Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis provides information that Lucid management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of Lucid’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition as of December 31, 2022 and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. The discussion should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”). For discussion related to our financial condition as of December 31, 2021, results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and year to year comparison between the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed on February 28, 2022 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon Lucid’s current expectations, estimates and projections that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report.

Overview

We are a technology and automotive company with a mission to inspire the adoption of sustainable energy by creating advanced technologies and the most captivating luxury electric vehicles, centered around the human experience. Our focus on in-house technology innovation, vertical integration, and a “clean sheet” approach to engineering and design have led to the development of the award-winning Lucid Air.

We sell vehicles directly to consumers through our retail sales network and through direct online sales including through Lucid Financial Services. We believe that owning our sales network provides an opportunity to closely manage the customer experience, gather direct customer feedback, and ensure that customer interactions are on-brand and tailored to our customers’ needs. We own and operate a vehicle service network comprised of service centers in major metropolitan areas and a fleet of mobile service vehicles. In addition to our in-house service capabilities, we established and continue to grow an approved list of specially trained collision repair shops which also serve as repair hubs for our mobile service offerings in some cases.

We began delivering Lucid Air to customers in October 2021. We expect to launch additional vehicles over the coming decade. We have already commenced design and engineering work for Lucid Gravity, a luxury sports utility vehicle (“SUV”) that is expected to leverage and expand the technological advancements from Lucid Air. We expect to begin production of Lucid Gravity in 2024. After Lucid Air and Lucid Gravity, we plan to leverage and expand our technological and manufacturing advancements to develop and manufacture progressively higher-volume vehicle segments.

Recent Developments

At-the-Market Offering

On November 8, 2022, we entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with BofA Securities, Inc., Barclays Capital Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., under which we could offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $600.0 million (the “At-the-Market Offering”). During the year ended December 31, 2022, we issued 56,203,334 shares at a weighted average price per share of $10.68, and received net proceeds of $594.3 million after deducting commissions and other issuance costs of approximately $5.7 million. No shares remain available for sale under the Equity Distribution Agreement.

Subscription Agreement

On November 8, 2022, we entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with Ayar Third Investment Company, the controlling stockholder of the Company (“Ayar”), pursuant to which Ayar agreed to purchase from us, up to $915.0 million of shares of our common stock in one or more private placements through March 31, 2023. In December 2022, we issued 85,712,679 shares to Ayar pursuant to the Subscription Agreement at a weighted average price per share of $10.68, and received aggregate proceeds of $915.0 million.

Potential Impact of an Economic Downturn on our Business

A global economic recession or other downturn, whether due to inflation, ongoing conflict in Ukraine or other geopolitical events, COVID-19 or other public health crises, interest rate increases or other policy actions by major central banks, or other factors, may have an adverse impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse economic conditions as well as uncertainty about the current and future global economic conditions may cause our customers to defer purchases or cancel their reservations and orders in response to higher interest rates, availability of consumer credit, decreased cash availability, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and weakened consumer confidence. Reduced demand for our products may result in significant decreases in our product sales, which in turn would have a material adverse impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Because of our premium brand positioning and pricing, an economic downturn is likely to have a heightened adverse effect on us compared to many of our electric vehicle and traditional automotive industry competitors, to the extent that consumer demand for luxury goods is reduced in favor of lower-priced alternatives. In addition, any economic recession or other downturn could also cause logistical challenges and other operational risks if any of our suppliers, sub-suppliers or partners become insolvent or are otherwise unable to continue their operations, fulfill their obligations to us, or meet our future demand. In addition, the deterioration of conditions in global credit markets may limit our ability to obtain external financing to fund our operations and capital expenditures on terms favorable to us, if at all. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report for more information regarding risks associated with a global economic recession, including under the caption “A global economic recession or other downturn may have a material adverse impact on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.”

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on our Business

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the global economy and caused significant macroeconomic uncertainty. Infection rates vary across the jurisdictions in which we operate. We have taken proactive action to protect the health and safety of our employees, customers, partners and suppliers, consistent with the latest and evolving governmental guidelines. We continue to monitor the evolving situation and guidance from international and domestic authorities, including federal, state and local public health authorities, and may take additional actions based on their recommendations and requirements or as we otherwise see fit to protect the health and safety of our employees, customers, partners and suppliers.

While certain of our and our suppliers’ operations have from time-to-time been temporarily affected by government-mandated restrictions, we were able to commence deliveries of Lucid Air to customers and to proceed with the construction of our Advanced Manufacturing Plant 1 in Casa Grande, Arizona (“AMP-1”). Broader impacts of the pandemic have included inflationary pressure as well as ongoing, industry-wide challenges in logistics and supply chains, such as increased port congestion, intermittent supplier delays and a shortfall of semiconductor supply. Because we rely on third party suppliers for the development, manufacture, and/or provision and development of many of the key components and materials used in our vehicles, as well as provisioning and servicing equipment in our manufacturing facilities, we have been affected by inflation and such industry-wide challenges in logistics and supply chains. While we continue to focus on mitigating risks to our operations and supply chain in the current industry environment, we expect that these industry-wide trends will continue to impact our cost structure as well as our ability and the ability of our suppliers to obtain parts, components and manufacturing equipment on a timely basis for the foreseeable future.

In the current circumstances, any impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in the future continues to be difficult to estimate and predict, as it depends on future events that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with accuracy. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report for more information regarding risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including under the caption “The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and we cannot predict its ultimate impact on, our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.”

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our future success and financial performance depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for our business, but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report.

Design and Technology Leadership

We believe that we are positioned to be a leader in the electric vehicle market by unlocking the potential for advanced, high-performance, and long-range electric vehicles to co-exist. Lucid Air is designed with race-proven battery and powertrain technologies and robust performance together with a sleek exterior design and expansive interior space given our miniaturized key drivetrain components. We anticipate consumer demand for Lucid Air based on its luxurious design, high-performance technology and sustainability leadership, and the growing acceptance of and demand for electric vehicles as a substitute for gasoline-fueled vehicles. We have received significant interest in Lucid Air from potential customers. As of February 21, 2023, we had refundable reservations and non-refundable orders of cars yet to be delivered that reflect potential sales of over $2.7 billion. In addition, we have an agreement with the Ministry of Finance of Saudi Arabia, under which the Government of Saudi Arabia and its entities and corporate subsidiaries undertook to purchase up to 100,000 vehicles over a ten-year period, with an initial commitment to purchase 50,000 vehicles and an option to purchase up to an additional 50,000 vehicles over the same period. With the progression of our business, we believe production and deliveries are a better representation of our progress. Going forward, we no longer plan to provide an updated quarterly number on refundable reservations and non-refundable orders.

Direct-to-Consumer Model

We operate a direct-to-consumer sales and service model, which we believe will allow us to offer a personalized experience for our customers based on their purchase and ownership preferences. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses in our sales and marketing operations for sale of Lucid Air, including to open studios, hire a sales force, invest in marketing and brand awareness, and stand up a service center operation. As of December 31, 2022, we have opened thirty-five studios and service centers, one in Germany, one in Netherlands, one in Saudi Arabia, one in Switzerland, two in Canada, twenty-nine in the United States (one in each of Colorado, Michigan, New Jersey, and Virginia, two in each of Arizona, Illinois, Massachusetts, Texas, and Washington, three in Florida and New York, as well as nine in California). We also expect to hire additional sales, customer service, and service center personnel. We believe that investing in our direct-to-consumer sales and service model will be critical to deliver and service the Lucid electric vehicles we plan to manufacture and sell.

Establishing Manufacturing Capacity

Achieving commercialization and growth for each generation of electric vehicles requires us to make significant capital expenditures to scale our production capacity and improve our supply chain processes in the United States and internationally. We expect our capital expenditures to increase as we continue our expansion of AMP-1 and construction of planned Advanced Manufacturing Plant 2 in Saudi Arabia (“AMP-2”). The amount and timing of our future manufacturing capacity requirements, and resulting capital expenditures, will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of our research and development efforts to meet technological development milestones, our ability to develop and launch new electric vehicles, our ability to achieve sales and experience customer demand for our vehicles at the levels we anticipate, our ability to utilize planned capacity in our existing facilities and our ability to enter new markets.

Technology Innovation

We develop in-house battery and powertrain technology, which requires us to invest a significant amount of capital in research and development. The electric vehicle market is highly competitive and includes both established automotive manufacturers and new entrants. To establish market share and attract customers from competitors, we plan to continue to make substantial investments in research and development for the commercialization and continued enhancements of Lucid Air, the development of Lucid Gravity, and future generations of our electric vehicles and other products.

Inflationary Pressure

The U.S. economy has experienced increased inflation recently, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our cost to manufacture a vehicle is heavily influenced by the cost of the key components and materials used in the vehicle, cost of labor, as well as cost of equipment used in our manufacturing facilities. As we continue our phased construction of our AMP-1 facility, increases in steel prices and cost of construction labor have led to higher capital expenditures.

Results of Operations

Revenue

The following table presents our revenue for the periods presented (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

*nm - not meaningful

We began generating sales from the deliveries of vehicles in the fourth quarter of 2021. We recognize vehicle sales when the customer obtains control of the vehicle which is upon delivery. We also generate revenue from non-warranty after-sales vehicle services, sales of battery pack system, powertrain kits and retail merchandise.

Revenue increased by $581.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily driven by customer deliveries of Lucid Air vehicles.

Cost of Revenue

The following table presents our cost of revenue for the periods presented (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Cost of vehicle sales includes direct parts, materials, shipping and handling costs, allocable overhead costs such as depreciation of manufacturing related equipment and facilities, information technology costs, personnel costs, including wages and stock-based compensation, estimated warranty costs, charges to reduce inventories to their net realizable value, charges for any excess or obsolete inventories, and losses from firm purchase commitments.

Cost of other revenue includes direct parts, material and labor costs, manufacturing overhead, including amortized tooling costs, shipping and logistic costs. Cost of other revenue also includes costs associated with providing non-warranty after-sales services and costs for retail merchandise.

Cost of revenue increased by $1,491.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to the manufacture and sale of Lucid Air vehicles in 2022. We incurred significant personnel and overhead costs to operate our large-scale manufacturing facilities while ramping up production. In the near term, we expect our production volume of vehicles to continue to be significantly less than our manufacturing capacity. Additionally, we recorded write-downs of $569.5 million and $48.9 million in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, to reduce our inventories to their net realizable values, for any excess or obsolete inventories, and losses from firm purchase commitments. We expect inventory write-downs could negatively affect our costs of vehicle sales in upcoming periods in the near term as we ramp production volumes up toward our manufacturing capacity.

Operating Expenses

The following table presents our operating expenses for the periods presented (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Research and Development

Our research and development efforts have primarily focused on the development of our battery and powertrain technology, Lucid Air, Lucid Gravity, and future generations of our electric vehicles. Research and development expenses consist primarily of materials, supplies and personnel-related expenses for employees involved in the engineering, designing, and testing of electric vehicles. Personnel-related expenses primarily include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation. Research and development expenses also include prototype material, engineering, design and testing services, and allocated facilities costs, such as office and rent expense and depreciation expense, and other engineering, designing, and testing expenses.

Research and development expense increased by $71.3 million, or 10% for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel-related expenses of $53.0 million due to our growth in headcount (which included higher stock-based compensation expense of $14.2 million), and an increase of $56.0 million for prototype material, engineering, design and testing services, partially offset by decreases of $34.0 million in allocated facilities costs and $15.4 million from lower utilization of contractors and professional fees.

Selling, General, and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in general corporate, selling and marketing functions, including executive management and administration, legal, human resources, facilities and real estate, accounting, finance, tax, and information technology. Personnel-related expenses primarily include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation. Selling, general, and administrative expenses also include allocated facilities costs, such as office, rent and depreciation expenses, professional services fees and other general corporate expenses. As we continue to grow as a company, build out our sales force, and commercialize Lucid Air and planned future generations of our electric vehicles, we expect that our selling, general and administrative costs will increase.

We are incurring additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses necessary to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange and related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, as well as higher expenses for general and director and officer insurance, investor relations, and professional services.

Selling, general, and administrative expense increased by $82.1 million, or 13% for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to higher utilization of contractors and professional fees of $39.6 million, and increases in allocated facilities costs of $26.5 million, other general corporate expenses of $25.5 million, and sales and marketing expenses of $21.9 million. The increases were partially offset by lower personnel related expenses of $37.0 million ($140.5 million lower stock-based compensation expense, offset by $103.5 million increase due to our growth in headcount). The stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 included expenses recognized related to the RSUs upon the closing of the Merger, and the fourth closing of the Legacy Lucid Series E preferred stock issuance.

Other Income (Expense), net

The following table presents our other income and expense, net for the periods presented (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Other income (expense), net:

*nm - not meaningful

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Forward Contracts

Our contingent forward contracts provided the holder the right to purchase Legacy Lucid Series D preferred stock and Legacy Lucid Series E preferred stock in future periods and were subject to remeasurement to fair value at each balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of our contingent forward contracts were recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Change in contingent forward contracts liability decreased by $454.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The Legacy Lucid Series E contingent forward contracts were settled during the year ended December 31, 2021, and there are no future earnings adjustments pertaining to the contingent forward contracts.

Change in Fair Value of Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability

Our convertible preferred stock warrant liability related to the warrants to purchase shares of Legacy Lucid Series D preferred stock was subject to remeasurement to fair value at each balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of our convertible preferred stock warrant liability were recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. All issued and outstanding shares of Legacy Lucid Series D preferred stock were settled in February 2021 and there will no longer be future earnings adjustments pertaining to the convertible preferred share warrant liability related to Legacy Lucid Series D preferred stock.

We recorded a loss of $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the changes in fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability related to Legacy Lucid Series D preferred stock upon the exercise and settlement of all outstanding warrants to purchase Legacy Lucid Series D preferred stock.

Change in Fair Value of Common Stock Warrant Liability

Our common stock warrant liability relates to the privately placed common stock warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) to purchase shares of Lucid Group common stock that were effectively issued upon the Closing in connection with the reverse recapitalization treatment of the Merger. Our common stock warrant liability is subject to remeasurement to fair value at each balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of our common stock warrant liability were recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Private Placement Warrants remained unexercised as of December 31, 2022. The liability was remeasured to fair value, resulting in a gain of $1,254.2 million and a loss of $582.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and was classified within change in fair value of common stock warrant liability in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss . See Note 9 “Common Stock Warrant Liability” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more information.

Transaction Costs Expensed

In connection with the Merger, we incurred $38.9 million in one-time direct and incremental transaction costs, consisting of banking, legal, and other professional fees. Transaction costs incurred by Lucid were allocated on a relative fair value basis between equity and liability-classified instruments deemed to be issued for financial reporting purposes at the Closing by Lucid. The Company’s $36.2 million transaction costs allocable to equity-classified instruments, including the common stock and publicly traded common stock warrants (the “Public Warrants”), were charged as a direct reduction to Lucid’s additional paid-in capital of the gross proceeds remitted to Lucid from Churchill. The Company’s $2.7 million transaction costs allocable to liability-classified instruments measured at fair value, including the Private Placement Warrants, were charged to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss upon the Closing for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Interest Income

Interest income of $56.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily consisted of interest, as well as amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts on our investments of available-for-sale securities.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of contractual interest and amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs incurred related to the 2026 Notes issued in December 2021, interest and commitment fee as well as amortization of issuance costs incurred associated with ABL Credit Facility and GIB Credit Agreement, and interest on our finance leases.

Interest expense increased by $29.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily related to the 2026 Notes issued in December 2021.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net primarily consists of foreign currency gains and losses and dividend income from our investments. Our foreign currency exchange gains and losses relate to transactions and asset and liability balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We expect our foreign currency gains and losses to continue to fluctuate in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Other income (expense), net increased by $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and dividend income from our investments.

Provision for Income Taxes

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change

Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of U.S. state and foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which we operate. We maintain a valuation allowance against the full value of our U.S. and state net deferred tax assets because we believe it is more likely than not that the recoverability of these deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The provision for income taxes increased by $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to changes in taxable income of our foreign operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As of December 31, 2022, Lucid had approximately $4.44 billion of cash, cash equivalents and investments. Our sources of cash are predominantly from proceeds from Lucid’s de-SPAC transaction with Churchill (plus the PIPE Investment), the issuance of convertible debt and proceeds from equity offerings.

We expect that our current sources of liquidity together with our projection of cash flows from operating activities will provide us with adequate liquidity for at least the next 12 months, including investment in funding (i) ongoing operations, (ii) research and development projects for new products/ technologies, (iii) expanding production and manufacturing at existing manufacturing facilities in Casa Grande, Arizona, (iv) Phase 2 of construction at AMP-1 in Casa Grande, Arizona, (v) the construction of AMP-2, (vi) expansion of retail studios and service centers, and (vii) other initiatives related to the sale of vehicles and/ or technology.

We anticipate our cumulative spending on capital expenditures to be in the range of $1.5 billion to $1.75 billion for the fiscal year 2023 to support our continued commercialization and growth objectives as we strategically invest in manufacturing capacity and capabilities, our retail studios and service center capabilities throughout North America and across the globe, development of different products and technologies, and other areas supporting the growth of Lucid’s business. Our future capital expenditures may vary and will depend on many factors including the timing and extent of spending and other growth initiatives. In addition, we expect our operating expenses to increase in order to grow and support the operations of a global automotive company targeting volumes in line with Lucid’s aspirations.

As of December 31, 2022, our total minimum lease payments are $496.2 million, of which $49.0 million is due in the succeeding 12 months. We also have non-cancellable long-term commitments of $5.2 billion, primarily relating to certain inventory component purchases. For details regarding these obligations, refer to Note 14 “Leases” and Note 15 “Commitments and Contingencies” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more information.

2026 Notes

In December 2021, Lucid issued $2,012.5 million of the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2022. The 2026 Notes will mature on December 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. Before the close of business on the business day immediately before September 15, 2026, noteholders will have the right to convert their Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. From and after September 15, 2026, noteholders may convert their Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. We will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. The initial conversion rate is 18.2548 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $54.78 per share of common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price will be subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with applicable covenants under the indenture governing the 2026 Notes.

International Manufacturing Expansion

On February 27, 2022, we announced that we had selected King Abdullah Economic City (“KAEC”) in Saudi Arabia as the location of our first international manufacturing plant and signed related agreements with the Ministry of Investment of Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Industrial Development Fund, and the Economic City at KAEC. The operations at the new plant would initially consist of re-assembly of Lucid Air vehicle “kits” pre-manufactured in the U.S. and, over time, production of complete vehicles.

Saudi Industrial Development Fund (“SIDF”) Loan Agreement

On February 27, 2022, Lucid, LLC, a limited liability company established in Saudi Arabia and a subsidiary of the Company (“Lucid LLC”) entered into a loan agreement (as subsequently amended, the “SIDF Loan Agreement”) with SIDF, a related party of Public Investment Fund (“PIF”), which is an affiliate of Ayar. Under the SIDF Loan Agreement, SIDF has committed to provide loans (the “SIDF Loans”) to Lucid LLC in an aggregate principal amount of up to SAR 5.19 billion (approximately $1.4 billion); provided that SIDF may reduce the availability of SIDF Loans under the facility in certain circumstances. SIDF Loans will be subject to repayment in semi-annual installments in amounts ranging from SAR 25 million (approximately $6.7 million) to SAR 350 million (approximately $93.1 million), commencing on April 3, 2026 and ending on November 12, 2038. SIDF Loans are financing and will be used to finance certain costs in connection with the development and construction of AMP-2. Lucid LLC may repay SIDF Loans earlier than the maturity date without penalty. Obligations under the SIDF Loan Agreement do not extend to the Company or any of its other subsidiaries.

SIDF Loans will not bear interest. Instead, Lucid LLC will be required to pay SIDF service fees, consisting of follow-up and technical evaluation fees, ranging, in aggregate, from SAR 415 million (approximately $110.4 million) to SAR 1.77 billion (approximately $471.0 million), over the term of the SIDF Loans. SIDF Loans will be secured by security interests in the equipment, machines and assets funded thereby.

The SIDF Loan Agreement contains certain restrictive financial covenants and imposes annual caps on Lucid LLC’s payment of dividends, distributions of paid-in capital or certain capital expenditures. The SIDF Loan Agreement also defines customary events of default, including abandonment of or failure to commence operations at the plant in KAEC, and drawdowns under the SIDF Loan Agreement are subject to certain conditions precedent. As of December 31, 2022, no amount was outstanding under the SIDF Loan Agreement.

Ministry of Investment of Saudi Arabia (“MISA”) Agreements

In February 2022, Lucid LLC entered into agreements with MISA, a related party of PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar, pursuant to which MISA has agreed to provide economic support for certain capital expenditures in connection with Lucid LLC’s on-going design and construction of AMP-2. The support by MISA is subject to Lucid LLC’s completion of certain milestones related to the construction and operation of AMP-2. Following the commencement of construction, if operations at the plant do not commence within 30 months, or if the agreed scope of operations is not attained within 55 months, MISA may suspend availability of subsequent support.

Pursuant to the agreements, MISA has the right to require Lucid LLC to transfer the ownership of AMP-2 to MISA, at the fair market value thereof, minus an amortized value of the support provided in the event of customary events of default including abandonment or material and chronically low utilization of AMP-2. Alternatively, Lucid LLC is entitled to avoid the transfer of the ownership of AMP-2 by electing to pay such amortized value. The agreements will terminate on the fifteenth anniversary of the commencement of completely-built-up (“CBU”) operations at AMP-2 at the latest.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we received support of SAR 366 million (approximately $97.3 million) in cash, of which $64.0 million was recorded as deferred liability within Other long-term liabilities and $33.3 million was recorded as a deduction in calculating the carrying amount of the related assets on the consolidated balance sheet. There are no unfulfilled conditions and contingencies attached to the payments received.

Gulf International Bank (“GIB”) Facility Agreement

On April 29, 2022, Lucid LLC entered into a revolving credit facility agreement (the “GIB Facility Agreement”) with GIB, maturing on February 28, 2025. GIB is a related party of PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar. The GIB Facility Agreement provides for two committed revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of SAR 1 billion (approximately $266.1 million). SAR 650 million (approximately $173.0 million) under the GIB Facility Agreement is available as bridge financing (the “Bridge Facility”) of Lucid LLC’s capital expenditures in connection with AMP-2. The remaining SAR 350 million (approximately $93.1 million) may be used for general corporate purposes (the “Working Capital Facility”). Loans under the Bridge Facility and the Working Capital Facility will have a maturity of no more than 12 months. The Bridge Facility will bear interest at a rate of 1.25% per annum over 3-month SAIBOR and the Working Capital Facility will bear interest at a rate of 1.70% per annum over 1~3-month SAIBOR and associated fees. We are required to pay a quarterly commitment fee of 0.15% per annum based on the unutilized portion of the GIB Credit Facility. Commitments under the GIB Facility Agreement will terminate, and all amounts then outstanding thereunder will become payable, on the maturity date of the GIB Facility Agreement. The GIB Facility Agreement contains certain conditions precedent to drawdowns, representations and warranties and covenants of Lucid LLC and events of default. As of December 31, 2022, we had outstanding borrowings of SAR 36 million (approximately $9.6 million) with interest rate of 6.40% from the Working Capital Facility, which was recorded within Other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, available borrowings are SAR 650 million (approximately $173.0 million) and SAR 314 million (approximately $83.5 million) under the Bridge Facility and Working Capital Facility, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with applicable covenants under the GIB Facility Agreement.

ABL Credit Facility

In June 2022, we entered into a new five-year senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks that may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The ABL Credit Facility provides for an initial aggregate principal commitment amount of up to $1.0 billion (including a $350.0 million letter of credit subfacility and a $100.0 million swingline loan subfacility) and has a stated maturity date of June 9, 2027. Borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility bear interest at the applicable interest rates specified in the credit agreement governing the ABL Credit Facility. Availability under the ABL Credit Facility is subject to the value of eligible assets in the borrowing base and is reduced by outstanding loan borrowings and issuances of letters of credit which bear customary letter of credit fees. Subject to certain terms and conditions, we may request one or more increases in the amount of credit commitments under the ABL Credit Facility in an aggregate amount up to the sum of $500.0 million plus certain other amounts. We are required to pay a quarterly commitment fee of 0.25% per annum based on the unutilized portion of the ABL Credit Facility.

The ABL Credit Facility contains customary covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to, among other activities, pay dividends, incur debt, create liens and encumbrances, redeem or repurchase stock, dispose of certain assets, consummate acquisitions or other investments, prepay certain debt, engage in transactions with affiliates, engage in sale and leaseback transactions or consummate mergers and other fundamental changes. The ABL Credit Facility also includes a minimum liquidity covenant which, at our option following satisfaction of certain pre-conditions, may be replaced with a springing, minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (“FCCR”) financial covenant, in each case on terms set forth in the credit agreement governing the ABL Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with applicable covenants under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2022, we had no outstanding borrowings and $37.4 million outstanding letters of credit under the ABL Credit Facility. Availability under the ABL Credit Facility was $441.4 million (including $37.3 million cash and cash equivalents) as of December 31, 2022, after giving effect to the borrowing base and the outstanding letters of credit.

At-the-Market Offering and Subscription Agreement

In December 2022, we completed our At-the-Market offering program pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement for net proceeds of $594.3 million after deducting commissions and other issuance costs and also consummated a private placement of shares to Ayar pursuant to the Subscription Agreement for $915.0 million. See Note 11 “Stockholders’ Equity” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report, for more information.

We have generated significant losses from our operations as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $7.4 billion and $6.1 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, we have generated significant negative cash flows from operations and investing activities as we continue to support the growth of our business.

The expenditures associated with the development and commercial launch of our vehicles, the anticipated increase in manufacturing capacity, and the international expansion of our business operations are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which may affect the timing and magnitude of these anticipated expenditures. These risk and uncertainties are described in more detail in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Cash Used in Operating Activities

Our cash flows used in operating activities to date have been primarily comprised of cash outlays to support overall growth of the business, especially the costs related to inventory and sale of our vehicles, costs related to research and development, payroll and other general and administrative activities. As we continue to ramp up hiring after starting commercial operations, we expect our cash used in operating activities to increase significantly before it starts to generate any material cash flows from our business.

Net cash used in operating activities increased by $1,168.1 million to $2,226.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the increase in net loss excluding non-cash expenses and gains of $458.5 million and an overall increase in net operating assets and liabilities of $709.6 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was mainly attributable to an increase in inventory driven by planned production ramp-up, Accounts payable and Other current liabilities related to operating activities.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to purchases of investments and capital expenditures to support our growth. We continue to experience negative cash flows from investing activities as we expand our business and continue to build our infrastructure.

Net cash used in investing activities increased by $3,261.0 million to $3,681.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to purchases of investments of $3,854.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 and an increase in capital expenditures of $653.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from maturities of investments of $1,149.7 million and capital expenditure support received from MISA of $97.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily from the issuances of equity securities, including the At-the-Market Offering, the private placement to Ayar, convertible preferred stock, the proceeds of the Merger, and the 2026 Notes.

Net cash provided by financing activities decreased by $5,789.2 million to $1,347.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to gross proceeds of approximately $4,439.2 million from the Merger, net proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes of $2,002.4 million, proceeds from the issuance of Legacy Lucid Series E preferred stock of $600.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, partially offset by net proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the At-the-Market Offering of $594.3 million and proceeds from the issuance of common stock under Subscription Agreement of $915.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and related disclosures in our financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making those estimates and any such differences may be material.

We believe that the following accounting policies involve a high degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of our operations. For more information about our accounting policies, see Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Revenue Recognition

We follow a five-step process in which we identify the contract, identify the related performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the identified performance obligations, and recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligations are satisfied.

Vehicle Sales

Vehicle Sales without Residual Value Guarantee

Vehicle sales revenue is generated from the sale of electric vehicles to customers. There are two performance obligations identified in vehicle sale arrangements. These are the vehicle including an onboard advanced driver assistance system (“ADAS”), and the right to unspecified over-the-air (“OTA”) software updates to be provided as and when available over the term of the basic vehicle warranty, which is generally 4 years. Shipping and handling provided by Company is considered a fulfillment activity.

Payment is typically received at or prior to the transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer. Generally, control transfers to the customer at the time of delivery when the customer takes physical possession of the vehicle, which may be at a Lucid studio or other destination chosen by the customer. Our vehicle contracts do not contain a significant financing component. We have elected to exclude sales taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. We estimate the standalone selling price of all performance obligations by considering costs used to develop and deliver the good or service, third-party pricing of similar goods or services and other information that may be available. The transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in proportion to the standalone selling price of our performance obligations.

We recognize revenue related to the vehicle when the customer obtains control of the vehicle which occurs at a point in time either upon completion of delivery to the agreed upon delivery location or upon pick up of the vehicle by the customer. As the unspecified OTA software updates are provided when-and-if they become available, revenue related to OTA software updates is recognized ratably over the basic vehicle warranty term, commencing when control of the vehicle is transferred to the customer.

At the time of revenue recognition, we reduce the transaction price and record a sales return reserve against revenue for estimated variable consideration related to future product returns. Such return rate estimates are based on historical experience.

We provide a manufacturer’s warranty on all vehicles sold. The warranty covers the rectification of reported defects via repair, replacement, or adjustment of faulty parts or components. The warranty does not cover any item where failure is due to normal wear and tear. This assurance-type warranty does not create a performance obligation separate from the vehicle. The estimated cost of the assurance-type warranty is accrued at the time of vehicle sale.

Vehicle Sales with Residual Value Guarantee

We provide a residual value guarantee (“RVG”) to our commercial banking partner in connection with its vehicle leasing program. Under the vehicle leasing program, we generally receive full payment for the vehicle sales price at the time of delivery or shortly after delivery, do not bear casualty and credit risks during the lease term, and are contractually obligated (or entitled) to share a portion of the shortfall (or excess) between the resale value realized by the commercial banking partner and a predetermined resale value. At the lease inception, we are required to deposit cash collateral equal to a contractual percentage of the residual value of the leased vehicles with the commercial banking partner. The cash collateral is held in a restricted bank account owned by the commercial banking partner until it is used, as applicable, in settlement of the RVG at the end of the lease term. Cash collateral is recorded in Other noncurrent assets, subject to asset impairment review at each reporting period.

We account for the vehicle leasing program in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, ASC 460, Guarantees and ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We are the lessor at inception of a lease and immediately transfer the lease as well as the underlying vehicle to our commercial banking partner, with the transaction being accounted for as a sale under ASC 606. We recognize revenue when control transfer upon delivery when the consumer-lessee takes physical possession of the vehicle, and bifurcate the RVG at fair value and account for it as a guarantee liability. The remaining amount of the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations, including the vehicle, the right to unspecified OTA software updates and remarketing activities, in proportion to the standalone selling price of our performance obligations.

The guarantee liability represents the estimated amount we expect to pay at the end of the lease term. We are released from residual risk upon either expiration or settlement of the RVG. We evaluate variables such as third-party residual value publications, risk of future price deterioration due to changes in market conditions and reconditioning costs to determine the estimated residual value guarantee liability. As we accumulate more data related to the resale value of our vehicles or as market conditions change, there could be material changes to the estimated guarantee liabilities.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost for vehicles, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. We record inventory write-downs for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions about current and future demand forecasts. If our inventory on-hand is in excess of future demand forecast, the excess amounts are written-off.

Inventory is also reviewed to determine whether its carrying value exceeds the net amount realizable upon the ultimate sale of the inventory. This requires us to determine the selling price of our vehicles less the estimated cost to convert the inventory on-hand into a finished product. Once inventory is written-down, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.

Stock-Based Compensation

We have granted stock-based awards consisting primarily of incentive and non-qualified stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, members of our board of directors, and non-employees.

Stock Options

Stock options generally vest over four years, and the majority of which vest at a rate of 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date, with the remainder vesting ratably each month over the next three years. Stock options generally expire 10 years from the date of grant and are exercisable when the options vest. Stock-based compensation expense for stock options is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires certain subjective inputs and assumptions, including the fair value of our underlying common stock, expected common stock price volatility, expected dividend yield of our common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected option term. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model are estimated as follows:

Fair value of common stock — The fair value of our common stock was estimated because our common stock had not yet been publicly traded prior to the Merger.

Expected Volatility — The volatility rate was determined by using an average of historical volatilities of selected industry peers deemed to be comparable to our business corresponding to the expected option term as we did not have sufficient history of trading in our common stock prior to the Merger.

Dividend Yield — The expected dividend yield was zero as we had never declared or paid cash dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

Risk Free Interest Rate — The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities corresponding to the expected option term.

Expected Option Term — The expected option term represented the period that the Lucid Group Options were expected to be outstanding and is based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior.

We continue to use judgment in evaluating the expected volatility over the expected option term and the expected option term utilized in our stock-based compensation expense calculation on a prospective basis. As we continue to accumulate additional data related to our common stock, we may refine our estimates of the expected volatility over the expected option term, which could materially impact our future stock- based compensation expense.

RSUs

RSUs granted prior to the Closing of the Merger are subject to both service-based and performance-based vesting conditions, and RSUs granted subsequent to the Closing of the Merger are only subject to service-based vesting conditions. The service-based vesting condition for these awards is typically satisfied equally over four years with a cliff vesting period of one year and continued vesting in equal quarterly installments thereafter. The performance-based vesting condition was satisfied upon the Closing of the Merger. These qualifying liquidity events were not deemed probable until consummated, and therefore, stock-based compensation related to these RSUs remained unrecognized prior to the consummation of the Merger.

We estimate the fair value of RSUs based on the estimated fair value of our underlying common stock as of the date of the grant. Stock-based compensation for RSUs granted prior to the Closing of the Merger is generally recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service period once the performance condition is satisfied. Stock-based compensation for RSUs that vest based only on continuous service is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

CEO RSU Award

In March 2021, our board of directors approved the grant of RSUs to Peter Rawlinson as Lucid’s CEO (the “CEO RSU Award”) to encourage Mr. Rawlinson to focus on the long-term success of Lucid. The CEO RSU Award is comprised of RSUs that are subject to performance and service conditions (the “CEO Time-Based RSUs”) and RSUs that are subject to performance and market conditions (the “CEO Performance RSUs”), as described further below.

CEO Time-Based RSUs — The performance condition was satisfied upon the Closing of the Merger. The service conditions will be satisfied in 16 equal quarterly installments on March 5, June 5, September 5, and December 5 beginning on the first quarterly installment date that is at least two months after the Closing, which was December 5, 2021, provided that Mr. Rawlinson remains in continuous service through each vesting date.

The grant date fair value of the CEO Time-Based RSUs will be recognized using a graded vesting attribution method over the service period for each tranche. The grant date fair value of the CEO Time-Based RSUs was based on the estimated fair value of Lucid’s underlying common stock as of the date of the grant.

CEO Performance RSUs — The performance condition was satisfied upon the Closing of the Merger. The market conditions will be satisfied based upon the achievement of certain market capitalization goals of Lucid Group and the continued employment of Mr. Rawlinson at each vesting date during the five-year period beginning after the Closing of the Merger. The CEO Performance RSUs will vest only if Lucid Group achieves the Lucid Group market capitalization targets, which if achieved, would allow Lucid Group’s other stockholders to benefit from the increases in our market capitalization. The Lucid market capitalization targets will be adjusted to reflect any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, reorganizations, reclassifications, or other similar changes in capitalization or corporate events.

The grant date fair value of the CEO Performance RSUs will be recognized using a graded vesting attribution method over the estimated requisite service periods for the five tranches, regardless of whether the Lucid Group market capitalization targets are achieved. If the Lucid Group market capitalization targets are met sooner than the requisite service period, the stock-based compensation expense will be adjusted to reflect the cumulative expense associated with the vested award.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the market condition was met for the CEO performance-based awards for four of the five tranches and certified by the Board of Directors, representing 13,934,271 performance RSUs. We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $85.4 million for the four tranches during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Tax Withholding — We expect that we will settle tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of the remaining CEO RSU Award through “net settlement,” i.e., by remitting cash to satisfy the tax withholding obligation and withholding a number of the vested shares on the vesting date. However, we will assess the facts and circumstances at each vesting date to determine the appropriate method of tax settlement, which could include the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations via open market “sell to cover” sales by our CEO to the extent required to cover such obligations. The amount of the tax withholding will be based on the fair value of the common stock on the vesting and net settlement date. Depending on the fair value of the common stock and the number of RSUs vesting on the vesting and net settlement date, such net settlement could require us to expend substantial cash funds to satisfy tax withholding.

Common Stock Warrant Liability

We accounted for the Private Placement Warrants to purchase shares of Lucid Group common stock as liabilities at their estimated fair value because these Private Placement Warrants are not deemed indexed to our common stock. The warrants were recorded at fair value upon issuance and were subject to remeasurement to fair value at each reporting period, with any fair value adjustments recognized as a component within Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. A portion of our Private Placement Warrants are subject to certain contingent forfeiture provisions.

The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants that are not subject to the contingent forfeiture provisions was estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model that takes into account the contract terms as well as the quoted price of our common stock in an active market. The volatility is based on the actual market activity of our peer group as well as our historical volatility. The expected life is based on the remaining contractual term of the warrants, and the risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the warrants’ expected life.

The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants that are subject to the contingent forfeiture provisions was estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation, which involved random iterations of future stock-price paths over the contractual life of the Private Placement Warrants, including the probability distribution of outcomes, the payoff to the holder was determined based on the achievement of the various market thresholds within each simulated path. The present value of the payoff in each simulated trial is calculated, and the fair value of the liability is determined by taking the average of all present values. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no warrants subject to contingent forfeiture provisions.

See Note 9 “Common Stock Warrant Liability” and Note 12 “Earnback Shares and Warrants” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more information.

Contingent Forward Contract

We accounted for the contingent forward contract to purchase Legacy Lucid Series E preferred stock as a derivative liability because the contingent forward contract could require us to issue additional stock at a future date. The contingent forward contract was recorded at fair value upon issuance and was subject to remeasurement to fair value at each period end, with any fair value adjustments recognized as a component within Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair value of the contingent forward contract liability for the Legacy Lucid Series E preferred stock issued in February 2021 and April 2021 was determined based on the forward payoff, which was determined as the difference between the estimated Legacy Lucid Series E preferred stock fair value and the $7.90 per share purchase price. We settled the contingent forward contract in April 2021.

See Note 7 “Contingent Forward Contracts” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more information.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability

We accounted for warrants to purchase shares of Legacy Lucid Series D preferred stock as liabilities at their estimated fair value because these warrants obligate us to transfer assets to the holders at a future date under certain circumstances, such as a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, each a change of control event. The warrants were recorded at fair value upon issuance and were subject to remeasurement to fair value at each period end, with any fair value adjustments recognized as a component within Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We used a Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability. In February 2021, all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of Legacy Lucid Series D Preferred Shares were exercised.

See Note 10 “Convertible Preferred Stock” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more information.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet activities or have any arrangements or relationships with unconsolidated entities, such as variable interest, special purpose, and structured finance entities.

Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and inflationary pressure.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates applicable to our Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments. We had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments totaling approximately $4.44 billion as of December 31, 2022. Our investment policy is focused on the preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity needs. Under the policy, we invest in highly rated securities, primarily issued by the U.S. government or liquid money market funds. We do not invest in financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We utilize external investment managers who adhere to the guidelines of our investment policy. Based on investment positions as of December 31, 2022, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in approximately $13.9 million incremental decline in the fair market value of our portfolio.

Inflationary Pressure

Supply Risk

We are dependent on its suppliers, the majority of which are single-source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of its products according to the schedule and at prices, quality levels and volumes acceptable to us, or its inability to efficiently manage these components, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Index of Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

CONTENTS Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) 87

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 89

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 94

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Lucid Group, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lucid Group, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, thefinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Companyas of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of itsoperations and itscash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 28, 2023expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matter

The critical audit mattercommunicated below is amatterarising from the current period audit of the financial statements that wascommunicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relatesto accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matterbelow, providing aseparate opinionon the critical audit matteror on the accounts or disclosures to which itrelates.

Valuation of Inventory – Adjustment to Net Realizable Value

As described further in Note 4 to the financial statements, the Company’s inventories totaled approximately $834.4 million as of December 31, 2022, and inventory and firm purchase commitment write-downs during the year ended December 31, 2022 were approximately $569.5 million. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, inventory is reviewed to determine whether its carrying value exceeds the net amount realizable upon the ultimate sale of the inventory. This requires an assessment to determine the selling price of the vehicles less the estimated cost to convert the inventory on-hand into a finished product.

The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to adjustment to reduce inventory to net realizable value is a critical audit matter is the significant judgment exercised by management when developing the estimate, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment and effort to perform procedures and evaluate the audit evidence obtained relating to the significant assumptions regarding production forecasts, future manufacturing and conversion costs and selling price.

Our audit procedures related to the Valuation of Inventory – Adjustment to Net Realizable Value included the following, among others:

–we tested the design and operating effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over the process to develop the net realizable value adjustment to inventory

–we assessed the reasonableness of the significant assumptions, including evaluating the accuracy, completeness and relevance of management’s data used in developing the assumptions

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

San Francisco, California

February 28, 2023

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Lucid Group, Inc.

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Lucid Group, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, and our report dated February 28, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

San Francisco, California

February 28, 2023

LUCID GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

ASSETS

Current assets:

Long-term investments 529,974 —

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Finance lease liabilities, current portion 10,586 4,183

Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion 81,336 6,083

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (11,572) —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

LUCID GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Year Ended December 31,

Costs and expenses

Other income (expense), net

Change in fair value of forward contracts — (454,546) (118,382)

Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability 1,254,218 (582,760) —

Transaction costs expensed — (2,717) —

Interest income 56,756 — —

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 379 49 (188)

Change in fair value of dilutive warrants (1,254,218) — —

Other comprehensive loss

Net unrealized losses on investments, net of tax $ (11,572) $ — $ —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

LUCID GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in thousands, except share data)

Shares1 Amount Shares1 Amount

Stock-based compensation — — — — 4,614 — — — 4,614

Repurchase of Series B convertible preferred stock (3,525,365) — — — — — — — —

Issuance of common stock upon vesting of employee RSUs — — 601,176 — — — — — —

Redemption of public warrants — — — — (4) — — — (4)

Net unrealized losses on investments, net of tax — — — — — — (11,572) — (11,572)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

______________________________________________________________

(1) The number of shares of convertible preferred stock and common stock issued and outstanding prior to the Merger have been retroactively adjusted by the Exchange Ratio (as defined in Note 3 “Reverse Recapitalization”) to give effect to the reverse recapitalization treatment of the Merger. See Note 1 “Description of Business” and Note 3 “Reverse Capitalization” for more information.

LUCID GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Inventory and firm purchase commitments write-downs 569,479 48,884 —

Change in fair value of contingent forward contract liability — 454,546 118,382

Change in fair value of preferred stock warrant liability — 6,976 1,205

Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability (1,254,218) 582,760 —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Cash flows from investing activities:

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment — 22 —

Proceeds from government grant 97,267 — —

Purchases of investments (3,854,129) — —

Proceeds from maturities of investments 1,149,714 — —

Proceeds from sale of short term investments — 505 —

Proceeds from insurance claims 323 — —

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceed from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs — 2,002,437 —

Payment of transaction costs for the issuance of convertible notes — (15,883) —

Proceeds from issuance of common stock under Subscription Agreement 915,000 — —

Proceeds from short-term insurance financing note — 41,935 —

Payment for short-term insurance financing note (15,330) (27,887) —

Payment for capital lease liabilities — — (364)

Payment for finance lease liabilities (4,977) (3,088) —

Proceeds from borrowings 29,818 — —

Repayments for borrowings (20,223) — —

Proceeds from failed sale-leaseback transaction 31,700 — —

Repurchase of Series B convertible preferred stock — (3,000) —

Repurchase of Series C convertible preferred stock — — (12,101)

Proceeds from issuance of Series D convertible preferred stock — 3,000 400,000

Proceeds from issuance of Series E convertible preferred stock — 600,000 899,725

Proceeds from the exercise of public warrants — 173,273 —

Proceeds from the reverse capitalization — 4,439,153 —

Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan 24,562 — —

Treasury stock repurchase — (20,716) —

Stock repurchases from employees for tax withholdings (218,789) (22,063) —

Payment for credit facility issuance costs (6,631) — —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

LUCID GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - continued

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized $ 23,199 $ 627 $ 51

Cash paid for taxes 480 — —

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activity:

Capital contribution upon forfeit of Series E awards — 15,719 —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

LUCID GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2022

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Overview

Lucid Group, Inc. (“Lucid”) is a technology and automotive company focused on designing, developing, manufacturing, and selling the next generation of electric vehicles (“EV”), EV powertrains and battery systems.

Lucid was originally incorporated in Delaware on April 30, 2020 under the name Churchill Capital Corp IV (formerly known as Annetta Acquisition Corp) (“Churchill”) as a special purpose acquisition company with the purpose of effecting a merger with one or more operating businesses. On February 22, 2021, Churchill entered into a definitive merger agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with Atieva, Inc. (“Legacy Lucid”) in which Legacy Lucid would become a wholly owned subsidiary of Churchill (the “Merger”). Upon the closing of the Merger on July 23, 2021 (the “Closing”), Churchill was immediately renamed to “Lucid Group, Inc.” The Merger between Churchill and Legacy Lucid was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. See Note 3 “Reverse Recapitalization” for more information.

Throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted, the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” and similar terms refer to Legacy Lucid and its subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Merger, and Lucid and its subsidiaries after the consummation of the Merger.

Liquidity

The Company devotes its efforts to business planning, research and development, recruiting of management and technical staff, acquiring operating assets, and raising capital.

From inception through December 31, 2022, the Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company has incurred net losses of $1.3 billion, $2.6 billion and $719.4 million, respectively. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $7.4 billion as of December 31, 2022.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the Company completed the first phase of the construction of its Advanced Manufacturing Plant 1 in Casa Grande, Arizona (“AMP-1”). The Company began commercial production of its first vehicle, Lucid Air, in September 2021 and delivered its first vehicles in late October 2021. The Company continues to expand AMP-1, construct its planned Advanced Manufacturing Plant 2 in Saudi Arabia (“AMP-2”), and build a network of retail sales and service locations. The Company has plans for continued development of additional vehicle model types for future release. The aforementioned activities will require considerable capital, above and beyond the expected cash inflows from the initial sales of Lucid Air. As such, the future operating plan involves considerable risk if secure funding sources are not identified and confirmed.

The Company’s existing sources of liquidity include cash, cash equivalents, investments, credit facilities and equity offering. Historically, the Company funded operations primarily with issuances of convertible preferred stock and convertible notes. Upon the completion of the Merger, the Company received $4,400.3 million in cash proceeds, net of transaction costs. In December 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of $2,012.5 million principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due in December 2026.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company entered into a loan agreement with the Saudi Industrial Development Fund (“SIDF”) with an aggregate principal amount of up to approximately $1.4 billion, revolving credit facilities with Gulf International Bank (“GIB”) in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $266.1 million and a new five-year senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL Credit Facility”) with an initial aggregate principal commitment amount of up to $1.0 billion. See Note 6 “Debt” for more information.

On November 8, 2022, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with BofA Securities, Inc., Barclays Capital Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., under which the Company could offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $600.0 million (the “At-the-Market Offering”). On November 8, 2022, the Company also entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with Ayar Third Investment Company, the controlling stockholder of the Company (“Ayar”), pursuant to which Ayar agreed to purchase from the Company, up to $915.0 million of shares of its common stock in one or more private placements through March 31, 2023. In December 2022, the Company completed its At-the-Market Offering program pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement for net proceeds of $594.3 million after deducting commissions and other issuance costs and also consummated a private placement of shares to Ayar pursuant to the Subscription Agreement for $915.0 million. No shares remain available for sale under the Equity Distribution Agreement. See Note 11 “Stockholders’ Equity” for more information.

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s current business activities consist of (i) generating sales from the deliveries and service of vehicles, (ii) research and development efforts to design, engineer and develop high-performance fully electric vehicles and advanced electric vehicle powertrain components, including battery pack systems, (iii) expanding production and manufacturing at existing manufacturing facilities in Casa Grande, Arizona, (iv) phase 2 of construction at AMP-1 in Casa Grande, Arizona, (v) the construction of AMP-2 in Saudi Arabia, and (vi) expansion of its retail studios and service centers capabilities throughout North America and across the globe. The Company is subject to the risks associated with such activities, including the need to further develop its technology, its marketing, and distribution channels; further develop its supply chain and manufacturing; and hire additional management and other key personnel. Successful completion of the Company’s development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations are dependent upon future events, including our ability to access potential markets, and secure long-term financing.

The Company participates in a dynamic high-technology industry. Changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s future financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows: changes in the overall demand for its products and services; advances and trends in new technologies; competitive pressures; acceptance of the Company’s products and services; litigation or claims against the Company based on intellectual property (including patents), regulatory, or other factors; and the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth.

A global economic recession or other downturn, whether due to inflation, ongoing conflict in Ukraine or other geopolitical events, COVID-19 or other public health crises, interest rate increases or other policy actions by major central banks, or other factors, may have an adverse impact on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse economic conditions as well as uncertainty about the current and future global economic conditions may cause the Company’s customers to defer purchases or cancel their reservations and orders in response to higher interest rates, availability of consumer credit, decreased cash availability, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and weakened consumer confidence. Reduced demand for the Company’s products may result in significant decreases in product sales, which in turn would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Because of the Company’s premium brand positioning and pricing, an economic downturn is likely to have a heightened adverse effect on the Company compared to many of its electric vehicle and traditional automotive industry competitors, to the extent that consumer demand for luxury goods is reduced in favor of lower-priced alternatives. In addition, any economic recession or other downturn could also cause logistical challenges and other operational risks if any of the Company’s suppliers, sub-suppliers or partners become insolvent or are otherwise unable to continue their operations, fulfill their obligations to the Company, or meet the Company’s future demand. In addition, the deterioration of conditions in global credit markets may limit the Company’s ability to obtain external financing to fund its operations and capital expenditures on terms favorable to the Company, if at all. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) for more information regarding risks associated with a global economic recession, including under the caption “A global economic recession or other downturn may have a material adverse impact on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.”

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the global economy and caused significant macroeconomic uncertainty. Infection rates vary across the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The Company has taken proactive action and expects to continue to implement appropriate measures to protect the health and safety of its employees, customers, partners and suppliers, consistent with the latest and evolving governmental guidelines. The Company continues to monitor the evolving situation and guidance from international and domestic authorities, including federal, state and local public health authorities, and may take additional actions based on their recommendations and requirements or as the Company otherwise sees fit to protect the health and safety of its employees, customers, partners and suppliers.

While certain of the Company and its suppliers’ operations have from time-to-time been temporarily affected by government-mandated restrictions, the Company was able to commence and continue deliveries of Lucid Air to customers and to proceed with the construction of AMP-1 and AMP-2. Broader impacts of the pandemic have included inflationary pressure as well as ongoing, industry-wide challenges in logistics and supply chains, such as increased supplier lead times and ongoing constraints of semiconductor supply. Because the Company relies on third party suppliers for the development, manufacture, and/or provision and development of many of the key components and materials used in its vehicles, as well as provisioning and servicing equipment in its manufacturing facilities, the Company has been affected by inflation and such industry-wide challenges in logistics and supply chains. While the Company continues to focus on mitigating risks to its operations and supply chain in the current industry environment, the Company expects that these industry-wide trends will continue to impact its cost structure as well as its ability and the ability of its suppliers to obtain parts, components and manufacturing equipment on a timely basis for the foreseeable future.

In the current circumstances, any impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in the future continues to be difficult to estimate and predict, as it depends on future events that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with accuracy. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report for additional information regarding risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including under the caption “The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and we cannot predict its ultimate impact on, our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.”

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries.All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in order to conform to the current period presentation.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined that it operates in one operating and reporting segment and one reportable segment, as the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments made by management include, among others, inventory valuation, warranty reserve, the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, fair value of common stock warrants, fair value of contingent forward contracts liability, estimates of residual value guarantee (“RVG”) liability and deferred revenue related to over-the-air (“OTA”) software updates, fair value of common stock prior to the Merger and other assumptions used to measure stock-based compensation expense, and estimated incremental borrowing rates for assessing operating and financing leases. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash in Other current assets and Other noncurrent assets is primarily related to letters of credit issued to the landlords for certain of the Company’s leased facilities.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to amounts shown in the statements of cash flows (in thousands):

December 31,

Restricted cash included in Other noncurrent assets — 24,375 14,728

Investments

The Company’s investments in marketable debt securities have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale and they are stated at fair value. The Company classifies its investments as either short-term or long-term based on each instrument’s underlying contractual maturity date. Unrealized gains and losses on our investments of available-for-sale securities are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss which is included within stockholders’ equity. Interest, as well as amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts on our investments of available-for-sale securities are included in Interest income. The cost of securities sold is determined using the specific identification method. Realized gains and losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities are recorded in Other income (expense), net.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable consist of receivables from our customers and from financial institutions offering financing products to our customers for the sale of vehicles, sales of powertrain kits and services. The Company provides an allowance against accounts receivable for any potential uncollectible amounts. The Company recorded an immaterial allowance for uncollectible amounts as of December 31, 2022. No allowance was recorded at December 31, 2021.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, and investments. The Company places its cash primarily with domestic financial institutions that are federally insured within statutory limits, but at times its deposits may exceed federally insured limits.

Concentration of Supply Risk

The Company is dependent on its suppliers, the majority of which are single-source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of its products according to the schedule and at prices, quality levels and volumes acceptable to the Company, or its inability to efficiently manage these components, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost for vehicles, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company records inventory write-downs for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions about current and future demand forecasts. If inventory on-hand is in excess of future demand forecast, the excess amounts are written-off.

Inventory is also reviewed to determine whether its carrying value exceeds the net amount realizable upon the ultimate sale of the inventory. This requires an assessment to determine the selling price of the vehicles less the estimated cost to convert the inventory on-hand into a finished product. Once inventory is written down, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.

In the event there are changes in our estimates of future selling prices or production costs, the Company may be required to record additional and potentially material write-downs.

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. We capitalize qualified costs incurred during the application development stage of internal use software. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage and post-implementation stage are expensed.

The Company generally uses the following estimated useful lives for each asset category:

Asset Category Life (years)

Machinery, Tooling & Vehicles 3 - 7

Computer equipment and software 3

Furniture and fixtures 5

Building and Improvements 40

Expenditures for repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, and expenditures for major renewals and improvements that increase functionality of the asset are capitalized and depreciated ratably over the identified useful life. Upon disposition or retirement of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed, and any gain or loss is reflected in operations. The disposition loss on fixed assets recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was immaterial.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for potential impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the underlying asset exceeds its fair value. Impairment loss recognized was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2022, and no impairment loss was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Foreign Currency

The Company determines the functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries based on the primary currency in which they operate. The Company translates all assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate as of each balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate prevailing during the period. Any resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose local currency is not their functional currency are remeasured from their local currency to their functional currency and then translated to U.S. Dollars.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are a result of the effect of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. Gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions and the effects of remeasurements are recorded within Other income (expense), net within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses were not material for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company follows a five-step process in which the Company identifies the contract, identifies the related performance obligations, determines the transaction price, allocates the transaction price to the identified performance obligations, and recognizes revenue when (or as) the performance obligations are satisfied.

Vehicle Sales

Vehicle Sales without Residual Value Guarantee

Vehicle sales revenue is generated from the sale of electric vehicles to customers. There are two performance obligations identified in vehicle sale arrangements. These are the vehicle including an onboard advanced driver assistance system (“ADAS”), and the right to unspecified OTA software updates to be provided as and when available over the term of the basic vehicle warranty, which is generally 4 years. Shipping and handling provided by Company is considered a fulfillment activity.

Payment is typically received at or prior to the transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer. Generally, control transfers to the customer at the time of delivery when the customer takes physical possession of the vehicle, which may be at a Lucid studio or other destination chosen by the customer. The Company’s vehicle contracts do not contain a significant financing component. The Company has elected to exclude sales taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. The Company estimates the standalone selling price of all performance obligations by considering costs used to develop and deliver the good or service, third-party pricing of similar goods or services and other information that may be available. The transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in proportion to the standalone selling price of the Company’s performance obligations.

The Company recognizes revenue related to the vehicle when the customer obtains control of the vehicle which occurs at a point in time either upon completion of delivery to the agreed upon delivery location or upon pick up of the vehicle by the customer. As the unspecified OTA software updates are provided when-and-if they become available, revenue related to OTA software updates is recognized ratably over the basic vehicle warranty term, commencing when control of the vehicle is transferred to the customer.

The Company provides a manufacturer’s warranty on all vehicles sold. The warranty covers the rectification of reported defects via repair, replacement, or adjustment of faulty parts or components. The warranty does not cover any item where failure is due to normal wear and tear. This assurance-type warranty does not create a performance obligation separate from the vehicle. The estimated cost of the assurance-type warranty is accrued at the time of vehicle sale.

Vehicle Sales with Residual Value Guarantee

The Company provides an RVG to its commercial banking partner in connection with its vehicle leasing program. Under the vehicle leasing program, the Company generally receives full payment for the vehicle sales price at the time of delivery or shortly after delivery, does not bear casualty and credit risks during the lease term, and is contractually obligated (or entitled) to share a portion of the shortfall (or excess) between the resale value realized by the commercial banking partner and a predetermined resale value. During the year ended December 31, 2022, vehicle sales with RVG totaled $31.1 million. At the lease inception, the Company is required to deposit cash collateral equal to a contractual percentage of the residual value of the leased vehicles with the commercial banking partner. The cash collateral is held in a restricted bank account owned by the commercial banking partner until it is used, as applicable, in settlement of the RVG at the end of the lease term. Cash collateral is recorded in Other noncurrent assets, subject to asset impairment review at each reporting period.

The Company accounts for the vehicle leasing program in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, ASC 460, Guarantees and ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company is the lessor at inception of a lease and immediately transfers the lease as well as the underlying vehicle to its commercial banking partner, with the transaction being accounted for as a sale under ASC 606. The Company recognizes revenue when control transfers upon delivery when the consumer-lessee takes physical possession of the vehicle, and bifurcates the RVG at fair value and accounts for it as a guarantee liability. The remaining amount of the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations, including the vehicle, the right to unspecified OTA software updates and remarketing activities, in proportion to the standalone selling price of the Company’s performance obligations.

The guarantee liability represents the estimated amount the Company expects to pay at the end of the lease term. The Company is released from residual risk upon either expiration or settlement of the RVG. The Company evaluates variables such as third-party residual value publications, risk of future price deterioration due to changes in market conditions and reconditioning costs to determine the estimated residual value guarantee liability. As of December 31, 2022, the RVG liability was not material. As we accumulate more data related to the resale value of our vehicles or as market conditions change, there could be material changes to the estimated guarantee liabilities.

Deferred revenue related to OTA and remarketing activities for vehicle sales were $15.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and was immaterial as of December 31, 2021.

Other

Other consists of revenue from non-warranty after-sales vehicle services, sales of battery pack system, powertrain kits and retail merchandise. Battery pack system and powertrain kits revenue consists of the sales of battery pack systems or powertrain kits, supplies and related services for vehicles. The sale of battery pack systems or powertrain kits along with related supplies is a single performance obligation recognized at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. Shipping and handling provided by the Company is considered a fulfillment activity. While customers generally have the right to return defective or non-conforming products, past experience has demonstrated that product returns have been immaterial. Customer remedies may include either a cash refund or an exchange of the returned product. As a result, the right of return and related refund liability for non-conforming or defective goods is estimated and recorded as a reduction in revenue, if necessary. Payment for the products sold are made upon invoice or in accordance with payment terms customary to the business. The Company’s battery pack system or powertrain kits contracts do not contain a significant financing component. The Company has elected to exclude sales taxes from the measurement of the transaction price.

Control transfers to the customer when the product is delivered to the customer as the customer can then direct the product’s use and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the asset at that point in time.

Cost of Revenue

Vehicle Sales

Other

Warranties

The Company provides a manufacturer’s warranty on all vehicles it sells and accrues a warranty reserve for warranty coverage, as applicable. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date and an estimate of the nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. The Company accrues a warranty reserve for all products sold which includes the Company’s best estimates of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties and recalls when identified. Changes to the Company’s historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve in the future. The portion of the warranty reserve for costs expected to be incurred within the next 12 months is included within Other current liabilities, while the remaining balance is included within Other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The warranty expense is recorded as a component of Cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the liability method to account for income taxes, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from the temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated financial statements, as well as from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax amounts are determined by using the tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes will actually be paid, or refunds received, as provided for under currently enacted tax law.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, all available positive and negative evidence are considered, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If it is determined that deferred tax assets would be realized in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, an adjustment would be made to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process which includes (1) determining whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position, and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in Other income (expense), net and to recognize penalties in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Accrued interest and penalties are included within Other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company issues stock-based compensation awards to employees, officers, directors, and non-employees in the form of stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”). The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the awards’ fair value on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock-based awards when they occur. The fair value of RSUs granted prior to the Closing of the Merger that vest based on service and performance conditions and RSUs granted after Closing of the Merger that vest only based on service conditions, is measured using the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of RSUs that vest based on service and market conditions is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options that vest based on service condition is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model on the date of grant. The Monte Carlo simulation model and the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, the expected term of the award, the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the Company’s common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.

The fair value of awards that vest based on only continuous service are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of awards that vest based on performance or market conditions is recognized over the requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. Stock-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards with performance conditions once the performance condition becomes probable of being achieved. The performance-based vesting condition was satisfied upon the Closing of the Merger. The market-based RSUs will vest only if the Company achieves certain market capitalization targets.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is composed of two components: net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to net unrealized gains or losses on investments that are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity and are excluded from the determination of net loss.

100

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of materials, supplies, personnel-related expenses, contractor fees, engineering design and testing expenses, and allocated facilities cost. Substantially all of the Company’s research and development expenses are related to developing new products, related technologies, and services and improving existing products and services. Research and development expenses have been expensed as incurred and included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Selling, General, and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expense consist of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in general corporate, selling and marketing functions, including executive management and administration, legal, human resources, facilities and real estate, accounting, finance, tax, and information technology.

Advertising

Advertising is expensed as incurred and is included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. These costs were not material for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Leases

As of January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases, and all related guidance (“ASC 842”) and recorded a ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability in our consolidated balance sheets for all eligible leases with terms longer than 12 months or less if the lease contains a purchase option or renewal term that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and has elected not to utilize the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components together, rather the Company is accounting for the lease and non-lease components separately on the consolidated financial statements.

Operating lease assets are included within operating lease ROU assets. Finance lease assets are included within Property, plant and equipment, net. The corresponding operating lease liabilities are included within Other current liabilities and Otherlong-term liabilities; the finance lease liabilities are included within Finance lease liabilities, current portion and Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

All other lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the later of ASC 842 adoption date or lease commencement date. The Company estimates the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at adoption date or lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount within a range of loss can be reasonably estimated. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues for the minimum amount within the range. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers all series of its convertible preferred stock to be participating securities as the holders of such shares have the right to receive nonforfeitable dividends on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the preferred stockholders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common share equivalents to the extent they are dilutive. Potentially dilutive shares of Private Placement Warrants under treasury stock method are included in the computation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, convertible preferred stock warrants, Private Placement Warrants, stock options outstanding, RSUs outstanding, shares issued under ESPP and if-converted common shares from convertible note are considered to be common stock equivalents.

101

Common Stock Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants for shares of the Company’s common stock that are not indexed to its own stock as liabilities at fair value on the balance sheet. Liability-classified common stock warrants are subject to remeasurement to fair value as of any respective exercise date and as of each subsequent balance sheet date with changes in fair value recorded in the Company’s statement of operations and comprehensive loss. For issued or modified common stock warrants outstanding that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the common stock warrants are recorded as a component of Additional paid-in capital and are not remeasured to fair value in subsequent reporting periods.

The Company’s publicly traded common stock warrants (the “Public Warrants”) are equity-classified instruments because they are deemed indexed to the Company’s own common stock and do not contain any provision that could require net cash settlement unless the holders of the underlying shares would also receive the same form of consideration as the holders of Public Warrants. The Company’s privately placed common stock warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) are liability-classified instruments because they are not deemed indexed to the Company’s own common stock.

Government Grants

Government grants are recognized when the grants are received, and all the conditions specified in the grant have been met. Grants related to fixed assets are recorded as a deduction in calculating the carrying amount of the related assets and are recognized in profit or loss over the life of a depreciable asset through reduced depreciation expense. Grants received in advance of the acquisition or construction of assets are recorded initially in deferred liability and then as a deduction in calculating the carrying amount of the related fixed assets upon acquisition or construction of the assets. Grant receipts are classified as investing cash inflows on a gross basis on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which requires annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. The disclosure requirements include information about the nature of the transactions and the related accounting policy, the line items on the balance sheet and income statement that are affected by the transactions, the amount applicable to each financial statement line and significant terms and conditions of the transactions. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 prospectively on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2021, FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination on the acquisition date in accordance with Topic 606, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its financial statements or notes thereto.

NOTE 3 –REVERSE RECAPITALIZATION

On July 23, 2021, upon the consummation of the Merger, all holders of 451,295,965 issued and outstanding Legacy Lucid common stock received shares of Lucid common stock at a deemed value of $10.00 per share after giving effect to the exchange ratio of 2.644 (the “Exchange Ratio”) resulting in 1,193,226,511 shares of Lucid common stock issued and outstanding as of the Closing and all holders of 42,182,931 issued and outstanding Legacy Lucid equity awards received Lucid equity awards covering 111,531,080 shares of Lucid common stock at a deemed value of $10.00 per share after giving effect to the Exchange Ratio, based on the following events contemplated by the Merger Agreement:

•the cancellation and conversion of all 437,182,072 issued and outstanding shares of Legacy Lucid preferred stock into 437,182,072 shares of Legacy Lucid common stock at the conversion rate as calculated pursuant to Legacy Lucid’s memorandum and articles of association at the date and time that the Merger became effective;

•the surrender and exchange of all 451,295,965 issued and outstanding shares of Legacy Lucid common stock (including Legacy Lucid common stock resulting from the conversion of the Legacy Lucid preferred stock) into 1,193,226,511 shares of Lucid common stock as adjusted by the Exchange Ratio;

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•the cancellation and exchange of all 25,764,610 granted and outstanding vested and unvested Legacy Lucid Options, which became 68,121,210 Lucid Options exercisable for shares of Lucid common stock with the same terms and vesting conditions except for the number of shares exercisable and the exercise price, each of which was adjusted by the Exchange Ratio; and

•the cancellation and exchange of all 16,418,321 granted and outstanding vested and unvested Legacy Lucid RSUs, which became 43,409,870 Lucid RSUs for shares of Lucid common stock with the same terms and vesting conditions except for the number of shares, which was adjusted by the Exchange Ratio.

The other related events that occurred in connection with the Closing are summarized below:

•Churchill entered into separate private placement subscription agreements (the “PIPE Investment”) contemporaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement pursuant to which Churchill agreed to sell and issue an aggregate of 166,666,667 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $15.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $2,500.0 million. The PIPE Investment closed simultaneously with the Closing of the Merger;

•Churchill Sponsor IV LLC (the “Churchill Sponsor”) exercised its right to convert the outstanding and unpaid amount of $1.5 million under the working capital loan provided by the Churchill Sponsor to Churchill into an additional 1,500,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant in satisfaction of such loan;

•Churchill and the Churchill Sponsor entered into a letter agreement (the “Sponsor Agreement”), pursuant to which the Churchill Sponsor agreed that 17,250,000 shares of Churchill’s issued and outstanding common stock beneficially held by the Churchill Sponsor (the “Sponsor Earnback Shares”) and 14,783,333 Private Placement Warrants beneficially held by the Churchill Sponsor (the “Sponsor Earnback Warrants”) to purchase shares of the Churchill’s common stock shall become subject to transfer restrictions and contingent forfeiture provisions upon the Closing of the Merger until Lucid’s stock price exceeded certain predetermined levels in the post-Merger period. Any such shares and warrants not released from these transfer restrictions during the earnback period, which expires on the fifth anniversary of the Closing, will be forfeited back to Lucid for no consideration. See Note 12 “Earnback Shares and Warrants” for more information; and

•Churchill redeemed 21,644 public shares of Churchill’s Class A common stock at approximately $10.00 per share for an aggregate payment of $0.2 million.

After giving effect to the Merger and the redemption of Churchill shares as described above, the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately following the consummation of the Merger was as follows:

Churchill public shares, prior to redemptions 207,000,000

Less redemption of Churchill shares (21,644)

Churchill public shares, net of redemptions 206,978,356

(1) The 51,750,000 shares beneficially owned by the Churchill Sponsor as of the Closing of the Merger includes the 17,250,000 Sponsor Earnback Shares.

(2) Reflects the sale and issuance of 166,666,667 shares of common stock to the PIPE Investors at $15.00 per share.

(3) Excludes 111,531,080 shares of common stock as of the Closing of the Merger to be reserved for potential future issuance upon the exercise of Lucid Options or settlement of Lucid RSUs.

(4) Excludes the 85,750,000 warrants issued and outstanding as of the Closing of the Merger, which includes the 41,400,000 Public Warrants and the 44,350,000 Private Placement Warrants. The 44,350,000 Private Placement Warrants beneficially owned by the Churchill Sponsor as of the consummation of the Merger includes the 14,783,333 Sponsor Earnback Warrants.

The Merger has been accounted for as a reverse recapitalization under U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, Churchill has been treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. The reverse recapitalization accounting treatment was primarily determined based on the stockholders of Legacy Lucid having a relative majority of the voting power of Lucid and having the ability to nominate the majority of the members of the Lucid board of directors, senior management of Legacy Lucid comprise the senior management of Lucid, and the strategy and operations of Legacy Lucid prior to the Merger comprise the only ongoing strategy and operations of Lucid. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the financial statements of Lucid represent a continuation of the financial statements of Legacy Lucid with the Merger being treated as the equivalent of Legacy Lucid issuing shares for the net assets of Churchill, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Churchill were recognized as of the Closing at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Merger are presented as those of Legacy Lucid and the accumulated deficit of Legacy Lucid has been carried forward after Closing.

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All periods prior to the Merger have been retrospectively adjusted using the Exchange Ratio for the equivalent number of shares outstanding immediately after the Closing to effect the reverse recapitalization.

In connection with the Closing of the Merger, the Company raised $4,439.2 million of gross proceeds, including the contribution of $2,070.1 million of cash held in Churchill’s trust account from its initial public offering along with $2,500.0 million of cash raised by Churchill in connection with the PIPE Investment and $0.4 million of cash held in the Churchill operating cash account. The gross proceeds were net of $0.2 million paid to redeem 21,644 shares of Churchill Class A common stock held by public stockholders and $131.4 million in costs incurred by Churchill prior to the Closing. The Company additionally incurred $38.9 million of transaction costs, consisting of banking, legal, and other professional fees, of which $36.2 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital of proceeds and the remaining $2.7 million was expensed in July 2021. The total net cash proceeds to the Company were $4,400.3 million.

NOTE 4 – BALANCE SHEETS COMPONENTS

Inventory

Inventory as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands):

Inventory as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was comprised of raw materials, work in progress related to the production of vehicles for sale and finished goods inventory including new vehicles available for sale and vehicles in transit to fulfill customer orders. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded write-downs of $569.5 million and $48.9 million, respectively, to reduce our inventories to their net realizable values, for any excess or obsolete inventories, and losses from firm purchase commitments. No write-down was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Property, plant and equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment, net as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (273,090) (86,013)

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Construction in progress represents the costs incurred in connection with the construction of buildings or new additions to the Company’s plant facilities including tooling, which is with outside vendors. Costs classified as construction in progress include all costs of obtaining the asset and bringing it to the location in the condition necessary for its intended use. No depreciation is provided for construction in progress until such time as the assets are completed and are ready for its intended use. Construction in progress consisted of the following (in thousands):

(1) As of December 31, 2022, $33.3 million of capital expenditure support received from Ministry of Investment of Saudi Arabia (“MISA”) was recorded as a deduction to the AMP-2 construction in progress balance. See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 19 “Related Party Transactions” for more information.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $186.6 million, $62.9 million and $10.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The amount of interest capitalized on construction in progress related to significant capital asset construction was $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. No interest was capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Other current liabilities

Other current liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Engineering, design, and testing accrual $ 28,686 $ 33,950

Retail leasehold improvements accrual 9,099 15,796

Short-term borrowings 9,595 —

Operating lease liabilities, current portion 11,269 11,056

(1) Accrued purchases primarily represent inventory purchases and related transportation charges that had not been invoiced.

Other long-term liabilities

Other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion $ 243,843 $ 185,323

(1) As of December 31, 2022, $64.0 million of capital expenditure support received from MISA was recorded as deferred liability within other long-term liabilities. See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 19 “Related Party Transactions” for more information.

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Accrued warranty

Accrued warranty activities consisted of the following (in thousands):

Year Ended

Accrued warranty - beginning of period $ 1,282

Warranty costs incurred (11,557)

Provision for warranty(1) 33,224

Accrued warranty - end of period(2) $ 22,949

(1) Accrued warranty balance as of December 31, 2022 included estimated costs related to the recalls identified.

(2) Accrued warranty balance of $10.4 million and $12.5 million were recorded within Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet.as of December 31, 2022.

NOTE 5 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the “exit price” that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between independent market participants on the measurement date. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy, which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows:

•Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3—Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. The sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs may result in a significantly higher or lower measurement.

Cash, cash equivalents and investments are reported at their respective fair values on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company's Short-term and Long-term investments are classified as available-for-sale securities.

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The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

Reported As:

Level 1:

Level 2:

Reported As:

Cash and cash equivalents

Level 1:

Total assets measured at fair value $ 6,262,905

During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were immaterial realized gains or losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities. Accrued interest receivable excluded from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of the available-for-sale securities was $7.5 million as of December 31, 2022, and is recorded in Other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, no allowance for credit losses was recorded related to an impairment of available-for-sale securities.

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The following table summarizes our available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity:

Amortized cost Estimated Fair Value

Level 3 liabilities consist of convertible preferred stock warrant liability, contingent forward contract liability and common stock warrant liability, of which the fair value was measured upon issuance and is remeasured at each reporting date. Level 3 liabilities also consist of residual value guarantee liabilities, of which the fair value measurement is nonrecurring and measured upon delivery of vehicles. The valuation methodology and underlying assumptions are discussed further in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, Note 7 “Contingent Forward Contracts,” Note 8 “Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability” and Note 9 “Common Stock Warrant Liability”. Significant increases (decreases) in the unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. The following table presents a reconciliation of the contingent forward contract liability, convertible preferred stock warrant liability and common stock warrant liability measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Fair value-beginning of period $ 1,394,808 $ — $ 2,960 $ —

NOTE 6 – DEBT

2026 Notes

In December 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of $2,012.5 million principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due in December 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, at an issuance price equal to 99.5% of the principal amount of 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes have been designated as green bonds, whose proceeds will be allocated in accordance with the Company’s green bond framework. The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to and are governed by an indenture dated December 14, 2021, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association as the trustee. The proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes were $1,986.6 million, net of the issuance discount and debt issuance costs.

The 2026 Notes are unsecured obligations which bear regular interest at 1.25% per annum and will be payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2022. The 2026 Notes will mature on December 15, 2026, unless repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2026 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at the Company’s election, at an initial conversion rate of 18.2548 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $54.78 per share of our Class A common stock. The conversion rate is subject to customary adjustments for certain dilutive events. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2026 Notes, at the Company’s option, on or after December 20, 2024 if the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to the day before the redemption date. The holders may require the Company to repurchase the 2026 Notes upon the occurrence of certain fundamental change transactions at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to the day before the redemption date.

Holders of the 2026 Notes may convert all or a portion of their 2026 Notes at their option prior to September 15, 2026, in multiples of $1,000 principal amounts, only under the following circumstances:

•during any calendar quarter commencing after the quarter ending on March 31, 2022 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the Company’s common stock price exceeds 130% of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days at the end of the prior calendar quarter;

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•during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day;

•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events; or

•if the Company calls any or all 2026 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the notes called for redemption.

On or after September 15, 2026, the 2026 Notes are convertible at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Holders of the 2026 Notes who convert the 2026 Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change, as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes, or in connection with a redemption may be entitled to an increase in the conversion rate.

The Company accounted for the issuance of the 2026 Notes as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. The following is a summary of the 2026 Notes as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):

Unamortized Debt Discounts and Issuance Costs 20.7 25.7

The effective interest rate for the convertible note is 1.5%. The components of interest expense related to the 2026 Notes were as follows (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,

Contractual interest $ 25.2 $ 1.2

Amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs 5.0 0.2

Interest expense $ 30.2 $ 1.4

The 2026 Notes were not eligible for conversion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. No sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Notes, which means that the Company is not required to redeem or retire them periodically. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with applicable covenants under the indenture governing the 2026 Notes.

SIDF Loan Agreement

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The SIDF Loan Agreement contains certain restrictive financial covenants and imposes annual caps on Lucid LLC’s payment of dividends, distributions of paid-in capital or certain capital expenditures. The SIDF Loan Agreement also defines customary events of default, including abandonment of or failure to commence operations at the plant in the King Abdullah Economic City (“KAEC”), and drawdowns under the SIDF Loan Agreement are subject to certain conditions precedent. As of December 31, 2022, no amount was outstanding under the SIDF Loan Agreement.

GIB Facility Agreement

LCID US Equity

LCID · 10-K · period ended 2022-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

LCID US Equity☆

LCID · 10-K · period ended 2022-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

LCID US Equity