granted to employees, directors, and consultants. Incentive stock options are granted to employees and non-statutory stock options are granted to consultants and directors at an exercise price not less than 100% of the fair value (as determined by the Board of Directors) of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of options granted to stockholders who hold 10% or more of the Company’s common stock on the option grant date shall not be less than 110% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant for both incentive and non-qualified stock option grants. These options generally vest over 4 years and expire 10 years from the date of grant. Stock option grants may be exercisable upon grant, and any unvested shares purchased are subject to repurchase. There were no unvested shares subject to repurchase as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, 3,602,455 and 3,573,416 shares of common stock, respectively, remained available for future grants under the 2019 Plan. Under the 2019 Plan, subject to any adjustments necessary to implement any capitalization adjustments, an annual increase to the number of shares issuable is automatically added on January 1 of each year for a period of ten years commencing on January 1, 2020 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2029, in an amount equal to 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding year or such smaller amount as determined by the Company's Board of Directors.

82

Table ofContents

Stock Options

Stock options are exercisable based on the terms and conditions outlined in the applicable award agreement. Stock options generally vest over four years and typically expire ten years from the date of grant. A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)

The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $13.7 million, $79.7 million, and $76.7 millionfor the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted was $16.60, $19.10, and $21.84 in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The total grant date fair value of options vested was $202.4 million, $134.1 million, and $62.6 million as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options was approximately $118.3 million at December 31, 2024. The weighted-average remaining recognition period is approximately 2.0 years.

Certain assumptions used in the option-pricing model for options granted to employees, directors, and non-employees are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Expected dividend rate — — —

83

Table ofContents

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units are subject to service-based or performance-based vesting criteria. The restricted stock units vest based on the terms outlined in the applicable award agreement, which, for service-based awards, is generally over a period of 4 years. The Company's performance-vesting awards are based on the achievement of specified revenue targets and continued employment through the date of achievement of such targets. If the targets have not been achieved prior to the fifth anniversary of the grant, the awards will be forfeited. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the revenue targets associated with the first tranche of the performance-vesting awards were achieved, resulting in the vesting of 166,500 shares. As of December 31, 2024, the second tranche of 166,500 shares of the performance-vesting awards remained unvested.

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity, including those with performance-based vesting criteria, is as follows:

Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value

The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested was $27.6 million, $33.0 million, and $22.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted was $25.05, $35.02, and $44.09 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The total grant date fair value of restricted stock units vested was $43.4 million, $45.5 million and $28.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units was approximately $99.5 million at December 31, 2024. The weighted-average remaining recognition period is approximately 2.6 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In October 2019, the Board of Directors and stockholders also adopted and approved the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). Following the IPO, the ESPP authorized the issuance of 1,700,000 shares of common stock to purchase rights granted to the Company’s employees. Subject to the ESPP, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan will not exceed 1,700,000 shares, plus the number of shares that are automatically added on January 1st of each year, in an amount equal to the lesser of 1% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year, and 2,500,000 shares of common stock, or such smaller amount as determined by the Company's Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 5,111,514 and 4,194,264 shares of common stock remained available to be issued under the ESPP, respectively.

84

Table ofContents

The following table summarizes the purchases that were made for each purchase period of the ESPP in the years ending December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 (in thousands, except for share amounts):

Purchase Period Proceeds used for purchase Shares purchased

The next purchase period commenced on August 1, 2024 and ended on January 31, 2025.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense, which was included in the statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income consisted of the following (in thousands):

(1) Represents unrealized gains of $6.2 million, net of tax expense of $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, unrealized gains of $8.6 million, net of tax of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and unrealized gains of $0.9 million, net of tax of $0for the year ended December 31, 2022.

85

Table ofContents

(2) The effects on net income of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows (in thousands):

Gains on marketable securities 9,982 5,196 295 Interest and other income, net

11. Net Income Per Share

A reconciliation of net income and the number of shares in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

Year Ended December 31,

Basic net income per common share:

Numerator:

Denominator:

Basic net income per share $ 0.59 $ 0.65 $ 0.33

Diluted net income per common share:

Numerator:

Denominator:

Effect of dilutive securities:

Diluted net income per share $ 0.57 $ 0.62 $ 0.30

86

Table ofContents

The following weighted-average outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:

Year Ended December 31,

Shares issuable under ESPP 4,022 919 —

12. 401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all employees and began employer contributions in 2018. The Company incurred expenses related to employer contributions of $1.8 million, $1.4 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

13. Income Taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes is composed of the following (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Current:

Deferred:

Total deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes (10,456) 3,745 (6,612)

Total provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 28,866 $ 8,654 $ (5,917)

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Income tax provision at statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 %

State income taxes, net of federal benefit 7 2 3

Stock-based compensation 2 (18) (48)

Section 162(m) compensation limitation 4 6 —

Other 1 1 —

Effective tax rate 35 % 12 % (24) %

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent tax adjustments, including shortfalls upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs as well as the disallowance of certain compensation deductions based on Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, which limits the compensation deduction of certain highly compensated employees. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, the effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent tax adjustments, including windfalls upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs.

87

Table ofContents

The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

December 31,

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating loss carryforwards $ 5,577 $ 16,818

Research and development capitalization and credits 1,989 282

Depreciation and amortization 185 467

Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance $ 89,982 $ 79,672

Deferred tax liabilities:

Operating lease right-of-use assets (4,352) (4,695)

Unrealized gain on marketable securities (14) (1,025)

Total deferred tax liabilities (5,049) (6,552)

* Presentation updates between the breakout of categories for 2023 have been made from the 2023 Form 10-K for comparability purposes.

Assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets requires the determination of whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, loss carry back and tax-planning strategies. The valuation allowance increased by $1.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, management believes there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that substantially all the net deferred tax assets were realizable.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $1.1 million which expire in the year 2030 and U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards of $51.8 million, which will begin to expire in the year 2030. In addition, the Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $5.9 million, which will begin to expire in the year 2042. Utilization of the U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation due to ownership changes, as provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Such annual limitation could result in the expiration of net operating losses before their utilization.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

December 31,

Balance at the beginning of the year $ 390 $ 390 $ 390

Additions based upon tax positions related to the current year 213 — —

Balance at the end of the year $ 603 $ 390 $ 390

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $0.6 million, $0.4 million, and $0.4 million, in the aggregate, respectively. The Company classifies interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as components of the provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company had no significant accrued interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of

88