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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, as used in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the terms “the Company,” “Ingredion,” “we,” “us,” and “our” and similar terms refer to Ingredion Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” above.

Overview

We are a leading global ingredient solutions provider that transforms grains, fruits, vegetables and other plant-based materials into value-added ingredient solutions for the food, beverage, animal nutrition, brewing and industrial markets. Our innovative ingredient solutions help customers stay on trend with simple ingredients and other in-demand ingredients.

While we identify the impacts on our results of divestitures, acquisitions and investments, including investments in joint ventures that we account for as equity method investments, our discussion below also addresses results of operations excluding those impacts, where appropriate, to provide a more comparable and meaningful analysis.

Results of Operations

We have three reportable business segments: Texture & Healthful Solutions (“T&HS”), Food & Industrial Ingredients–LATAM (“F&II–LATAM”) and Food & Industrial Ingredients–U.S./Canada (“F&II–U.S./Canada”). In addition, operating segments that are not individually or collectively a reportable segment are grouped and classified as “All Other.”

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates affect the U.S. dollar amounts of our foreign subsidiaries’ net sales and expenses. For most of our foreign subsidiaries, the local foreign currency is the functional currency. Accordingly, net sales and expenses denominated in the functional currencies of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable average exchange rates for the period.

In 2025, Ingredion continued to optimize its global operations and lower corn costs to deliver healthy solutions to our customers. As a result, Net income attributable to Ingredion for 2025 was $729 million, which represented an increase of 13 percent from $647 million, a year which included a $90 million gain on the February 2024 sale of our South Korea operations. Diluted earnings per share were $11.18 for 2025, compared to $9.71 for 2024. Our operating income of $1,016 million for 2025 increased by 15 percent from operating income of $883 million for 2024. The results from 2024 included impairment charges for the cessation of operations at our manufacturing facilities in Vanscoy, Canada; Goole, United Kingdom; and Alcantara, Brazil. For 2025, net sales decreased 3 percent to $7.2 billion from 2024, which was primarily due to unfavorable price mix, including the pass through of lower corn costs, and lower volumes.

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025

With Comparatives for the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Net sales. Net sales decreased 3 percent to $7.2 billion for 2025 compared to $7.4 billion for 2024. The decrease in net sales was driven by lower volume from each of the F&II segments and price mix, primarily from lower raw material costs, partially offset by T&HS favorable volumes.

Cost of sales. Cost of sales decreased 4 percent to $5.4 billion for 2025 compared to $5.6 billion for 2024. The decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to lower raw material and input costs. As a result, our gross profit margin increased to 25 percent in 2025 compared to 24 percent in 2024.

Operating expenses. Operating expenses increased 4 percent to $815 million for 2025 compared to $782 million for 2024. The increase in operating expenses was primarily attributable to increased employee costs. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales was 11 percent in 2025 and 2024.

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Other operating (income), net. Other operating (income), net was $24 million for 2025 compared to $1 million for 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to reduced fees from the sale of our receivables, indirect tax benefits recognized in Brazil, and higher income from our equity method investments.

Restructuring/impairment charges. Restructuring and impairment charges decreased to $21 million for 2025 compared to $127 million for 2024. The 2024 charges were primarily related to impairments due to the cessation of operations at our manufacturing facilities in Vanscoy, Canada; Goole, United Kingdom; and Alcantara, Brazil, in addition to restructuring costs from our January 1, 2024 resegmentation. In 2025, we recorded impairment charges for equity investments and decommissioning costs for previously announced plant closures and restructuring activities that occurred during the year.

Financing costs. Financing costs decreased 5 percent to $37 million for 2025 compared to $39 million for 2024. The decrease was primarily due to lower interest expense on lower average outstanding debt balances during 2025 in comparison to 2024, partially offset by foreign exchange losses in 2025 compared to foreign exchange gains in 2024.

Net (gain) on sale of business. Net (gain) on sale of business was $90 million for 2024 to reflect the sale of our South Korea business. There was no such gain recorded in 2025.

Other non-operating expense. Other non-operating expense increased to $5 million for 2025 compared to $3 million for 2024.

Provision for income taxes. Our effective income tax rates were 24.4 percent for 2025 and 29.8 percent for 2024. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by the change in value of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar in 2025, an unfavorable ruling by tax authorities that generated a multi-year tax contingency in 2024, and the impairment of an equity method investment during 2024. These impacts were partially offset by the change in our permanent reinvestment status of a certain foreign affiliate in 2025 and the favorable tax treatment in 2024 on the sale of our South Korea business.

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests was flat at $7 million for both 2025 and 2024.

Net income attributable to Ingredion. Net income attributable to Ingredion for 2025 increased to $729 million compared to $647 million for 2024. The increase in net income was primarily due to higher operating income, lower financing costs and lower taxes in 2025.

Texture & Healthful Solutions

Net sales. T&HS net sales increased 1 percent to $2,397 million for 2025 compared to $2,366 million for 2024. The increase was primarily driven by increased volumes for starches and clean label solutions, partially offset by lower price mix.

Operating income. T&HS operating income increased 16 percent to $405 million for 2025 compared to $350 million for 2024. The increase was driven by lower raw material and input costs, as well as improved volumes, partially offset by an unfavorable price mix and higher operating expenses.

Food & Industrial Ingredients–LATAM

Net sales. F&II–LATAM net sales decreased 4 percent to $2,341 million for 2025 compared to $2,450 million for 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by lower volume demand.

Operating income. F&II–LATAM operating income increased 2 percent to $493 million for 2025 compared to $483 million for 2024. The increase was driven by lower raw material costs and Mexico currency hedges, partially offset by lower volume demand.

Food & Industrial Ingredients–U.S./Canada

Net sales. F&II–U.S./Canada net sales decreased 7 percent to $2,013 million for 2025 compared to $2,155 million for 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by lower volumes from the beverage and food industries and lower price mix from pass through of lower corn costs.

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Operating income. F&II–U.S./Canada operating income decreased 16 percent to $315 million for 2025 compared to $373 million for 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by lower volumes and production challenges at one of our large manufacturing facilities.

All Other

Net sales. All Other net sales increased 2 percent to $468 million for 2025 compared to $459 million for 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in volumes in our Sugar Reduction businesses and an increase in price mix in our Pakistan business, partially offset by lost volumes from the sale of our South Korea business on February 1, 2024.

Operating loss. All Other operating loss improved to a loss of $2 million for 2025 compared to a loss of $22 million for 2024. The improvement was primarily due to improvements in our Protein Fortification business partly offset by lower operating profits in our Pakistan business.

For the Year Ended December 31, 2024

With Comparatives for the Year Ended December 31, 2023

A discussion of the year-over-year comparison of results for 2024 and 2023 is not included in this report and can be found in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Ingredion’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2025, we had total available liquidity of $3.9 billion. Domestic liquidity of $1.6 billion consisted of $641 million in cash and cash equivalents and $1.0 billion available through our commercial paper program that had no outstanding borrowings. The commercial paper program is backed by $1.0 billion of borrowing availability under a revolving credit facility that we obtained on August 27, 2025, as described below.

As of December 31, 2025, we had international liquidity of $2.3 billion, consisting of $389 million of cash and cash equivalents and $3 million of short-term investments held by our operations outside the U.S., as well as $1.9 billion of unused operating lines of credit in foreign countries where we operate. As the parent company, we guarantee certain obligations of our consolidated subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2025, our guarantees aggregated $39 million. We believe that those consolidated subsidiaries will be able to meet their financial obligations as they become due.

On August 27, 2025, we entered into a new revolving credit agreement for an unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion outstanding at any time, which will mature on August 27, 2030. Loans under the facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal, at our option, to either a specified Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable margin, or a base rate (generally determined according to the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate or the specified SOFR plus 1.00 percent) plus an applicable margin. We are subject to compliance, as of the end of each quarter, with a maximum leverage ratio of 3.5 to 1.0 and a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA (as defined for purposes of the revolving credit agreement) to consolidated net interest expense of 3.5 to 1.0, with each financial covenant calculated for the most recently completed four-quarter period. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with these financial covenants.

Our commercial paper program allows us to issue senior unsecured notes of short maturities up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion outstanding at any time. The notes may be sold from time to time on customary terms in the U.S. commercial paper market. We intend to use note proceeds for general corporate purposes. During 2025, there was no activity related to this program. The amount of commercial paper outstanding under this program in 2026 is expected to fluctuate.

As of December 31, 2025, we had total debt outstanding of $1.8 billion. Our outstanding debt consists primarily of senior notes under which repayment at maturity will occur in various years commencing in 2026 through 2050. We classify senior notes due in 2026 as long-term as we have the intent and ability to refinance the principal amount on a long-term basis. The weighted average interest rate on our total indebtedness was 4.0 percent for both 2025 and 2024.

On November 17, 2025, we entered into a lease for a new Global Innovation headquarters facility that will be built in Bridgewater, New Jersey, where we currently lease another facility for research and operations. When the Global Innovation headquarters construction is substantially complete and ready for our use, which we estimate will be in the first

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half of 2028, subject to environmental conditions, structural dependencies and regulatory approvals, we will begin lease payments for a term of 25 years. Lease payments will be primarily based on the cost to construct the facility, which we estimate will be approximately $145 million.

The principal source of our liquidity is our internally generated cash flow, which we supplement as necessary with our ability to borrow under our credit facilities and to raise funds in the capital markets. We currently expect that our available cash balances, future cash flow from operations, proceeds from divestitures, access to debt markets and borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and commercial paper program will provide us with sufficient liquidity to fund our anticipated capital expenditures, dividends and other operating, investing and financing activities for at least the next twelve months and for the foreseeable future thereafter. Our future cash flow needs will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, cost of raw materials, changing working capital requirements, the timing and extent of our expansion into new markets, the timing of introductions of new products, potential or agreed acquisitions of or investments in complementary businesses and technologies, continuing market acceptance of our new products, and general economic and market conditions. We may need to raise additional capital or incur indebtedness to fund our needs for less predictable strategic initiatives, such as acquisitions.

Net Cash Flows

Our cash provided by operating activities decreased to $944 million in 2025 from $1,436 million in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction of $490 million in cash from working capital. We used $73 million of cash in 2025 for working capital, compared to cash provided by working capital of $417 million in 2024, primarily for increases in customer receivables and inventory.

Our cash used for investing activities increased to $444 million in 2025 from $47 million in 2024, which reflected proceeds from the sale of our South Korea business of $255 million in February 2024. In 2025, we used $433 million for capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases to update, expand and improve our facilities, compared to $295 million in capital expenditures in 2024 for the same purposes. Capital investment commitments for 2026 are anticipated to be approximately $400 million to $440 million.

We used $491 million for financing activities in 2025 compared to cash used for financing activities of $765 million in 2024, primarily because we did not borrow under our commercial paper program in 2025, while we repaid $327 million of commercial paper borrowings during 2024. Cash used for financing activities also includes cash dividends that we pay to our common stockholders of record on a quarterly basis, including those to non-controlling interests, which were $211 million during 2025 and $210 million during 2024. During 2025, we also repurchased 1.8 million outstanding shares of our common stock in open market transactions at a net cost of $224 million.

Key Financial Performance Metrics

We use certain key financial performance metrics to monitor our progress towards achieving our long-term strategic business objectives. These metrics relate to our ability to drive profitability, create value for stockholders and monitor our financial leverage. We assess whether we are achieving our profitability and value creation objectives by measuring our Adjusted Return on Invested Capital (“Adjusted ROIC”). We monitor our financial leverage by regularly reviewing our ratio of net debt to adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and other items (“Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA”). We believe these metrics provide valuable information to help us run our business and are useful to investors.

The metrics Adjusted ROIC and Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA include certain financial measures (Adjusted operating income, net of tax, and Adjusted EBITDA) that are not calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We also have presented below the most comparable financial measures calculated using components determined in accordance with GAAP. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures internally for strategic decision-making, forecasting future results and evaluating current performance. Management believes that the non-GAAP financial measures provide a more consistent comparison of our operating results and trends for the periods presented. These non-GAAP financial measures are used in addition to and in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP and reflect an additional way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed with our GAAP results, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business. The non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the corresponding measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

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In accordance with our long-term strategy, we set certain objectives relating to these key financial performance metrics that we strive to meet. We cannot provide assurance, however, that we will continue to meet our financial performance metric targets. See Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for a discussion of factors that could affect our ability to meet those targets. The objectives reflect our current aspirations in light of our present plans and existing circumstances. We may change these objectives from time to time to address new opportunities or changing circumstances as appropriate to meet our long-term needs and those of our stockholders.

A reconciliation of non-GAAP historical financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measure is presented below.

Adjusted ROIC

Adjusted ROIC is a financial performance ratio not defined under GAAP, and it should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, GAAP financial measures. We define Adjusted ROIC as Adjusted operating income, net of tax, divided by average end-of-year balances for current year and prior year Total net debt and equity. Similarly named measures may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner. We believe Adjusted ROIC is meaningful to investors as it focuses on profitability and value-creating potential, taking into account the amount of capital invested. The most comparable measure calculated using components determined in accordance with GAAP is ROIC, which we define as Net income, divided by average end-of-year balances for current year and prior year Total net debt and equity, as shown in the following table.

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Year Ended December 31,

Return on Invested Capital (dollars in millions) 2025 2024

Adjusted for:

Provision for income taxes 238 277

Other non-operating expense 5 3

Financing costs 37 39

Restructuring and resegmentation costs (i) 13 18

Net (gain) on sale of business (ii) — (90)

Impairment charges (iii) 8 109

Other matters (iv) (9) 6

Adjusted operating income, net of tax (b) 763 748

Short-term debt 48 44

Less: Cash and cash equivalents (1,030) (997)

Short-term investments (3) (11)

Share-based payments subject to redemption 64 60

Total redeemable non-controlling interests 7 7

Total net debt and equity $ 5,123 $ 4,713

Average current and prior year Total net debt and equity (c) $ 4,918 $ 5,071

Return on Invested Capital (a ÷ c) 15.0 % 12.9 %

Adjusted Return on Invested Capital (b ÷ c) 15.5 % 14.8 %

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(i)In 2025, we recorded $13 million of pre-tax restructuring charges primarily related to accelerated depreciation and decommissioning costs for previously announced plant closures and restructuring activities that occurred during the year. In 2024, we recorded $18 million of pre-tax restructuring and resegmentation charges primarily related to restructuring activities that occurred during the year and the resegmentation of the business that was effective January 1, 2024.

(ii)In 2024, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $90 million on the sale of our South Korea business. There was no such gain in 2025.

(iii)In 2025, we recorded $10 million of pre-tax impairment charges that primarily related impairment charges on our equity investments and equipment impairments due to restructuring activities. This was reduced by $2 million as it was included in Other non-operating expense. In 2024, we recorded $109 million of pre-tax impairment charges that primarily related to our plans to cease operations at our manufacturing facilities in Vanscoy, Canada; Alcantara, Brazil; and Goole, United Kingdom, and impairment charges on our equity method investments.

(iv)In 2025, we recorded $9 million of pre-tax benefits related to insurance recoveries and a favorable judgment related to certain indirect taxes. In 2024, this primarily related to tornado damage incurred at a U.S. warehouse.

(v)Adjusted effective tax rates were calculated as follows:

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Year Ended Year Ended

Adjustments:

Restructuring and resegmentation costs 13 2 18 5

Net (gain) on sale of business — — (90) (4)

Other matters (9) (2) 6 1

Tax item–Mexico — 14 — (18)

Other tax matters — — — (4)

Our long-term objective is to maintain an Adjusted ROIC in excess of 10.0 percent. For 2025, we achieved an Adjusted ROIC of 15.5 percent as compared to 14.8 percent for 2024.

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA is a financial performance ratio that is not defined under GAAP, and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, GAAP financial measures. We define this measure as Short-term and Long-term debt less Cash and cash equivalents and Short-term investments, divided by Adjusted EBITDA. Similarly named measures may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner. We believe Total net debt to Adjusted EBITDA is meaningful to investors as it focuses on our leverage on a comparable Adjusted EBITDA basis and helps investors better understand the time required to pay back our outstanding debt. The most comparable ratio calculated using components determined in accordance with GAAP is Total net debt to Income before income taxes, calculated as Short-term and Long-term debt less Cash and cash equivalents and Short-term investments, divided by Income before income taxes, as shown in the following table.

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Year Ended December 31,

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio 2025 2024

Short-term debt $ 48 $ 44

Less: Cash and cash equivalents (1,030) (997)

Short-term investments (3) (11)

Income before income taxes (b) 974 931

Adjusted for:

Depreciation and amortization 222 214

Financing costs 37 39

Other non-operating expense 5 3

Restructuring and resegmentation costs (i) 7 18

Net (gain) on sale of business (ii) — (90)

Impairment charges (iii) 8 109

Other matters (iv) (9) 6

Net Debt to Income before income tax ratio (a ÷ b) 0.8 0.9

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio (a ÷ c) 0.6 0.7

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(i)In 2025, we recorded $13 million of pre-tax restructuring charges primarily related to accelerated depreciation and decommissioning costs for previously announced plant closures and restructuring activities that occurred during the year. This was reduced by $6 million as it included depreciation expense that was already included in the depreciation and amortization line. In 2024, we recorded $18 million of pre-tax restructuring and resegmentation charges primarily related to restructuring activities that occurred during the year and the resegmentation of the business that was effective January 1, 2024.

(ii)In 2024, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $90 million on the sale of our South Korea business. There was no such gain in 2025.

(iii)In 2025, we recorded $10 million of pre-tax impairment charges that primarily related to impairment charges on our equity investments and equipment impairments due to restructuring activities. This was reduced by $2 million as it was included in Other non-operating expense. In 2024, we recorded $109 million of pre-tax impairment charges that primarily related to our plans to cease operations at our manufacturing facilities in Vanscoy, Canada, Alcantara, Brazil, and Goole, United Kingdom, and impairment charges on our equity method investments.

(iv)In 2025, we recorded $9 million of pre-tax benefits related to insurance recoveries and a favorable judgment related to certain indirect taxes. In 2024, this primarily related to tornado damage incurred at a U.S. warehouse.

Our long-term objective is to target a ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA of 2.5 or less. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the ratio was 0.6 and 0.7.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

We have identified below the most critical accounting policies upon which the financial statements are based and that involve our most complex and subjective decisions and assessments. Our senior management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these policies with members of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. These accounting policies are described in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The discussion that follows

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should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.

Property, Plant and Equipment and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets

We have substantial investments in property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) and definite-lived intangible assets. For PP&E, we recognize the cost of depreciable assets in operations over the estimated useful life of the assets and evaluate the recoverability of these assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. For definite-lived intangible assets, we recognize the cost of these amortizable assets in operations over their estimated useful life and evaluate the recoverability of the assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The carrying values of PP&E and definite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2025 were $2.5 billion and $204 million, respectively.

In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value of PP&E and definite-lived intangible assets, we may have to make projections regarding future cash flows. In developing these projections, we make a variety of important assumptions and estimates that have a significant impact on our assessments of whether the carrying values of PP&E and definite-lived intangible assets should be adjusted to reflect impairment. Among these are assumptions and estimates about the future growth and profitability of the related asset group, anticipated future economic, regulatory and political conditions in the asset group’s market, and estimates of terminal or disposal values.

To optimize our operations, we continually review whether to further consolidate our manufacturing facilities or redeploy assets for other uses when we believe we can achieve a higher return on our investment. This review may result in the closure or sale of certain manufacturing facilities, which could have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows in the period in which we decide to close or sell the facility.

The future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a significant adverse change in the business climate that would require a change in our assumptions or strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions, could require us to perform tests of recoverability in the future.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill

We have certain indefinite-lived intangible assets in the form of trade names and trademarks. Our methodology for allocating the purchase price of acquisitions is based on established valuation techniques that reflect the consideration of a number of factors, including valuations performed by third-party appraisers when appropriate. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill at December 31, 2025 was $143 million and $922 million, respectively, compared to $143 million and $906 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024.

We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill for impairment as of July 1 each year (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise such as the resegmentation that occurred on January 1, 2024). We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, which include net sales derived from these intangibles and certain market and industry conditions. After assessing the qualitative factors, if we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying amount, then we are not required to compute the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. If the qualitative assessment leads us to conclude otherwise, then we are required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets and perform a quantitative impairment test in accordance with ASC subtopic 350-30, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Based on our assessment’s results, we concluded that as of July 1, 2025 there were no impairments in our indefinite-lived intangible assets.

In testing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors in determining whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After assessing the qualitative factors, if we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then we do not perform an impairment test. If we conclude otherwise, then we perform the impairment test. Under this impairment test, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is not considered impaired, and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the net assets exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then an impairment exists for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit. This difference may not exceed the goodwill recorded at the reporting unit.

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When we test goodwill for impairment, we make certain estimates and judgments, which include identifying reporting units and determining the reporting units’ fair values based on both discounted cash flow analyses and an analysis of market multiples. To determine the fair value of reporting units, we use significant assumptions and estimates for discount and long-term net sales growth rates, in addition to operating and capital expenditure requirements. We consider changes in discount rates for the reporting units based on current market interest rates and specific risk factors within each geographic region. We also evaluate qualitative factors, such as legal, regulatory or competitive forces, in estimating the impact to the fair value of the reporting units, noting no significant changes that would result in any reporting unit failing the impairment test. Changes in assumptions concerning projected results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value of the reporting units in the future. Based on the results of the annual assessment, we concluded that as of July 1, 2025 there were no impairments in our reporting units.

New Accounting Standards

For information related to our new accounting standards, see Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Hedging: We are exposed to market risk stemming from changes in commodity prices (primarily corn and natural gas), foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In the normal course of business, we actively manage our exposure to these market risks by entering various hedging transactions authorized under established policies that place controls on these activities. These transactions utilize exchange-traded derivatives or over-the-counter derivatives with investment grade counterparties. Our hedging transactions may include, but are not limited to, a variety of derivative financial instruments such as forward, futures, options, and swap contracts and agreements. We plan to continue to use derivative instruments to hedge this price risk and, accordingly, we will be required to make cash deposits to or be entitled to receive cash from our margin accounts depending on the movement in the market price of the underlying commodities. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Raw Material, Energy and Other Commodity Risks

We sell a significant portion of finished products, made primarily from corn, at firm prices established in customer contracts that typically last up to one year. In order to minimize the volatility in the cost of anticipated purchases of underlying commodity inputs related to these firm-priced customer contracts, such as corn and natural gas used in our manufacturing process, we enter into hedging contracts or take other hedging positions that also typically mature within one year. Most of our derivative hedging contracts are for the purchase of corn, primarily for our Food and Industrial Ingredient segments. Our pricing is determined through reference to the Chicago Board of Trade, a U.S. futures exchange, for corn we purchase from suppliers in the U.S., and through reference to B3 S.A., a Brazilian stock exchange and over-the-counter market, for corn we purchase from suppliers in Brazil. At expiration of the derivative hedging contract, we settle the derivative contracts at a net amount equal to the difference between the then-current price of corn and the futures contract price. Although these hedging instruments are subject to fluctuations in value, changes in the value of the underlying exposures we are hedging generally offset such fluctuations. While the futures contracts or other hedging positions are intended to minimize the volatility of input costs on operating profits, occasionally the hedging contracts can incur losses, some of which may be material.

Energy costs represent approximately 9 percent of our cost of sales. The primary use of energy is to create steam in the production process and to dry product. We consume natural gas, electricity, coal, fuel oil, wood and other biomass sources to generate energy. The market prices for these commodities vary depending on supply and demand, global economic conditions and other factors. We purchase these commodities based on our anticipated usage and the future outlook for these costs. We cannot assure that we will be able to purchase these commodities at prices that we can adequately pass through to customers to sustain or increase profitability. We use derivative financial instruments, such as over-the-counter natural gas swaps, to hedge portions of our natural gas costs generally over the following twelve to twenty-four months, primarily in our F&II and T&HS segments.

At December 31, 2025, we had outstanding futures and option contracts that hedged the forecasted purchase of approximately 84 million bushels of corn, as well as outstanding swap contracts that hedged the forecasted purchase of approximately 26 million mmbtus of natural gas. Based on our overall commodity hedge position at December 31, 2025, a hypothetical 10 percent decline in market prices applied to the fair value of the instruments would result in a charge to other comprehensive loss (“OCL”) of approximately $35 million, net of income tax effect of $13 million. Any change in

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the fair value of the contracts, real or hypothetical, would be substantially offset by an inverse change in the value of the underlying hedged item.

Unrealized gains and losses associated with marking our commodities-based cash flow hedge derivative instruments to market are recorded as a component of OCL. As of December 31, 2025, our Accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) balance included $7 million of net losses (net of $3 million income tax effect) related to these derivative instruments which will be reclassified into earnings over the next twelve months. We expect the net losses to be offset by changes in the underlying commodities costs.

Interest Rate Risk on Debt

We are exposed to interest rate risk on our variable rate debt and price risk on our fixed rate debt. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 97 percent, or $1.7 billion principal amount, of our total debt is fixed rate debt and 3 percent, or approximately $49 million principal amount, of our total debt is variable rate debt subject to changes in short-term rates, which could affect our interest costs. We assess market risk based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential change in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 1 percentage point change in interest rates at December 31, 2025. A hypothetical increase of 1 percentage point in the weighted average floating interest rate would increase our annual interest expense by an insignificant amount and would change the fair value of our fixed rate debt at December 31, 2025 by approximately $87 million.

Since we have no current plans to repurchase our outstanding fixed rate instruments before their maturities, the impact of market interest rate fluctuations on our long-term debt is not expected to have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Rate Risk on Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Financial measurement of our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit (“OPEB”) obligations are sensitive to changes in discount rates, which are based on prevailing market interest rates. A decrease in discount rates generally increases the present value of plan obligations and related expense, while an increase in discount rates has the opposite effect.

The weighted average discount rate used to determine our obligations under U.S. pension plans as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was 5.41 percent and 5.64 percent. The weighted average discount rate used to determine our obligations under non-U.S. pension plans as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was 5.52 percent and 5.42 percent. The weighted average discount rate used to determine our obligations under our postretirement plans as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was 8.16 percent and 7.75 percent.

A one percentage point decrease in the discount rates at December 31, 2025, would have increased the accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation by the following amounts (in millions):

U.S. Pension Plans

Accumulated benefit obligation $ 28

Projected benefit obligation 28

Non-U.S. Pension Plans

Accumulated benefit obligation $ 18

Projected benefit obligation 20

Postretirement Plans

Accumulated benefit obligation $ 7

Foreign Currency Risk

Due to our global operations, we are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. As a result, we have exposure to translational foreign exchange risk when our foreign operation results are translated to U.S. dollars and to

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transactional foreign exchange risk when transactions not denominated in the functional currency of the operating unit are revalued.

We selectively use derivative instruments such as forward contracts, currency swaps and options to manage transactional foreign exchange risk. Based on our overall foreign currency transactional exposure at December 31, 2025, we estimate that a hypothetical 10 percent decline in the value of the U.S. dollar would have resulted in a transactional foreign exchange gain of approximately $27 million. At December 31, 2025, our AOCL account included in the equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets includes a cumulative translation loss of $899 million. The aggregate net assets of our foreign subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency approximated $2.2 billion at December 31, 2025. A hypothetical 10 percent decline in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies would have resulted in a reduction to our cumulative translation loss and a credit to OCL of approximately $250 million.

We enter foreign-currency derivative instruments that are designated as both cash flow hedging instruments and instruments not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. As of December 31, 2025, we had foreign currency forward sales contracts with an aggregate notional value of $395 million and foreign currency forward purchase contracts with an aggregate notional value of $192 million not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. As of December 31, 2025, we also had foreign currency forward sales contracts with an aggregate notional value of $425 million and foreign currency forward purchase contracts with an aggregate notional value of $358 million that are classified as cash flow hedges. The amount included in AOCL relating to these hedges at December 31, 2025 was $3 million of net gains (net of $3 million income tax effect). We expect $3 million of net gains (net of $2 million income tax effect) will be reclassified into earnings over the next twelve months.

Some of the countries in which we operate may experience high inflation. We elect hyperinflation accounting for our affiliate in Argentina, which has high cumulative inflation, determined its functional currency to be the U.S. dollar, and measure its income statement and balance sheet in U.S. dollars using both current and historical exchange rates. The effect of changes in exchange rates on its local currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities is reflected in earnings in financing costs in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Page No.

Consolidated Statements of Income 41

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 42

Consolidated Balance Sheets 43

Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Equity 44

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 45

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 46

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Ingredion Incorporated:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ingredion Incorporated and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and redeemable equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 17, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Sufficiency of audit evidence over inventory

As discussed in Notes 1 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company held $1,227 million of inventory as of December 31, 2025. Inventories are comprised of raw materials, finished and in process, and manufacturing supplies that are physically located at certain of the Company's locations.

We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over raw materials and finished goods inventory as a critical audit matter. Finished goods inventory is included within the finished and in process inventory. Evaluating the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained required subjective auditor judgment because of the geographical dispersion of the Company’s raw materials and finished goods inventory and the need to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed.

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The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over raw materials and finished goods inventory, including determining the Company locations for which those procedures were performed. For locations where procedures were performed, we evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the inventory process. We also involved IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in testing certain general IT and application controls related to the Company’s process of recording raw materials and finished goods inventory. We selected a sample of raw materials and finished goods inventory and counted inventory quantities through location visits during the year. For a selection of raw materials and finished goods inventory held at certain third-party warehouse locations, we confirmed the quantity held with third-party vendors. We also selected a sample of transactions used in the calculation of raw materials and finished goods inventory and compared inventory prices to underlying documentation, including third-party invoices. In addition, we evaluated the overall sufficiency of audit evidence obtained over raw materials and finished goods inventory by assessing the results of procedures performed, including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of audit effort.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1997.

Chicago, Illinois

February 17, 2026

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Ingredion Incorporated

Consolidated Statements of Income

(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)

Year Ended December 31,

Other operating (income), net (24) (1) (8)

Restructuring/impairment charges 21 127 11

Net (gain) on sale of business — (90) —

Other non-operating expense 5 3 4

Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 7 7 8

Net income attributable to Ingredion $ 729 $ 647 $ 643

Earnings per common share attributable to Ingredion common shareholders:

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

Earnings per common share of Ingredion:

See the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(dollars in millions)

Year Ended December 31,

Other comprehensive income:

Currency translation adjustment 162 (100) 47

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests 7 8 2

Comprehensive income attributable to Ingredion $ 878 $ 616 $ 641

See the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

As of December 31,

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,030 $ 997

Short-term investments 3 11

Prepaid expenses and assets held for sale 60 67

Property, plant and equipment, net 2,526 2,264

Other non-current assets 597 561

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

Current liabilities:

Short-term borrowings $ 48 $ 44

Accrued liabilities and liabilities held for sale 575 633

Other non-current liabilities 473 486

Share-based payments subject to redemption 64 60

Redeemable non-controlling interests 7 7

Ingredion stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock — authorized 25.0 shares — $0.01 par value, none issued — —

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (937) (1,086)

Total Ingredion stockholders’ equity 4,274 3,804

Non-redeemable non-controlling interests 21 19

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 7,897 $ 7,444

See the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Equity

(dollars in millions)

Net income attributable to Ingredion — — — — — 643 — — —

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests — — — — — — 7 — 1

Dividends declared — — — — — (199) (3) — —

Repurchases of common stock, net — — — (101) — — — — —

Share-based compensation, net of issuance — — 7 42 — — — 7 —

Fair market value adjustment to non-controlling interests — — 7 — — — — — (7)

Purchases of non-controlling interests — — — — — — — — (2)

Other comprehensive (loss) — — — — (8) — (6) — —

Net income attributable to Ingredion — — — — — 647 — — —

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests — — — — — — 9 — (2)

Dividends declared — — — — — (209) (5) — —

Repurchases of common stock, net — — — (216) — — — — —

Share-based compensation, net of issuance — — 12 68 — — — 5 —

Fair market value adjustment to non-controlling interests — — (6) — — — — — 6

Purchases of non-controlling interests — — — — — — — — (40)

Other comprehensive (loss) income — — — — (30) — 1 — —

Net income attributable to Ingredion — — — — — 729 — — —

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests — — — — — — 7 — —

Dividends declared — — — — — (211) (5) — —

Repurchases of common stock, net — — — (224) — — — — —

Share-based compensation, net of issuance — — 3 24 — — — 4 —

Other comprehensive income — — — — 149 — — — —

See the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(dollars in millions)

Year Ended December 31,

Cash from operating activities

Non-cash charges to net income:

Mechanical stores expense 67 62 62

Net (gain) on sale of business — (90) —

Deferred income taxes 6 (15) (6)

Other non-cash charges 43 32 59

Changes in working capital:

Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (51) 148 77

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (27) 20 (79)

Cash from investing activities

Capital expenditures and mechanical stores purchases, net (433) (295) (314)

Proceeds from sale of business 12 255 —

Purchases of equity securities, net (20) (4) (9)

Other (3) (3) (6)

Cash used for investing activities (444) (47) (329)

Cash from financing activities

Commercial paper repayments, net — (327) (63)

Repurchases of common stock, net (224) (216) (101)

Common stock activity for share-based compensation, net (12) 46 20

Purchases of non-controlling interests — (40) (2)

Dividends paid, including to non-controlling interests (211) (210) (194)

Cash used for financing activities (491) (765) (569)

Effects of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 24 (28) 6

Increase in cash and cash equivalents 33 596 165

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 997 401 236

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 1,030 $ 997 $ 401

See the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

1. Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to the “Company,” “Ingredion,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Ingredion Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Description of the business: We primarily manufacture and sell sweeteners, starches, nutrition ingredients and biomaterial solutions derived from wet milling and processing corn and other starch-based materials to a wide range of industries, both domestically and internationally.

Basis of presentation: The Consolidated Financial Statements consist of the accounts of Ingredion, including all subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates: The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates and assumptions impact the value of purchase consideration, accounts receivable, inventories, certain investments, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, legal contingencies, income taxes, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on our best estimates and judgment. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We will adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Corn price volatility, adverse changes in the global economic environment, foreign currency depreciation versus the U.S. dollar, and access to credit markets increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Foreign currency translation: Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, other than those whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are translated at current exchange rates with the related translation adjustments reported in equity as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”), and income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for our subsidiaries in Mexico and Argentina, and we translate their monetary assets and liabilities at current exchange rates with the related adjustment included in financing costs in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates with the related translation adjustments included in AOCL in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revenue recognition: Ingredion recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict our transfer of products and solutions to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration we expect to receive. To achieve that core principle, we apply the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.

We identify customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by a master sales agreement, as the contracts with our customers. For each contract, we consider the transfer of products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligation. The pricing model can be fixed or variable within the contract. The variable pricing model is based on historical commodity pricing and is determinable before we complete the performance obligation. To determine the transaction price for the contract performance obligations, we also evaluate whether the price could be adjusted, and we may reduce the transaction price for certain sales adjustments such as volume incentive discounts and other discount arrangements. We estimate transaction price adjustments using the expected value method based on our analysis of historical volume incentives or discounts over a period considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Historically, actual volume incentives and discounts relative to those estimated and included when determining the transaction price have not materially differed. We accrue volume incentives and discounts in Accrued liabilities and liabilities held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets when we satisfy the performance obligation. We consider the product price as specified in the contract, net of any discounts, as the standalone selling price as it is an observable input that represents the price if we sold the product to a similar customer in similar circumstances. We do not recognize any significant financing components since payment is due shortly after we satisfy our performance obligation.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

We recognize revenue when we satisfy our performance obligation and control is transferred to the customer, which occurs at a point in time, either upon delivery to an agreed upon location or to the customer. Further, in determining whether control has transferred, we consider if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer.

Shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers represent fulfillment costs and are recorded in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities and collected from customers are accounted for on a net basis and excluded from net sales. We expense costs to obtain a contract when we incur the costs since most contracts are one year or less. These costs primarily include our internal sales force compensation. Under the terms of these programs, the compensation is generally earned, and the costs are recognized when we recognize the revenue.

From time to time, we may enter into long-term contracts with our customers. Historically, such contracts do not result in significant contract assets or liabilities. Any such arrangements are accounted for in Accounts receivable, net or Accrued liabilities and liabilities held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Cash and cash equivalents: Cash equivalents consist of all instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and that have virtually no risk of loss in value.

Accounts receivable: Accounts receivable consists of trade and other receivables carried at approximate fair value, net of an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is determined using our best estimate of expected credit losses based on historical loss experience and current forecasts of future economic conditions, and we adjust this estimate over the life of the receivable as needed.

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are predominantly determined using the weighted average method.

Long-term investments: We hold marketable securities and equity investments, which we include in Other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Marketable securities are carried at fair value and we record changes in fair value to Other operating income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income if we maintain the securities for processing transactions that directly support operating activities; otherwise, we record changes in fair value to Other non-operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Equity investments in companies for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Other non-operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, less impairments, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We perform a qualitative impairment assessment to determine if such investments are impaired, which considers all available information, including declines in the financial performance of the issuing entity, the issuing entity’s operating environment and general market conditions. Impairments of equity securities without readily determinable fair value are recorded in Other non-operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Equity investments in companies for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Upon formation, each equity investee must apply a new basis of accounting by initially measuring its assets and liabilities at fair value (with exceptions to fair value measurement that are consistent with the business combinations guidance). Our share of the earnings or losses reported by equity method investees is recognized in Other operating income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income, and we generally recognize our share of income or expense one month in arrears due to the timing of when results are available. Each reporting period, we evaluate declines in the fair value of equity method investments below carrying value to determine if any are other-than-temporary and if so, we write down the investment to its estimated fair value. Impairments are recognized in Restructuring/impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Leases: We determine if an arrangement contains a lease, as well as its classification as an operating lease or finance lease, at the inception of the agreement. Lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term. As

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Ingredion Incorporated

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The lease asset value includes in our calculation any prepaid lease payments made and any lease incentives received from the arrangement as a reduction of the asset. Certain leases have options to terminate or extend the life of the lease, which we include in the lease asset and lease liability calculation when we have sole discretion to exercise the option, and it is reasonably certain we will. We do not separate lease and non-lease components for our leases when it is impracticable to separate them, such as leases with variable payment arrangements. We have certain leases that have variable payments based solely on output or usage of the leased asset, which we do not record in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, but expense as incurred. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Property, plant and equipment, net and definite-lived intangible assets:Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and definite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. For PP&E, depreciation is generally computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of depreciable assets, which range from 25 to 50 years for buildings and from two to 25 years for machinery and equipment. Costs for mechanical stores represent costs for spare parts used in the production process that are capitalized in PP&E as part of machinery and equipment until they are utilized in the manufacturing process and expensed as a period cost. Where permitted by law, accelerated depreciation methods are used for tax purposes. For definite-lived intangible assets, we recognize the cost of these amortizable assets in operations over their estimated useful life, which range from two to 30 years. We review the recoverability of the net book value of PP&E and definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. If this review indicates that the carrying values of the asset group will not be recovered, we reduce the carrying values to fair value and recognize an impairment charge. The impairment analysis for long-lived assets occurs before the goodwill impairment assessment described below.

Assets and liabilities held for sale: We classify long-lived assets or disposal groups as held for sale in the period when all of the following conditions have been met:

•we have approved and committed to a plan to sell the assets or disposal group,

•the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition,

•an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the sale have been initiated,

•the sale of the asset or disposal group is probable and expected to be completed within one year,

•the asset or disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and

•it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

When all the held for sale criteria are met, we initially measure a long-lived asset or disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or the fair value less any costs to sell, recognize any resulting losses, and cease depreciation and amortization of the long-lived asset or assets within a disposal group. Until the date of sale or until the asset or disposal group are no longer classified as held for sale, we assess fair value less any costs to sell and recognize any resulting losses at each reporting period. Gains are not recognized until the date of the sale.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill: We have certain indefinite-lived intangible assets in the form of trade names, trademarks, and goodwill. Our methodology for allocating the purchase price of acquisitions to trade names and trademarks is based on established valuation techniques that reflect the consideration of a number of factors, including valuations performed by third-party appraisers when appropriate. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill for impairment annually (or other circumstances requiring assessment), which we perform as of July 1 of each year.

In testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying amount. If not, then we determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets by performing a quantitative impairment analysis that considers various factors, including net sales derived from these intangibles and certain market and industry conditions.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

In testing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount. If not, then an impairment exists for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit. This difference is not to exceed the goodwill recorded at the reporting unit.

Hedging instruments: We use derivative financial instruments consisting primarily of commodity futures, swaps and option contracts, forward currency contracts and options, interest rate swaps, and Treasury lock agreements (“T-Locks”).

When we enter a derivative contract, we designate the derivative as a hedge of variable cash flows to be paid related to certain forecasted transactions (“a cash flow hedge”), as a hedge of the fair value of certain fixed (“firm”) commitments (“a fair value hedge”), or as a non-designated hedging instrument. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash flow or fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. For all hedging relationships, we document the hedging relationships and our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transactions, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged, how we will assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk, and a description of the method to measure ineffectiveness. We also formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative that is used in a hedging transaction is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of hedged items.

For hedging instruments designated as cash flow hedges, unrealized gains and losses associated with marking cash flow hedging contracts to market (fair value) are recorded as a component of other comprehensive loss (“OCL”) and included in the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets as part of AOCL. These amounts, as well as their related tax effects, are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same line item affected by the hedged transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings, or in the period a hedge is determined to be ineffective. Gains and losses from cash flow hedging instruments reclassified from AOCL to earnings are reported as Cash provided by operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

For hedging instruments designated as fair value hedges, unrealized gains and losses associated with marking fair value hedging contracts to market (fair value) are recorded in earnings each period. Unrealized gains and losses on hedged items in designated and highly effective fair value hedges are also recorded in earnings each period.

For hedging instruments not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes, all realized and unrealized gains and losses from these instruments are recognized in earnings during each accounting period.

We assess the effectiveness of hedging contracts based on changes in the contract’s fair value. The changes in the market value of our hedging contracts have historically been, and are expected to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in the price of hedged items. We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when it is unlikely or not probable that a forecasted transaction will occur or when we determine that the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate, since the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows or fair value of the originally intended hedged transaction. When we discontinue hedge accounting, we continue to carry the derivative on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at its fair value and freeze the deferred gains or losses into AOCL. Changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in earnings in the same line item as the original hedged transaction instead of AOCL. Any accumulated gains and losses that were included in AOCL in the period we determined the hedge to be ineffective are also released to earnings.

Pension and other postretirement benefits: All U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans and most non-U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans value the vested benefit obligation based on the actuarial present value of the vested benefits to which employees are currently entitled based on their expected date of separation or retirement. We determine our assumption for the discount rate used to measure year-end pension and postretirement obligations based on high-quality fixed-income investments that match the duration of the expected benefit payments, which has been benchmarked using a long-term, high-quality AA corporate bond index. We use a full yield curve approach in the estimation of the service and interest cost components of benefit cost by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows.

For defined benefit plans, the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within either Cost of sales or Operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The interest cost, expected return on plan assets,

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Ingredion Incorporated

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

amortization of actuarial loss, amortization of prior service credit and settlement loss components of net periodic benefit cost are presented as Other non-operating expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets are classified in AOCL, along with the related tax impact, and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost over the average remaining service period of a plan’s active employees for active defined benefit pension plans and over the average remaining life of a plan’s active employees for frozen defined benefit pension plans.

Share-based compensation: We have a stock incentive plan that provides for share-based employee compensation, including the granting of stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance shares to certain key employees. Compensation expense is generally recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income on a straight-line basis for all awards over the requisite service period. We estimate a forfeiture rate at the time of certain grants, and we update the estimate throughout the vesting of certain awards within the amount of compensation costs recognized in each period.

Earnings per common share: Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing Net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated using the treasury stock method, computed by dividing Net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, including the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and other instruments associated with long-term incentive compensation plans.

Risks and uncertainties: We operate domestically and internationally, and our business and assets in each country are subject to varying degrees of risk and uncertainty. We insure our business and assets in each country against insurable risks in a manner that we deem appropriate. Because of our geographic dispersion, we believe that a loss from a non-insured event in any one country is not likely to have a material adverse effect on our operations as a whole. Additionally, we believe there is no significant concentration of risk with any single customer or supplier whose failure or non-performance would materially affect our results. We do not consider the potential for insurance recoveries if we record accruals for estimated probable costs from events or circumstances that may be insured.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2025, we adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-05, Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60), on a prospective basis. Under this standard, a joint venture must apply a new basis of accounting upon formation by initially measuring its assets and liabilities at fair value (with exceptions to fair value measurement that are consistent with the business combinations guidance). We applied the new standard to the Agrana joint venture, described in Note 3. The effect of adoption of the new standard was not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

On January 1, 2025, we adopted ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, on a prospective basis. Under this standard, specific categories in the rate reconciliation are disclosed and additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold are provided. Additionally, information pertaining to taxes paid (net of refunds received) is disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes with further disaggregation for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. We disclosed required disaggregated amounts and provided the required information, as reflected in Note 9.

We early adopted ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), on a prospective basis after the ASU was issued in September 2025. Under this standard, we capitalize costs for internal-use software based on criteria for projects that focuses on the probability of completion, based on management funding approval, and intended use. The effect of adoption of the new standard was not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40). The amendments in this update enhance disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and provide more detailed information about the

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

types of expenses included in certain notes in the Consolidated Financial Statements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this ASU on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements. The new standard aligns hedge accounting with the economics of an entity’s risk management activities and amends the existing requirement that hedges of groups of individual forecasted transactions that use a single derivative as the hedging instrument must share the same risk exposure to be accounted as a cash flow hedge. Instead, hedges of groups of individual forecasted transactions that use a single derivative as the hedging instrument need only share similar risk exposure to be accounted as a cash flow hedge, with the quantitative threshold consistent with the high effective threshold used in the assessment of cash flow hedges. The ASU also clarifies risk assessment approaches for risk exposures in a group of forecasted transactions. We are currently assessing the impact of this ASU on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Divestitures and Acquisitions

Pakistan Divestiture

On September 25, 2025, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell a 51 percent ownership interest in Rafhan Maize Products Co. Ltd. (the “Pakistan business”) to Nishat Group, a diversified group of companies headquartered in Lahore, Pakistan. On December 29, 2025, we amended the agreement to grant Nishat Group an option to purchase additional shares for commensurate consideration per share. We currently own 71 percent of the Pakistan business, whose financial results are consolidated and reported as part of All Other. On January 21, 2026, the World Bank’s International Finance Corporation approved financing to the Nishat Group for the proposed transaction, which remains subject to the satisfaction of specified closing conditions and receipt of regulatory approvals from the Competition Commission of Pakistan. In addition, the transaction is subject to the Nishat Group’s successful completion of a tender offer for shares of the Pakistan business on the Pakistani Stock Exchange and to action by the State Bank of Pakistan allowing us to receive our share of the sale proceeds in U.S. dollars. Based on the conditions required for the transaction to close, we have determined that the Pakistan business does not qualify for held for sale classification as of December 31, 2025.

South Korea Divestiture

On November 10, 2023, we entered into a definitive agreement for the sale of our South Korea business to an affiliate of the Sajo Group, a leading food company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, for 384 billion South Korean won, or approximately $294 million. Upon completion of the sale on February 1, 2024, we received 330 billion South Korean won, or $247 million, net of certain transaction costs, and an incremental $8 million working capital true-up in the third quarter of 2024. As a result, we recognized net pre-tax gains of $90 million in Net (gain) on sale of business in the Consolidated Statements of Income in 2024. The South Korea business generated operating income of $2 million in 2024 and $30 million in 2023.

As additional consideration for the sale, we received 18 billion South Korean won, or $12 million, in February 2025, and 18 billion South Korean won, or approximately $12 million, in February 2026. We expect to receive the final consideration payment of 18 billion South Korean won, or approximately $12 million, in February 2027. As of December 31, 2025, these were recorded in Accounts receivable, net and Other non-current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets .

PureCircle Acquisition

We purchased from minority shareholders in PureCircle Limited (“PureCircle”) an insignificant number of shares in 2025 and $40 million in 2024, which increased our ownership percentage to 98 percent as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, from 88 percent as of December 31, 2023. In December 2025, we issued notice to the remaining minority shareholders of our intent to exercise our option to buy the remaining shares for approximately $7 million, which we recorded as Redeemable non-controlling interests in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025. We expect to complete these purchases in the first quarter of 2026.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

3. Investments

Investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

As of December 31,

Equity method investments $ 117 $ 95

Equity investments 27 31

Marketable securities 6 5

In June 2025, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Agrana Sträke GmbH (“Agrana joint venture”), which provided us with a 49 percent equity interest in the joint venture for the development of starch production in Romania. In exchange for our stake in the Agrana joint venture, we paid $18 million of cash, net of post-closing adjustments. Our investment in the Agrana joint venture is classified as an equity method investment, and we recognize our share of net income one month in arrears in the Texture & Healthful Solutions segment.

Our equity method investments also include our 49 percent joint venture equity ownership in Ingrear Holding S.A. (“Argentina joint venture”), and we recognize our share of net income in the Argentina joint venture one month in arrears in the F&II–LATAM segment. In 2024, we received antitrust clearance to finalize the Argentina joint venture investment, subject to fulfillment of certain conditions to promote arms-length competition in the Argentina corn wet milling market, which must be completed through September 2029.

During 2024 and 2023, we recorded an other-than temporary impairment charge of $18 million and $10 million on our equity method investment with Amyris Inc. (the “Amyris joint venture”), which was recorded in the Restructuring/impairment charges on our Consolidated Statements of Income.

During 2025, we entered into new equity investments for $8 million of cash consideration. We also sold an equity investment at cost for $6 million and recorded $7 million of impairment charges on our equity investments.

4. Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment and All Other as of December 31, 2025 is presented below. There were no accumulated impairment charges by reportable segment and All Other.

T&HS F&II–LATAM F&II–U.S./Canada All Other Total

Currency translation adjustment 12 2 1 1 16

We concluded that as of our July 1, 2025 impairment assessment, there were no impairments to goodwill.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

Other Intangible Assets

A summary of other intangible assets was as follows:

December 31, 2025 Gross Accumulated Amortization Net

Trademarks/trade names (indefinite-lived) $ 143 $ — $ 143

Total other intangible assets $ 701 $ (354) $ 347

December 31, 2024 Gross Accumulated Amortization Net

Trademarks/trade names (indefinite-lived) $ 143 $ — $ 143

Total other intangible assets $ 682 $ (324) $ 358

Amortization expense related to our other intangible assets was $27 million in 2025, and $26 million in both 2024 and 2023. We concluded that as of our July 1, 2025 impairment assessment, there were no impairments to our indefinite-lived other intangible assets.

Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows:

5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We are exposed to market risk stemming from changes in commodity prices (primarily corn and natural gas), foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In the normal course of business, we actively manage our exposure to these market risks by entering various hedging transactions authorized under established policies that place controls on these activities. These transactions utilize exchange-traded derivatives or over-the-counter derivatives with investment grade counterparties. We use derivative financial instruments that consist of commodity-related futures, options and swap contracts, foreign currency-related forward contracts, interest rate swaps and treasury locks (“T-Locks”).

Commodity price hedging: Our principal use of derivative financial instruments is to manage commodity price risk relating to anticipated purchases of corn and natural gas that we intend to use in the manufacturing process, generally over the next twelve to twenty-four months. We maintain a commodity-price risk management strategy that uses derivative instruments to minimize significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations caused by commodity-price volatility. To manage price risk related to corn purchases primarily in North American countries in each of our F&II and T&HS segments, we use corn futures and option contracts that trade on regulated commodity exchanges to lock in corn costs associated with fixed-priced customer sales contracts. We use soybean oil and soybean meal futures contracts in North American countries in each of our F&II and T&HS segments that trade on regulated commodity exchanges to hedge sales of our co-

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

products. We also use over-the-counter natural gas swaps, primarily in North American countries in each of our F&II and T&HS segments, to hedge a portion of our natural gas usage. These derivative financial instruments limit the impact that volatility resulting from fluctuations in market prices will have on corn and natural gas purchases, as well as co-product sales. Our natural gas, soybean meal and the majority of our corn and soybean oil derivatives have been designated as cash flow hedging instruments. A portion of our corn and soybean oil derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes.

We had outstanding futures and option contracts that hedged the forecasted purchase of approximately 84 million and 105 million bushels of corn as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. We also had outstanding swap contracts that hedged the forecasted purchase of approximately 26 million and 24 million mmbtus of natural gas as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Foreign currency hedging: Due to our global operations, including operations in many emerging markets, we are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. As a result, we have exposure to translational foreign-exchange risk when the results of our foreign net assets and operations are translated to U.S. dollars and to transactional foreign-exchange risk when transactions not denominated in the functional currency are revalued. Our foreign-exchange risk management strategy uses derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options to manage our transactional foreign-exchange risk. We enter into foreign currency derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedging instruments as well as instruments not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes in order to mitigate transactional foreign-exchange risk.

We hedge certain assets using foreign currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $395 million and $408 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. We also hedge certain liabilities using foreign currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $192 million and $113 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

We hedge certain assets using foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $425 million and $447 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. We also hedge certain liabilities using foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments, which had a notional value of $358 million and $448 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Interest rate hedging: We assess our exposure to variability in interest rates by identifying and monitoring changes in interest rates that may adversely impact future cash flows and the fair value of existing debt instruments and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Our risk management strategy is to monitor interest rate risk attributable to our outstanding and forecasted debt obligations as well as our offsetting hedge positions. Derivative financial instruments that we have used to manage our interest rate risk consist of interest rate swaps and T-Locks.

We periodically enter into T-Locks to hedge our exposure to interest rate changes. We have settled T-Locks associated with the issuance of our senior notes due in 2030 and 2050. The realized loss upon settlement of these T-Locks was recorded in AOCL and is amortized into earnings over the term of the senior notes. We did not have open T-Locks as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges included in AOCL as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

(Losses) Gains included in AOCL as of December 31,

Commodity contracts, net of income tax effect of $3 and $— $ (7) $ (1)

Foreign currency contracts, net of income tax effect of $3 and $4 3 7

Interest rate contracts, net of income tax effect of $1 (1) (2)

Total $ (5) $ 4

As of December 31, 2025, AOCL included $4 million of net losses (net of income taxes of $1 million) on commodities-related derivative instruments, T-Locks and foreign currency hedges designated as cash flow hedges that are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

The fair value and balance sheet location of our derivative instruments, presented gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were as follows:

Fair Value of Hedging Instruments as of December 31, 2025

Designated Hedging Instruments Non-Designated Hedging Instruments

Accounts receivable, net $ 4 $ 13 $ 17 $ 1 $ 5 $ 6

Other non-current assets — — — — 1 1

Other non-current liabilities — — — — — —

Net Assets/(Liabilities) $ (9) $ 2 $ (7) $ — $ 3 $ 3

Fair Value of Hedging Instruments as of December 31, 2024

Designated Hedging Instruments Non-Designated Hedging Instruments

Other non-current assets 1 4 5 — 2 2

Other non-current liabilities — 2 2 — — —

Net Assets/(Liabilities) $ 11 $ 9 $ 20 $ — $ 11 $ 11

Additional information relating to our derivative instruments were as follows:

Commodity contracts $ (26) $ (62) $ (161) Cost of sales $ (17) $ (124) $ (87)

Foreign currency contracts 17 14 10 Net sales/Cost of sales 22 4 10

Interest rate contracts — — — Financing costs (1) — (1)

6. Fair Value Measurements

We measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, we use various valuation approaches. The hierarchy of those valuation approaches is in three levels based on the reliability of inputs. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Below is a summary of the hierarchy levels:

•Level 1 inputs consist of quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

•Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented below:

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

Marketable securities $ 6 $ — $ — $ 6 $ 5 $ — $ — $ 5

The carrying values of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings approximate fair values. Commodity futures, options and swap contracts are recognized at fair value. Foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options are also recognized at fair value. The fair value of our Long-term debt is estimated based on quotations of major securities dealers who are market makers in the securities. See Note 10 for information on the fair value of pension plan assets.

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Ingredion Incorporated

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

7. Financing Arrangements

We had total debt outstanding of $1.8 billion at both December 31, 2025 and 2024. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, our other short-term and other long-term borrowings consisted primarily of amounts outstanding under various term loans or unsecured local country operating lines of credit.

On August 27, 2025, we entered into a new revolving credit agreement to replace the previous revolving credit agreement, which was terminated as of the same date. The new revolving credit facility agreement provides for a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion outstanding at any time. The facility will mature on August 27, 2030. Loans under the revolving credit facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal, at our option, to either a term rate based upon the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable margin, or a base rate (generally determined according to the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or the one-month term SOFR rate plus 1.00%) plus an applicable margin. No borrowings were outstanding under the facility as of December 31, 2025.

We maintain a commercial paper program under which we may issue senior unsecured notes of short maturities up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion outstanding at any time. The notes may be sold from time to time on customary terms in the U.S. commercial paper market. We use the note proceeds for general corporate purposes. During 2025, there was no commercial paper activity and no outstanding balance. During 2024, the average amount of commercial paper outstanding was $31 million with an average interest rate of 5.51 percent and a weighted average maturity of 8 days. As of December 31, 2024, we had no commercial paper outstanding. The amount of commercial paper outstanding under this program in 2026 is expected to fluctuate. The commercial paper program is backed by up to $1.0 billion of borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility.

Presented below are our debt carrying amounts, net of related discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs and fair values as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

CarryingValue FairValue CarryingValue FairValue

Revolving credit agreement — — — —

Other long-term borrowings 1 1 47 47

Commercial paper — — — —

(i)The senior note due October 1, 2026 is classified as a long-term note as we have the intent and ability to refinance on a long-term basis.

We guarantee certain obligations of our consolidated subsidiaries, which aggregated to $39 million and $35 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

8. Leases

The components of lease expense for 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

Operating lease expense $ 71 $ 67 $ 63

Variable operating lease expense 19 17 26

Short term lease expense 4 4 3

Total lease expense $ 94 $ 88 $ 92

We have operating leases for certain rail cars, office spaces, warehouses and machinery and equipment. We currently have no finance leases. The following is a reconciliation of future undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities and the related operating lease assets as presented within Other non-current liabilities and Other non-current assets, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025:

Thereafter 20

Total future lease payments 194

Less: imputed interest 13

Present value of future lease payments 181

Less: current lease liabilities 63

Non-current operating lease liabilities $ 118

Operating lease assets $ 177

Supplemental cash flow information arising from lease transactions is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 72 $ 68

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:

Operating leases $ 40 $ 55

Year Ended December 31,

Lease term and discount rate

Weighted average remaining lease term 4.4 years 4.8 years

Weighted average discount rate 4.8 % 4.6 %

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

9. Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes and the provision for income taxes for 2025, 2024 and 2023 are presented below:

Income before income taxes:

Provision for income taxes:

Current tax expense:

State and local 6 6 5

Deferred tax expense (benefit):

U.S. federal 7 11 —

State and local 3 2 1

Total deferred tax expense (benefit) 6 (15) (6)

Total provision for income taxes $ 238 $ 277 $ 188

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, consisted of the following:

U.S. federal $ 47

State and local 7

Foreign:

Colombia 25

All other foreign 57

Total income taxes paid, net of refunds $ 389

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Significant temporary differences as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

Deferred tax assets attributable to:

Employee benefit accruals $ 33 $ 31

Pensions and postretirement plans 14 9

Lease liabilities 48 51

Allowance for credit losses 3 3

Inventory reserve 15 16

Net operating loss carryforwards 47 51

Tax credit carryforwards 9 7

Derivative contracts 1 —

Uniform capitalization 11 8

Equity method investments 2 9

Total deferred tax assets 237 231

Valuation allowances (52) (60)

Net deferred tax assets $ 185 $ 171