ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following material factors, events and uncertainties may make an investment in the Company speculative or risky and should be reviewed carefully. The Company’s business faces the material risks set forth below; however, these risk factors do not identify all risks the Company faces, and additional risks or uncertainties that are currently unknown or are not currently believed to be material may occur or become material. The occurrence of these or the events and uncertainties described below may, in ways the Company may not be able to accurately predict, recognize or control, adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows, liquidity, demand, revenue, growth, prospects, reputation or stock price. All forward-looking statements made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf are qualified by the risks described below.
Risks Related to the Jones Act
Repeal, substantial amendment, or waiver of the Jones Act or its application would have an adverse effect on the Company’s business.
The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (commonly referred to as the Jones Act) regulates all interstate and intrastate marine commerce within the U.S. If the Jones Act were repealed, substantially amended or waived and, as a consequence, competitors were to enter the Hawaii or Alaska markets with lower operating costs by utilizing their ability to acquire and operate foreign-flagged and foreign-built vessels and/or being exempt from other U.S. regulations, the Company’s business would be adversely affected. In addition, the Company’s position as a U.S. citizen operator of Jones Act vessels would be negatively impacted if periodic efforts and attempts by foreign interests to circumvent certain aspects of the Jones Act were successful. If maritime cabotage services were included in the General Agreement on Trade in Services, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or other international trade agreements, or if the restrictions contained in the Jones Act were otherwise altered, the shipping of cargo between covered U.S. ports could be opened to foreign-flagged or foreign-built vessels and could have other adverse impacts to our business. In the past, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom has suggested that the Jones Act should be a topic of trade negotiations between the U.S. and the United Kingdom.
The Company’s business would be adversely affected if the Company were determined not to be a U.S. citizen under the Jones Act.
Certain provisions of the Company’s articles of incorporation protect the Company’s ability to maintain its status as a U.S. citizen under the Jones Act. If non-U.S. citizens were able to defeat such articles of incorporation restrictions and own in the aggregate more than 25 percent of the Company’s common stock, the Company would no longer be considered a U.S. citizen under the Jones Act. Such an event could result in the Company’s ineligibility to engage in coastwise trade and the imposition of substantial penalties against it, including seizure or forfeiture of its vessels.
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Risks Related to the Company’s Operations
Changes in economic conditions or governmental policies, including from the COVID-19 pandemic, have affected and could in the future affect the Company.
The transportation industry in which the Company operates has been impacted by fluctuations, volatility, downturns, inflation, recessions and other economic shifts or market instabilities, as well as the development of and changes in governmental policies and relations, across the jurisdictions in which it operates. These adverse economic conditions may also impact customers’ business levels and needs. Within the United States, a weakening of economic drivers in Hawaii and Alaska, which include tourism, military spending, construction, personal income growth and employment, the weakening of consumer confidence, market demand, and the economy in the U.S. Mainland, inflation, and the effect of a change in the strength of the U.S. dollar against other foreign currencies may reduce the demand for goods, adversely affecting inland and ocean transportation volumes or rates. In addition, overcapacity in the global or transpacific ocean transportation markets, a change in the cost of goods or currency exchange rates, pressure from U.S. or foreign governments, imposition of tariffs and uncertainties regarding tariff rates or a change in international trade policies could adversely affect freight volumes and rates in the Company’s China service.
Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the U.S. and global economies, shut down or limited many business operations, led to port closures, and disrupted manufacturing, rail services, supply chains, travel, drayage of containers and transportation of goods for extended periods of time. In the United States and in many other countries worldwide, public health officials and state and local governments have recommended or mandated a range of precautions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and its variants as they evolve and fluctuate in their global impacts. The full impact of such disruptions on the Company’s business remains uncertain.
The pandemic and related uncertainties and restrictions have previously reduced tourism in the markets the Company serves, including Hawaii, Guam and Alaska, and led to increased unemployment and weakened consumer demand in certain segments, including reduced demand for freight that the Company would otherwise carry in those tradelanes. Fluctuations in the price of oil and reduced demand from the decline in air or car travel in response to COVID-19 could further impact the Alaskan economy, which in turn could impact the Company’s business. In addition, the global macroeconomic effects of the pandemic and related impacts on the Company’s customers’ business operations, including financial difficulties or bankruptcies, may persist for an indefinite period, even after the pandemic has subsided.
In the Company’s China service, as a result of the pandemic, the Company has experienced increased demand for its expedited ocean services. As the pandemic subsides, supply and demand trends normalize and supply chain congestion eases, the high volumes and rates the Company has experienced will eventually decline, but the Company cannot predict the timing or size of such decline. These declines will reduce revenues, but certain fixed costs will remain. For example, the Company cannot terminate leases early for chartered vessels in the CLX+ service.
The high volumes of freight from China and supply chain congestion at U.S. West Coast ports have contributed to an industry-wide shortage of containers and chassis, resulting broadly in delays, backlog, limited throughput, cancelled sailings, and service interruptions within tradelanes and supply chains, as well as long lead times for new equipment. There have also been labor shortages at U.S. ports related to record cargo volume, the overall employment environment and wage pressures, and outbreaks of COVID-19 which has also contributed to supply chain and port congestion. If the Company cannot secure sufficient equipment or labor, or unload vessels on a timely basis to meet customers’ needs and schedules, customers may seek to have their transportation and logistics needs met by others on a temporary or permanent basis.
The Company’s operations have also been impacted by the pandemic. The Company’s employees are restricted in their ability to travel. The Company may be further impacted if its employees, including mariners aboard our vessels, are otherwise restricted from or unable to perform their duties, or if the Company’s or SSAT’s terminals are temporarily closed due to a COVID-19 outbreak. Some vessel dry-dockings could also be delayed or become more expensive if shipyards are unable to accommodate demand or obtain parts in a timely manner or if necessary personnel are not allowed to travel to the shipyards.
Due to the continuing uncertainty around the duration, breadth and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, including resurgences or mutations of the virus and the actions taken to contain the virus or treat its impact, including the
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availability, distribution, efficacy and public acceptance of vaccines, the ultimate impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows are difficult to predict with certaintyat this time. Additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic may give rise to additional risks or instigate or amplify the other risks described throughout these Risk Factors.
The shipping industry is competitive, and the Company has been impacted by new or increased competition.
The Company may face new competition by established or start-up shipping operators that enter the Company’s markets. The shipping industry is competitive with limited barriers to entry, especially in international tradelanes. Ocean carriers can shift vessels in and out of tradelanes or charter vessels to manage capacity and meet customer demands. For example, in 2020 and 2021, in response to rising demand, several new carriers entered the China tradelane in competition with the Company’s China service. The entry of a new competitor or the addition of new vessels or capacity by existing competition on any of the Company’s routes could result in a significant increase in available shipping capacity that could have an adverse effect on the Company’s volumes and rates.
The loss of or damage to key customer or agent relationships may adversely affect the Company’s business.
The Company’s businesses are dependent on their relationships with customers and agents, and derive a significant portion of their revenues from the Company’s largest customers. The Company’s business relies on its relationships with the U.S. military, freight forwarders and non-vessel owning common carriers, large retailers and consumer goods manufacturers, as well as other larger customers. For more information regarding the Company’s significant customers, see the discussion in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report.
The Company could also be adversely affected by any changes in the services, or changes to the costs of services, provided by third party vendors such as railroads, truckers, terminals, agents and shipping companies, including charter vessel owners. Service structures and relationships with these parties are important in the Company’s intermodal business, as well as in the China, Guam, Micronesia, Japan, Alaska export and South Pacific services.
The loss of or damage to any of these key relationships may adversely affect the Company’s business and revenue.
The Company is dependent upon key vendors and third-parties for equipment, capacity and services essential to operate its business, and if the Company fails to secure sufficient third-party services, its business could be adversely affected.
The Company’s businesses are dependent upon key vendors who provide terminal, rail, truck, and ocean transportation services. If the Company cannot secure sufficient transportation equipment, capacity or services from these third-parties at reasonable prices or rates to meet its or its customers’ needs and schedules, customers may seek to have their transportation and logistics needs met by others on a temporary or permanent basis. If this were to occur, the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
An increase in fuel prices, changes in the Company’s ability to collect fuel-related surcharges, and/or the cost or limited availability of required fuels on the U.S. West Coast may adversely affect the Company’s profits.
Fuel is a significant operating expense for the Company’s Ocean Transportation business. The price and supply of fuel are unpredictable and fluctuate based on events beyond the Company’s control. Increases in the price of fuel may adversely affect the Company’s results of operations. Increases in fuel costs also can lead to increases in other expenses, such as energy costs and costs to purchase outside transportation services. In the Company’s Ocean Transportation and Logistics services segments, the Company utilizes fuel-related surcharges, although increases in the fuel-related surcharge may adversely affect the Company’s competitive position and may not correspond exactly with the timing of increases in fuel expense. Changes in the Company’s ability to collect fuel-related surcharges also may adversely affect its results of operations.
Effective January 1, 2020, the IMO imposed a world-wide regulation generally requiring that all ships burn compliant fuel oil with a maximum sulfur content of less than or equal to 0.5 percent. Currently, LSFO is typically priced higher than HFO due to the need for further oil refinement. In some market instances, the prices between the two products could be inverted. There is no guarantee that the Company’s contracts to secure LSFO or HFO on the U.S. West Coast will secure quantities in sufficient amounts and at a reasonable cost. In addition, prolonged use of LSFO on some
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Matson vessels could degrade engine performance or lead to higher maintenance costs. The Company’s ability to recover the higher costs of IMO 2020 compliant fuel through fuel-related surcharges, the availability of LSFO, and the potential impact on vessel performance may adversely affect the Company’s operations, business and profit.
Evolving stakeholder expectations related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters exposes the Company to heightened scrutiny, additional costs, operational challenges and a number of risks.
Investors, advisory firms, employees, customers, suppliers, governments and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on, and establishing expectations for, ESG matters and related corporate practices, disclosures and initiatives. These evolving expectations may impact the Company’s reputation, business and attractiveness as an investment, employer or business partner to the extent the Company – including its initiatives, goals and reporting – meets or is perceived to meet those expectations, including as a result of any third-party rating or assessment. The adoption and expansion of ESG-related legislation and regulation have also resulted and may again result in increased capital expenditures and compliance, operational and other costs to the Company.
The Company’s public disclosures on its climate, sustainability, human capital and other ESG initiatives include its goals or expectations with respect to those matters, including greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emission reduction targets. These disclosures are aspirational and based on standards and frameworks for presenting and measuring progress that are not harmonized and are still developing, assumptions that may change, and disclosure controls and procedures that continue to evolve. The Company’s initiatives and goals may not be favored by certain stakeholders and could impact the attraction and retention of investors, customers and employees, as well as the Company’s willingness to do business with other companies or customers. Efforts to achieve the Company’s initiatives and goals face numerous risks and may be unsuccessful, result in additional costs or experience delays, and as a result may have a material negative impact on the Company, including its brand, reputation and stock price.
The Company may not be timely or successful in completing its fleet upgrade initiatives, which may result in significant costs and adversely impact the Company’s ability to meet its climate goals.
The Company’s four new Aloha and Kanaloa class vessels include dual fuel capable engines that can run on LSFO or liquefied natural gas (“LNG”). In November 2021, the Company announced plans to install tanks, piping and cryogenic equipment on Daniel K. Inouye and to re-engine Manukai to operate on LNG. The Company also expects to begin LNG installations on Kaimana Hila, Lurline and Matsonia, and to build three new LNG-ready vessels. In addition, the Company is in the process of building a new neighbor island flat-deck barge. The Company anticipates making significant capital expenditures in connection with these fleet initiatives. These initiatives may be hindered by substantial delays and long lead times for necessary equipment, including as a result of ongoing supply chain congestion, other residual impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, increased demand across the industry for LNG installations and conversions, and new ship-building. Additional operating costs may be incurred to the extent additional ships are needed to maintain schedule integrity while such updates and installations are performed. Once completed, operation of these vessels may be slowed to the extent they present new maintenance requirements or unforeseen complications.
Use of LNG fuel may not result in anticipated GHG emission reductions, and the Company’s investments in LNG-ready vessels may be insufficient to meet the Company’s previously announced GHG emission reduction goals on a timely basis or at all. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to secure LNG via bunker barges or other methods on the U.S. West Coast in sufficient amounts to fuel its vessels or at a reasonable cost, as increased demand for LNG could decrease available supply of LNG and increase prices. Governments have in the past and may again in the future impose tariffs on LNG that also may increase supply costs. As a result of these risks, the Company may not fully realize the benefits of these investments.
The Company’s operations are susceptible to weather, natural disasters, maritime accidents, spill events and other physical and operating risks, including those arising from climate change.
As a maritime transportation company, the Company’s operations are vulnerable to disruption as a result of weather, natural disasters and other climate-driven events, such as rising temperatures, sea levels and storm severity, bad weather at sea, hurricanes, typhoons, tsunamis, floods and earthquakes, as well as a maritime accident, oil or other spill, or other environmental mishap. Climate change has increased and may continue to increase the frequency, severity and uncertainty of such events. Such events interfere with the Company’s ability to provide on-time scheduled service, resulting in increased expenses and potential loss of business associated with such events. In addition, severe weather
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and natural disasters can result in interference with the Company’s terminal operations and may cause serious damage to its vessels and cranes. These impacts could be particularly acute in certain ports in Alaska where the Company is dependent on a single crane. The Company’s vessels and their cargoes are also subject to operating risks such as mechanical failure, collisions and human error.
The occurrence of any of these events may result in damage to or loss of vessels, containers, cargo and other equipment, increased maintenance expense, loss of life or physical injury to its employees or people, pollution, or the slow down or suspension of operations. These events can expose the Company to reputational harm and liability for resulting damages and possible penalties that, pursuant to typical maritime industry policies, it must pay and then seek reimbursement from its insurer. Affected vessels may also be removed from service and thus would be unavailable for income-generating activity.
The Company’s casualty and liability insurance policies are generally subject to large retentions and deductibles and may not cover all losses the Company may incur. Some types of losses, such as losses resulting from a port blockage, generally are not insured. In some cases, the Company retains the entire risk of loss because it is not economically prudent to purchase insurance coverage or because of the perceived remoteness of the risk. Other risks are uninsured because insurance coverage may not be commercially available. Finally, the Company retains all risk of loss that exceeds the limits of its insurance.
The Company may be impacted by transitional and other risks arising from climate change.
The Company may be impacted by transitional and other risks arising from climate change and the global shift toward a low carbon future. Organizational, industrial and governmental shifts in operations as well as legal and regulatory requirements to reduce or eliminate emissions and/or increase efficiency may require the Company to increase expenditures, make changes to existing infrastructure, vessels and equipment and shift its business model. For example, the maritime industry is moving toward deployment of clean energy technologies and use of electricity powered by renewable energy sources to power terminal operations as a way to reduce shoreside greenhouse gas emissions. As the Company and SSAT increase their reliance on the power grid at terminals, including for cold-ironing and ground service fleets, the Company may experience increased risks related to power outages, brown outs or black outs. The likelihood of these risks is compounded by uncertainties regarding the reliability of renewable energy sources as well as any increased frequency of extreme weather events that may disrupt the generation or transmission of electricity. In addition, compliance with new climate change requirements or regulations such as the IMO’s requirements related to EEXI and CII could require Matson’s fleet to slow down if efficiency improvements or transitions to alternative fuels together are not enough to reduce GHG emissions sufficiently, thus impacting Matson’s expedited business model and competitive advantage. New environmental requirements for vessel performance and operation could also require the Company to accelerate the building of new vessels, increase the construction costs for new vessels and equipment to accommodate even newer technology as it emerges while today’s technology becomes obsolete, initiate unexpected retrofit projects for existing vessels, retire older vessels earlier than expected, or render reserve vessels unusable. If these outcomes were to occur, the Company’s business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected.
In addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company faces risks related to actual or threatened health epidemics, pandemics or other major health crises, which could significantly disrupt the Company’s business.
The Company’s business could be impacted adversely by the effects of public health epidemics, pandemics or other major heath crises (which the Company refers to collectively as public health crises). Actual or threatened public health crises may have a number of adverse impacts, including volatility in the global economy, impacts to the Company’s customers’ business operations, reduced tourism in the markets the Company serves, or significant disruptions in ocean-borne transportation of goods, logistics demand and supply chain activity, caused by a variety of factors such as quarantines, factory and office closures, port closures, or other government-imposed restrictions, any of which could adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
The Company’s significant operating agreements and leases could be replaced on less favorable terms or may not be replaced when they expire.
The significant operating agreements and leases entered into by the Company in its businesses, including those related to terminals, chartered vessels and warehouses as well as those with SSAT, expire at various points in the future and may
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not be replaced with comparable assets with the specifications necessary for the Company’s or SSAT’s businesses or could be replaced on less favorable terms, thereby adversely affecting the Company’s future financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company may face unexpected dry-docking or repair costs for its vessels.
The Company routinely engage shipyards to dry-dock its vessels for regulatory compliance and to provide repair and maintenance. Vessels may also have to be dry-docked or repaired at sea in the event of accidents or other unforeseen damage. Unexpected dry-dockings or repairs could require the Company to activate a reserve vessel, purchase additional fuel and operate a less-efficient, smaller vessel for a period of time. The Company also operates a number of older active and reserve vessels that may require more frequent and extensive maintenance. The cost of repairs is difficult to predict with certainty and can be substantial. In addition, the time when a vessel is out of service for maintenance is determined by a number of factors, including regulatory deadlines, market conditions, shipyard availability and customer requirements, and accordingly, the length of time that a vessel may be out of service may be longer than anticipated, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company is involved in a joint venture and is subject to risks associated with joint venture relationships.
The Company is involved in a terminal joint venture with SSAT (and through SSAT, other joint ventures at various U.S. West Coast terminals), and may initiate future joint venture projects. A joint venture involves certain risks for the Company such as:
In addition, the Company relies on SSAT for its stevedoring services at the ports of Long Beach and Oakland, California and Tacoma, Washington on the U.S. West Coast. The Company could be adversely affected by any changes in the services provided or to the costs of such services provided by SSAT.
The Company is subject to risks associated with conducting business in foreign shipping markets.
Matson’s China, Alaska export, Micronesia, Japan and South Pacific services are subject to risks associated with conducting business in a foreign shipping market, which include:
● Not having continued access to existing port facilities or feeder vessels;
● Political and economic instability; and
The Company’s terminals in Hawaii and Alaska require modernization.
The Company has completed the first phase of renovating and modernizing its Sand Island terminal in Honolulu Harbor. Significant additional upgrades and projects remain. The Company has also continued discussions with state and local authorities in Anchorage, Alaska regarding upgrades to those terminal and port facilities. Regulatory, construction or other delays or cost overruns related to the expansion and modernization of the terminals could have an adverse impact
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on the Company’s business plans, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the terminal modernization programs may not result in improved operational productivity or generate expected returns.
Heightened security measures, war, actual or threatened terrorist attacks, efforts to combat terrorism and other acts of violence may adversely impact the Company’s operations and profitability.
War, terrorist attacks and other acts of violence may cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease, or may affect the ability or willingness of tourists to travel to Hawaii, Guam or Alaska, thereby adversely affecting those economies and the Company. Additionally, future terrorist attacks could increase volatility in the U.S. and worldwide financial markets. Acts of war or terrorism may be directed at the Company’s shipping operations, or may cause the U.S. government to take control of Matson’s vessels for military operation. Heightened security measures, including customs inspections and related procedures in countries of origin and destination, potentially slow the movement and increase the cost of freight through U.S. or foreign ports, across borders or on U.S. or foreign railroads or highways.
Acquisitions may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business.
The Company’s growth strategy includes expansion through acquisitions, including, for example, the Company’s acquisitions of Horizon Lines, Inc. (“Horizon”) in 2015 and Span Intermediate, LLC (“Span Alaska”) in 2016. There is no assurance that the Company will be successful in identifying, negotiating, or consummating any future acquisitions. Even if suitable candidates are identified, such transactions may result in difficulties in assimilating acquired assets or companies, and may result in the diversion of the Company’s capital and its management attention from other business issues and opportunities. The Company may not be able to integrate companies that it acquires successfully, including their personnel, financial systems, distribution, operations and general operating procedures. The Company may also encounter challenges in achieving appropriate internal control over financial reporting in connection with the integration of an acquired company. The Company may pay a premium for an acquisition, resulting in goodwill that may later be determined to be impaired.
Risks Related to Employees
Work stoppages or other labor disruptions caused by the Company’s unionized workers and other workers or their unions in related industries could adversely affect the Company’s operations.
A significant portion of Matson’s employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Furthermore, the Company relies on the services of third-parties, including SSAT, which employ persons covered by collective bargaining agreements. For additional information on collective bargaining agreements with unions, see Item 1.C. Employees and Labor Relations of Part I of this Annual Report.
The Company has been adversely affected by actions taken by employees of the Company or other companies in related industries against efforts by management of the Company or other companies to control labor costs, restrain wage or benefit increases or modify work practices. Strikes, slow-downs and disruptions have occurred as a result of the failure of Matson or other companies in its industry to negotiate collective bargaining agreements with such unions successfully.
In addition, any slow-downs, strikes, lock-outs or other disruptions, including limits on the availability of labor through trade union hiring halls, have had and in the future, particularly in years when collective bargaining agreements are being negotiated, could have an adverse impact on Matson’s or SSAT’s operations.
Loss of the Company’s key personnel or failure to adequately manage human capital could adversely affect its business.
The Company’s future success will depend, in significant part, upon the continued services of its key personnel and skilled employees, including its senior management, as well as key personnel at its joint venture partners. The permanent or temporary loss of the services of key personnel could adversely affect the Company’s future operating results because of such employees’ experience with and knowledge of the Company’s business and customer relationships. If key personnel and skilled employees depart or are unable to work, the Company’s ability to execute its business model could be impaired to the extent it cannot replace such personnel or sufficiently train new personnel in a timely manner. In addition, the Company may incur significant costs to replace these employees. Whether the
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Company can meet its labor needs is subject to a variety of pressures, including market compensation and benefit levels, which may be impacted by pressure within the industry to increase wages, including due to the threat of a labor strike; the availability of labor, which may be impacted by national and global labor trends including higher-than-normal levels of individuals leaving the workforce during COVID-19 and industry trends including aging workforces that may reduce the available pool of skilled workers; a mismatch of skills or experience to support the evolving needs of the Company’s business; and employee expectations or desire for changes in the work environment. In addition, the Company’s workforce is aging, and within the next few years an increasing number of employees will be eligible to retire, which may result in a period of higher turnover rates than we have historically experienced and could amplify these challenges. The Company does not maintain key person insurance on any of its key personnel.
The Company’s investments in and efforts to manage its human capital and maintain a desirable workplace culture, including to create a safe and healthy work environment, improve diversity and create a respectful, responsive and inclusive culture, and foster a rewarding workplace for employee development and advancement, may not be successful in identifying, attracting, developing, motivating, retaining, competing for or replacing qualified personnel. These efforts and the Company’s reputation may also be impacted by any failure or perceived failure to meet or timely progress on publicly disclosed human capital-related goals and initiatives, including with respect to diversity, equity and inclusion, or to compare favorably with the progress or goals of its industry or peers. In addition, the Company may be subject to federal, state or local vaccine or other COVID-19 related mandates (including as a U.S. government contractor) and enforcement of such mandates may result in reputational harm, labor disruption and increased operating costs and impact the Company’s ability to attract and retain qualified talent, among other risks.
Risks Related to Information Technology
If the Company is not able to use its information technology and communications systems effectively, the Company’s ability to conduct business might be negatively impacted.
The Company is highly dependent on the proper functioning of our information technology systems to enable operations and compete effectively. The Company regularly updates its information technology systems or implements new systems, which could cause substantial business interruption. There is no assurance that the systems upgrades or new systems will meet the Company’s current or future business needs, or that they will operate as designed. For example, the Company recently completed a multi-year process to implement a new enterprise resource planning, or ERP, system intended to enhance operating efficiencies and provide more effective management of its business operations. System enhancements are on-going.
The Company’s information technology systems also rely on third-party service providers for access to the Internet, satellite-based communications systems, the electric grid, database storage facilities and telecommunications providers. The Company has no control over the operations of these third-party service providers. In the past, disruptions in the Company’s third-party service providers have impacted the Company’s operations, including the Company’s ability to book and manage freight, stow vessels, and process customs declarations. During periods where government and health officials recommended or required doing so in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the Company’s employees worked from home or remotely, increasing the Company’s dependence on its information technology systems and third-party providers during that time. If the Company’s information technology and communications systems experience reliability issues, integration or compatibility concerns or if the Company’s third-party providers are unable to perform effectively or experience disruptions or failures, there could be an adverse impact on the availability and functioning of the Company’s information technology and communications systems, which could lead to business disruption or inefficiencies, reputational harm or loss of customers.
The Company’s information technology systems have in the past and may in the future be exposed to cybersecurity risks and other disruptions that could impair the Company’s ability to operate and adversely affect its business.
The shipping industry is a more frequent target of cyber attacks than some other industries because of the essential nature of these services. The Company relies extensively on its information technology systems and third-party service providers in many aspects of its business, including cloud services for accounting, billing, disbursement, cargo booking and tracking, vessel scheduling and stowage, equipment tracking, customer service, banking, payroll and employee communication systems. The Company also collects, stores and transmits sensitive data, including its proprietary business information and that of its customers, and personally identifiable information of its customers and employees.
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Despite the Company’s continuous efforts to make investments in the Company’s information technology systems and system-wide data security program, the implementation of security measures to protect the Company’s data and infrastructure against breaches and other cyber threats, and the Company’s use of internal processes and controls designed to protect the security and availability of the Company’s systems, the Company has in the past experienced and may in the future experience cybersecurity risks, such as computer viruses, hacking, malware, denial of service attacks, cyber terrorism, circumvention of security systems, malfeasance, breaches due to employee error, natural disasters, telecommunications failure, or other catastrophic events at the Company’s facilities, aboard its vessels or at third-party locations.
Any failure, breach or unauthorized access to the Company’s systems or those of third-parties on which the Company relies could result in the loss of confidential, sensitive or proprietary information, interruptions in its service or production or otherwise impact the Company’s ability to conduct business operations, and could result in potential reductions in revenue and profits, damage to its reputation or liability.
Risks Related to Financial Matters
The Company may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if recorded intangible assets associated with the Span Alaska acquisition become impaired.
The Company recorded significant intangible assets related to goodwill, customer relationships and trade name arising from the Span Alaska acquisition. The Company is required to test goodwill for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Factors that could lead to an impairment of goodwill or intangible customer relationships include any significant adverse changes affecting the reporting segment’s financial condition, results of operations, and future cash flows.
A deterioration of the Company’s credit profile, disruptions of the credit markets or higher interest rates could restrict its ability to access the debt capital markets or increase the cost of debt.
Deterioration in the Company’s credit profile may have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to access the private or public debt markets and also may increase its borrowing costs. If the Company’s credit profile deteriorates significantly, its access to the debt capital markets or its ability to renew its committed lines of credit may become restricted, or the Company may not be able to refinance debt at the same levels or on the same terms. Because the Company relies on its ability to draw on its revolving credit facilities to support its operations when required, any volatility in the credit and financial markets that prevents the Company from accessing funds (for example, a lender that does not fulfill its lending obligation) could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, the Company’s credit agreements generally include an increase in borrowing rates if the Company’s credit profile deteriorates. Furthermore, the Company incurs interest under its revolving credit facilities based on floating rates. Floating rate debt creates higher debt service requirements if market interest rates increase, as may be the case in connection with the U.S. Federal Reserve’s announced plans to increase interest rates in 2022, which would adversely affect the Company’s cash flow and results of operations. In addition, the floating rate on certain borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility is tied to LIBOR. Regulators in the United States and other countries have begun to phase out the use of LIBOR, with a complete phase out of U.S. dollar LIBOR rates currently expected by June 2023. Uncertainty regarding the transition from LIBOR to an alternate benchmark rate or rates could pose funding risks for the Company and adversely affect the Company’s financing costs. Disruptions to the credit markets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or other macroeconomic or financial market developments could increase the Company’s cost of capital and limit the Company’s access to capital.
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Failure to comply with certain restrictive financial covenants contained in the Company’s credit facilities could preclude the payment of dividends, impose restrictions on the Company’s business segments, capital resources or other activities or otherwise adversely affect the Company.
The Company’s credit facilities contain certain restrictive financial covenants, the most restrictive of which include a maximum ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), a minimum ratio of EBITDA to interest expense, certain prohibitions on additional priority debt, certain prohibitions on sale and leaseback transactions, and the maintenance of minimum shareholders’ equity. If the Company does not maintain these and other required covenants, and a breach of such covenants is not cured timely or waived by the lenders, resulting in a default, the Company’s access to credit may be limited or terminated, dividends may be suspended, and the lenders could declare any outstanding amounts due and payable. The Company’s continued ability to borrow under its credit facilities is subject to compliance with these financial and other non-financial covenants.
The Company’s effective income tax rate may vary.
Various internal and external factors may have favorable or unfavorable material or immaterial effects on the Company’s effective income tax rate and, therefore, impact the Company’s net income and earnings per share. These factors include, but are not limited to changes in tax rates; changes in tax laws, regulations, and rulings; changes in interpretations of existing tax laws, regulations and rulings; changes in the evaluation of the Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets, and changes in uncertain tax positions; changes in accounting principles; changes in current pre-tax income as well as changes in forecasted pre-tax income; changes in the level of Capital Construction Fund (“CCF”) deductions, non-deductible expenses, and expenses eligible for tax credits; changes in the mix of earnings among countries with varying tax rates; changes to the allowable amounts of foreign derived intangible income deductions; and acquisitions and changes in the Company’s corporate structure. These factors may result in periodic revisions to the Company’s effective income tax rate, which could affect the Company’s cash flow and results of operations.
Changes in the value of pension assets, or a change in pension law or key assumptions, may adversely affect the Company’s financial performance.
The amount of the Company’s employee pension and post-retirement benefit costs and obligations is calculated on assumptions used in the relevant actuarial calculations. Adverse changes in any of these assumptions due to economic or other factors, changes in discount rates, higher health care costs, or lower actual or expected returns on plan assets, may adversely affect the Company’s operating results, cash flows, and financial condition. In addition, a change in federal law, including changes to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act or Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation premiums, may adversely affect the Company’s single-employer and multi-employer pension plans and plan funding. These factors, as well as a decline in the fair value of pension plan assets, may put upward pressure on the cost of providing pension and medical benefits and may increase future pension expense and required funding contributions. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in limiting future cost and expense increases, and continued upward pressure in costs and expenses could further reduce the profitability of the Company’s businesses.
The Company may have exposure under its multi-employer pension and post-retirement plans in which it participates that extends beyond its funding obligation with respect to the Company’s employees.
The Company contributes to various multi-employer pension plans. In the event of a partial or complete withdrawal by the Company from any plan that is underfunded, the Company would be liable for a proportionate share of such plan’s unfunded vested benefits (see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report). Based on the limited information available from plan administrators, which the Company cannot independently validate, the Company believes that its portion of the contingent liability in the case of a full withdrawal or termination may be material to its financial position and results of operations. If any other contributing employer withdraws from any plan that is underfunded, and such employer (or any member of its controlled group) cannot satisfy its obligations under the plan at the time of withdrawal, then the Company, along with the other remaining contributing employers, would be liable for its proportionate share of such plan’s unfunded vested benefits. In addition, if any of the multi-employer plans to which the Company contributes fails to satisfy the minimum funding requirements, the Internal Revenue Service will impose certain penalties and taxes on the Company and other contributing employers.
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Risks Related to Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Matters
As an ocean transportation and logistics services company, the Company is subject to numerous safety, environmental, and other laws and regulations that impact the Company’s operations, are costly to comply with and expose us to liability.
The Company, including its vessels and terminals, is subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, including those related to safety, cabotage, equipment standards and government rates. In addition, the Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to air quality initiatives at port locations; air emissions; use of shore power at California ports; wastewater discharges; management of storm water; the transportation, handling and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, oil and oil-related products, hazardous substances and wastes; the investigation and remediation of contamination; health, safety and the protection of the environment and natural resources; and climate change, including any regulations, mandates or restrictions related to greenhouse gas emissions, such as a “cap and trade” system of allowances and credits, and energy use. Any changes in applicable laws and regulations, including their enforcement, interpretation or implementation that results in more stringent requirements than currently anticipated, as well as any new laws and regulations that are adopted could impose significant additional costs and limitations on the Company’s ability to operate. Mitigation strategies or contingency plans to remain in compliance with applicable laws and regulations may be unsuccessful, result in additional costs or experience delays. Such costs may not be recoverable through increased payments from customers. For a discussion of specific laws and regulations, see Part I, Item 1, of this Annual Report.
Federal, state and local laws and regulations require us to obtain certificates of financial responsibility and to adopt procedures for oil and hazardous substance spill prevention, response and clean up, among other requirements impacting the Company’s business. In complying with applicable laws and regulations, the Company has incurred expenses and may incur material future costs and expenses related to vessel and equipment modifications, new equipment, higher-priced fuel, changes in operating practices and procedures, tracking emissions, changing routes, adopting or modifying energy sources and undergoing additional oversight inspections, all of which could adversely affect the Company’s business and financial condition. For example, Matson’s vessels operate within emissions control areas, and the Company’s U.S. flagged vessels generally must be maintained “in class” and are subject to periodic inspections by the American Bureau of Shipping or similar classification societies. They also must be periodically inspected by, or on behalf of, the United States Coast Guard. The Company’s vessels’ operating certificates and licenses are renewed periodically during the required annual surveys of the vessels, but there is no assurance that the Company’s programs and policies will be sufficient to have such certificates and licenses renewed. The EPA also requires vessels to obtain coverage under a general permit and to comply with inspection, monitoring, discharge, recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
These laws and regulations provide for substantial fines, as well as criminal and civil penalties, in the event of any violations of, or non-compliance with, their requirements (including any waivers, permits or recordkeeping and other reporting requirements). Any vessel-generated pollution from incidents in U.S. waters within three nautical miles, and in some cases, within the 200-mile exclusive economic zone, for example, could expose us to such fines or penalties.
The Company is subject to, and may in the future be subject to, disputes, legal or other proceedings, and government inquiries or investigations that could have an adverse effect on the Company.
The nature of the Company’s business exposes it to the potential for disputes, legal or other proceedings, and government inquiries or investigations relating to antitrust matters, labor and employment matters, personal injury and property damage, environmental, shore power and other matters, as discussed in the other risk factors disclosed in this section or in other Company filings with the SEC. For example, Matson is a common carrier, whose tariffs, rates, rules and practices in dealing with its customers are governed by extensive and complex foreign, federal, state and local regulations, which may be the subject of disputes or administrative or judicial proceedings. If these disputes develop into proceedings, these proceedings, individually or collectively, could involve or result in significant expenditures or losses by the Company, or result in significant changes to Matson’s tariffs, rates, rules and practices in dealing with its customers.
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The Company may continue to be exposed to risks and unknown liabilities related to the Horizon acquisition.
The Company acquired Horizon subject to all of the liabilities and obligations of its non-Hawaii business, including any remaining liabilities and obligations associated with its Puerto Rico operations, which Horizon ceased during the first quarter of 2015. The disposition of these liabilities, and any other obligations that are unknown to the Company, including contingent liabilities, could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
Pasha acquired Horizon’s former Hawaii business immediately before the Company acquired Horizon, and Pasha assumed substantially all liabilities and obligations related to Horizon’s Hawaii business and agreed to perform various covenants. In some cases, however, Horizon, as the original contracting party, may remain primarily responsible for such assumed Hawaii liabilities and obligations. The Company may incur losses related to such assumed Hawaii liabilities and obligations.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Matson leases terminal facilities including office and storage space. Material terminal facilities, which are used by the Company’s Ocean Transportation segment, include the following locations:
Terminal Location Acreage
Honolulu, Hawaii 105
Anchorage, Alaska 38
Dutch Harbor, Alaska 18
Kodiak, Alaska 6
Tacoma, Washington 15
Polaris Point, Guam 30
The Company’s other primary terminal facilities located at the ports of Oakland and Long Beach, California, and Tacoma, Washington are leased by SSAT.
Other material facilities used in the Company’s operations by both of the Company’s segments include the following:
Other Material Facilities Description of Facility Square Footage
Pooler, Georgia Warehouse 710,844
Oakland, California Warehouse 406,463
Pooler, Georgia Warehouse 324,832
Oakland, California Warehouse 132,000
Anchorage, Alaska Office / Cross-dock 54,000
Auburn, Washington Office / Cross-dock 51,250
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Environmental Matters: The Company’s Ocean Transportation segment has certain risks that could result in expenditures for environmental remediation.
In accordance with SEC rules, with respect to administrative or judicial proceedings involving the environment, the Company has determined that in future filings it will disclose any such proceeding if it reasonably believes such proceeding will result in monetary sanctions, exclusive of interest and costs, at or in excess of $1 million. The Company believes that such threshold is reasonably designed to result in disclosure of environmental proceedings that are material to its business or financial condition.
On November 10, 2021, the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) issued a Notice of Violation (the “NOV”) to Matson for alleged violations of the Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Auxiliary Diesel Engines Operated on Ocean-Going Vessels At-Berth in a California Port pursuant to California Code of Regulations, title 17, section 93118.3. CARB regulations require that a company’s fleet plug into shore power for at least 80 percent of visits at California ports and reduce auxiliary engine power generation by at least 80 percent. The NOV alleges that Matson’s fleet did not meet the 80 percent thresholds during visits to the Port of Long Beach in 2020. The violations were alleged to have been incurred by chartered vessels in the CLX+ service. These chartered vessels were not outfitted with alternative maritime power (“AMP”) capability which would have allowed them to plug into the shore power grid and shut down the vessel diesel generators when at dock. The Company has presented mitigating factors for consideration in settlement discussions with CARB, as well as plans to achieve compliance in 2022. Although potential penalties for 2020 and 2021 violations could, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to exceed $1 million, they are not expected to be material to the Company’s business or financial condition.
Other Matters: The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to, or may be contingently liable in connection with, other legal actions arising in the normal course of their businesses, the outcomes of which, in the opinion of management after consultation with counsel, would not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
General Information: Matson’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “MATX”. As of February 18, 2022, there were 2,018 shareholders of record of Matson common stock.
Stockholder Return Performance Graph and Trading Information:The following information in this Item 5 shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933.
The cumulative total return listed below assumed an initial investment of $100 and reinvestment of dividends at each fiscal end and measures the performance of this investment as of the last trading day in the month of December for each of the five years ended December 31, 2021. The graph is a historical representation of past performance only and is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
Trading volume averaged 291,899 shares a day in 2021, compared with 234,930 shares a day in 2020 and 155,804 shares a day in 2019, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange.
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Dividends: Dividends declared per share of common stock by the Company for each fiscal quarter during 2021, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
Matson’s Board of Directors also declared a cash dividend of $0.30 per share for the first quarter 2022, payable on March 3, 2022 to shareholders of record on February 10, 2022. Although Matson expects to continue paying quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, the declaration and payment of dividends are subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon Matson’s financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.
Share Repurchases: The following is a summary of Matson common stock repurchased by the Company during the three months ended December 31, 2021:
Total Number of Maximum Number
Shares Purchased of Shares that May
Total Number of as Part of Publicly Be Purchased
Shares Average Price Announced Plans or Under the Plans or
Period Purchased Paid Per Share Programs (1) Programs
On January 27, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the addition of three million shares to the Company’s existing share repurchase program.
ITEM 6. REMOVED AND RESERVED
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTORS
The Company, from time to time, may make or may have made certain forward-looking statements, whether orally or in writing, such as forecasts and projections of the Company’s future performance or statements of management’s plans and objectives. These statements are “forward-looking” statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements may be contained in, among other things, SEC filings such as Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, the Annual Report to Shareholders, press releases made by the Company, the Company’s Internet websites (including websites of its subsidiaries), and oral statements made by the officers of the Company. Except for historical information contained in these written or oral communications, such communications contain forward-looking statements. These include, for example, all references to 2022 or future years. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for the Company to predict all such risk factors, nor can it assess the impact of all such risk factors on the Company’s business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Accordingly, forward-looking statements cannot be relied upon as a guarantee of future results and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the statements, including but not limited to the factors that are described in Part I, Item 1A under the caption of “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K, which section is incorporated herein by reference. The Company is not required, and undertakes no obligation, to revise or update forward-looking statements or any factors that may affect actual results, whether as a result of new information, future events, or circumstances occurring after the date of this report.
OVERVIEW
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a discussion of the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect its future results from the perspective of management. The discussion that follows is intended to provide information that will assist in understanding the changes in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements from year to year, the primary factors that accounted for those changes, and how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates affect the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below. Discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Matson for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 can be found in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021.
MD&A is presented in the following sections:
◾ Historical Financial Information
◾ Fourth Quarter 2021 Discussion and Update on Business Conditions
◾ Consolidated Results of Operations
◾ Analysis of Operating Revenue and Income by Segment
◾ Liquidity and Capital Resources
◾ Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
◾ Critical Accounting Estimates
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HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The comparative selected financial information of the Company is presented for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2021. The information should be read in conjunction with Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” All fiscal years include 52 weeks, except for the year ended December 31, 2021 which includes 53 weeks (a description of the Company’s fiscal year is included in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below):
Operating Revenue:
Operating and Net Income:
Other income (expense), net 6.4 6.1 1.2 2.6 2.1
Capital Expenditures:
Depreciation and Amortization:
Earnings Per Share in Net Income:
Cash dividends per share declared $ 1.06 $ 0.90 $ 0.86 $ 0.82 $ 0.78
As of December 31:
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FOURTH QUARTER 2021 DISCUSSION AND UPDATE ON BUSINESS CONDITIONS
Ocean Transportation: The Company’s container volume in the Hawaii service in the fourth quarter 2021 was 10.4 percent higher year-over-year. The increase was primarily due to (i) higher retail- and hospitality-related demand due to the continued rebound in tourism and the Hawaii economy and (ii) the benefit of an extra week, compared to the pandemic-reduced volume in the year ago period. Volume in the fourth quarter 2020 was negatively impacted by the state’s COVID-19 mitigation efforts, including restrictions on tourism. Tourism and the Hawaii economy continued to rebound in the fourth quarter 2021 despite a softening in airline passenger traffic early in the quarter due to the state’s efforts to address the spread of the COVID-19 Delta variant. In the near-term, we are cautiously optimistic on further economic recovery in Hawaii primarily due to improvement in the unemployment rate and increasing tourism traffic, including international visitors later in the year, but incremental waves of COVID-19 variants present the possibility of further economic slowdowns.
In China, the Company’s container volume in the fourth quarter 2021 increased 32.7 percent year-over-year. The increase was primarily due to volume from the China-California Express (“CCX”) service and the benefit of an extra week. The total number of eastbound voyages in the China service, including the impact of an extra week, increased by nine year-over-year, of which eight were CCX voyages and one was a CLX voyage. Volume demand in the quarter was driven by e-commerce, garments and other goods. Matson continued to realize a significant rate premium over the Shanghai Containerized Freight Index in the fourth quarter 2021 and achieved average freight rates that were considerably higher than in the year ago period. Supply chain congestion remains the current issue in the Transpacific tradelane due to ongoing elevated consumption trends, U.S. domestic supply chain constraints, and inventory restocking. For 2022, we expect these conditions to remain largely in place through at least the October peak season and expect elevated demand for our China service for most of the year.
In Guam, the Company’s container volume in the fourth quarter 2021 increased 14.0 percent year-over-year primarily due to higher retail-related demand compared to the pandemic-reduced volume in the year ago period. In the near-term, we are cautiously optimistic on further economic growth in Guam as tourism traffic improves as the year progresses.
In Alaska, the Company’s container volume for the fourth quarter 2021 increased 10.2 percent year-over-year primarily due to (i) the increase in volume from the Alaska-Asia Express (“AAX”), (ii) the benefit of an extra week, and (iii) higher southbound volume. In the near-term, we expect improving economic trends in Alaska, but the recovery’s trajectory continues to remain uncertain.
The contribution in the fourth quarter 2021 from the Company’s SSAT joint venture investment was $21.3 million, or $10.4 million higher than the fourth quarter 2020. The increase was primarily driven by higher other terminal revenue and higher revenue per lift.
Logistics: In the fourth quarter 2021, operating income for the Company’s Logistics segment was $14.8 million, or $5.2 million higher compared to the level achieved in the fourth quarter 2020. The increase was due primarily to higher contributions from supply chain management and transportation brokerage as a result of elevated goods consumption, inventory restocking and favorable supply and demand fundamentals in our core markets.
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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following analysis of the financial results of operations of Matson for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below.
Consolidated Results: 2021 compared with 2020:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 2021 2020 Change
Other income (expense), net 6.4 6.1 0.3 4.9 %
Fiscal Year: Fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 include 53 and 52 weeks, respectively.
Consolidated Operating Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $1,542.0 million, or 64.7 percent, compared to the prior year. The increase was due to an increase in Ocean Transportation revenue of $1,278.9 million and an increase in Logistics revenue of $263.1 million.
Operating Costs and Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $634.8 million, or 30.2 percent, compared to the prior year. The increase was due to an increase in Ocean Transportation operating costs and expenses of $386.0 million and an increase in Logistics operating costs and expenses of $248.8 million.
Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $907.2 million, or 323.7 percent, compared to the prior year. The increase was due to an increase in Ocean Transportation operating income of $892.9 million and an increase in Logistics operating income of $14.3 million.
The reasons for changes in operating revenue, operating costs and expenses, and operating income are described below, by business segment, in the Analysis of Operating Revenue and Income by Segment.
Interest Expense was $22.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $27.4 million in the prior year. The decrease in interest expense was due to lower outstanding debt during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the prior year.
Other Income (Expense), net was $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $6.1 million in the prior year, and relates to the amortization of certain components of net periodic benefit costs or gains related to the Company’s pension and post-retirement plans, and interest income received from income tax refunds. The increase in Other income (expense) was due to favorable adjustments reflected in the Company’s pension and post-retirement plan liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Income Taxes for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $243.9 million, or 20.8 percent of income before income taxes, compared to $65.9 million, or 25.4 percent of income before income taxes in the prior year. The 2021 income tax rate benefited from a 2.5 percent deduction related to foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”) under Section 250 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company benefits from a FDII deduction as it relates to a U.S. corporation that generates income from services provided to foreign countries. The 2021 income tax rate also benefited from other discrete adjustments that lowered the effective tax rate in the current year.
Net Income during the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $734.3 million, or 380.3 percent, compared to the prior year.
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ANALYSIS OF OPERATING REVENUE AND INCOME BY SEGMENT
The following analysis of operating revenue and income by segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 should be read in conjunction with the Company’s reportable segments information included in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II.
Ocean Transportation:2021 compared with 2020:
Years Ended December 31,
Operating income margin 36.3 % 13.2 %
Ocean Transportation revenue increased $1,278.9 million, or 69.0 percent, during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher revenue in China and Hawaii, higher fuel-related surcharge revenue, and higher revenue in Alaska. The higher revenue in China was primarily due to considerably higher average freight rates and higher volume. The higher revenue in Hawaii and Alaska was primarily the result of higher volume.
On a year-over-year FEU basis, Hawaii container volume increased 8.2 percent primarily due to (a) higher retail and hospitality-related demand due to the reopening of the Hawaii economy compared to the negatively impacted volume in the year ago period as a result of the pandemic and the state’s COVID-19 mitigation efforts and (b) the benefit of an extra week, partially offset by volume associated with the dry-docking of a competitor’s vessel in the second quarter of last year; Alaska volume increased by 7.7 percent due to (i) the increase in volume from the AAX, (ii) higher northbound volume primarily due to higher retail-related demand compared to the negatively impacted volume in the year ago period as a result of the pandemic and the state’s COVID-19 mitigation efforts, (iii) higher southbound volume, and (iv) the benefit of an extra week; China volume was 55.4 percent higher primarily due to (A) incremental volume from the CLX+ service, (B) the addition of volume from the CCX service, (C) higher volume on the CLX service as a result of increased capacity in the tradelane, and (D) the benefit of an extra week; Guam volume was 15.9 percent higher primarily due to higher retail-related demand compared to the negatively impacted volume in the year ago period as a result of the pandemic and the island’s COVID-19 mitigation measures; and Other container volume increased 15.4 percent primarily due to higher volume in Okinawa and the addition of China-Auckland Express volume in the South Pacific.
Ocean Transportation operating income increased $892.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to considerably higher average freight rates and higher volume in China, partially offset by higher operating costs and expenses primarily due to the CLX+ and CCX services.
The Company’s SSAT terminal joint venture investment contributed $56.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to a contribution of $26.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by higher lift volume and higher other terminal revenue.
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Logistics:2021 compared with 2020:
Years Ended December 31,
Operating income margin 6.3 % 6.7 %
Logistics revenue increased $263.1 million, or 49.7 percent, during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher transportation brokerage and supply chain management revenue.
Logistics operating income increased $14.3 million, or 40.3 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was due primarily to higher contributions from supply chain management, transportation brokerage and freight forwarding.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Sources of liquidity available to the Company at December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020, were as follows:
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Accounts Receivable: Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable, net, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
As of December 31,
Restricted cash $ 5.3 $ 5.3 $ —
Changes in the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
As of December 31,
Change
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Change
Amortization of operating lease right of use assets 28.5 14.1
Depreciation and amortization 21.0 14.5
Non-cash deferred income taxes (18.9) 28.5
Other non-cash related changes, net (3.1) 11.7
Income and distributions from SSAT, net (38.5) 24.7
Accounts receivable, net (42.3) (65.8)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (70.0) (2.6)
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities (5.2) 58.7
Operating lease liabilities (23.8) (16.0)
Deferred dry-docking payments (19.5) 9.1
Deferred dry-docking amortization (0.8) (9.2)
Other long-term liabilities (7.4) 2.9
Income from SSAT was $56.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $26.3 million in the prior year. The increase in income from SSAT was primarily due to higher operating profits generated by SSAT during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the prior year. Cash distributions from SSAT were $46.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $55.4 million in the prior year. Cash distributions from SSAT are dependent on the level of cash available for distribution after operational and capital needs of SSAT. Changes in accounts receivable were primarily due to increased levels of revenue and the timing of collections associated with those receivables. Changes in prepaid expenses and other assets were primarily due to increased prepaid fuel and other operating related costs, primarily due to increased levels of operations, and prepaid income taxes primarily due to increased levels of earnings for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the prior year. Changes in accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities were primarily due to the increased level of operating costs and the timing of payments associated with those liabilities. Changes in operating lease liabilities were primarily due to new operating lease additions partially offset by operating lease terminations during the year ended December 31, 2021. Deferred dry-docking payments were $36.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $16.8 million in the prior year. The increase in deferred dry-docking payments was due to an increase in vessel dry-dock related activities during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the prior year.
Change
Cash deposits into CCF $ 101.2 $ (36.2)
Withdrawals from CCF (101.2) 36.2
Other capital expenditures (205.9) (13.3)
Capitalized vessel construction expenditures 72.9 131.3
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment, net (13.4) 11.9
Capitalized vessel construction expenditures was $14.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $87.8 million in the prior year. The decrease in capitalized vessel construction expenditures (including cash deposited into the CCF less cash withdrawals from the CCF which are used for vessel construction related payments) was due to the completion of the Company’s fleet renewal program in 2020. Capitalized vessel construction expenditures incurred in 2021 related to the construction of a new flat-deck barge. Other capital expenditures (excluding capitalized vessel construction expenditures) was $310.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $104.5 million for the prior year. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company increased its purchases of containers, chassis and other terminal equipment, as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by the increased level of operating activities. The increase in other capital expenditures was also due to the repurchase of Maunalei for $95.8 million, repurchase of other leased equipment, installation of scrubbers on certain vessels, and the timing of certain capital project activities during 2021 as compared to 2020. The decrease in proceeds from the disposal of property and
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equipment was primarily due to the sale and leaseback of chassis and container equipment for net proceeds of $14.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. There were no sale and leaseback transactions during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Change
Proceeds received from issuance of fixed interest debt $ (325.5) $ 325.5
Repayments of fixed interest debt 157.2 (174.4)
Repurchase of Matson common stock (198.3) —
Payment of financing costs 15.5 (18.5)
Dividends paid (6.7) (2.0)
Change in other payments, net (0.1) (0.2)
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received $325.5 million of proceeds from two new Title XI debt issuances. No new debt was issued during the year ended December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company paid $59.3 million of scheduled principal payments, compared to $47.0 million of scheduled principal payments paid during the prior year. The Company prepaid $169.5 million of private debt at par in the year ended December 31, 2020. There was no prepayment of debt during 2021. Net repayments of the Company’s revolving credit facility totaled $71.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $307.3 million in the prior year. Net repayments of Company’s revolving credit facility were driven by increased cash generated by the Company’s operating activities. The Company’s revolving credit facility was fully repaid during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company paid $3.0 million in financing costs related to amendments of its debt facilities during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $18.5 million in financing costs primarily related to the Title XI debt issuance in the prior year. The Company paid $198.3 million to repurchase common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021. No stock was repurchased in the prior year.
Debt: Total debt as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
As of December 31,
Revolving credit facility $ — $ 71.8 $ (71.8)
Total debt decreased by $131.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the prior year, and was fully repaid as of December 31, 2021. The decrease in the Company’s revolving credit facility was primarily due to increased cash generated by the Company’s operating activities. The decrease in fixed interest debt was due to scheduled debt payments made during the year ended December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $642.0 million of unused capacity under the revolving credit facility, which matures on March 31, 2026. The leverage ratio under the debt agreements as of December 31, 2021 was approximately 0.5 times. The Company’s debt is described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II.
Working Capital: The Company had a working capital surplus of $92.1 million at December 31, 2021, compared to a working capital deficiency of $205.6 million at December 31, 2020. Working capital is impacted by the use of cash to reduce the Company’s long-term revolving credit facility, capital expenditures, the amount and timing of collections associated with accounts receivable and other assets, and by the amount and timing of payments associated with accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities. The change in the Company’s working capital during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to increased cash provided by operating activities.
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Capital Expenditures: The Company expects to make the following capital expenditures during the years ending December 31, 2022 and 2023:
Expected Capital Expenditures (in millions) 2022 2023
Maintenance and other capital expenditures $80 - $90 ~ $75
Equipment to support new Ocean Transportation tradelane services $55 - $60 —
Payments on new neighbor island flat-deck barge ~ $10 —
LNG installations on existing vessels $15 - $20 $55 - $65
Total Estimated Capital Expenditures $160 - $180 $130 - $140
Maintenance and other capital expenditures includes amounts the Company expects to spend on the second phase of its program to modernize and renovate its terminal facility at Sand Island, Honolulu, Hawaii, repurchases of leased equipment, and annual equipment purchases to support the Company’s operations. LNG installations on existing vessels includes capital expenditure costs of approximately $35 million to install tanks, pipes and cryogenic equipment on Daniel K. Inouye, and approximately $60 million to re-engine Manukai to operate on LNG and conventional fuels. The LNG installation on Daniel K. Inouye is expected to begin in the first quarter of 2023 and last approximately five months. The twelve-month project to re-engine Manukai is expected to start after Daniel K. Inouye exits the dry-dock. The Company expects to fund capital expenditure from cash flows generated by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents and available borrowings under its revolving line of credit. Capital expenditures for other projects may arise during the year in addition to the amounts presented in the table above.
The Company is also actively considering additional LNG installations on Kaimana Hila, at a cost of approximately $35 million, and on the two Kanaloa Class vessels (Lurline and Matsonia), at a cost of approximately $40 million each. The Company is also reviewing options for the replacement of three Jones Act qualifying vessels currently in use in the Alaska service for delivery later this decade. Costs related to these projects have not been included in the table above.
Repurchase of Shares: During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased approximately 2.5 million shares for a total cost of $200.1 million. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased under the Company’s stock repurchase program was 515,797 shares at December 31, 2021. From January 1, 2022 through February 16, 2022, the Company repurchased approximately 0.3 million shares for a total cost of $30.5 million. On January 27, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the addition of three million shares to the Company’s existing share repurchase program.
COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Commitments and Contingencies: A description of other commitments and contingencies is set forth in Note 9, Note 11 and Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Off-balance sheet Arrangements: The Company is not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below. The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, upon which the Company’s Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based, requires that management exercise judgment when making accounting estimates about future events that may affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty and actual results will, inevitably, differ from those accounting estimates. These differences could be material.
The Company considers an accounting estimate to be critical if (i)(a) the accounting estimate requires the Company to make assumptions that are difficult or subjective about matters that were highly uncertain at the time that the accounting estimate was made, (b) changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur in periods after the period in which the estimate was made, or (c) use of different estimates by the Company could have been used; and (ii) changes in those
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accounting estimates would have had a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. The critical accounting policies and estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are described below. Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets and Goodwill: The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill for possible impairment in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount. The Company has reporting units within the Ocean Transportation and Logistics reportable segments.
Long-lived Assets and Finite-lived Intangible Assets: Long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets are grouped at the lowest level reporting unit for which identifiable cash flows are available. In evaluating for impairment, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows generated by each of these asset groups are compared with the carrying value recorded for each asset group to determine if its carrying value is recoverable. If this review determines that the amount recorded will not be recovered, the amount recorded for the asset group is reduced to its estimated fair value. These asset impairment analyses are highly subjective because they require management to make assumptions and apply considerable judgments to, among other things, estimates of the timing and amount of future cash flows, expected useful lives of the assets, potential impact of future events, including changes in economic conditions and operating performance, and future costs of maintenance and improvements of the assets. If management uses different assumptions or if different conditions occur in future periods, the Company’s financial condition or its future operating results could be materially impacted. The Company has evaluated its long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets for impairment and determined that there was no impairment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Indefinite-life Intangible Assets and Goodwill: The Company’s intangible assets include goodwill, customer relationships and a trade name, and are grouped at the lowest level reporting unit for which identifiable cash flows are available. In estimating the fair value of a reporting unit, the Company uses a combination of a discounted cash flow model and fair value based on market multiples of earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). The discounted cash flow approach requires the Company to use a number of assumptions, including market factors specific to the business, the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows generated by the business over an extended period of time, long-term growth rates for the business, and a discount rate that considers the risks related to the amount and timing of the cash flows. Although the assumptions used by the Company in its discounted cash flow model are consistent with the assumptions the Company used to generate its internal strategic plans and forecasts, significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows from the reporting unit and the risk of achieving those cash flows. When using market multiples of EBITDA, the Company makes judgments about the comparability of multiples in closed and proposed transactions. Accordingly, changes in assumptions and estimates, including, but not limited to, changes driven by external factors, such as industry and economic trends, and those driven by internal factors, such as changes in the Company’s business strategy and its internal forecasts, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or its future operating results. The Company has evaluated its indefinite-life intangible assets and goodwill for impairment and determined that there was no impairment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Insurance Related Liabilities: The Company is uninsured for certain risks but when feasible, many of these risks are mitigated by insurance. The Company purchases insurance with deductibles or self-insured retentions. Such insurance includes, but is not limited to, employee health, workers’ compensation, marine liability, cybersecurity, auto liability and physical damage to property and equipment. For certain risks, the Company elects to not purchase insurance because of the excessive cost of such insurance or the perceived remoteness of the risk. In addition, the Company retains all risk of loss that exceeds the limits of the Company’s insurance policies, or for other risks where insurance is not commercially available.
When estimating its reserves for retained risks and related liabilities, the Company considers a number of factors, including historical claims experience, demographic factors, current trends, and analyses provided by independent third-parties. Periodically, management reviews its assumptions and estimates used to determine the adequacy of the Company’s reserves for retained risks and other related liabilities. The Company’s retained risks and other related liabilities contain uncertainties because management is required to apply judgment and make long-term assumptions to estimate the ultimate cost to settle reported claims, and of claims incurred but not reported, as of the balance sheet date. Insurance related liabilities were $35.9 million and $32.4 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s estimate of insurance related liabilities could change if management uses different assumptions or if
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different conditions occur in future periods, however the Company does not expect any such change would have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
Pension and Post-Retirement Plans: The estimation of the Company’s pension and post-retirement benefit expenses and liabilities requires the Company to make various assumptions. These assumptions include factors such as discount rates, expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, salary growth, health care cost trend rates, inflation, retirement rates, mortality rates and expected contributions. Actual results that differ from the assumptions made could materially affect the Company’s financial condition or its future operating results. The effects of changing assumptions are included in unamortized net gains and losses, which directly affect accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Additionally, these unamortized gains and losses are amortized and reclassified to income (loss) over future periods.
Additional information about the Company’s pension and post-retirement plans and assumptions used is included in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below.
Income Taxes: The Company’s income tax expense requires the Company to make various estimates and judgments. These estimates and judgments are applied in the calculation of taxable income, tax credits, tax benefits and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue, costs and expenses for tax purposes. The calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be impacted by various factors including but not limited to changes in tax rates; changes in tax laws, regulations, and rulings; changes in interpretations of existing tax laws, regulations and rulings; and changes in the evaluation of the Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets including operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted to the extent necessary to reflect tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the Company’s income taxes in a subsequent period.
The Company records a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, management believes that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a recorded deferred tax asset would not be realized in future periods.
Additional information about the Company’s income taxes is included in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Debt and Interest Rate Risks: The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates, primarily as a result of its borrowing and investing activities used to maintain liquidity and to fund business operations, including borrowings under its revolving credit facility and private placement term loans. In order to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates, the Company utilizes a balanced mix of both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt with various maturity dates. The nature and amount of the Company’s outstanding debt are expected to fluctuate as a result of future business requirements, market conditions and other factors. The Company’s outstanding fixed rate debt was $629.0 million as of December 31, 2021. The Company did not have any borrowings outstanding on its revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2021.
Other than in certain events of default, the Company is not obligated to prepay its variable and fixed rate debt prior to maturity. For fixed rate debt, changes in market interest rates would not affect the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
Interest on borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility is calculated using the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). Current expectations are that the use of LIBOR will be discontinued as a benchmark interest rate by mid-2023. The expected discontinuation of LIBOR will require the Company and its lenders to transition from a LIBOR measurement to an alternative benchmark interest rate. The transition from LIBOR to another benchmark rate or rates could have an adverse impact on the cost of borrowings by the Company under its revolving credit facility that currently uses LIBOR as a benchmark rate. The potential effect of any such change in cost of borrowing under the Company’s revolving credit facility cannot yet be determined, but the Company does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company does not expect any impact on the cost of borrowings under its fixed interest debt as a result of an expected transition from a LIBOR measurement.
Additional information about the Company’s debt is included in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II below.
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Investment Risks: From time to time, the Company may invest its excess cash in short-term money market funds that purchase government securities or corporate debt securities, or in other deposit products allowed under the Company’s Cash Investment Policy. These money market funds and deposits maintain a weighted average maturity of less than 90 days, and accordingly, a one percent change in interest rates is not expected to have a material impact on the fair value of these investments or on interest income. The Company had a nominal amount on deposit in money market funds as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Through the CCF, the Company may, from time to time, invest in money market funds or other eligible investments. The Company’s cash deposits in the CCF as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were nominal.
Foreign Currency Risks: The Company has no material exposure to foreign currency risks, although it is indirectly affected by changes in currency rates to the extent that changes in rates affect tourism in Hawaii, Guam, Alaska and other locations. Transactions related to the Company’s China service are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, a one percent change in the Chinese Yuan exchange rate would not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations. Transactions related to the Company’s South Pacific service are primarily denominated in New Zealand dollars. However, a one percent change in the New Zealand dollar exchange rate is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Page
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 41
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) 42
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income 44
Consolidated Balance Sheets 45
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 46
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity 47
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 48
1. Description of the Business 48
2. Significant Accounting Policies 48
3. Reportable Segments 53