Item 1A. Risk Factors.
You should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section and the combined financial statements and related notes. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The risks discussed below are not the only risks we face. In addition to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global disruptions on our business and operations discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in the risk factors below, additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of the risks discussed below. Additional risks or uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, prospects, results of operations, cash flows or price of our publicly traded securities. We cannot assure you that any of the events discussed in the risk factors below will not occur. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of specific factors, including the risks and uncertainties described below.
Summary of Risk Factors
Risks Related to the Nature of Our Business:
• Past growth may not be indicative of future growth.
• Loss of key members of management could adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Industry and the Broader Economy
• We are susceptible to adverse weather conditions.
Technology and Privacy Related Risks
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Risks Related to Our Business Strategy
Risks Related to the Manufacturing, Processing, and Supply of Our Products
Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Products
• The commercial success of our planned or future products is not guaranteed.
Risks Related to Government Regulation
Risks Related to Intellectual Property Matters
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
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• We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
Risks Related to the Nature of Our Business
Our success depends on our ability to maintain or increase Comparable Sales, and if we are unable to achieve Comparable Sales Growth, our profitability and performance could be materially adversely impacted.
Our success depends on increasing Comparable Sales through our merchandising strategy and ability to increase sales and profits. To increase sales and profits, and therefore Comparable Sales Growth, we focus on delivering value and generating consumer excitement by staffing our locations with pool and spa experts, developing compelling products, optimizing inventory management, maintaining strong location conditions, and effectively marketing current products and new product offerings. If these efforts become less successful, we may not be able to maintain or improve the levels of Comparable Sales that we have experienced in the past, which could adversely impact our profitability and overall business results. In addition, competition and pricing pressures from competitors may also materially adversely impact our operating margins. Our Comparable Sales Growth could be lower than our historical average or our future target for many reasons, including general economic conditions, operational performance, price inflation or deflation, industry competition, new competitive entrants near our locations, price changes in response to competitive factors, the impact of new locations entering the comparable base, cycling against any year or quarter of above-average sales results, unfavorable weather conditions, supply shortages or other operational disruptions, the number and dollar amount of consumer transactions in our locations, our ability to provide product or service offerings that generate new and repeat visits to our locations, and the level of consumer engagement that we provide in our locations. Opening new locations in our established markets may result in inadvertent oversaturation, temporary or permanent diversion of consumers and sales from our existing locations to new locations and reduced Comparable Sales, thus adversely affecting our overall financial performance. These factors may cause our Comparable Sales results to be materially lower than in recent periods, which could harm our profitability and business.
Past growth may not be indicative of future growth.
Historically, we have experienced substantial sales growth through organic market share gains, new location openings and acquisitions that have increased our size, scope, and geographic footprint. Our various business strategies and initiatives, including our growth initiatives, are subject to business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. While we contemplate continued growth through internal expansion and acquisitions, we may not be able to:
• penetrate new markets;
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• maintain favorable supplier arrangements and relationships; and
If we do not manage these potential difficulties successfully, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We may not be able to successfully manage our inventory to match consumer demand, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We base our inventory purchases, in part, on our sales forecasts. If our sales forecasts overestimate consumer demand, we may experience higher inventory levels, which could result in the need to sell products at lower than anticipated prices, leading to decreased profit margins. Conversely, if our sales forecasts underestimate consumer demand, we may have insufficient inventory to meet demand, leading to lost sales, either of which could materially adversely affect our financial performance.
Loss of key members of management or failure to attract, develop, and retain highly qualified personnel could adversely affect our business.
Our future success depends on the continued efforts of the members of our executive management team. If one or more of our executives or other key personnel are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, or if we are unable to attract and retain high-quality executives or key personnel in the future, our business may be adversely affected.
We consider our employees to be the foundation for our growth and success. As such, our future success depends in large part on our ability to attract, train, retain, and motivate qualified personnel. During the height of our seasonal activities, we have additional employees, including seasonal and part-time employees who generally are not employed during the off-season. If we are unable to attract and hire additional personnel during these seasons, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We are subject to, and may in the future be subject to, legal or other proceedings that could have a material adverse effect on us.
From time to time, we are a party to legal proceedings, including matters involving personnel and employment issues, personal injury, antitrust claims, intellectual property claims, and other proceedings arising in or outside of the ordinary course of business. In addition, there are an increasing number of cases being filed against companies generally, including class-action allegations under federal and state wage and hour laws. We could be exposed to legal proceedings arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic, including wrongful death actions brought on behalf of employees who contracted COVID-19 while performing their employment-related duties. We estimate our exposure to these legal proceedings and establish reserves for the probable and reasonably estimated liabilities. Assessing and predicting the outcome of these matters involves substantial uncertainties. Although not currently anticipated by management, unexpected outcomes in these legal proceedings or changes in management’s forecast assumptions or predictions could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Disruptions from natural or man-made disasters or extreme weather, public safety issues, geopolitical events and security issues, labor or trade disputes, and similar events could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Natural or man-made disasters or extreme weather (including as a result of climate change), public safety issues, geopolitical events and security issues (including terrorist attacks and armed hostilities), labor or trade disputes, and similar events can lead to uncertainty and have a negative impact on demand for our products, in addition to causing
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disruptions to our supply chain. Discretionary spending on chemicals, equipment and parts, cleaning and maintenance equipment, and safety, recreational, and fitness-related products, such as ours, is generally adversely affected during times of economic, social, or political uncertainty. The potential for natural or man-made disasters or extreme weather, geopolitical events and security issues, labor or trade disputes, and similar events could create these types of uncertainties and negatively impact our business for the short- or long-term in ways that cannot presently be predicted.
Risks Related to Our Industry and the Broader Economy
We face competition by manufacturers, retailers, distributors, and service providers in the residential, professional, and commercial pool and spa care market.
Within our industry, competition is highly fragmented. We compete against a wide range of manufacturers, retailers, distributors, and service providers in the residential, professional, and commercial pool and spa care market. This includes original equipment manufacturers, regional and local retailers, home improvement retailers, mass-market retailers, and specialty e-commerce operators.
Most of our competition comes from regional and local independent retailers. National home improvement and retailers, such as Home Depot, Lowe’s, and local and regional hardware stores, compete with us mainly on a seasonal basis during the spring and summer months, but experience significantly higher foot traffic than our retail locations. We also face competition from mass-market retail competitors, such as Amazon, Walmart, and Costco, who devote shelf space to merchandise and products targeted to our consumers. Historically, mass-market retailers have generally expanded by adding new stores and product breadth, but their product offering of pool-related products has remained relatively constant. If pool and spa owners are attracted by the convenience afforded by any of our competitors, they may be less inclined to purchase products and/or services from us.
In addition, new competitors may emerge as there are no proprietary technologies or other significant barriers to prevent other firms from entering the swimming pool and spa supply retail market in the future. Should store and internet-based mass-market retailers increase their focus on the pool and spa industry, or increase the breadth of their pool, spa, and related product offerings, they may become a more significant competitor for our industry, which could have an adverse impact on our business. We may face additional competitive pressures if large pool supply retailers look to expand their consumer base. Given the density and demand for pool and spa products, some geographic markets that we serve also tend to have a higher concentration of competitors than others, particularly Arizona, California, Florida, and Texas. These states encompass our largest markets and entry of significant new competitors into them could have a substantial impact on our total sales.
The demand for our swimming pool and spa related products and services may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic conditions.
Consumer discretionary spending affects our sales and is impacted by factors outside of our control, including general economic conditions, the residential housing market, unemployment rates and wage levels, interest rate fluctuations, inflation, disposable income levels, consumer confidence, and access to credit. In economic downturns, the demand for swimming pool and spa related products and services may decline, often corresponding with declines in discretionary consumer spending, the growth rate of pool-eligible households, and swimming pool construction. A weak economy may also cause consumers to defer discretionary replacement and refurbishment activity. Even in generally favorable economic conditions, severe and/or prolonged downturns in the housing market could have a material adverse impact on our financial performance. Similarly, slow growth in the number of pool-eligible households can have a lasting negative impact by limiting the potential for future growth of the pool and spa maintenance market.
We believe that homeowners’ access to consumer credit is a critical factor enabling the purchase of new pools, spas and related products. Unfavorable economic conditions and downturn in the housing market can result in significant tightening of credit markets, which limit the ability of consumers to access financing for new swimming pools, spas, and related supplies, and consequently, replacement, repair and maintenance of equipment. Tightening consumer credit could prevent consumers from obtaining financing for pool and spa projects, which could negatively impact our sales of products and services.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 and associated responses could adversely impact our business and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted economic activity and markets throughout the world. In response, governmental authorities have imposed, and others in the future may impose, stay-at-home orders, shelter-in-place orders, quarantines, executive orders, and similar government orders and restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19. Such orders or restrictions have resulted in temporary location closures, limitation of location hours, limitations on the number of people in locations or in warehouses, enhanced requirements on sanitation, social distancing practices, and travel restrictions, among other effects. We currently operate as an essential business under the relevant state and local regulations and if this changes, it will adversely impact our financial condition and operating results. Recently, there have been reports of increasing numbers of new COVID-19 cases in certain of our markets, resulting in some governments extending or re-imposing restrictions. Accordingly, COVID-19 may have negative impacts on our business in the future, and any future adverse impacts on our business may be worse than we anticipate. The ultimate impact will depend on the severity and duration of the current COVID-19 pandemic and future resurgences and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response, each of which is uncertain, rapidly changing, and difficult to predict. Our recent growth rates amid the COVID-19 pandemic may not be sustainable and may not be indicative of future growth.
The demand for pool chemicals may be affected by consumer attitudes towards products for environmental or safety reasons.
We could be adversely affected if consumers lose confidence in the safety and quality of our products. The demand for the pool chemicals sold by us may also be affected by changes in consumer attitudes toward pool chemical products for environmental or safety reasons. To the extent more environmentally-friendly alternative pool and spa water treatment methods emerge, we may not be successful in adopting them in a timely manner.
Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter for many reasons, including seasonality.
Our sales are highly seasonal and we experience fluctuations in quarterly results as a result of many factors. We have historically generated a greater percentage of our revenues during the warm weather months of April through September. Timing of consumer purchases will vary each year and sales can be expected to shift from one quarter to another. As a result, management believes that period-to-period comparisons of results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as any indication of future performance or results expected for the fiscal year. In addition, because our revenues are concentrated to a limited number of months, our business is more susceptible to adverse events occurring in those months than other businesses that have consistent levels of revenue throughout the year.
We are susceptible to adverse weather conditions.
Given the nature of our business, weather is one of the principal external factors affecting our business. Unseasonably cool weather or significant amounts of rainfall during the peak sales season can reduce chemical consumption in pools and spas and decrease consumer purchases of our products and services. In addition, unseasonably early or late warming trends can increase or decrease the length of the pool season and impact timing around pool openings and closings and, therefore, our total sales and timing of our sales. While warmer weather conditions favorably impact our sales, global warming trends and other significant climate changes can create more variability in the short-term or lead to other unfavorable weather conditions that could adversely impact our sales or operations. Drought conditions or water management initiatives may lead to municipal ordinances related to water use restrictions. Such restrictions could result in decreased pool installations, which could negatively impact our sales.
Certain extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and tropical storms, may impact demand for our products and services, our ability to deliver our products, provide services, continue to keep our facilities open and operational, or cause damage to our facilities. As a consequence of these or other catastrophic or uncharacteristic events, we may experience interruption to our operations, increased costs or loss of property, equipment or inventory, which would adversely affect our revenue and profitability.
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Technology and Privacy Related Risks
If the technology-based systems that give our consumers the ability to shop with us online do not function effectively, our operating results, as well as our ability to grow our e-commerce business globally, could be materially adversely affected.
Many of our consumers shop with us through our physical network and digital platform, which includes our proprietary mobile app and e-commerce websites. Increasingly, consumers are using tablets and smart phones to shop online with us and with our competitors and to do comparison shopping. We are increasingly using social media and our proprietary mobile app to interact with our consumers and as a means to enhance their shopping experience. Any failure on our part to provide an attractive, effective, reliable, and user-friendly digital platform that offers a wide assortment of merchandise with rapid delivery options and that continually meets the changing expectations of online shoppers could place us at a competitive disadvantage, result in the loss of e-commerce and other sales, harm our reputation with consumers, have a material adverse impact on the growth of our e-commerce business globally, and could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
Our e-commerce operation faces distinct risks, such as the failure to make and implement changes to our e-commerce websites and mobile app, the failure to maintain a relevant consumer experience in understanding and interacting with our e-commerce websites and mobile app, telecommunications disruptions, reliance on third-party software technologies, and rapid changes in technology, among others. If not managed, these risks could adversely impact our operating results.
A significant portion of our digital sales take place through online marketplaces and online retailers and any limitation or restriction, temporarily or otherwise, to sell on these online platforms could harm our profitability and results of operation.
To complement our platform of branded proprietary e-commerce websites and marketplace storefronts, approximately 40% of our digital sales take place through online marketplaces and online retailers and are subject to their terms of service and their various other policies. While we endeavor to materially comply with the terms of service and other policies of each online marketplace and online retailer through which we sell our products, these online marketplaces or online retailers may not have the same determination with respect to our compliance. These online marketplaces and online retailers may, in certain circumstances, refuse to continue hosting us or selling our products or temporarily suspend or discontinue our access to their online platform and any limitation or restriction (whether temporary or otherwise) on our ability to sell our products through these online platforms could harm our profitability and results of operations.
We rely on information technology systems to support our business operations. A significant disturbance or breach of our technological infrastructure could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, failure to maintain the security of confidential information could damage our reputation and expose us to litigation.
Information technology supports several aspects of our business,including, among others, product sourcing, pricing, consumer service, transaction processing, financial reporting, collections, and cost management. Our ability to operate effectively on a day-to-day basis and accurately report our results depends on a solid technological infrastructure, which is inherently susceptible to internal and external threats. We are vulnerable to interruption by fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunication failures, internet failures, security breaches, catastrophic events, and other significant disruptions. Exposure to various types of cyberattacks such as malware, computer viruses, worms, or other malicious acts, as well as human error and technological malfunction, could also potentially disrupt our operations or result in a significant interruption in the delivery of our goods and services.
We also may experience occasional system interruptions and delays, as a result of routine maintenance, periodic updates, or other factors, that make our information systems unavailable or slow to respond, including the interaction of our information systems with those of third parties. A lack of sophistication or reliability of our information systems could adversely impact our operations and consumer service and could require major repairs or replacements, resulting in significant costs and foregone revenue.
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Our numerous procedures and protocols designed to mitigate cybersecurity risks (including processes to timely notify appropriate personnel for assessment and resolution and company-wide training programs), our investments in information technology security and our updates to our business continuity plan may not prevent or effectively mitigate adverse consequences from cybersecurity risks. Any failure by us to maintain or protect our information technology systems and data integrity, including from cyberattacks, intrusions or other breaches, could result in the unauthorized access to consumer data, credit card information, and personally identifiable information, theft of intellectual property or other misappropriation of assets, or otherwise compromise our confidential or proprietary information and disrupt our operations, putting us at a competitive disadvantage. Such a breach could result in damage to our reputation and subject us to potential litigation, liability, fines, and penalties, resulting in a possible material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Improper activities by third parties, exploitation of encryption technology, new data-hacking tools and discoveries, and other events or developments may result in future intrusions into or compromise of our networks, payment card terminals or other payment systems.
We may not be able to anticipate the frequently changing techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to sensitive data or implement adequate preventive measures for all of them. Any unauthorized access into our consumers’ sensitive information, or data belonging to us or our suppliers, even if we are compliant with industry security standards, could put us at a competitive disadvantage, result in deterioration of our consumers’ confidence in us, and subject us to potential litigation, liability, fines, penalties, and consent decrees, resulting in a possible material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
As a merchant that accepts debit and credit cards for payment, we are subject to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”) issued by the PCI Council and to the American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”) data encryption standards and payment network security operating guidelines, as well as the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (“FACTA”). Failure to comply with these guidelines or standard may result in the imposition of financial penalties or the allocation by the card brands of the costs of fraudulent charges to us. Despite our efforts to comply with these or other payment card standards and other information security measures, we cannot be certain that all of our IT systems will be able to prevent, contain, or detect all cyberattacks or intrusions from known malware or malware that may be developed in the future. To the extent that any disruption results in the loss, damage, or misappropriation of information, we may be adversely affected by claims from consumers, financial institutions, regulatory authorities, payment card associations, and others. In addition, privacy and information security laws and standards continue to evolve and could expose us to further regulatory burdens. The cost of complying with stricter laws and standards, including PCI DSS, ANSI, and FACTA data encryption standards and the California Consumer Privacy Act, which took effect in January 2020, could be significant.
Risks Related to Our Business Strategy
We may acquire other companies or technologies, which could fail to result in a commercial product or sales, divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, and otherwise disrupt our business.
We may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our portfolio, enhance our technical capabilities, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. We may not be able to successfully complete any acquisition we choose to pursue and we may not be able to successfully integrate any acquired business, product or technology in a cost-effective and non-disruptive manner. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various costs and expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. We may not be able to identify desirable acquisition targets or be successful in entering into an agreement with any particular target or obtain the expected benefits of any acquisition or investment. Similarly, we may not be able to successfully identify and acquire new technologies in a timely manner or at all. Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities, the use of our available cash, or the incurrence of debt, which could harm our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be negatively affected.
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Our operating results will be harmed if we are unable to effectively manage and sustain our future growth or scale our operations.
We may not be able to manage our growth or future growth efficiently or profitably. Our revenue and operating margins, or revenue and margin growth, may be less than expected. If we are unable to scale our operations efficiently or maintain pricing without significant discounting, we may fail to achieve expected operating margins, which would have a material and adverse effect on our operating results. Growth may also stress our ability to adequately manage our operations, quality of products, safety, and regulatory compliance. If growth significantly decreases, it will negatively impact our cash reserves, and it may be necessary to obtain additional financing, which may increase indebtedness or result in dilution to shareholders. Further, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all.
Risks Related to the Manufacturing, Processing, and Supply of Our Products
Our business includes the packaging and storage of chemicals and an accident related to these chemicals could subject us to liability and increased costs.
We operate chemical repackaging facilities and we store chemicals in our locations and in our distribution facilities. Because some of the chemicals we repackage and store are hazardous materials, we must comply with various fire and safety ordinances. However, a release at a location or a fire at one of our facilities could give rise to liability claims against us and potential environmental liability. In addition, if an incident involves a repackaging or distribution facility, we might be required temporarily to use alternate sources of supply that could increase our cost of sales.
We cannot guarantee that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover future claims that may arise or that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable. Successful claims for which we are not fully insured may adversely affect our working capital and profitability. In addition, changes in the insurance industry have generally led to higher insurance costs and decreased availability of coverage.
We cannot guarantee that our internal training curriculum and compliance programs will cause our employees to follow the applicable operating procedures and regulations, or that no accidents or incidents will arise that could expose us to liability and have a negative impact on our operations and results.
Product supply disruptions may have an adverse effect on our profitability and operating results.
We rely on various suppliers and vendors to provide and deliver product inventory on a continuous basis, some of which are located outside of the United States. These suppliers (and those they depend upon for materials and services) are subject to risks, including from natural or man-made disasters or extreme weather (including as a result of climate change), public safety issues, geopolitical events and security issues (including terrorist attacks and armed hostilities), power outages, labor or trade disputes, union organizing activities, financial liquidity problems, and similar events, as well as supply constraints and general economic, social, and political conditions that can limit their ability to provide us (or our suppliers) with quality products and services in a timely manner. The occurrence of these or other unexpected events can cause us to suffer significant product inventory losses and significant lost revenue. For example, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting dislocation of workplaces and the economy, the ability of certain vendors to supply required products has been impaired as a result of the illness or absenteeism of their workforces, government mandated shutdown orders, impaired financial conditions, or for other reasons. The supply of each product may not return to pre-COVID-19 levels, and if so, products may return to pre-COVID levels at different times, and our efforts to ensure in-stock positions for all of the products that our consumers require may not be successful.
The cost of raw materials could increase our cost of goods sold and cause our results of operations and financial condition to suffer.
Our principal chemical raw materials are granular chlorine compounds, which are commodity materials. The prices of granular chlorine compounds are a function of, among other things, manufacturing capacity and demand. We have generally passed through chlorine price increases to our consumers. The price of granular chlorine
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compounds may increase in the future and we may not be able to pass on any such increase to our consumers. We purchase granular chlorine compounds primarily from the nation’s largest suppliers. The alternate sources of supply we currently view as reliable may ultimately be unable to supply us with all of our raw materials and finished goods, including chlorine products.Additionally, significant price fluctuations or shortages in raw materials needed for our products may increase our cost of goods sold and cause our results of operations and financial condition to suffer.
Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Products
Even if we are able to attain significant market acceptance of our planned or future products or services, the commercial success of our planned or future products is not guaranteed.
Our future financial success will depend substantially on our ability to effectively and profitably market and sell our planned and future products and services on a sustained basis, which ability is dependent on a number of additional and/or unpredictable factors. Successful growth of our sales and marketing efforts will depend on the strength of our marketing infrastructure and the effectiveness of our sales and marketing strategies. Our ability to satisfy product demand driven by our sales and marketing efforts will be largely dependent on the ability to maintain a commercially viable manufacturing process that is compliant with regulatory standards. If we fail to market and sell our planned or future products or services successfully, we will not be able to achieve profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may implement a product recall or voluntary market withdrawal, which could significantly increase our costs, damage our reputation, and disrupt our business.
The manufacturing, packaging, marketing, and processing of our products involves an inherent risk that our processes do not meet applicable quality standards and requirements. In that event, we may voluntarily implement a recall or market withdrawal or may be required to do so by a regulatory authority. A recall or market withdrawal of one of our products would be costly and would divert management resources. A recall or withdrawal of one of our products, or a similar product processed by another entity, also could impair sales of our products because of confusion concerning the scope of the recall or withdrawal, or because of the damage to our reputation for quality and safety.
If we do not manage product inventory in an effective and efficient manner, it could adversely affect profitability.
Many factors affect the efficient use and planning of product inventory, such as effectiveness of predicting demand, preparing manufacturing to meet demand, meeting product mix and product demand requirements, and managing product expiration. We may be unable to manage our inventory efficiently, keep inventory within expected budget goals, keep our work-in-process inventory on hand or manage it efficiently, control expired product, or keep sufficient product on hand to meet demand. We may not be able to keep inventory costs within our target levels. Failure to do so may harm our long-term growth prospects.
If we do not continue to obtain favorable purchase terms with manufacturers, it could adversely affect our operating results.
Most raw materials and those products not repackaged by us are purchased directly from manufacturers. It is common in the swimming pool supply industry for certain manufacturers to offer extended payment terms on certain products to quantity purchasers such as us. These payment terms typically include favorable pricing and are available to us for pre-season or early season purchases. If we do not continue to maintain such favorable purchase terms with manufacturers, it could adversely affect our operating results.
Risks Related to Government Regulation
The nature of our business subjects us to compliance with employment, environmental, health, transportation, safety, and other governmental regulations.
We are subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to matters such as product labeling, weights and measures, zoning, land use, environmental protection, local fire codes, and workplace safety, including regulation by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Department of
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Transportation, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the National Fire Protection Agency and corresponding state and local authorities. Most of these requirements govern the packaging, labeling, handling, transportation, storage, disposal, and sale of chemicals. We store certain types of chemicals at each of our locations and the storage of these items is strictly regulated by local fire codes. In addition, we sell algaecides and related products that are regulated under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, and various state pesticide laws. These laws primarily relate to labeling, annual registration, and licensing. Compliance with applicable data privacy and security laws and regulations (including applicable industry standards) may also increase our costs of doing business.
Management has processes in place to facilitate and support our compliance with these requirements. However, failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in investigations, the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal fines, damages, seizures, disgorgements, penalties, or the imposition of injunctive relief. Moreover, compliance with such laws and regulations in the future could prove to be costly. Although we presently do not expect to incur any capital or other expenditures relating to regulatory matters in amounts that may be material to us, we may be required to make such expenditures in the future. These laws and regulations have changed substantially and rapidly in recent years, and we anticipate that there will be continuing changes.
The clear trend in environmental, health, transportation, and safety regulations is to place more restrictions and limitations on activities that impact the environment, such as the use and handling of chemicals. Increasingly, strict restrictions and limitations have resulted in higher operating costs for us and it is possible that the costs of compliance with such laws and regulations will continue to increase. Our attempts to anticipate future regulatory requirements that might be imposed and our plans to remain in compliance with changing regulations and to minimize the costs of such compliance may not be as effective as we anticipate.
We depend on a network of suppliers to source our products, including our own branded products. Product quality, warranty claims or safety concerns could negatively impact our sales and expose us to litigation.
We rely on manufacturers and other suppliers to provide us with the products we sell. As we increase the number of branded products we sell, our exposure to potential liability claims may increase. Product and service quality issues could negatively impact consumer confidence in our brands and our business. If our product and service offerings do not meet applicable safety standards or our consumers’ expectations regarding safety or quality, we could experience lost sales and increased costs and be exposed to legal, financial, and reputational risks, as well as governmental enforcement actions. Actual, potential or perceived product safety concerns, including health-related concerns, could expose us to litigation, as well as government enforcement actions, and result in costly product recalls and other liabilities.
In addition, if our products are defectively designed, manufactured or labeled, contain defective components or are misused, we may become subject to costly litigation initiated by consumers. Product liability claims could harm our reputation, divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend, and may result in sizable damage awards against us. Although we maintain product liability insurance, we may not have sufficient insurance coverage for future product liability claims. We may not be able to obtain insurance in amounts or scope sufficient to provide us with adequate coverage against all potential liabilities. Any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, harm our reputation, significantly increase our expenses, and reduce product sales. Product liability claims could cause us to incur significant legal fees and deductibles and claims in excess of our insurance coverage would be paid out of cash reserves, harming our financial condition and operating results. In addition, successful product liability claims made against one of our competitors could cause claims to be made against us or expose us to a perception that we are vulnerable to similar claims. Claims against us, regardless of their merit or potential outcome, may also hurt our ability to obtain acceptance of our products or to expand our business.
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Risks Related to Intellectual Property Matters
If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be harmed, we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest, or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce or defend our rights.
In the course of our business, we employ various trademarks, trade names, and service marks as well as our logo in packaging and advertising of our products. Our commercial success will depend in part on our success in obtaining and maintaining issued trademarks, trade names, and service marks in the United States and protecting our proprietary technology. If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology, competitors may be able to use our technologies or the goodwill we have acquired in the marketplace and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have, which could harm our business and ability to achieve profitability.
Our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights depends on our ability to detect infringement. It may be difficult to detect infringers who do not advertise the components that are used in their products. Moreover, it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor’s or potential competitor’s product. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded if we were to prevail may not be commercially meaningful.
If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, we may not be able to build name recognition in our target markets and our business may be adversely affected. At times, competitors may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity, possibly leading to market confusion and potentially requiring us to pursue legal action. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement claims brought by owners of other registered trademarks or trademarks that incorporate variations of our unregistered trademarks or trade names. If we are unable to successfully register our trademarks and trade names and establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively and our business may be adversely affected. Our efforts to enforce or protect our proprietary rights related to trademarks, domain names, copyrights, or other intellectual property may be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations.
Our success depends in part on our ability to operate without infringing on or misappropriating the proprietary rights of others, and if we are unable to do so we may be liable for damages.
We cannot be certain that United States or foreign patents or patent applications of other companies do not exist or will not be issued that would prevent us from commercializing our products. Third parties may sue us for infringing or misappropriating their patent or other intellectual property rights. Intellectual property litigation is costly. If we do not prevail in litigation, in addition to any damages we might have to pay, we could be required to cease the infringing activity or obtain a license requiring us to make royalty payments. It is possible that a required license may not be available to us on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, a required license may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. If we fail to obtain a required license or are unable to design around another company’s patent, we may be unable to make use of some of the affected products, which would reduce our revenues.
The defense costs and settlements for patent infringement lawsuits are not covered by insurance. Patent infringement lawsuits can take years to settle. If we are not successful in our defenses or are not successful in obtaining dismissals of any such lawsuit, legal fees or settlement costs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our substantial indebtedness could materially adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to operate our business, react to changes in the economy or industry or pay our debts and meet our obligations under our debt agreements, and could divert our cash flow from operations to debt payments.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. As of November 30, 2020, our total borrowings under our Term Loan, and Credit Agreement, dated as of October 16, 2012, as amended from time to time, among Leslie’s Poolmart,
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Inc., the subsidiary borrowers from time to time party hereto, Leslie’s, Inc., each lender from time to time party hereto, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Co-Collateral Agent (the “ABL Credit Facility,” and, together with the Term Loan, the “Credit Facilities”) was $811.2 million. Subject to restrictions in the agreements governing our Credit Facilities, we may incur additional debt.
Our substantial debt could have important consequences to our stockholders, including the following:
• our ability to borrow additional funds or to refinance debt may be limited.
Furthermore, all of our debt under our Credit Facilities bears interest at variable rates. If these rates were to increase significantly, our ability to borrow additional funds may be reduced and the risks related to our substantial debt would intensify.
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate sufficient cash depends on numerous factors beyond our control, and we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations.
Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operating activities to service our debt obligations. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our debt and to fund planned capital expenditures depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. To some extent, this is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other factors that are beyond our control.
If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our debt and meet our other commitments, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt, sell material assets or operations, delay capital expenditures, or raise additional debt or equity capital. We may not be able to effect any of these actions on a timely basis, on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and these actions may not be sufficient to meet our capital requirements. In addition, the terms of our existing or future debt agreements may restrict us from pursuing any of these alternatives.
Restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our Credit Facilities may restrict our ability to pursue our business strategies, and failure to comply with any of these restrictions could result in acceleration of our debt.
The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in the agreements governing our Credit Facilities may materially adversely affect our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. Such agreements limit our ability, among other things, to:
• incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares;
• make certain investments;
• sell certain assets;
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• create liens;
• consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of our assets;
• make certain payments in respect of certain debt obligations;
• enter into certain transactions with our affiliates; and
• designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.
A breach of any of these covenants could result in an event of default under our Credit Facilities. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under any of our Credit Facilities, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under our Credit Facilities to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under our Credit Facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the debt under the Credit Facilities. We have pledged substantially all of our assets as collateral to secure our Credit Facilities. Our future operating results may not be sufficient to enable compliance with our Credit Facilities, and we may not have sufficient assets to repay amounts outstanding under our Credit Facilities. In addition, in the event of an acceleration of our debt upon an event of default, we may not have or be able to obtain sufficient funds to make any accelerated payments.
Furthermore, the terms of any future debt we may incur could have further additional restrictive covenants. We may not be able to maintain compliance with these covenants in the future, and in the event that we are not able to maintain compliance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain waivers from the lenders or amend the covenants.
Despite current debt levels, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more debt. This could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial leverage.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future. Although the agreements governing our Credit Facilities contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional debt, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the debt incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. Additionally, we may successfully obtain waivers of these restrictions. If we incur additional debt above the levels currently in effect, the risks associated with our leverage, including those described above, would increase.
The phaseout of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or the replacement of LIBOR with a different reference rate, may adversely affect interest rate.
On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. It is unclear if LIBOR will cease to exist at that time or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that it continues to exist after 2021. On November 30, 2020, ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”), the administrator of LIBOR, with the support of the United States Federal Reserve and the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, announced plans to consult on ceasing publication of USD LIBOR on December 31, 2021 for only the one week and two month USD LIBOR tenors, and on June 30, 2023 for all other USD Libor tenors. While this announcement extends the transition period to June 2023, the United States Federal Reserve concurrently issued a statement advising banks to stop new USD LIBOR issuances by the end of 2021. In light of these recent announcements, the future of LIBOR at this time is uncertain and any changes in the methods by which LIBOR is determined or regulatory activity related to LIBOR’s phaseout could cause LIBOR to perform differently than in the past or cease to exist. Although regulators and IBA have made clear that the recent announcements should not be read to say that LIBOR has ceased or will cease, in the event LIBOR does cease to exist, we may need to renegotiate our credit agreements and related agreements, which may result in interest rates and/or payments that do not correlate over time with the interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR was available in its current form. Changes in the method of calculating LIBOR, or the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative rate or benchmark, may adversely affect interest rates and result in higher borrowing costs. This could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flow and liquidity.
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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, resulting in substantial losses for investors.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;
• changes in our board of directors or management;
• lawsuits threatened or filed against us;
• changes in laws or regulations applicable to our business;
• general economic conditions in the United States;
Future sales of shares by existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.
If our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the contractual lock-up agreements described below expire and other restrictions on resale lapse, the trading price of our common stock could be adversely impacted. As of November 30, 2020, we had outstanding 186,606,225 million shares of common stock. Approximately 75% of these shares are subject to a 180-day contractual lock-up with the underwriters in connection with our IPO, with such lock-up agreements to expire on April 26, 2021. The underwriters may permit our executive officers, directors, employees, and current stockholders who are subject to the contractual lock-up to sell shares prior to the expiration of the lock-up agreements. Upon expiration of the contractual lock-up agreements with the underwriters, and based on shares outstanding as of November 30, 2020, approximately 126.5 million additional shares will be eligible for sale in the public market. In addition, as discussed in Part III, Item 13, “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence – Registration Rights,” following the expiration of the 180-day contractual lock-up, certain officers, directors, and employees will be prohibited from selling shares for an additional 540 days, subject to limited waivers and exceptions, with such additional lock-up period expiring on October 18, 2022. Upon expiration of this additional lock-up period, the trading price of our common stock could be adversely impacted if any of these certain significant stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market.
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Stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters may be limited because a small number of stockholders beneficially own a substantial amount of our common stock and continue to have substantial control over us.
As of November 30, 2020, our officers, directors, and principal stockholders (greater than 5% stockholders) collectively beneficially own approximately 75% of our issued and outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders will be able to exert significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our Company or its assets, and may have interests that are different from our other stockholders’ and may vote in a way with which other stockholders disagree and which may be adverse to the interests of our other stockholders. In addition, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of preventing, discouraging, or deferring a change of control, which could depress the market price of our common stock.
Transactions engaged in by our principal stockholders, our officers or directors involving our common stock may have an adverse effect on the price of our stock.
As described above, our officers, directors, and principal stockholders (greater than 5% stockholders) collectively control approximately 75% of our issued and outstanding common stock as of November 30, 2020. Subsequent sales of our shares by these stockholders could have the effect of lowering our stock price. The perceived risk associated with the possible sale of a large number of shares by these stockholders, or the adoption of significant short positions by hedge funds or other significant investors, could cause some of our stockholders to sell their stock, thus causing the price of our stock to decline. In addition, actual or anticipated downward pressure on our stock price due to actual or anticipated sales of stock by our directors or officers could cause other institutions or individuals to engage in short sales of our common stock, which may further cause the price of our stock to decline.
From time to time, our directors and executive officers may sell shares of our common stock on the open market. These sales will be publicly disclosed in filings made with the SEC. In the future, our directors and executive officers may sell a significant number of shares for a variety of reasons unrelated to the performance of our business. Our stockholders may perceive these sales as a reflection on management’s view of the business and result in some stockholders selling their shares of our common stock. These sales could cause the price of our stock to drop.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, stockholders must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management, and limit the market price of our common stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:
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• restrict the forum for certain litigation against us to Delaware;
• provide for a staggered board.
These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. As a result, these provisions may adversely affect the market price and market for our common stock if they are viewed as limiting the liquidity of our stock or as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.
The provision of our fifth amended and restated certificate of incorporation, requiring exclusive forum in certain courts in the State of Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware for certain types of lawsuits, may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.
Our fifth amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees or stockholders to us or our stockholders, creditors or other constituents, or a claim of aiding and abetting any such breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or our directors or officers arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) or our fifth amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our fifth amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, (v) any action asserting a claim against us or our directors or officers governed by the internal affairs doctrine or (vi) any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL will have to be brought only in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any other state court of the State of Delaware, or if no state court of the State of Delaware has subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum. The foregoing provision will not apply to claims arising under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district court for the District of Delaware shall be, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act against us or any of our directors or officers. Although we believe these exclusive forum provisions benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws in the types of lawsuits to which each applies, the exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s
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ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder as a result of our exclusive forum provisions. Further, in the event a court finds either exclusive forum provision contained in our fifth amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be unenforceable or inapplicable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.
We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, and our management will continue to be required to devote substantial time to compliance with our public company responsibilities and corporate governance practices.
As a company with publicly-traded securities, we expect to incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements that are applicable to us as a public company, including rules and regulations of the SEC, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the Exchange Act, as well as the Nasdaq listing requirements. These rules and regulations are expected to significantly increase our accounting, legal, and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming. We also expect these rules and regulations to make it more expensive for us to maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. Furthermore, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will continue to incur as a public company or the timing of such costs. Accordingly, increases in costs incurred as a result of becoming a publicly traded company may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
If we are unable to effectively implement or maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial results and our stock price could be adversely affected.
As a result of becoming a public company, we will be required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year and include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending October 2, 2021. In the following year, we must include a report issued by our independent registered public accounting firm based on its audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, in each case. We may identify weaknesses or deficiencies that we may be unable to remedy before the requisite deadline for those reports or we may be unable to complete our assessment in a timely manner.
Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations. The effectiveness of our controls and procedures may be limited by a variety of factors, including:
• faulty human judgment and simple errors, omissions, or mistakes;
• fraudulent action of an individual or collusion of two or more people;
• inappropriate management override of procedures; and
Our ability to comply with the annual internal control report requirements will depend on the effectiveness of our financial reporting and data systems and controls across the Company. We expect these systems and controls to involve significant expenditures and to become increasingly complex as our business grows. To effectively manage this complexity, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial, and management controls, and our reporting systems and procedures. Any weaknesses or deficiencies or any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation or operation of these controls, could harm our operating results and cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements, which could limit our ability to access the capital markets, adversely affect our business and investor confidence in us, and reduce our stock price.
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We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq, and, as a result, qualify for, and are relying on, exemptions from certain corporate governance standards. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
Affiliates of L Catterton and an affiliate of GIC Private Limited (“GIC”) control a majority of the voting power of shares eligible to vote in the election of our directors. Because more than 50% of the voting power in the election of our directors is held by an individual, group, or another company, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq. As a controlled company, we may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that, within one year of the date of the listing of our common stock:
We intend to utilize these exemptions. As a result, the majority of our directors are not independent and, with the exception of the audit committee, no committee of our board of directors is composed entirely of independent directors. Accordingly, you do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
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Item 2. Properties.
Properties
We have 936 locations, two manufacturing facilities, eight Company-operated distribution centers, and five third-party distribution centers in 37 states. Most of our locations operate on flexible five-year leases which offer significant flexibility as they can be located in a variety of venues, including strip centers, lifestyle centers, and shopping centers. Our current physical network is summarized in the chart below:
State Number of Locations
Alabama 9
Arkansas 3
Connecticut 16
Delaware 3
Illinois 9
Iowa 1
Kansas 6
Kentucky 6
Louisiana 14
Maryland 9
Massachusetts 11
Michigan 5
Mississippi 4
Missouri 13
Nebraska 2
New Hampshire 3
New Jersey 32
New Mexico 3
New York 32
North Carolina 13
Oklahoma 21
Oregon 5
Pennsylvania 33
Rhode Island 1
South Carolina 9
Tennessee 13
Utah 3
Virginia 15
Washington 11
Total Locations 936
Our corporate offices are located in Phoenix, Arizona. The 92,669 square foot office building has a current lease term through February 28, 2027, with our ability to exercise two five-year renewal options.
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are subject to various litigations, claims and other proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. We believe these actions are routine and incidental to the business. As of October 3, 2020, we had established reserves for claims that are probable and estimable and such reserves were not significant. While we cannot feasibly predict the outcome of these matters with certainty, we believe, based on examination of these matters, experience to date and discussions with counsel, that the ultimate liability, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
PRINCIPAL MARKET
Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the “LESL” symbol and began “regular way” trading on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on October 29, 2020. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock.
STOCKHOLDERS
As of November 30, 2020, there were approximately 21 stockholders of record, although there is a much larger number of beneficial holders. The actual number of stockholders is greater than the number of record holders stated above, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in “street name” by brokers and other nominees.
DIVIDENDS
We have never declared nor paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not expect to pay any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made by our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including: our actual and projected financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations; our capital levels and needs; tax considerations; any acquisitions or potential acquisitions that we may examine; statutory and regulatory prohibitions and other limitations; the terms of any credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements that restrict the amount of cash dividends that we can pay; general economic conditions; and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. We are not obligated to pay dividends on our common stock.
USE OF PROCEEDS
On November 2, 2020, we completed our IPO, pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate of 30,000,000 shares of common stock at the IPO price of $17.00 per share. The selling shareholders in our IPO sold 16,000,000 shares of common stock (inclusive of 6,000,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option) at the IPO price of $17.00 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds from our IPO to the Company were $510.0 million, and the net proceeds were $458.7 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $45.0 million and other IPO expenses of $6.3 million. Net proceeds to the selling stockholders were $272.0 million. The offer and sale of the shares of common stock in the IPO were registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-249372), which the SEC declared effective on October 28, 2020. As the effective date of the registration statement on Form S-1 occurred after the end of the reporting period, the requirement to provide a description of expenses incurred and the use of proceeds between the effective date of the registration statement and the end of the reporting period does not apply. The managing underwriters for our IPO were Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, and BofA Securities, Inc.
There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our IPO as described in our final prospectus dated October 28, 2020 and filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on October 30, 2020.
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
Fiscal Year Ended
October 3, September 28, September 29,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 2020 (1) 2019 2018
Statement of operations data:
Other expense:
Per share data:
Balance sheet data:
Cash flow data:
Other financial and operations data:
Number of new and acquired locations 10 28 38
Number of locations open at end of period 936 952 940
Comparable sales growth(2) 18.0 % 0.4 % (1.3 )%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of sales(3) 16.4 % 17.2 % 17.0 %
Adjusted net income per share $ 0.42 $ 0.08 $ 0.15
(1) Consisted of 53 weeks.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the section titled “Selected Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” or in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We operate on a fiscal calendar that results in a fiscal year consisting of a 52- or 53-week period ending on the Saturday closest to September 30th. In a 52-week fiscal year, each quarter contains 13 weeks of operations; in a 53-week fiscal year, each of the first, second and third quarters includes 13 weeks of operations and the fourth quarter includes 14 weeks of operations. References to fiscal year 2020 and fiscal year 2019 refer to the fiscal years ended October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019. Fiscal year 2020 included 53 weeks of operations. Fiscal year 2019 included 52 weeks of operations.
Our Company
We are the largest and most trusted direct-to-consumer brand in the nearly $11 billion U.S. pool and spa care industry, serving residential, professional, and commercial consumers. Founded in 1963, we are the only direct-to-consumer pool and spa care brand with national scale, operating an integrated marketing and distribution ecosystem powered by a physical network of 936 branded locations and a robust digital platform. We offer an extensive assortment of professional-grade products, the majority of which are exclusive to Leslie’s, as well as certified installation and repair services, all of which are essential to the ongoing maintenance of pools and spas. Our dedicated team of associates, pool and spa care experts, and experienced service technicians are passionate about empowering our consumers with the knowledge, products, and solutions necessary to confidently maintain and enjoy their pools and spas. The considerable scale of our integrated marketing and distribution ecosystem, which is powered by our direct-to-consumer network, uniquely enables us to efficiently reach and service every pool and spa in the continental United States.
We operate primarily in the pool and spa aftermarket industry which is one of the most fundamentally attractive consumer categories given its scale, predictability, and growth outlook. We have a highly predictable, recurring revenue model, as evidenced by our 57 consecutive years of sales growth. More than 80% of our assortment is comprised of non-discretionary products essential to the care of residential and commercial pools and spas. Our assortment includes chemicals, equipment and parts, cleaning and maintenance equipment, and safety, recreational, and fitness-related products. We also offer important essential services, such as equipment installation and repair for residential and commercial consumers. Consumers receive the benefit of extended vendor warranties when purchasing product through our locations or when our certified in-field technicians install or repair equipment on-site. We offer complimentary, commercial-grade in-store water testing and analysis via our proprietary AccuBlue®system, which increases consumer engagement, conversion, basket size, and loyalty, resulting in higher lifetime value. Our water treatment expertise is powered by data and intelligence accumulated from the millions of water tests we have performed over our history, positioning us as the most trusted water treatment service provider in the industry. Due to the non-discretionary nature of our products and services, our business has historically delivered strong, uninterrupted growth and profitability in all market environments, including the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic.
We have a legacy of leadership and disruptive innovation. Since our founding in 1963, we have been the leading innovator in our category and have provided our consumers with the most advanced pool and spa care available. As we have scaled, we have leveraged our competitive advantages to strategically reinvest in our business and intellectual property to develop new value-added capabilities. Over the course of our history, we have pioneered complimentary in-store water testing, offered complimentary in-store equipment repair services, introduced the industry’s first loyalty program, and developed an expansive platform of owned and exclusive brands. These differentiated capabilities allow us to meet the needs of any pool and spa owner, whether they care for their pool or spa themselves or rely on a professional, whenever, wherever, and however they choose to engage with us.
Key Factors and Measures We Use to Evaluate Our Business
We consider a variety of financial and operating measures in assessing the performance of our business. The key GAAP measures we use are sales, gross profit and gross margin, selling, general and administrative expenses, and operating income. The key non-GAAP measures we use are comparable sales, comparable sales growth, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, and adjusted net income per share.
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Sales
We offer a broad range of products that consists of regularly purchased, non-discretionary pool and spa maintenance items such as chemicals, equipment, cleaning accessories and parts, as well as installation and repair services for pool and spa equipment. Our offering of proprietary, owned and third-party brands across diverse product categories drives sales growth by attracting new consumers and encouraging repeat visits from our existing consumers. Revenue from merchandise sales at retail locations is recognized at the point of sale, revenue from services are recognized when the services are rendered and revenue from e-commerce merchandise sales is generally recognized upon shipment of the merchandise. Revenue is recorded net of related discounts and sales tax. Payment from retail customers is generally at the point of sale and payment terms for commercial customers are based on the Company’s credit requirements and generally have terms of less than 60 days. When we receive payment from a consumer before the consumer has taken possession of the merchandise or the service has been performed, the amount received is recorded as deferred revenue or as a customer deposit until the sale or service is complete. Sales are impacted by product mix and availability, as well as promotional and competitive activities and the spending habits of our consumers. Growth of our sales is primarily driven by comparable sales growth and expansion of our locations in existing and new markets.
Comparable Sales and Comparable Sales Growth
We measure comparable sales growth as the increase or decrease in sales recorded by the comparable base in any reporting period, compared to sales recorded by the comparable base in the prior reporting period. The comparable base includes sales through our locations and through our e-commerce websites and third-party marketplaces. Comparable sales is a key measure used by management and our board of directors to assess our financial performance.
We consider a new or acquired location comparable in the first full month after it has completed 52 weeks of sales. Closed locations become non-comparable during their last partial month of operation. Locations that are relocated are considered comparable at the time the relocation is complete. Comparable sales are not calculated in the same manner by all companies, and accordingly, are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies and may not be an appropriate measure for performance relative to other companies.
The number of new locations reflects the number of locations opened during a particular reporting period. New locations require an initial capital investment in location build-outs, fixtures, and equipment, which we amortize over time as well as cash required for inventory.
We opened or acquired 10 locations in fiscal year 2020, 28 locations in fiscal year 2019, and 38 locations in fiscal year 2018. We consolidated operations in certain markets and closed 26 locations in fiscal year 2020, 16 locations in fiscal year 2019, and 5 locations in fiscal year 2018. As of October 3, 2020, we operate 936 retail locations in 37 states across the United States. We own 27 locations and lease the remainder of our locations. Our initial lease terms are typically five years with options to renew for multiple successive five-year periods. We evaluate new opportunities in new and existing markets based on the number of pools and spas in the market, competition, our existing locations, availability and cost of real estate, and distribution cost, and operating costs of our locations. We review performance of our locations on a regular basis and evaluate opportunities to strategically close locations to improve our profitability. Our limited investment costs in individual locations and our ability to transfer sales to our extensive network of remaining locations and e-commerce websites allows us to improve profitability as a result of any strategic closures.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit is equal to our sales less our cost of merchandise and services sold. Cost of merchandise and services sold reflects the direct cost of purchased merchandise, costs to package certain chemical products, including direct materials and labor, costs to provide services, including labor and materials, as well as distribution and occupancy costs. The direct cost of purchased merchandise includes vendor rebates, which are generally treated as a reduction of merchandise costs. We recognize such vendor rebates at the time the obligations to purchase products or perform services have been completed, and the related inventory has been sold. Distribution costs include warehousing and transportation expenses, including costs associated with third-party fulfillment centers used to ship merchandise to our e-commerce consumers. Occupancy costs include the rent, common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and
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depreciation and amortization costs of all retail locations. These costs are significant and can be expected to continue to increase as our company grows.
Gross margin is gross profit as a percentage of our sales. Gross margin is impacted by merchandise costs, pricing and promotions, product mix and availability, inflation, and service costs, which can vary. Our proprietary brands, custom-formulated products, and vertical integration provide us with cost savings, as well as greater control over product availability and quality as compared to other companies in the industry. Gross margin is also impacted by the costs of distribution and occupancy costs, which can vary.
Our gross profit is variable in nature and generally follows changes in sales. The components of our cost of merchandise and services sold may not be comparable to the components of cost of sales or similar measures of other companies. As a result, our gross profit and gross margin may not be comparable to similar data made available by other companies.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, include selling and operating expenses at our retail locations and corporate-level general and administrative expenses. Selling and operating expenses at retail locations include payroll, bonus and benefit costs for personnel, supplies, and credit and debit card processing costs. Corporate expenses include payroll, bonus, and benefit costs for our corporate and field support functions, marketing and advertising, insurance, utilities, occupancy costs related to our corporate office facilities, professional services, and depreciation and amortization for all assets, except those related to our retail locations and distribution operations, which are included in cost of merchandise and services sold. Selling and operating expenses generally vary proportionately with sales and the change in the number of locations. In contrast, general and administrative expenses are generally not directly proportional to sales and the change in the number of locations, but will be expected to increase over time to support the needs of our growing company. The components of our SG&A may not be comparable to the components of similar measures of other companies.
Operating Income
Operating income is gross profit less SG&A. Operating income excludes interest expense, income tax expense, and other expenses, net. We use operating income as an indicator of the productivity of our business and our ability to manage expenses.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by management and our board of directors to assess our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is also frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry, when considered alongside other GAAP measures. We use adjusted EBITDA to supplement GAAP measures of performance to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies, to make budgeting decisions and to compare our performance against that of other companies using similar measures.
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Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest (including amortization of debt costs), taxes, depreciation, amortization, loss (gain) on disposition of fixed assets, management fees, equity-based compensation expense, mark-to-market on interest rate cap, and special items. Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized measure of financial performance under GAAP but is used by some investors to determine a company’s ability to service or incur indebtedness. Adjusted EBITDA is not calculated in the same manner by all companies, and accordingly, is not necessarily comparable to similarly entitled measures of other companies and may not be an appropriate measure for performance relative to other companies. Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an indicator of a company’s operating performance in isolation from, or as a substitute for, net income (loss), cash flows from operations or cash flow data, all of which are prepared in accordance with GAAP. We have presented adjusted EBITDA solely as supplemental disclosure because we believe it allows for a more complete analysis of results of operations. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to represent, and should not be considered more meaningful than, or as an alternative to, measures of operating performance as determined in accordance with GAAP. In the future, we may incur expenses or charges such as those added back to calculate adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by these items.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per Share
Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share are additional key measures used by management and our board of directors to assess our financial performance. Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share are also frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry, when considered alongside other GAAP measures.
Adjusted net income is defined as net income adjusted to exclude loss (gain) on disposition of assets, management fees, equity-based compensation expense, mark-to-market on interest rate cap, and special items. Adjusted net income per share is defined as adjusted net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations
Our results over the past three years have been affected by, among other events, the following events, which must be understood in order to assess the comparability of our period-to-period financial performance and condition.
Impact of COVID-19
We are closely monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business and in all of our locations. As of October 3, 2020, we operated 936 locations in 37 states and all locations are currently open. During the twelve months ended October 3, 2020, we maintained operations in nearly all of our markets as an ‘essential’ business, as defined by various federal, state, and local authorities, by providing essential products and services that maintain the safety and sanitization of homes and businesses. Certain of our locations were temporarily closed or restricted to curbside service only. These closures and restrictions did not have a material impact on our performance during the twelve months ended October 3, 2020. We remain committed to supporting federal, state, and local mandates to prevent the spread of COVID-19 while we operate our business and to do our part in protecting public health.
We help keep our communities safe from serious public health risks by providing essential products and services. Water that is not properly maintained can serve as a breeding ground for potentially fatal bacteria and viruses.
As a business, the health and safety of our consumers, communities, and associates remain our highest priority, and we continue to take all precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to ensure their safety and well-being. We have proactively implemented extensive measures in response to COVID-19 throughout our business operations, including:
• Improved employee benefits related to COVID-19 conditions;
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• Executed remote workforce plan for associates in our corporate offices; and
• Enacted mandatory travel restrictions.
We have also closely coordinated with our vendor partners to minimize the impact of supply disruptions and maintain the flow of essential products to meet the elevated demand from consumers in the current environment. The full impact of COVID-19 on our financial and operating performance will depend significantly on the duration and severity of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain or mitigate its impact, and the change in consumer behaviors. It is not possible to predict the likelihood, timing, or severity of the aforementioned direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on our business. We may further restrict the operations of our locations and distribution facilities and these measures could have a material impact on our sales and earnings. COVID-19 could also lead to significant disruption to our supply chain for products we sell and could have a material impact on our sales and earnings.
Business Acquisitions
In January 2018, we acquired a provider of supplies and services for swimming pools, spas, and above ground pools, and related equipment. The acquisition included five locations in Pennsylvania.
In May 2018, we acquired a pool and spa parts distributor headquartered in Tucson, Arizona. The acquisition included inventory and assets at facilities located in Arizona and Tennessee.
In January 2019, we acquired a provider of supplies and services for swimming pools, spas, barbecues, and fireplaces based in Washington. The acquisition included nine locations in the Pacific Northwest and expanded our physical presence to 36 states.
In October 2019, we acquired a provider of supplies and services for spas, swim spas, and saunas based in Oregon. The acquisition included six locations in the Pacific Northwest and expanded our physical presence to 37 states.
The consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of the acquisitions since their respective acquisition dates. The acquisitions did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations, either individually or in the aggregate. The total purchase consideration was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition, as determined by management. The excess of the purchase price over the amounts allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed has been recorded as goodwill.
Incremental Public Company Expenses
As a newly public company we will incur significant expenses on an ongoing basis that we did not incur as a private company. Those costs include additional director and officer liability insurance expenses, as well as third-party and internal resources related to accounting, auditing, Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance, legal, and investor and public relations expenses. These costs will generally be expensed under SG&A in the consolidated statement of operations.
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Results of Operations
The following tables summarize key components of our results of operations for the periods indicated, both in dollars and as a percentage of our sales.
We derived the consolidated statements of operations for fiscal year 2020, fiscal year 2019 and fiscal year 2018 from our consolidated financial statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.
Results of Operations
Fiscal Year Ended
October 3, September 28, September 29,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 2020 2019 2018
Other expense:
Percentage of Sales(1) (%) (%) (%)
Cost of merchandise and services sold 58.6 59.1 60.0
Selling, general and administrative expenses 28.3 27.8 27.1
Other expenses, net 0.1 0.8 0.1
Income before taxes 5.5 1.7 2.5
Other financial and operations data:
Number of new and acquired locations 10 28 38
Number of locations open at end of period 936 952 940
Comparable Sales Growth(2) 18.0 % 0.4 % (1.3 )%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of sales(3) 16.4 % 17.2 % 17.0 %
Adjusted net income per share $ 0.42 $ 0.08 $ 0.15
(1) Components may not add to totals due to rounding.
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Results of Operations
Fiscal Year Ended
October 3, September 28, September 29,
Mark-to-market on interest rate cap (e) 22 4,288 (3,045 )
Results of Operations
Fiscal Year Ended
October 3, September 28, September 29,
Mark-to-market on interest rate cap (e) 22 4,288 (3,045 )
Tax effects of these adjustments (g) (2,147 ) (3,381 ) (206 )
(d) Represents non-cash charges related to equity-based compensation.
Fiscal Year 2020 Compared to Fiscal Year 2019
Impact of 53rd week
Fiscal year 2020 included a 53rd week, which added approximately $18.0 million in sales, $1.5 million in net income, and $3.0 million in adjusted EBITDA.
Sales
Sales increased to $1,112.2 million in fiscal year 2020 from $928.2 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $184.0 million or 19.8%. The increase was the result of a comparable sales increase of 18.0% and non-comparable sales growth primarily attributable to acquisitions and the 53rd week. The comparable sales increase of $163.3 million in fiscal year 2020 was driven by an increase in consumer demand across all product categories due to higher use of residential pools and spas. We believe that COVID-19 has accelerated secular trends in consumer behavior and has favorably impacted our sales. While the duration and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are uncertain, we anticipate that the changes in consumer behavior will continue for the foreseeable future.
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Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit increased to $460.7 million in fiscal year 2020 from $379.7 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $81.0 million or 21.3%. Gross profit increased by $72.4 million related to higher comparable sales and by $8.8 million related to higher non-comparable sales, and was partially offset by $0.2 million in higher occupancy expenses. Gross margin increased to 41.4% in fiscal year 2020 compared to 40.9% in fiscal year 2019, an increase of 51 basis points.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A increased to $314.3 million in fiscal year 2020 from $258.2 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $56.2 million or 21.8%. The increase in SG&A was primarily driven by increased costs related to higher sales volume of $20.6 million, higher compensation expense of $10.9 million, expenses associated with COVID-19 of $8.6 million for temporary wage increases and personal protective equipment, expenses related to strategic consolidations of certain locations of $3.5 million, one-time bonus incentive accruals of $2.9 million, and higher general and administrative expenses of $9.7 million partially driven by higher spend related to information systems. As a percentage of sales, SG&A increased to 28.3% in fiscal year 2020 compared to 27.8% in fiscal year 2019, an increase of 45 basis points.
Total Other Expense
Total other expense decreased to $85.2 million in fiscal year 2020 from $106.0 million in fiscal year 2019, a decrease of $20.8 million. The decrease in fiscal year 2020 was primarily driven by lower interest expense on our floating rate debt of $14.5 million, a reduction in fair market valuation adjustments related to our interest rate cap agreements of $4.3 million, and a reduction of other expenses of $2.0 million.
Income Taxes
We recorded an income tax expense of $2.6 million in fiscal year 2020 and an expense of $14.9 million in fiscal year 2019, a decrease of $12.2 million. The change in income tax expenses was the result of higher pre-tax income during fiscal year 2020 and was more than offset by the impact of limitations on interest expense deductibility in accordance with section 163(j) of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 in each period.
Net Income and Net Income per Share
Consequently, net income increased to $58.6 million in fiscal year 2020 from an income of $0.7 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $57.9 million. Net income per share increased to $0.37 in fiscal year 2020 from a net income per share of $0.00 in fiscal year 2019.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA increased to $182.8 million in fiscal year 2020 from $160.0 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $22.8 million or 14.2%. The increase is due primarily to our increase in comparable sales and an improvement in gross margin. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of sales decreased to 16.4% in fiscal year 2020 compared to 17.2% in fiscal year 2019, a decrease of 81 basis points.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per Share
Adjusted net income increased to $65.0 million in fiscal year 2020 from an adjusted net income of $12.8 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $52.2 million. Adjusted net income per share increased to $0.42 in fiscal year 2020 from an adjusted net income per share of $0.08 in fiscal year 2019.
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Fiscal Year 2019 Compared to Fiscal Year 2018
Sales
Sales increased to $928.2 million in fiscal year 2019 from $892.6 million in fiscal year 2018, an increase of $35.6 million or 4.0%. This increase was driven primarily by a $31.9 million increase related to non-comparable sales related to acquisitions and higher comparable sales of $3.7 million. Comparable sales increased by 0.4% in fiscal year 2019 when compared to the prior year.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit increased to $379.7 million in fiscal year 2019 from $357.1 million in fiscal year 2018, an increase of $22.6 million or 6.3%. Gross profit increased by $18.0 million related to higher comparable sales and by $8.8 million related to higher non-comparable sales. The increase in gross profit was partially offset by higher occupancy expenses of $2.6 million and higher distribution expenses of $1.6 million. Gross margin increased to 40.9% in fiscal year 2019 compared to 40.0% in fiscal year 2018, an increase of 90 basis points.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A increased to $258.2 million in fiscal year 2019 from $241.7 million in fiscal year 2018, an increase of $16.5 million or 6.8%. The increase in SG&A was primarily driven by costs related to higher sales volume of $8.8 million, higher compensation expense of $5.2 million, and higher corporate support expenses of $2.5 million. As a percentage of sales, SG&A increased to 27.8% in fiscal year 2019 compared to 27.1% in fiscal year 2018, an increase of 74 basis points.
Total Other Expense
Total other expense increased to $106.0 million in fiscal year 2019 from $93.4 million in fiscal year 2018, an increase of $12.6 million. The increase was primarily driven by higher interest expense on our floating rate debt of $6.9 million, the impact related to the change in fair value of our interest rate cap agreements of $7.3 million, and partially offset by lower other expenses of $1.6 million.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense increased to $14.9 million in fiscal year 2019 from $4.9 million in fiscal year 2018. The increase in income tax expense and the effective tax rate is related to a higher valuation allowance recorded in the current year due to limitations on interest expense deductibility in accordance with section 163(j) of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. As of September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, we recorded a deferred tax asset of $17.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively, and a valuation allowance of $16.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively, related to our interest expense limitation.
Net Income and Net Income per Share
Consequently, net income decreased to $0.7 million in fiscal year 2019 from $17.1 million in fiscal year 2018, a decrease of $16.4 million. Net income per share decreased to $0.00 in fiscal year 2019 compared to $0.11 in fiscal year 2018.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA increased to $160.0 million in fiscal year 2019 compared to $151.8 million in fiscal year 2018, an increase of $8.2 million or 5.4%. The increase in adjusted EBITDA primarily related to the incremental sales associated with an increase in our non-comparable sales and an improvement in gross margin. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of sales increased to 17.2% in fiscal year 2019 compared to 17.0% in fiscal year 2018, an increase of 23 basis points.
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Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Per Share
Adjusted net income decreased to $12.8 million in fiscal year 2019 compared to $23.4 million in fiscal year 2018, a decrease of $10.1 million. Adjusted net income per share decreased to $0.08 in fiscal year 2019 compared to $0.15 in fiscal year 2018.
Seasonality and Quarterly Fluctuations
Our business is highly seasonal. In general, sales and earnings are highest during our fiscal year third and fourth quarters, which include April through September and represent the peak months of swimming pool use. In fiscal year 2020, we generated 77% of our sales and 109% of our adjusted EBITDA in the third and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. Sales are substantially lower during our fiscal first and second quarters. We have a long track record of investing in our business throughout the year, including in operating expenses, working capital, and capital expenditures related to new locations and other growth initiatives. While these investments drive performance during the primary selling season in our third and fourth fiscal quarters, they have a negative impact during our first and second fiscal quarters.
We experience a build-up of inventory and accounts payable during the fiscal first and second quarters of the year in anticipation of the peak swimming pool supply selling season. We negotiate extended payment terms with certain of our primary suppliers as we receive merchandise in December through March and we pay for merchandise in April through July. As a result of lower sales volumes during our fiscal first and second quarters, we reach peak borrowing during our fiscal second quarter.
The principal external factor affecting our business is weather. Hot weather can increase purchases of chemicals and other non-discretionary products, purchases of discretionary products, and can drive increased activity around installation and repair services we offer. Unseasonably cool weather or significant amounts of rainfall during the peak sales season can reduce chemical consumption in pools and spas and decrease consumer purchases of our products and services. In addition, unseasonably early or late warming trends can increase or decrease the length of the pool season and impact timing around pool openings and closings and, therefore, our total sales and timing of our sales.
We generally open new locations before our peak selling season begins and we close locations after our peak selling season ends. We expect that our quarterly results of operations will fluctuate depending on the timing and amount of sales contributed by new locations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our primary sources of liquidity are net cash provided by operating activities and availability under our ABL Credit Facility. Historically, we have funded working capital requirements, capital expenditures, payments related to acquisitions, and debt service requirements with internally generated cash on hand and through our ABL Credit Facility.
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit with banks. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $157.1 million as of October 3, 2020, $90.9 million as of September 28, 2019, and $77.6 million as of September 29, 2018. As of October 3, 2020, September 28, 2019, and September 29, 2018, we did not have any outstanding borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility. On August 13, 2020, we entered into an agreement to amend our ABL Credit Facility to extend the final maturity to August 13, 2025 and increase our borrowing capacity to $200 million, subject to certain restrictions.
Our primary working capital requirements are for the purchase of inventory, payroll, rent, other facility costs, distribution costs, and general and administrative costs. Our working capital requirements fluctuate during the year, driven primarily by seasonality and the timing of inventory purchases.
Our capital expenditures are primarily related to infrastructure-related investments, including investments related to upgrading and maintaining our information technology systems, ongoing location improvements, expenditures related to our distribution centers, and new location openings. We expect to fund capital expenditures from net cash provided by operating activities.
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Based on our growth plans, we believe our cash and cash equivalents position, net cash provided by operating activities and availability under our ABL Credit Facility will be adequate to finance our working capital requirements, planned capital expenditures, and debt service over the next 12 months. In the future, we may also allocate capital toward additional strategic acquisitions. If cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility are not sufficient or available to meet our capital requirements, then we will be required to obtain additional equity or debt financing in the future. There can be no assurance equity or debt financing will be available to us if we need it or, if available, the terms will be satisfactory to us.
As of October 3, 2020, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $11.6 million and, after considering borrowing base restrictions, we had $125.5 million of available borrowing capacity under the terms of the ABL Credit Facility. As of October 3, 2020, we were in compliance with the covenants under the ABL Credit Facility, the Term Loan, and the Senior Unsecured Notes.
Summary of Cash Flows
A summary of our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities is presented in the following table (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
October 3, September 28, September 29,
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $103.4 million in fiscal year 2020 from $57.8 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $45.6 million or 78.8%. The increase was primarily driven by a $57.9 million increase in net income, a $2.8 million decrease related to changes in operating assets and liabilities, and a decrease in non-cash adjustments of $9.5 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities was driven by changes in working capital, including an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily related to compensation expense accruals and payment timing for other expenses, lower inventories resulting from higher sales volume in the current year period, lower accounts receivable related to reduced commercial account activity and improved collection of vendor receivables. The increase in cash flows related to working capital was partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and an increase in income tax payable. The increase in non-cash adjustments primarily related to a change in deferred income taxes.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $57.8 million in fiscal year 2019 from $43.3 million in fiscal year 2018, an increase of $14.5 million or 33.6%. The increase was primarily driven by a $33.3 million increase related to changes in operating assets and liabilities and partially offset by a $16.4 million decrease in net income. The changes in operating assets and liabilities were driven by changes in by working capital, including an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily related to compensation expense accruals and payment timing of rent and other expenses, and an increase in income tax payable.
Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased to $26.8 million in fiscal year 2020 from $37.0 million in fiscal year 2019, a decrease of $10.2 million. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities relates to fewer new locations and a reduction in investments related to acquisitions in the current year period. Our net cash used in investing activities related to the acquisitions included $6.2 million in fiscal year 2020 and $9.6 million in fiscal year 2019.
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Net cash used in investing activities decreased to $37.0 million for fiscal year 2019 from $40.2 million for fiscal year 2018, a decrease of $3.2 million. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities relates to fewer new locations and a reduction in investments related to the acquisitions in the current year period. Our net cash used in investing activities related to acquisitions included $9.6 million in fiscal year 2019 and $11.8 million in fiscal year 2018.
Cash Used in Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities increased to $10.4 million in fiscal year 2020 from $7.5 million for fiscal year 2019, an increase of $2.9 million. The increase in net cash used in financing related to an increase of $4.2 million of mandatory payments on our Term Loan offset by a decrease of $1.2 million in payments of declared dividends.
Net cash used in financing activities decreased to $7.5 million for fiscal year 2019 from $24.4 million for fiscal year 2018, a decrease of $16.9 million. The decrease in net cash used in 2019 is primarily the result of fewer mandatory payments on our Term Loan during year.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations as of October 3, 2020:
Payments Due By Period
Senior Unsecured Notes 390.0 - - - 390.0 - -
Letters of credit 11.6 11.6 - - - - -
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of October 3, 2020.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates on historical results and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, all of which form the basis for making estimates concerning the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect the most significant estimates and management judgments used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
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Vendor Rebates
Many of our vendor arrangements provide for us to receive specified amounts of consideration when we achieve various measures. These measures generally relate to the volume of purchases from our vendors. We generally account for vendor programs as a reduction of the prices of the vendor’s products and therefore a reduction of inventory until we sell the product, at which time we recognize such consideration as a reduction of cost of merchandise and services sold in our consolidated statement of operations. Certain programs offering advertising support are recorded as a reduction to selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. For certain arrangements, we estimate the amount earned based on our latest projection of total purchases. We update our estimates each period to reflect actual purchase levels and any changes to our projection of total purchases.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles
We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or on an interim basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the fair value of such assets may be below their carrying amount.
For goodwill, we may first make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value. The qualitative impairment assessment includes considering various factors including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, and any reporting unit specific events. If it is determined through the qualitative assessment that the reporting unit’s fair value is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, the quantitative impairment assessment is not required. If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the reporting unit’s fair value is not greater than its carrying value, we must perform a quantitative impairment assessment. If it is determined a quantitative assessment is necessary, we would compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the respective carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is higher than the fair value, the difference would be recognized as an impairment loss.
Similar to our test for impairment of goodwill, we may first make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible assets’ fair value is less than its carrying value to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment assessment. If it is determined a quantitative assessment is necessary, we would compare their estimated fair values to their carrying values. We would recognize an impairment charge when the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value. We annually evaluate whether the trade names continue to have an indefinite life.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets, including the benefit of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, are evaluated based on the guidelines for realization and are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is deemed more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. We consider several factors in evaluating the realizability of our deferred tax assets, including the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses, the remaining years available for carryforwards, changes in tax laws, the future profitability of the operations in the jurisdiction, and tax planning strategies.
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets can be dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the associated temporary differences became deductible. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate whether it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized in the future and conclude whether a valuation allowance must be established.
Self-Insurance
We are self-insured for certain losses related to health, workers’ compensation and general liability insurance, although we maintain stop-loss coverage with third-party insurers to limit our liability exposure. Liabilities associated with these losses are estimated in part by considering historical claim experience, industry factors, severity factors and other assumptions. We review and update these reserves on a quarterly basis.
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Inventory Valuation
Inventories consist of merchandise held for sale and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. When evidence exists that the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, the difference is recorded in cost of merchandise and services sold in our consolidated statement of operations as a loss in the period in which it occurs. We provide provisions for losses related to inventories based on historical purchase cost, selling price, margin, and current business trends. The estimates have calculations that require us to make assumptions based on the current rate of sales, age, salability of inventory, and profitability of inventory, all of which may be affected by changes in our merchandising mix and consumer preferences. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the assumptions we use to calculate our inventory provisions. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates and assumptions, we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. We review and update these reserves on a quarterly basis.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Interest Rate Risk
Our operating results are subject to risk from interest rate fluctuations on our borrowings, which carry variable interest rates. Our borrowings include our ABL Credit Facility, Term Loan, and Senior Unsecured Notes. Our ABL Credit Facility provides for revolving loans of up to $200.0 million, with a sub-commitment for issuance of letters of credit of $25.0 million. Because our borrowings bear interest at a variable rate, we are exposed to market risks relating to changes in interest rates. As of October 3. 2020, we had $811.2 million and $390.0 million of outstanding variable rate loans outstanding under our Term Loan and Senior Unsecured Notes, respectively, and no outstanding variable rate debt under our ABL Credit Facility. In conjunction with our IPO all of our obligations related to the Senior Unsecured Notes have been settled. Based on the outstanding variable rate loan balances for the Term Loan and ABL Credit Facility an increase or decrease of 1% in the effective interest rate would cause an increase or decrease in interest cost of approximately $8.1 million over the next 12 months. We have entered into interest rate cap agreements to manage interest rate risk. Such agreements cap the borrowing rate on variable debt to provide a hedge against the risk of rising rates. At October 3, 2020, September 28, 2019, and September 29, 2018, we had two interest rate cap agreements with total notional amount of $750 million (the “Cap Agreements”) to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in the three-month LIBOR and effectively cap the LIBOR applicable to our variable rate debt at a rate of 3.00%. The four-year Cap Agreements reset and settle quarterly through March 31, 2021. Fluctuations in the market value of the Cap Agreements are recorded in “Other income and expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Impact of Inflation
Our results of operations and financial condition are presented based on historical cost. We actively manage the impact of inflation, including tariffs, through strong relationships with our diverse supplier base, vendor negotiation, and price and promotion management. We also strategically invest through inventory purchases in order to obtain favorable pricing ahead of any vendor price increases. As a result, we believe we have an ability to substantially mitigate negative impacts of inflation.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
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LESLIE’S, INC.
INDEX TO Consolidated Financial Statements
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal years ended October 3, 2020, September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 48
Consolidated Balance Sheets 49
Consolidated Statements of Operations 50
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit 51
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 52
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 53
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Leslie’s, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Leslie’s, Inc. (the Company) as of October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ deficit and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended October 3, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended October 3, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Adoption of New Accounting Standard
As discussed in Notes 2 and 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method for accounting for leases in the year ended October 3, 2020 due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2000.
Phoenix, Arizona
December 23, 2020
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LESLIE’S, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Assets
Current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 34,614 7,589
Operating lease right-of-use assets 177,655 —
Deferred tax assets 6,583 —
Liabilities and stockholders’ deficit
Current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities 54,459 —
Current portion of long-term debt 8,341 8,341
Deferred tax liabilities — 1,240
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 130,234 —
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ deficit
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit $ 746,438 $ 479,721
See accompanying notes which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LESLIE’S, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Other expense:
Net income per share
Weighted average shares outstanding
See accompanying notes which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LESLIE’S, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)
Common Stock Capital Retained
Shares Amount Deficit Deficit Totals
Equity-based compensation — — 1,785 — 1,785
Recovery of deemed distributions — — — 141 141
Equity-based compensation — — 2,130 — 2,130
Payment of dividend — — — (1,240 ) (1,240 )
Impact of adoption of new accounting pronouncements — — — 12 12
Equity-based compensation — — 1,785 — 1,785
See accompanying notes which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LESLIE’S, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands)
Operating activities
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts 3,489 3,240 3,013
Loss on extinguishment of debt — — 488
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (26,912 ) (1,670 ) 289
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net 7,037 — —
Investing activities
Proceeds from disposition of fixed assets 7 64 325
Financing activities
Recovery of deemed distribution — — 141
Payment of dividend — (1,240 ) —
Payment of deferred financing costs — — (865 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 66,173 13,330 (21,325 )
Supplemental disclosure of cash payments for:
See accompanying notes which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LESLIE’S, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1—Business and Operations
Leslie’s, Inc. (“Leslie’s,” “we,” “our,” “us,” “its,” or the “Company”) is the leading direct-to-consumer pool and spa care brand. We market and sell pool and spa supplies and related products and services, which primarily consist of maintenance items such as chemicals, equipment and parts, cleaning accessories, as well as safety, recreational, and fitness-related products. We currently market our products through 936 company-operated locations in 37 states and e-commerce websites.
Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
We prepared the consolidated financial statements following U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and operating results. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Leslie’s, Inc. and our subsidiaries.
All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
All share and per share information included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements has been retroactively adjusted to reflect a 156,500-for-1 stock split which was effected on October 23, 2020. The par value of the common stock was not adjusted as the result of the stock split.
Fiscal Periods
We operate on a fiscal calendar that results in a fiscal year consisting of a 52- or 53-week period ending on the Saturday closest to September 30th. In a 52-week fiscal year, each quarter contains 13 weeks of operations; in a 53-week fiscal year, each of the first, second and third quarters includes 13 weeks of operations and the fourth quarter includes 14 weeks of operations. References to fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 refer to the 53 weeks ended October 3, 2020, 52 weeks ended September 28, 2019 and 52 weeks ended September 29, 2018, respectively.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
To prepare financial statements that conform to GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Our most significant estimates relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence reserves, vendor programs, income taxes, self-insurance, and goodwill impairment evaluations. We continually review our estimates and make adjustments as necessary, but actual results could be significantly different from what we expected when we made these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, money market funds and credit and debit card transactions. Our cash balance at financial institutions may exceed the FDIC insurance coverage limit. We consider all investments with an original maturity of three months or less and money market funds to be cash equivalents. All credit card and debit card transactions that process in less than seven days are classified as cash and cash equivalents. The amounts due from financial intermediaries for these transactions classified as cash and cash equivalents totaled $157.1 million and $90.9 million at October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019.
Fair Value Measurements
We measure certain financial instruments and other items at fair value.
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To determine the fair value, we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use to value an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs based on assumptions about the factors market participants would use to value an asset or liability.
The fair value hierarchy is as follows, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques and also includes instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.
As of October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019, we held zero and $85.5 million, respectively, in money market funds that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets were determined to be Level 1 assets as they are actively traded and are classified as cash and cash equivalents.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We evaluate our financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level of classification for each reporting period within the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of the Term Loan due in 2023 (see Note 8), was determined to be $796.5 million at October 3, 2020 and $783.6 million at September 28, 2019. Fair value of the Senior Unsecured Notes (see Note 8) at October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019 was estimated to be $390.0 million. These fair value estimates, determined to be Level 2, are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates.
The fair value of the interest rate cap agreements (see Note 8), determined to be Level 2, and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019. Changes in fair value of the interest rate cap are recorded in other expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.
There were no transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy during the fiscal years ended October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019 respectively.
Vendor Rebates
Many of our vendor arrangements provide for us to receive specified amounts of consideration when we achieve various measures. These measures generally relate to the volume level of purchases from our vendors. We generally account for vendor programs as a reduction of the prices of the vendor’s products and therefore a reduction of inventory until we sell the product, at which time we recognize such consideration as a reduction of cost of merchandise and services sold in our consolidated statement of operations. Certain programs offering advertising support are recorded as a reduction to selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Accounts and other receivables include vendor rebate receivables of $15.9 million and $16.7 million as of October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019, respectively.
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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Allowance for doubtful accounts is calculated based on historical experience, counterparty credit risk, consumer credit risk and application of the specific identification method and was not material in fiscal 2020 or 2019.
Inventories, Net
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. We value inventory using the weighted-average cost method. We evaluate inventory for excess and obsolescence and record necessary reserves. We provide provisions for losses related to inventories based on historical purchase cost, selling price, margin, and current business trends. When an inventory item is sold or disposed, the associated reserve is released at that time.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Costs of normal maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major replacements or improvements of property and equipment are capitalized. When items are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations.
Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method. These charges are based on the following range of useful lives:
Buildings and improvements 5–39 years
Vehicles, machinery, and equipment 3–10 years
Office furniture and equipment 3–7 years
Leasehold improvements 5–10 years, not to exceed the lease life
We evaluate events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, we assess the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether or not the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted future cash flows derived from their use and eventual disposition. For purposes of this assessment, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset, we record an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value. We recorded an impairment charge of $0.2 million, $1.2 million and $0.7 million in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.The impairment charge is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Internal Use Software
Expenditures for software developed for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset. Our policy provides for the capitalization of external direct costs of materials and services associated with developing or obtaining internal use computer software. In addition, we also capitalize certain payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with internal use computer software development projects. The amount of payroll costs capitalized with respect to these employees is limited to the time directly spent on such projects. Costs associated with preliminary project stage activities, training, maintenance and all other post-implementation stage activities are expensed as incurred.
Capitalized software additions placed into service were $3.0 million and $4.0 million in fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Capitalized software accumulated amortization totaled approximately $11.1 million and $8.7 million as of October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019, respectively. Capitalized software and development costs remaining to be amortized were approximately $7.0 million and $6.4 million, as of October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019, respectively.
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Goodwill and Other Intangibles, net
Goodwill and intangible assets are recorded at cost or at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. We review goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually (in the fourth quarter) or on an interim basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the fair value of such assets may be below their carrying amount.
We may first make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value. The qualitative impairment assessment includes considering various factors including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, a sustained share price or market capitalization decrease, and any reporting unit specific events. If it is determined through the qualitative assessment that a reporting unit’s fair value is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, the quantitative impairment assessment is not required. If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is not greater than its carrying value, we must perform a quantitative impairment assessment. If it is determined a quantitative assessment is necessary, we would compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the respective carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is higher than the fair value, the difference would be recognized as an impairment loss.
Similar to our test for impairment of goodwill, we may first make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite lived intangible assets’ fair value is less than its carrying value to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment assessment. If it is determined a quantitative assessment is necessary, we would compare their estimated fair values to their carrying values. We would recognize an impairment charge when the estimated fair value of the indefinite lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value. We annually evaluate whether the trade names continue to have an indefinite life.
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized to reflect the pattern of economic benefits consumed. We evaluate amortizable intangible assets for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Intangible assets useful lives are reviewed annually.
After we made our qualitative assessments it was determined that there were no impairment charges related to goodwill or other indefinite lived intangible assets during the years ended October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets, including the benefit of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, are evaluated based on the guidelines for realization and are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is deemed more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. We consider several factors in evaluating the realizability of our deferred tax assets, including the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses, the remaining years available for carryforwards, changes in tax laws, the future profitability of the operations in the jurisdiction, and tax planning strategies. Our judgments and estimates concerning realizability of deferred tax assets could change if any of the evaluation factors change, resulting in an increase or decrease to income tax expense in any period.
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets can be dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the associated temporary differences became deductible. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate whether it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized in the future and conclude whether a valuation allowance must be established.
We record a liability for uncertain tax positions to the extent a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return does not meet certain recognition or measurement criteria. Considerable management judgment is necessary to assess the inherent uncertainties related to the interpretations of complex tax laws, regulations and taxing authority rulings, as well as to the expiration of statutes of limitations in the numerous and varied jurisdictions in which we operate. Our judgments and estimates may change as a result of the evaluation of new information, such as the outcome
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of tax audits or changes to or further interpretations of tax laws and regulations, resulting in an increase or decrease to income tax expense in any period. Interest and penalties accrued, if any, relating to uncertain tax positions will be recognized as a component of the income tax provision.
We determined there were no material uncertain tax positions as of October 3, 2020 and September 28, 2019.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for such goods or services. Revenue from merchandise sales at retail locations is recognized at the point of sale, revenue from services are recognized when the services are rendered and revenue from e-commerce merchandise sales is generally recognized upon shipment of the merchandise. Revenue is recorded net of related discounts and sales tax. Payment from retail customers is generally at the point of sale and payment terms for commercial customers are based on the Company’s credit requirements and generally have terms of less than 60 days. When we receive payment from a consumer before the consumer has taken possession of the merchandise or the service has been performed, the amount received is recorded as deferred revenue or as a customer deposit until the sale or service is complete. We do not provide an estimated allowance for sales returns or chargebacks, as they have been determined to be immaterial. Shipping and handling are treated as costs to fulfill the contract and not a separate performance obligation. We include shipping and handling fees billed to customers as freight out income within net sales and those costs are charged to cost of merchandise and services sold.
The Company offers a customer loyalty program that provides customers with the ability to earn reward points based on their purchases. Loyalty rewards are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and deferred revenue is recorded in the amount of the transaction price allocated to the rewards, inclusive of the impact of estimated breakage. The estimated breakage of loyalty rewards is based on historical redemption rates experienced under the loyalty program. Revenue is recognized when the rewards are redeemed, expire or based on estimated breakage. The amount of deferred revenue related to the loyalty program is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet and is not material. Prior to fiscal 2020, loyalty program revenue was recorded using the incremental cost method within cost of sales on the consolidated statements of income.
Cost of Merchandise and Services Sold
Cost of merchandise and services sold reflects the direct cost of purchased merchandise, costs to package certain chemical products, including direct materials and labor, costs to provide services, including labor and materials, as well as distribution and occupancy costs. Distribution costs include warehousing and transportation expenses, including costs associated with third-party fulfillment centers. Occupancy costs include the rent, common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and depreciation and amortization costs of all retail locations.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our selling, general and administrative expenses include selling and operating expenses at our retail locations and corporate-level general and administrative expenses. Selling and operating expenses at retail locations include payroll, bonus and benefit costs for personnel, supplies, and credit and debit card processing costs. Corporate expenses include payroll, bonus, and benefit costs for our corporate and field support functions, marketing and advertising, insurance, utilities, occupancy costs related to our corporate office facilities, professional services, and depreciation and amortization for all assets, except those related to our retail locations and distribution operations, which are included in cost of merchandise and services sold.