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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Investors should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the section titled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in the section titled” Risk Factors” and in other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also the section titled “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report. Our fiscal year end is the first Sunday after January 30.

Overview

Data is foundational to our customers' digital transformation and we are focused on delivering innovative and disruptive technology and data storage solutions that enable customers to maximize the value of their data. In our first decade, we completely changed customers' expectations of what they should see from storage arrays and storage vendors, making flash storage widely available to enterprise organizations and revolutionizing the customer experience with our Evergreen Storage subscription model that radically simplified and reduced total cost of storage ownership. Today, we are changing the expectations for data and storage management by providing customers a cloud experience with flexible on-demand data services consumption through delivery of a Modern Data Experience that empowers organizations to run their operations as a true, automated, storage as-a-service model seamlessly across multiple clouds.

Our solutions support a wide range of structured and unstructured data, at scale and across any data workloads on-premise, in the cloud, or hybrid environments and include mission-critical production, test/development, analytics, disaster recovery, and backup/recovery.

Our Modern Data Experience vision begins with our portfolio of products and subscription services that is transforming and modernizing storage operations for our customers. Our Modern Data Experience vision extends to an innovative and highly-integrated data platform of products and subscription services, consisting of Cloud Data Infrastructure (integrated hardware and software appliances which run in on-premise data centers), Cloud Data Services (software services which run natively in major public cloud infrastructures), and Cloud Data Management (software hosted data management services to manage our entire platform).

Revenue Drivers

We generate the majority of our revenues from our Cloud Data Infrastructure, including FlashArray and FlashBlade, and subscriptionservices which primarily includes our Evergreen Storage subscription, Pure as-a-Service(PaaS), and Cloud Block Store.

Portworx Acquisition

In October 2020, we expanded our data services capabilities for containerized, cloud-native applications with the acquisition of Portworx Inc. (Portworx), a privately-held container storage company that provides a Kubernetes data services platform. Cloud-native databases, analytics applications and artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks, such as Cassandra, MongoDB, Postgres, Kafka, Elasticsearch, Spark, and Tensorflow, are the tools upon which customers build their modern data pipelines. By integrating Portworx container data services, which includes storage, data protection, data security and disaster recovery/backup, with our data platforms, this acquisition further enhances our Modern Data Experience by expanding our support for these cloud-native applications on any infrastructure, on-premise or in the cloud environment at any scale.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19)

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which resulted in authorities implementing preventive measures to contain or mitigate the outbreak of the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, limitations on business activity, quarantines and shelter-in-place orders continues to have an impact globally. In response to the pandemic, we made some changes to our business at the outset that included instituting a global work-from-home policy beginning in March 2020 that resulted in limited disruptions in our work operations during fiscal 2021. After a brief acceleration of our business from increased demand of mission critical IT needs as customers shifted to work at home and online, we experienced a sharp deceleration as customers assessed both their business prospects and plans for digital transformation. This was then followed by a gradual stabilization in our business during the second half of fiscal 2021 as customers increasingly adapted to the COVID-19 environment. Partially offsetting the headwinds from COVID-19 were reduced operating expenses in the areas of travel and marketing costs. In addition, we effected certain restructuring activities to streamline our operations, such as limited workforce realignments and vacating certain office leases.

We continue to actively monitor, evaluate and respond to developments relating to COVID-19. Since the impact of the pandemic on our operational and financial performance remains highly unpredictable, our past results may not be indicative of future performance. Given the uncertainty, we are unable to predict the full extent and duration of the impact of COVID-19 on customer demand, our global supply chains and our business, operations and financial results. To the extent the pandemic continues to disrupt economic activity globally we, like other businesses, would not be immune at it could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results. See "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A. for additional details.

Change in Fiscal Year End

In September 2019, we adopted a 52/53 week fiscal year consisting of four 13-week quarters ending on the first Sunday after January 30 which for fiscal 2020 was February 2, 2020 and for fiscal 2021 was January 31, 2021. The updated calendar will occasionally include a 14-week fourth quarter, which will first occur in fiscal year 2022, starting on November 1, 2021 and ending on February 6, 2022.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We derive revenue primarily from the sale of our Cloud Data Infrastructure, including FlashArray and FlashBlade products and subscription services which includes our Evergreen Storage subscription, and our unified subscription that includes PaaS and Cloud Block Store. Subscription services also include our professional services offerings such as installation and implementation consulting services.

Provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, we typically recognize product revenue upon transfer of control to our customers and the satisfaction of our performance obligations. Products are typically shipped directly by us to customers, and our channel partners do not stock our inventory. We expect our product revenue may vary from period to period based on, among other things, the timing and size of orders and delivery of products and the impact of significant transactions.

We generally recognize revenue from subscription services ratably over the contractual service period and professional services as delivered. We expect our subscription services revenue to increase and continue to grow faster than our product revenue as more customers choose to consume our technologies as a service and our existing subscription customers renew and expand their consumption and service levels.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of product revenue primarily consists of costs paid to our third-party contract manufacturers, which includes the costs of our raw material components, and personnel costs associated with our manufacturing operations. Personnel costs consist of salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense. Our cost of product revenue also includes allocated overhead costs, inventory write-offs, amortization of intangible assets pertaining to developed technology, and freight. Allocated overhead costs consist of certain employee benefits and facilities-related costs. We expect our cost of product revenue to increase in absolute dollars as our product revenue increases.

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Cost of subscription services revenue primarily consists of personnel costs associated with delivering our subscription and professional services, part replacements, allocated overhead costs and depreciation of infrastructure used to deliver our subscription services. We expect our cost of subscription services revenue to increase in absolute dollars, as our subscription services revenue increases.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. Salaries and personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation expense, are the most significant component of each category of operating expenses. Operating expenses also include allocated overhead costs for employee benefits and facilities-related costs.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, prototype expenses, depreciation associated with assets acquired for research and development, third-party engineering and contractor support costs, as well as allocated overhead. We expect our research and development expense to increase in absolute dollars and it may decrease as a percentage of revenue.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, sales commissions, marketing programs, travel and entertainment expenses as well as allocated overhead. Marketing programs consist of advertising, events, corporate communications and brand-building activities. We expect our sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars and it may decrease as a percentage of revenue as we continue to realize efficiencies from scaling our business.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses for administrative functions including finance, legal, human resources, IT and fees for third-party professional services as well as amortization of intangible assets pertaining to defensive technology patents and allocated overhead. We expect our general and administrative expense to increase in absolute dollars and it may decrease as a percentage of revenue.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income related to cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, interest expense related to our debt and gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business and state income taxes in the United States. We have recorded no U.S. federal current income tax and provided a full valuation allowance for U.S. deferred tax assets, which includes net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits related primarily to research and development. We expect to maintain this full valuation allowance for the foreseeable future as it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized based on our history of losses.

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Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented in dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (in thousands):

Revenue

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

Total revenue increased in fiscal 2021 by $40.7 million, or 2%, compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in product revenue during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 was largely driven by headwinds caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, despite sales growth from our FlashBlade and FlashArray//C offerings and purchases from new customers. Our customer base grew from over 7,500 at the end of fiscal 2020 to over 8,700 at the end of fiscal 2021. The increase in subscription services revenue was primarily driven by increases in sales of our Evergreen Storage subscription services, and our unified subscription that includes PaaS and Cloud Block Store, as well as increased recognition of deferred subscription services revenue contracts.

Total revenue increased in fiscal 2020 by $283.6 million, or 21%, compared to fiscal 2019 despite being adversely impacted by significant accelerated declines in prices of certain key components that we use in our solutions. The increase in product revenue during fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019 was driven by multiple factors including increased sales of our new products such as FlashBlade and FlashArray//C, sales of larger FlashArray systems, increases in repeat purchases from existing customers and purchases from new customers. Our customer base grew from over 5,800 at the end of fiscal 2019 to 7,500 at the end of fiscal 2020. The increase in subscription services revenue was primarily driven by increases in sales of our Evergreen Storage subscription services, and our unified subscription that includes PaaS and Cloud Block Store, as well as increased recognition of deferred subscription services revenue contracts.

During fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal 2020, total revenue in the United States grew by 1% from $1,184.9 million to $1,195.4 million and total rest of the world revenue grew by 7% from $458.5 million to $488.8 million. During fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019, total revenue in the United States grew by 21% from $979.5 million to $1,184.9 million and total rest of the world revenue grew by 21% from $380.4 million to $458.5 million. For further details on revenues by geography, see Note 16 of Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts that have been invoiced but have not yet been recognized as revenue and including performance obligations pertaining to subscription services. The current portion of deferred revenue represents the amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue within one year of the consolidated balance sheet dates.

Changes in total deferred revenue during the periods presented are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended

Revenue recognized during fiscal 2020 and 2021 from deferred revenue at the beginning of each respective period was $267.0 million and $353.1 million.

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Remaining Performance Obligations

Total contracted but not recognized revenue was $1,093.5 million at the end of fiscal 2021. Contracted but not recognized revenue consists of both deferred revenue and non-cancelable amounts that are expected to be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Orders that are contracted but have not been fulfilled and that can be canceled by customers are excluded from remaining performance obligations. Cancellable orders received and not fulfilled at the end of fiscal 2021 have increased compared to the end of fiscal 2020. Of the $1,093.5 million contracted but not recognized revenue at the end of fiscal 2021, we expect to recognize approximately 43% over the next 12 months, and the remainder thereafter.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

% of Subscription services revenue 37 % 36 % 36 % 34 %

Subscription services gross margin 63 % 64 % 64 % 66 %

Cost of revenue increased by $25.4 million, or 5%, for fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in product cost of revenue was primarily attributable to the corresponding decline in product revenue due to headwinds caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by increased costs in our manufacturing operations associated with increased headcount and an increase in the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The increase in subscription services cost of revenue was primarily attributable to higher costs in our customer support organization.

The decline in product gross margin for fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily attributable to lower component costs for certain key raw materials that we use for our solutions and increased sales of larger FlashArray systems in fiscal 2020. The increase in subscription services gross margin for both periods was driven by increased renewals in Evergreen Storage subscriptions and increased sales of unified subscription services.

Cost of revenue increased by $52.4 million, or 11%, for fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The increase in product cost of revenue was primarily driven by increased sales and, to a lesser extent, by the increased costs in our manufacturing operations associated with increased headcount and an increase in the amortization of intangible assets.

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Product cost of revenue and product gross margins during fiscal 2020 benefited from significant price reductions for certain key raw materials that we use for our solutions and sales of our larger FlashArray systems. The increase in subscription services cost of revenue was primarily attributable to costs in our customer support organization as this business grows.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

Research and development expense increased by $46.8 million, or 11%, during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020, as we continued to innovate and develop technologies to both enhance and expand our solution portfolio. The increase was primarily driven by a $56.5 million increase in employee compensation and related costs, including a $9.6 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. The remainder of the increase was primarily attributable to a $10.1 million increase in outside services expenses, partially offset by a $22.4 million decrease in depreciation expense primarily due to revising our estimated useful lives of test equipment and certain computer equipment and software during fiscal 2021.

Research and development expense increased by $83.7 million, or 24%, during fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019, as we continued to innovate and develop technologies to both enhance and expand our solution portfolio. The increase was primarily driven by a $70.9 million increase in employee compensation and related costs, including a $15.2 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. The remainder of the increase was primarily attributable to a $8.2 million increase in office and facilities related costs, and a $4.4 million increase in outside services expenses.

Sales and Marketing

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

Sales and marketing expense decreased by $12.0 million, or 2%, during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020, primarily due to a decrease of $63.0 million in marketing and travel spend as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by an increase of $37.7 million in employee compensation and related costs as we continue to invest in certain areas within sales and marketing and expand our international presence, including an $8.2 million increase in sales commission expense. The remainder of the increase was primarily attributable to a $7.2 million increase in outside services expenses and a $4.2 million increase in subscription costs.

Sales and marketing expense increased by $143.9 million, or 25%, during fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019, as we continue to grow our sales force and expand our international presence. The increase was primarily driven by an increase of $115.5 million in employee compensation and related costs, including a $24.5 million increase in sales commission expense. The remainder of the increase was primarily attributable to a $14.6 million increase in travel related costs, a $9.1 million increase in office and facilities related costs, and a $4.3 million increase in marketing and brand awareness program costs.

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General and Administrative

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

General and administrative expense increased by $19.3 million, or 12%, during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The increase was primarily driven by an increase of $21.4 million in employee compensation and related costs, including a $7.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expense related, in part, to certain performance restricted stock awards, partially offset by a $3.7 million decrease in office and facilities related costs.

General and administrative expense increased by $25.6 million, or 19%, during fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The increase was primarily driven by an increase of $11.4 million in employee compensation and related costs. The remainder of the increase was primarily attributable to a $8.0 million increase in office and facilities related costs and an increase of $5.1 million in outside services expenses. The decrease in stock-based compensation was primarily due to lower expense recognized related to certain performance restricted stock awards and increased forfeitures.

Restructuring and Other

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

Restructuring and other $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 30,999 $ 30,999

% of Total revenue — % — % — % 2 %

During fiscal 2021, we incurred incremental costs of $8.9 million directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These costs primarily included the write-off of marketing commitments no longer deemed to have value for the remainder of the fiscal year and estimated non-recoverable costs for internal events that could not be held. In addition, we expensed $9.9 million relating to the cease use of certain lease facilities and recognized $12.2 million in one-time involuntary termination benefit costs related to workforce realignment plans.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

% of Total revenue (1) % — % — % (1) %

Other income (expense), net decreased during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 primarily attributable to a decrease in interest income of $9.8 million from our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities resulting from lower interest rate environment and, to a lesser extent, higher interest expense due to borrowings under our revolving line of credit, partially offset by a $6.0 million reduction in net foreign exchange losses.

Other income (expense), net increased during fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019 primarily attributable to an increase in interest income of $9.2 million from our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and a $1.8 million reduction in net foreign exchange losses, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $6.3 million related to our convertible senior notes (Notes).

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Provision for Income Taxes

Fiscal Year Ended Change Fiscal Year Ended Change

(in thousands)

% of Total revenue — % — % — % 1 %

The provision for income taxes increased during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 primarily attributable to an increase in foreign income taxes and the release of the valuation allowance related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities from fiscal 2020.

The provision for income taxes increased during fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019 primarily attributable to the fiscal 2019 U.S. valuation allowance release of $3.7 million related to the StorReduce acquisition and higher foreign income taxes during fiscal 2020.

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Quarterly Results of Operations

The following sets forth selected unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data for each of the eight quarters in the period ended January 31, 2021, as well as the percentage that each line item represents of our revenue for each quarter. The information for each of these quarters has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report and, in the opinion of management, includes all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for these periods in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. This data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. These historical quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full fiscal year or any future period.

Fiscal Quarter Ended

(unaudited, in thousands)

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

Revenue:

Cost of revenue:

Operating expenses:

_________________________________

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(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

Fiscal Quarter Ended

(unaudited, in thousands)

(2) Includes expenses related to restructuring and incremental expenses directly related to COVID-19.

Fiscal Quarter Ended

(unaudited)

Percentage of Revenue Data:

Revenue:

Cost of revenue:

Operating expenses:

Restructuring and other — — — — 4 2 — 2

Other income (expense), net — (1) — — (1) — (1) —

Loss before provision for income taxes (30) (17) (7) — (24) (16) (17) (9)

Provision for income taxes 1 — — 1 1 — 1 1

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

At the end of fiscal 2021, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $1,253.5 million. Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits and money market accounts. Our marketable securities generally consist of highly rated debt instruments of the U.S. government and its agencies, debt instruments of highly rated corporations, debt instruments issued by foreign governments, and asset-backed securities.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operating and capital needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our sales growth, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing and international operation activities, the addition or closure of office space, the timing of new product introductions and the continuing market acceptance of our products and services, the volume and timing of our share repurchases, the timing and settlement election of the Notes, and any potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business which has resulted in reduced sales and certain of our customers or partners being unable to timely fulfill their payment obligations to us. We may continue to enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services and technologies, including intellectual property rights. For example, we acquired Portworx for $352.9 million in October 2020. We may seek additional equity or debt financing in the future.

Revolving Credit Facility

In August 2020, we entered into a Credit Agreement with a consortium of financial institutions and lenders that provides for a five-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $300.0 million (Credit Facility). Proceeds from the Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes and working capital. The Credit Facility expires, absent default or early termination by us, on the earlier of (i) August 24, 2025 or (ii) 91 days prior to the stated maturity of the convertible senior notes unless, on such date and each subsequent day until the convertible senior notes are paid in full, the sum of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and the aggregate unused commitments then available to us exceed $625.0 million. The annual interest rates applicable to loans under the Credit Facility are, at our option, equal to either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.25% or LIBOR (based on one, three, or six-month interest periods), subject to a floor of 0%, plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.25%. Interest on revolving loans is payable quarterly in arrears with respect to loans based on the base rate and at the end of an interest period in the case of loans based on LIBOR (or at each three-month interval, if the interest period is longer than three months). We are also required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments ranging from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears that commenced on September 30, 2020. Loans under the Credit Facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and subject to certain restrictions and two financial ratios measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending January 31, 2021: a Consolidated Leverage Ratio not to exceed 4.5:1 and an Interest Coverage Ratio not to be less than 3:1.

In September 2020, we drew down $250.0 million under the Credit Facility to fund the acquisition of Portworx which remained outstanding at the end of fiscal 2021. The outstanding loan bore weighted-average interest at the one-month LIBOR of approximately 1.65%. Assuming interest rates remain relatively constant and no repayment, we expect our annual interest expense for the outstanding borrowing under the revolver to be approximately $4.1 million. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility at the end of fiscal 2021.

Letters of Credit

At the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, we had outstanding letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $11.5 million and $6.7 million in connection with our facility leases. The letters of credit are collateralized by restricted cash and mature on various dates through August 2029.

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Convertible Senior Notes

In April 2018, we issued $575.0 million of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2023 (the Notes), in a private placement and received proceeds of $562.1 million, after deducting the underwriters' discounts and commissions. The Notes are unsecured obligations that do not contain any financial covenants or restrictions on the payments of dividends, the incurrence of indebtedness, or the issuance or repurchase of securities by us or any of our subsidiaries. The Notes mature on April 15, 2023 unless repurchased or redeemed by us or converted in accordance with their terms prior to the maturity date. The Notes are convertible for up to 21,884,155 shares of our common stock at an initial conversion rate of approximately 38.0594 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $26.27 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment.

Holders may surrender their Notes for conversion at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 15, 2022, only under specific circumstances. On or after October 15, 2022 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at any time regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, holders will receive cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. We intend to settle the principal of the Notes in cash. See further discussion in Note 7 in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

Share Repurchase Program

In August 2019, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $150.0 million of our common stock, which was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. In February 2021, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $200.0 million of our common stock. The authorization allows us to repurchase shares of our common stock opportunistically and will be funded from available working capital. Repurchases may be made at management’s discretion from time to time on the open market through privately negotiated transactions, transactions structured through investment banking institutions, block purchase techniques, 10b5-1 trading plans, or a combination of the foregoing. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any of our common stock, has no end date, and may be suspended or discontinued by us at any time without prior notice. During fiscal 2020, we repurchased and retired 867,657 shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $17.29 per share for an aggregate repurchase price of $15.0 million. During fiscal 2021, we repurchased and retired 9,526,556 shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $14.17 per share for an aggregate repurchase price of $135.0 million.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2021 was primarily driven by cash collections from sales of our product and subscription services including certain invoices with extended payment terms and deferral of the employer portion of social security payroll tax under the CARES Act, partially offset by payments to our contract manufacturers, employee compensation, and general corporate operating expenditures.

Net cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2019 and 2020was primarily driven by cash collections related to the sales of our product and subscription services, partially offset by payments to our contract manufacturers, employee compensation, and general corporate operating expenditures.

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Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2021 of $418.1 million was driven by net cash paid for our acquisition of Portworx of $339.6 million in October 2020, and capital expenditures of $95.0 million, partially offset by net sales of marketable securities of $21.5 million.

Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2020 of $324.7 million resulted from net purchases of marketable securities of $176.3 million, capital expenditures of $87.8 million, and net cash paid for acquisitions of $51.6 million, and intangible assets acquired of $9.0 million.

Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2019 of $511.3 million resulted primarily from net purchases of marketable securities of $392.2 million, capital expenditures of $100.2 million and net cash paid for our acquisition of StorReduce of $13.9 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $200.2 million during fiscal 2021 was primarily driven by $251.9 million of net proceeds from borrowings primarily under our revolving line of credit, $59.4 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options, and $32.4 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), partially offset by share repurchases of $135.2 million, and $8.3 million in tax withholdings on vesting of equity awards.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $49.2 million during fiscal 2020 was due to $43.3 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock under our ESPP and $42.9 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by repurchases of our common stock for $15.0 million under the share repurchase program, the repayment of $11.6 million of debt assumed in connection with our acquisition of Compuverde, and $10.4 million in tax withholdings on vesting of restricted stock.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $551.9 million during fiscal 2019 was primarily due to $562.1 million of net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes, $47.8 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $33.4 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock under our ESPP, partially offset by payment for the purchase of capped calls of $64.6 million, the repurchase of our common stock for $20.0 million in connection with the Notes and the repayment of $6.1 million of debt assumed in connection with our acquisition of StorReduce.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table sets forth our non-cancelable contractual obligations and commitments at the end of fiscal 2021.

Payment Due by Period

Total Less Than1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than5 Years

(in thousands)

_________________________________

(1) Consists of (i) principal and interest payments on our convertible senior notes due 2023, (ii) principal, interest, and unused commitment fees on our August 2020 revolving credit facility based on debt outstanding and rates in effect at January 31, 2021, and (iii) principal and interest on a five year loan.

(2) Represents aggregate future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases.

(3) Includes primarily non-cancellable inventory purchase commitments, software service and sponsorship contracts, and hosting arrangements.

Purchase orders are not included in the table above as they represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. The contractual commitment amounts in the table above are associated with agreements that are enforceable and legally binding. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included in the table above.

In April 2018, we issued $575.0 million of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2023 in a private placement and received proceeds of $562.1 million, after deducting the underwriters' discounts and commissions. The Notes are unsecured obligations that do not contain any financial covenants or restrictions on the payments of dividends, the incurrence of indebtedness, or the issuance or repurchase of securities by us or any of our subsidiaries. In September 2020, we drew down $250.0 million under a five-year, senior secured $300.0 million revolving credit facility which remained outstanding at the end of fiscal 2021. See further discussion in Note 7 in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Through the end of fiscal 2021, we did not have any relationships with any entities or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

The critical accounting estimates, assumptions and judgments that we believe have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements are described below.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue primarily from two sources: (1) product revenue which includes hardware and embedded software and (2) subscription services revenue which includes Evergreen Storage subscriptions, our unified subscription that includes Pure as-a-Service and Cloud Block Store.

Our product revenue is derived from the sale of integrated storage hardware and operating system software. We typically recognize product revenue upon transfer of control to our customers. Products are typically shipped directly by us to customers.

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Our subscription services revenue is derived from the services we perform in connection with the sale of subscription services and is recognized ratably over the contractual term, which generally ranges from one to six years. The majority of our product solutions are sold with an Evergreen Storage subscription service agreement, which typically commences upon transfer of control of the corresponding products to our customers. Costs for subscription services are expensed when incurred. In addition, our Evergreen Storage subscription provides our customers with a new controller based upon certain contractual terms. The controller refresh represents a separate performance obligation that is included within the Evergreen Storage subscription service agreement and the allocated revenue is recognized upon shipment of the controller.

Our subscription services also include the right to receive unspecified software updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis, software bug fixes, replacement parts and other services related to the underlying infrastructure, as well as access to our cloud-based management and support platform. We also sell professional services such as installation and implementation consulting services and the related revenue is recognized as services are performed.

We recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This is achieved through applying the following five-step approach:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

When applying this five-step approach, we apply judgment in determining the customer's ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer's historical payment experience and/or published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. To the extent a customer contract includes multiple promised goods or services, we determine whether promised goods or services should be accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is determined based on the consideration which we will be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation for contracts that contain multiple performance obligations based on a relative standalone selling price which is determined based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately, or if not observable through past transactions, is estimated taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to performance obligations.

Business Combinations, Goodwill and Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

We allocate the purchase price to the intangible and tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination at their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition, with the excess recorded to goodwill. We use our best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as well as the useful lives of the acquired intangible assets. Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets we have acquired include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, expected technology life cycle, attrition rates of customers, and discount rates. We estimate the useful lives of each intangible asset based on the expected period over which we anticipate generating economic benefit from the asset. The amounts and useful lives assigned to acquired intangible assets impact the amount and timing of future amortization expense.

While we use our best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to value assets acquired and liabilities assumed, these estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.

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We use estimates, assumptions, and judgments when assessing the recoverability of goodwill and acquisition-related intangible assets. We test for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if a significant event or circumstance indicates the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We also evaluate the estimated remaining useful lives of acquisition-related intangible assets for changes in circumstances that warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. If the useful life of the intangible asset is shorter than originally estimated, we accelerate the rate of amortization and amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 2 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business.

Interest Rate Risk

Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities primarily consist of bank deposits and money market accounts, highly rated debt instruments of the U.S. government, its agencies, debt instruments of highly rated corporations, debt instruments issued by foreign governments, and asset-backed securities. At the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $1,299.2 million and $1,253.5 million. The carrying amount of our cash equivalents reasonably approximates fair value, due to the short maturities of these instruments. The primary objectives of our investment activities are the preservation of capital, the fulfillment of liquidity needs and the fiduciary control of cash and investments. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our investments are exposed to market risk due to fluctuation in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair value of our investments.

We considered the historical volatility of short-term interest rates and determined that it was reasonably possible that an adverse change of 100 basis points could be experienced in the near term. A hypothetical 1.00% (100 basis points) increase in interest rates would have resulted in a decrease in the fair value of our marketable securities of approximately $10.7 million as of the end of fiscal 2021.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Our sales contracts are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars with a proportionally small number of contracts denominated in foreign currencies. A portion of our operating expenses are incurred outside the United States and denominated in foreign currencies and are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the British pound and Euro. Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our statement of operations. Given the impact of foreign currency exchange rates has not been material to our historical operating results, we have not entered into any derivative or hedging transactions, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency exchange should become more significant.

We considered the historical trends in currency exchange rates and determined that it was reasonably possible that adverse changes in exchange rates of 10% for all currencies could be experienced in the near term. These reasonably possible adverse changes in exchange rates of 10% were applied to total monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollar at the end of fiscal 2021 to compute the adverse impact these changes would have had on our loss before income taxes in the near term. These changes would have resulted in an adverse impact on loss before provision for income taxes of approximately $6.9 million at the end of fiscal 2021.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

PURE STORAGE, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 55

Consolidated Balance Sheets 58

Consolidated Statements of Operations 59

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 60

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity 61

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 62

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 63

54

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Pure Storage, Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pure Storage, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of February 2, 2020 and January 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 2, 2020 and January 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 24, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the US federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Business Combinations—Valuation of Acquired Intangible Assets —Refer to Notes 2, 4, and 5 to the financial statements.

Critical Audit Matter Description

In October 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Portworx Inc. ("Portworx"). The Company accounted for the acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values, including identified intangible assets of $31.4 million related to developed technology, customer relationships, and trade name. The determination of the fair value of the intangible assets required management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasted revenue growth.

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We identified valuation of the intangible assets as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments related to forecast revenue growth made by management to estimate its fair value. Considering the limited historical sales information, this required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increase extent of effort when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to forecasted revenue growth.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the forecasted revenue growth included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the valuation of the acquired intangible assets, which included the review of key inputs such as forecasted revenue growth.

•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasted revenue growth by performing a comparison of the forecasted revenue against various sources, including:

–Forecasted information for certain peer companies;

–Industry data and analyst reports; and

–Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

San Jose, California

March 24, 2021

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Pure Storage, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Pure Storage, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended January 31, 2021, of the Company and our report dated March 24, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

San Jose, California

March 24, 2021

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PURE STORAGE, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share data)

At the End of Fiscal

ASSETS

Current assets:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 56,930 89,836

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Accrued expenses and other liabilities 47,223 61,754

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

Stockholders’ equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive income 5,449 7,410

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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PURE STORAGE, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

Fiscal Year Ended

Revenue:

Cost of revenue:

Operating expenses:

Restructuring and other — — 30,999

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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PURE STORAGE, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

Fiscal Year Ended

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:

Unrealized net gains on available-for-sale securities 1,562 6,510 3,213

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PURE STORAGE, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

Shares Amount

Vesting of early exercised stock options — — 320 — — 320

Vesting of restricted stock units 8,378 1 (1) — — —

Net issuance of restricted stock 2,398 — — — — —

Tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock — — (632) — — (632)

Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan 3,381 — 33,444 — — 33,444

Equity component of convertible senior notes, net — — 133,265 — — 133,265

Other comprehensive income — — — 1,579 — 1,579

Vesting of restricted stock units 9,215 1 (1) — — —

Net issuance of restricted stock 624 — — — — —

Tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock — — (10,379) — — (10,379)

Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan 3,743 — 43,298 — — 43,298

Other comprehensive income — — — 5,787 — 5,787

Vesting of restricted stock units 11,241 1 (1) — — —

Cancellation and forfeiture of restricted stock (317) — — — — —

Tax withholding on vesting of equity awards (490) — (8,258) — — (8,258)

Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan 3,714 — 32,439 — — 32,439

Equity awards assumed in an acquisition — — 8,802 — — 8,802

Other comprehensive income — — — 1,961 — 1,961

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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PURE STORAGE, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Fiscal Year Ended

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:

Impairment of long-lived assets — — 7,505

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:

Operating lease right-of-use assets — 26,511 28,804

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of intangible assets — (9,000) —

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Payment for purchase of capped calls (64,630) — —

Proceeds from borrowings, net of issuance costs — — 251,892

Repayment of debt assumed from acquisition (6,101) (11,555) —

Tax withholding on vesting of equity awards (632) (10,379) (8,258)

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF YEAR

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING INFORMATION

Property and equipment purchased but not yet paid $ 13,873 $ 6,814 $ 10,979

Vesting of early exercised stock options $ 320 $ — $ —

Fair value of equity awards assumed in an acquisition $ — $ — $ 8,802

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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PURE STORAGE, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Business Overview

Organization and Description of Business

Pure Storage, Inc. (the Company, we, us, or other similar pronouns) was originally incorporated in the state of Delaware in October 2009 under the name OS76, Inc. In January 2010, we changed our name to Pure Storage, Inc. We are headquartered in Mountain View, California and have wholly owned subsidiaries throughout the world.

Data is foundational to our customers' digital transformation and we deliver innovative and disruptive technology and data storage solutions that enable customers to maximize the value of their data.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Change in Fiscal Year End

In September 2019, we adopted a 52/53 week fiscal year consisting of four 13-week quarters ending on the first Sunday after January 30 which for fiscal 2020 was February 2, 2020 and for fiscal 2021 was January 31, 2021. The updated calendar will occasionally include a 14-week fourth quarter, which will first occur in fiscal 2022, starting on November 1, 2021 and ending on February 6, 2022. Unless otherwise stated, all dates refer to our fiscal years.

Foreign Currency

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured to the functional currency at the average exchange rate in effect during the period. At the end of each reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions due to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of standalone selling price for revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, the period of benefit for deferred contract costs for commissions, stock-based compensation, provision for income taxes including related reserves, fair value of equity assumed, intangible and tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions which management believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

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Concentration Risk

Financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. At the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, the majority of our cash and cash equivalents have been invested with three financial institutions and such deposits exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold our investments are financially sound and, accordingly, are subject to minimal credit risk. We define a customer as an entity that purchases our products and services from one of our channel partners or from us directly. The majority of our revenue and accounts receivable are derived from the United States across a multitude of industries. We perform ongoing evaluations to determine customer credit. At the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, no channel partner represented 10% or more of total accounts receivable, net. At the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, we had one customer that represented 12% and 10% of accounts receivable, net. One channel partner represented 11% of revenue for fiscal 2019. No channel partner represented more than 10% of revenue for fiscal 2020 and 2021. No customer represented 10% or more of revenue for fiscal 2019, 2020 or 2021. We rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers and suppliers of components for our products. In instances where contract manufacturers and suppliers fail to perform their obligations, we may be unable to find alternative contract manufacturers and suppliers or satisfactorily deliver our products to our customers on time.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in banks and highly liquid investments, primarily money market accounts, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.

Marketable Securities

We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale (AFS) at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification at each balance sheet date. We may sell these securities at any time for use in current operations even if they have not yet reached maturity. As a result, we classify our securities, including those with maturities beyond twelve months, as current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. We carry these securities at estimated fair value and record unrealized gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reflected as a component of stockholders' equity. We evaluate our AFS debt securities with an unamortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses. Credit-related impairment losses, not to exceed the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, are recognized through an allowance for credit losses with changes in the allowance for credit losses recognized as a charge to other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations. Any remaining impairment is included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities are determined based on the specific identification method. Realized gains and losses are reported in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of our financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximates fair value.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, and stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. We generally do not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts.

We assess the collectability of the accounts by taking into consideration the aging of our trade receivables, historical experience, and management judgment. We write off trade receivables against the allowance when management determines a balance is uncollectible and no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable.

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The following table presents the changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts:

Fiscal Year Ended

(in thousands)

Allowance for doubtful accounts, beginning balance $ 1,062 $ 660 $ 542

Provision, net of cash received (79) (80) 496

Allowance for doubtful accounts, ending balance $ 660 $ 542 $ 1,033

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is comprised of cash collateral for letters of credit related to our leases and for a vendor credit card program. At the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, we had restricted cash of $15.3 million and $10.5 million.

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished goods and component parts, which are purchased from contract manufacturers. Product demonstration units, which we regularly sell, are the primary component of our inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the specific identification method for finished goods and weighted-average method for component parts. We account for excess and obsolete inventory by reducing the carrying value to the estimated net realizable value of the inventory based upon management’s assumptions about future demand and market conditions. In addition, we record a liability for firm, non-cancelable and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for quantities in excess of future demand forecasts consistent with excess and obsolete inventory valuations. At the end of fiscal 2021, we did not record any liability related to the above. Inventory write-offs were insignificant for fiscal 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets (test equipment—4 years, computer equipment and software—4 years, furniture and fixtures—7 years). Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term. Depreciation commences once the asset is placed in service.

In accordance with our accounting practices, we review the estimated useful lives of our property and equipment on an ongoing basis. In the first quarter of fiscal 2021, management determined that the estimated useful lives of its test equipment and certain computer equipment and software required revision. The estimated useful lives of test equipment and certain computer equipment and software were revised to 4 years. Previously, the estimated useful lives of these assets ranged from 2 to 3 years. The change in estimated useful lives was accounted for as a change in estimate and recognized on a prospective basis effective February 3, 2020. The effect of this change in estimate resulted in a reduction to depreciation expense of $23.6 million during fiscal 2021.

Business Combinations

We allocate the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. The results of operations of an acquired business is included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related expenses are expensed as incurred.

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Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price consideration over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year as a single reporting unit, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. We may elect to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If we opt not to qualitatively assess, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. The quantitative test compares our reporting unit's carrying amount, including goodwill, to its fair value calculated based on our enterprise value. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess. We did not recognize any impairment of goodwill in any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.

Purchased Intangible Assets

Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are stated at cost, net of accumulated amortization. We amortize our intangible assets on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of three to seven years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review our long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset, we record an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair market value.

Convertible Senior Notes

In accounting for the issuance of our convertible senior notes (the Notes), we separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was determined by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was calculated by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the principal amount of the Notes as a whole. The difference between the principal amount of the Notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations using the effective interest method over the term of the Notes. The equity component of the Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the transaction costs related to the issuance of the Notes, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were netted with the principal amount of the Notes in the consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations using the effective interest method over the term of the Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component of the Notes in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred Commissions

Deferred commissions consist of incremental costs paid to our sales force to obtain customer contracts. Deferred commissions related to product revenue are recognized upon transfer of control to customers and deferred commissions related to subscription services revenue are amortized over an expected useful life of six years. We determine the expected useful life based on an estimated benefit period by evaluating our technology development life cycle, expected customer relationship period and other factors. We classify deferred commissions as current and non-current on our consolidated balance sheets based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

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Operating Leases

We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at commencement date. The interest rate implicit in our operating leases is not readily determinable, and therefore an incremental borrowing rate is estimated to determine the present value of future payments. The estimated incremental borrowing rate factors in a hypothetical interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms, payments, and economic environments. The operating lease right-of-use (ROU) asset is determined based on the lease liability initially established and reduced for any prepaid lease payments and any lease incentives. We account for the lease and non-lease components of operating lease contract consideration as a single lease component.

Certain of the operating lease agreements contain rent concession, rent escalation, and option to renew provisions. Rent concession and rent escalation provisions are considered in determining the lease cost. Lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date we have the right to use the leased property. We generally use the base, non-cancelable, lease term when recognizing the lease assets and liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that an extension or termination option will be exercised.

In addition, certain of our operating lease agreements contain tenant improvement allowances from our landlords. These allowances are accounted for as lease incentives and reduce our ROU asset and lease cost over the lease term.

For short-term leases with lease term no longer than twelve months, and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise, we recognize rent expense in our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term and record variable lease payments as incurred.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts that have been invoiced but have not yet been recognized as revenue and performance obligations pertaining to subscription services. The current portion of deferred revenue represents the amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue within one year of the consolidated balance sheet dates.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue from two sources: (1) product revenue which includes hardware and embedded software and (2) subscription services revenue which includes Evergreen Storage subscriptions, and our unified subscription that includes Pure as-a-Service and Cloud Block Store.

Our product revenue is derived from the sale of integrated storage hardware and operating system software. We typically recognize product revenue upon transfer of control to our customers. Products are typically shipped directly by us to customers.

Our subscription services revenue is derived from the services we perform in connection with the sale of Evergreen Storage and Pure as-a-Service subscriptions and is recognized ratably over the contractual term, which generally ranges from one to six years. The majority of our product solutions are sold with an Evergreen Storage subscription service agreement, which typically commences upon transfer of control of the corresponding products to our customers. Costs for subscription services are expensed when incurred. In addition, our Evergreen Storage subscription provides our customers with a new controller based upon certain contractual terms. The controller refresh represents a separate performance obligation that is included within the Evergreen Storage subscription service agreement and the allocated revenue is recognized upon shipment of the controller.

Our Evergreen Storage subscription services also include the right to receive unspecified software updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis, software bug fixes, replacement parts and other services related to the underlying infrastructure, as well as access to our cloud-based management and support platform. We also sell professional services such as installation and implementation consulting services and the related revenue is recognized as services are performed.

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We recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This is achieved through applying the following five-step approach:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

When applying this five-step approach, we apply judgment in determining the customer's ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer's historical payment experience and/or published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. To the extent a customer contract includes multiple promised goods or services, we determine whether promised goods or services should be accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is determined based on the consideration which we will be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price is determined based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately, or if not observable through past transactions, is estimated taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to performance obligations.

Warranty

We generally provide a three-year warranty on hardware and a 90-day warranty on our software embedded in the hardware. Our hardware warranty provides for parts replacement for defective components and our software warranty provides for bug fixes. Our Evergreen Storage subscription agreement provides for the same parts replacement that customers are entitled to under our warranty program, except that replacement parts are delivered according to targeted response times to minimize disruption to our customers’ critical business applications. Substantially all customers purchase Evergreen Storage subscription agreements. As such, the warranty reserve at the end of fiscal 2021 was not material.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, prototype expenses, to the extent there is no alternative use for that equipment, depreciation of equipment used in research and development, third-party engineering and contractor support costs, as well as allocated overhead costs.

Capitalized Internal-Use Software Costs

We expense costs to develop software that is externally marketed before technological feasibility is reached. We have determined that technological feasibility is reached shortly before the release of our products and as a result, the development costs incurred after the establishment of technological feasibility and before the release of those products have not been significant and accordingly, all related software development costs have been expensed as incurred.

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We capitalize (i) costs incurred to develop or modify software solely for our internal use, including hosted applications used to deliver our support services, and (ii) certain implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract when the preliminary project stage is complete, management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, and it is probable the project will be completed and used to perform the intended function. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are capitalized to property, plant and equipment and amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of four years. Software implementation costs are capitalized to either prepaid and other current assets or other assets, non-current on our consolidated balance sheet and amortized over the terms of the associated hosting arrangements. No amount of software development and implementation costs were capitalized during fiscal 2019 and 2020 and the amount of software development and implementation costs capitalized and the related amortization expense were not material during fiscal 2021.

Advertising Expenses

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $10.7 million, $13.3 million and $8.1 million for fiscal 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation includes expenses related to restricted stock units (RSUs), restricted stock, stock options and purchase rights issued to employees under our employee stock purchase plan (ESPP). RSUs and restricted stock are measured at the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date. We determine the fair value of purchase rights issued to employees under our ESPP and our stock options under our equity plans on the date of grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These variables include the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the awards, the expected term of the awards, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield.

We recognize stock-based compensation expense for stock-based awards on a straight-line basis over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period of the award). We account for forfeitures as they occur. For stock-based awards granted to employees with a performance condition, we recognize stock-based compensation expense for these awards under the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period when management determines it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.

We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement.

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New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in Fiscal 2021

We adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates (ASUs) effective February 3, 2020, none of which had a material impact on our financial position or results of operation:

ASU Description

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The amendments are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity, which simplifies the accounting for certain convertible instruments, amends guidance on derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity's own equity, and modifies the guidance on diluted earnings per share (EPS) calculations as a result of these changes. The standard will be effective for us beginning February 7, 2022 and can be applied on either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3. Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements

We define fair value as the exchange price that would be received from sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We measure our financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

•Level 1 - Observable inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 - Observable inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments; and

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These inputs are based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value and require significant management judgment or estimation.

Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Restricted Cash

We measure our cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash at fair value on a recurring basis. We classify our cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash within Level 1 or Level 2 because they are valued using either quoted market prices or inputs other than quoted prices which are directly or indirectly observable in the market, including readily-available pricing sources for the identical underlying security which may not be actively traded. Our fixed income available-for-sale securities consist of high quality, investment grade securities from diverse issuers. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of our marketable securities were derived from non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments.

The following tables summarize our cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash by significant investment categories and their classification within the fair value hierarchy at the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021 (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal 2020

Level 1

Level 2

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At the End of Fiscal 2021

Level 1

Level 2

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of our marketable securities are shown below by contractual maturity (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal 2021

Amortized Cost Fair Value

Unrealized losses on our debt securities have not been recorded into income because we do not intend to sell nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis. The decline in fair value of our debt securities is largely due to changes in credit spreads as a result of market conditions. The credit ratings associated with our debt securities are mostly unchanged, are highly rated and the issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments. As a result, there was no impairment charge for any unrealized losses in fiscal 2019 and 2020, and we had no credit losses recorded for fiscal 2021. The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in a continuous unrealized loss position at the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, aggregated by investment category (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal 2020

Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total

Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss

U.S. government treasury notes $ — $ — $ 1,000 $ — $ 1,000 $ —

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At the End of Fiscal 2021

Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total

Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss

U.S. government treasury notes $ 8,301 $ (1) $ — $ — $ 8,301 $ (1)

Realized gains or losses on sale of marketable securities were not significant for all periods presented.

Other Financial Instruments

We measure the fair value of our Notes on a quarterly basis and we determined the fair value of the Notes at the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021 to be a Level 2 measurement due to its limited trading activity. Refer to Note 7 for the net carrying amounts and estimated fair value of the Notes at the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021.

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Note 4. Business Combinations

Fiscal 2021 - Acquisition of Portworx Inc.

In October 2020, we acquired all outstanding stock of Portworx Inc. (Portworx), a privately-held container storage company that provides a Kubernetes data services platform for cloud native application. The transaction costs associated with the acquisition were not material and expensed as incurred. The total purchase consideration for the acquisition of Portworx was $352.9 million, which consisted of the following (in thousands):

Fair value of options assumed 8,802

We assumed certain unvested and outstanding stock options for Portworx's common stock. These stock options were converted into stock options for shares of our common stock. The fair value of the exchanged options determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model was $26.8 million, of which $8.8 million attributable to services performed prior to the acquisition date was allocated to purchase consideration. The remaining fair value of $18.0 million was allocated to future services and is being expensed over the remaining service periods as stock-based compensation expense. In addition, we assumed RSUs outstanding under the 2020 Portworx Equity Incentive Plan with a fair value of $31.8 million that is being recognized as stock-based compensation expense over a four year vesting period.

The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition (in thousands):

Amount Estimated Useful Life

Identified intangible assets:

Developed technology 21,273 5 years

Customer relationships 6,459 7 years

Net liabilities assumed (4,063)

Goodwill generated from this acquisition is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and expected post-acquisition synergies from combining Portworx container data services with our data services platform to expand our capabilities to support Kubernetes and containers. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of developed technology, customer relationships and trade name were derived by applying the excess earnings method, with-and-without method, and the relief-from-royalty method, respectively, all of which are under the income approach whose underlying inputs are considered Level 3. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management's estimates and assumptions.

In connection with the Portworx acquisition, we recorded a net deferred tax asset of $14.7 million. However, this amount was offset by a valuation allowance, thus, resulting in a net zero deferred tax asset during fiscal 2021. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance for our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets.

In addition, cash payments to certain former shareholders of Portworx totaling $32.2 million are being made over three years subject to continuous employment and are recognized as an operating expense.

The results of Portworx have been included in our consolidated statements of operations since the acquisition date and are not material. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the acquisition is not material to our results of operations.

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Fiscal 2020 - Acquisition of Compuverde AB

In April 2019, we acquired Compuverde AB (Compuverde), a privately-held developer of file software solutions for enterprises and cloud providers based in Sweden. Acquisition-related costs were not material and expensed as incurred.

The purchase consideration was $47.9 million in cash (net of cash acquired) after repayment of $11.6 million of debt assumed. The purchase price was allocated as follows: $38.4 million in developed technology which is being amortized over seven years, $26.6 million of goodwill, $11.7 million in net liabilities assumed, and $5.4 million in deferred tax liability. The deferred tax liability was primarily a result of the difference in the book basis and tax basis related to the developed technology. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and synergies from integrating Compuverde's technology with our data platform to expand our file capabilities and is not deductible for tax purposes.

In addition, cash payments to former shareholders of Compuverde totaling $15.9 million are being made over a two-year period and recognized as operating expense.

Restricted stock units in the amount of $3.0 million were issued to Compuverde employees in June 2019, subject to continuous employment and are being recognized as stock-based compensation over the related vesting period.

The results of Compuverde have been included in our consolidated statements of operations since the acquisition date and are not material. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the acquisition is not material to our results of operations.

Fiscal 2019 - Acquisition of StorReduce, Inc.

In August 2018, we completed the acquisition of StorReduce, Inc. (StorReduce), a privately-held, cloud-first software-defined storage solution for managing large-scale unstructured data. Acquisition-related costs were immaterial and were expensed as incurred.

The purchase consideration was $20.5 million in cash (net of cash acquired) after repayment of $6.1 million of debt assumed and payment of $1.1 million in transaction fees on behalf of StorReduce.

The purchase price was allocated as follows: $17.7 million in developed technology which is being amortized over seven years, $11.0 million of goodwill, $4.5 million in net liabilities assumed, and $3.7 million in deferred tax liabilities. The deferred tax liability was primarily a result of the difference in the book basis and tax basis related to the developed technology. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and synergies from integrating StorReduce's technology with our storage portfolio and is not deductible for income tax purposes. We held back approximately $3.7 million in cash to satisfy potential indemnification claims which was paid in August 2019.

In addition, we granted 622,482 RSUs to former StorReduce employees with a total grant date fair value of $13.6 million, subject to continuous employment. These awards are being recognized as stock-based compensation over the related vesting period.

The results of StorReduce have been included in our consolidated statements of operations since the acquisition date, including revenue and net loss, and are not material. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the acquisition is not material to our results of operations.

Note 5. Balance Sheet Components

Inventory

Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal

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Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (272,882) (312,474)

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $68.3 million, $80.4 million and $57.1 million for fiscal 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal

Intangible assets amortization expense was $2.6 million, $9.3 million and $13.0 million for fiscal 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. At the end of fiscal 2021, the weighted-average remaining amortization period was 2.7 years for technology patents, 4.9 years for developed technology, 6.7 years for customer relationships, and 2.7 years for trade name. We recorded amortization of technology patents in general and administrative expenses due to their defensive nature, developed technology in cost of product revenue, and customer relationships and trade name in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

At the end of fiscal 2021, future expected amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Years Ending Future Expected AmortizationExpense

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Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill is as follows (in thousands):

Amount

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal

Accrued travel and entertainment expenses 3,829 866

Total accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 47,223 $ 61,754

Note 6. Deferred Revenue and Commissions

Deferred Commissions

Changes in total deferred commissions during the periods presented are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended

During fiscal 2019, 2020 and 2021, we recognized sales commission expenses of $118.4 million, $142.5 million, and $150.2 million, respectively. Of the $187.9 million total deferred commissions balance at the end of fiscal 2021, we expect to recognize approximately 30% as sales commission expense over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

There was no impairment related to capitalized commissions for fiscal 2019, 2020 or 2021.

Deferred Revenue

Changes in total deferred revenue during the periods presented are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended

During fiscal 2020 and 2021, we recognized approximately $267.0 million and $353.1 million, respectively, in revenue pertaining to deferred revenue as of the beginning of each period.

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Remaining Performance Obligations

Total contracted but not recognized revenue was $1,093.5 million at the end of fiscal 2021. Contracted but not recognized revenue consists of both deferred revenue and non-cancelable amounts that are expected to be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The value of orders that are contracted but have not been fulfilled and that can be canceled by customers, are excluded from remaining performance obligations. Of the $1,093.5 million contracted but not recognized revenue at the end of fiscal 2021, we expect to recognize approximately 43% over the next 12 months, and the remainder thereafter.

Note 7. Debt

Convertible Senior Notes

In April 2018, we issued $575.0 million in principal amount of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and received proceeds of $562.1 million, after deducting the underwriters’ discounts and commissions. The Notes are governed by an indenture (the Indenture) between us, as the issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Notes are our senior unsecured obligations. The Indenture does not contain any financial covenants or restrictions on the payments of dividends, the incurrence of indebtedness, or the issuance or repurchase of securities by us or any of our subsidiaries. The Notes mature on April 15, 2023 unless repurchased or redeemed by us or converted in accordance with their terms prior to the maturity date. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year.

The Notes are convertible for up to 21,884,155 shares of our common stock at an initial conversion rate of approximately 38.0594 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $26.27 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment. Holders of the Notes may surrender their Notes for conversion at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:

•during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ended on July 31, 2018 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for the Notes on each applicable trading day;

•during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the measurement period), in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate for the Notes on each such trading day;

•if we call any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

On or after October 15, 2022 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at any time regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, holders will receive cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. We intend to settle the principal of the Notes in cash.

The conversion price will be subject to adjustment in some events. Following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or following our issuance of a notice of redemption, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such corporate event or during the related redemption period in certain circumstances. Additionally, upon the occurrence of a corporate event that constitutes a “fundamental change” per the Indenture, holders of the Notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or a portion of the Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes plus accrued and unpaid contingent interest.

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We may not redeem the Notes prior to April 20, 2021. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at our option, on or after April 20, 2021 if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending not more than two trading days immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes.

Upon the issuance of the Notes, we recorded total debt issuance costs of $12.9 million, of which $9.8 million was allocated to the Notes and $3.1 million was allocated to additional paid-in capital.

The Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

At the End of Fiscal

Liability:

Less: debt discount, net of amortization (91,378) (64,515)

Less: debt issuance costs, net of amortization (6,615) (4,671)

Stockholders' equity recorded at issuance:

Allocated value of the conversion feature $ 136,333

Less: debt issuance costs (3,068)

Additional paid-in capital $ 133,265

The total estimated fair values of the Notes at the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021 were $582.6 million and $649.0 million. The fair values were determined based on the closing trading price per $100 of the Notes as of the last day of trading of fiscal 2020 and 2021. The fair value of the Notes is primarily affected by the trading price of our common stock and market interest rates. Based on the closing price of our common stock of $23.13 on the last day of fiscal 2021, the if-converted value of the Notes of $506.2 million was less than its principal amount. At the end of fiscal 2021, the remaining term of the Notes is 26 months.

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended

Amortization of debt issuance costs 1,835 1,944

Total amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs 27,179 28,807

Contractual interest expense 718 718

Total interest expense related to the Notes $ 27,897 $ 29,525

Effective interest rate of the liability component 5.6 % 5.6 %

In connection with the offering of the Notes, we paid $64.6 million to enter into capped call transactions with certain of the underwriters and their affiliates (the Capped Calls), whereby we have the option to purchase a total of 21,884,155 shares of our common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of the Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction or offset subject to a cap initially equal to $39.66 per share (which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sales price of our common stock on April 4, 2018), subject to certain adjustments (the Cap Price). The cost of the Capped Calls was accounted for as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet. The Capped Calls are intended to reduce or offset potential dilution of our common stock upon any conversion of the Notes, subject to a cap based on the Cap Price.

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Impact on Earnings Per Share

The Notes will not impact our diluted earnings per share until the average market price of our common stock exceeds the conversion price of $26.27 per share, as we intend to settle the principal amount of the Notes in cash upon conversion. We are required under the treasury stock method to compute the potentially dilutive shares of common stock related to the Notes for periods we report net income. However, upon conversion, there will be no economic dilution from the Notes until the average market price of our common stock exceeds the Cap Price of $39.66 per share, as exercise of the Capped Calls offsets any dilution from the Notes from the conversion price up to the Cap Price. Capped Calls are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as they would be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method.

Revolving Credit Facility

In August 2020, we entered into a Credit Agreement with a consortium of financial institutions and lenders that provides for a five-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $300.0 million (Credit Facility). Proceeds from the Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes and working capital. The Credit Facility expires, absent default or early termination by us, on the earlier of (i) August 24, 2025 or (ii) 91 days prior to the stated maturity of the Notes unless, on such date and each subsequent day until the Notes are paid in full, the sum of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and the aggregate unused commitments then available to us exceed $625.0 million.

The annual interest rates applicable to loans under the Credit Facility are, at our option, equal to either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.25% or LIBOR (based on one, three or six-month interest periods), subject to a floor of 0%, plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.25%. Interest on revolving loans is payable quarterly in arrears with respect to loans based on the base rate and at the end of an interest period in the case of loans based on LIBOR (or at each three-month interval if the interest period is longer than three months). We are also required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments ranging from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears that commenced on September 30, 2020.

In September 2020, we drew down $250.0 million under the Credit Facility which remained outstanding at the end of fiscal 2021. The outstanding loan bore weighted-average interest at the one-month LIBOR of approximately 1.65% resulting in interest expense of $1.4 million during fiscal 2021.

Loans under the Credit Facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and subject to certain restrictions and two financial ratios measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, commencing with the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2021: a Consolidated Leverage Ratio not to exceed 4.5:1 and an Interest Coverage Ratio not to be less than 3:1. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility at the end of fiscal 2021.

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

At the end of fiscal 2021, we had various non-cancelable operating lease commitments for office facilities. Refer to Note 9—Leases for additional information regarding lease commitments.

Contractual Purchase Obligations

At the end of fiscal 2021, we had $251.8 million of non-cancelable contractual purchase obligations primarily related to inventory purchase commitments, software service and sponsorship contracts, and hosting arrangements. We have various manufacturing contracts with vendors in the conduct of the normal course of business. In order to manage future demand for its products, we enter into agreements with manufacturers and suppliers to procure inventory based upon certain criteria and timing.

Letters of Credit

At the end of fiscal 2020 and 2021, we had outstanding letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $11.5 million and $6.7 million, in connection with our facility leases. The letters of credit are collateralized by restricted cash and mature on various dates through August 2029.

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Legal Matters

From time to time, we have become involved in claims and other legal matters arising in the normal course of business. We investigate these claims as they arise. Although claims are inherently unpredictable, we currently are not aware of any matters that we expect to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accordingly, we have not recorded any loss contingency on our consolidated balance sheet as of the end of fiscal 2021.

Indemnification

Our arrangements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if our products or services infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights. Other guarantees or indemnification arrangements include guarantees of product and service performance and standby letters of credit for lease facilities. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification obligations due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. To date, we have not incurred any material costs as a result of such obligations and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, we indemnify our officers, directors and certain key employees while they are serving in good faith in their respective capacities. To date, there have been no claims under any indemnification provisions.

Note 9. Leases

We lease office facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements expiring through July 2032. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. During fiscal 2021, we ceased use of certain leased facilities that resulted in the recognition of certain exit costs - see Note 10 for further information. In addition, we executed an early renewal that modified an existing data center lease with additional lease payments of $27.3 million.

The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended

Short-term lease cost (12 months or less) 5,537 5,734

(1)Variable lease cost predominantly included common area maintenance charges.

Rent expense recognized under our operating leases prior to adoption of ASC 842 was $25.6 million during fiscal 2019.

At the end of fiscal 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 5.6 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 6.5%. At the end of fiscal 2021, the weighted-average remaining lease term is 5.2 years, and the weighted-average discount rate is 5.8%. Future lease payments under our non-cancelable operating leases at the end of fiscal 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Years Ending Operating Leases

Total future lease payments $ 179,082

Less: imputed interest (26,490)

Present value of lease liabilities $ 152,592

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Note 10. Restructuring and Other

During fiscal 2021, we ceased use of certain leased facilities and recorded an impairment charge of $7.5 million for operating lease right-of-use assets and leasehold improvements for these leases. In addition, we recognized a liability of $2.4 million for the remaining lease costs that will continue to be incurred without benefit to us.

During fiscal 2021, we effected workforce realignment plans to streamline our operations and recognized $12.2 million of restructuring costs related to one-time involuntary termination benefit costs. The restructuring charges are included in restructuring and other expenses in our consolidated statement of operations. The liability for unpaid amounts at the end of fiscal 2021 was $4.3 million.

During fiscal 2021, we incurred incremental costs of $9.8 million directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These costs primarily included the write-off of marketing commitments no longer deemed to have value for the remainder of fiscal 2021, estimated non-recoverable costs for internal events that could not be held, and hazard related premiums to support manufacturing operations. Of these costs, $8.9 million is included in restructuring and other expenses and $0.9 million is included in cost of revenue in our consolidated statements of operations for fiscal 2021.