Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows may be impacted by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including those set forth below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, any one of which may cause our actual results to differ materially from anticipated results:
Strategic, Business and Operational Risks
We may not be able to effectively execute our acquisition strategy, which could slow our growth.
A key element of our strategy is growth through the acquisition of additional companies. Our acquisition strategy is affected by and poses a number of challenges and risks, including the following:
•Availability of suitable acquisition candidates;
•Availability of capital;
•Diversion of management’s attention;
•Effective integration of the operations and personnel of acquired companies;
•Potential write-downs of acquired intangible assets;
•Potential loss of key employees of acquired companies;
•Use of a significant portion of our available cash;
•Significant dilution to our shareholders for acquisitions made utilizing our securities; and
•Consummation of acquisitions on satisfactory terms.
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We may not be able to successfully execute our acquisition strategy, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success is dependent on the development and manufacture of new products, equipment and services. Our inability to develop, manufacture and introduce new products and services at profitable pricing levels could reduce our sales or sales growth.
The aviation, defense, space, medical, telecommunications and electronics industries are constantly undergoing development and change and, accordingly, new products, equipment and methods of repair and overhaul service are likely to be introduced in the future. In addition to manufacturing electronic and electro-optical equipment and selected aerospace and defense components for OEMs and the U.S. government and repairing jet engine and aircraft components, we re-design sophisticated aircraft replacement parts originally developed by OEMs so that we can offer the replacement parts for sale at substantially lower prices than those manufactured by the OEMs. Consequently, we devote substantial resources to research and product development. Technological development poses a number of challenges and risks, including the following:
•We may not be able to successfully protect the proprietary interests we have in various aircraft parts, electronic and electro-optical equipment and our repair processes;
•As OEMs continue to develop and improve jet engines and aircraft components, we may not be able to re-design and manufacture replacement parts that perform as well as those offered by OEMs or we may not be able to profitably sell our replacement parts at lower prices than the OEMs;
•We may need to expend significant capital to:
- purchase new equipment and machines,
- train employees in new methods of production and service, and
- fund the research and development of new products; and
•Development by our competitors of patents or methodologies that preclude us from the design and manufacture of aircraft replacement parts or electrical and electro-optical equipment could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, we may not be able to successfully develop new products, equipment or methods of repair and overhaul service, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Intense competition from existing and new competitors may harm our business.
We face significant competition in each of our businesses.
Flight Support Group
•For jet engine and aircraft component replacement parts, we compete with the industry’s leading jet engine and aircraft component OEMs.
•For the distribution, overhaul and repair of jet engine and aircraft components and avionics and navigation systems as well as the manufacture of specialty aircraft and defense related parts, we compete with:
- major commercial airlines, many of which operate their own maintenance and overhaul units;
- OEMs, which manufacture, distribute, repair and overhaul their own and other OEM parts; and
- other independent service companies.
Electronic Technologies Group
•For the design and manufacture of various types of electronic, data and microwave, and electro-optical equipment products, we compete in a fragmented marketplace with a number of companies, some of which are well capitalized.
Many of the industries serviced by our operating segments are highly fragmented, have several highly visible leading companies, and are characterized by intense competition. Some of our OEM competitors have greater name recognition than HEICO, as well as complementary lines of business and financial, marketing and other resources that HEICO does not have. In addition, OEMs, aircraft maintenance providers, leasing companies and FAA-certificated repair facilities may attempt to bundle their services and product offerings in the supply industry, thereby significantly increasing industry competition. Moreover, our smaller competitors may be able to offer more attractive pricing of parts as a result of lower labor costs or other factors. A variety of potential actions by any of our competitors, including a reduction of product prices or the establishment by competitors of long-term relationships with new or existing customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Competition typically intensifies during cyclical downturns in the aviation industry, when supply may exceed demand. We may not be able to continue to compete effectively against present or future competitors, and competitive pressures may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The inability to obtain certain components and raw materials from suppliers could harm our business.
Our business is affected by the availability and price of the raw materials and component parts that we use to manufacture our products. Our ability to manage inventory and meet
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delivery requirements may be constrained by our suppliers’ ability to adjust delivery of long-lead time products during times of volatile demand. The supply chains for our business could also be disrupted by external events such as natural disasters, extreme weather events, pandemics, labor disputes, governmental actions and legislative or regulatory changes. As a result, our suppliers may fail to perform according to specifications when required and we may be unable to identify alternate suppliers or to otherwise mitigate the consequences of their non-performance.
Transitions to new suppliers may result in significant costs and delays, including those related to the required recertification of parts obtained from new suppliers with our customers and/or regulatory agencies. Our inability to fill our supply needs could jeopardize our ability to fulfill obligations under customer contracts, which could result in reduced revenues and profits, contract penalties or terminations, and damage to customer relationships. Further, increased costs of such raw materials or components could reduce our profits if we were unable to pass along such price increases to our customers.
Product specification costs and requirements could cause an increase to our costs to complete contracts.
The costs to meet customer specifications and requirements could result in us having to spend more to design or manufacture products and this could reduce our profit margins on current contracts or those we obtain in the future.
We may incur damages or disruption to our business caused by natural disasters and other factors that may not be covered by insurance.
Several of our facilities, as a result of their locations, could be subject to a catastrophic loss caused by hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, fire, power loss, telecommunication and information systems failure, political unrest or similar events. Our corporate headquarters and facilities located in Florida are particularly susceptible to hurricanes, storms, tornadoes or other natural disasters that could disrupt our operations, delay production and shipments, and result in large expenses to repair or replace the facility or facilities. Should insurance or other risk transfer mechanisms, such as our existing disaster recovery and business continuity plans, be insufficient to recover all costs, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to the risks associated with sales to foreign customers, which could harm our business.
We market our products and services to approximately 115 countries, with approximately 36% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal 2021 derived from sales to foreign customers. We expect that sales to foreign customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future. As a result, we are subject to risks of doing business internationally, including the following:
•Fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
•Volatility in foreign political, regulatory, and economic environments;
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•Ability to obtain required export licenses or approvals;
•Uncertainty of the ability of foreign customers to finance purchases;
•Uncertainties and restrictions concerning the availability of funding credit or guarantees;
•Imposition of taxes, export controls, tariffs, embargoes and other trade restrictions; and
•Compliance with a variety of international laws, as well as U.S. laws affecting the activities of U.S. companies abroad such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
While the impact of these factors is difficult to predict, any one or more of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Cyber security events or other disruptions of our information technology systems could adversely affect our business.
We rely on information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of critical business processes and activities. We also collect and store sensitive data, including confidential business information and personal data. These systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to attacks by computer hackers, computer viruses, employee error or malfeasance, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication or utility failures, catastrophes or other unforeseen events. In addition, security breaches of our systems could result in the misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or personal data belonging to us or to our employees, partners, customers or suppliers. Any such events could disrupt our operations, delay production and shipments, result in defective products or services, damage customer relationships and our reputation and result in legal claims or proceedings that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not have the administrative, operational or financial resources to continue to grow the company.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods and intend to continue to pursue an aggressive growth strategy, both through acquisitions and internal expansion of products and services. Our growth to date has placed, and could continue to place, significant demands on our administrative, operational and financial resources. We may not be able to grow effectively or manage our growth successfully, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Goodwill and other intangible assets represent a significant portion of our total assets, and we may never realize the full value of our intangible assets.
As a result of our acquisitions, goodwill and intangible assets represent a significant portion of our total assets. As of October 31, 2021 and 2020, goodwill and intangible assets, net of amortization, accounted for 58% and 55% of our total assets, respectively. We test our goodwill and intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully
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recoverable. We may not realize the full value of our goodwill and intangible assets, and to the extent that impairment has occurred, we would be required to recognize the impaired portion of such assets in our earnings. An impairment of a significant portion of such assets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of these key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our success.
Our success substantially depends on the performance, contributions and expertise of our senior management team led by Laurans A. Mendelson, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Eric A. Mendelson and Victor H. Mendelson, our Co-Presidents. Technical employees are also critical to our research and product development, as well as our ability to continue to re-design sophisticated products of OEMs in order to sell competing replacement parts at substantially lower prices than those manufactured by the OEMs. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees or our inability to continue to attract or retain the necessary personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our executive officers and directors have significant influence over our management and direction.
As of December 20, 2021, collectively our executive officers and entities controlled by them, the HEICO Savings and Investment Plan (our 401(k) Plan) and members of the Board of Directors beneficially owned approximately 19% of our outstanding Common Stock and approximately 4% of our outstanding Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, they will be able to substantially influence the election of the Board of Directors and control our business, policies and affairs, including our position with respect to proposed business combinations and attempted takeovers.
Industry and Macroeconomic Risks
Our success is highly dependent on the performance of the aviation industry, which could be impacted by lower demand for commercial air travel or airline fleet changes causing lower demand for our goods and services.
General global industry and economic conditions that affect the aviation industry also affect our business. We are subject to macroeconomic cycles and when recessions occur, we may experience reduced orders, payment delays, supply chain disruptions or other factors as a result of the economic challenges faced by our customers, prospective customers and suppliers. Further, the aviation industry has historically been subject to downward cycles from time to time which reduce the overall demand for jet engine and aircraft component replacement parts and repair and overhaul services, and such downward cycles result in lower sales and greater credit risk. Demand for commercial air travel can be influenced by airline industry profitability, world trade policies, government-to-government relations, terrorism, disease outbreaks, environmental constraints imposed upon aircraft operations, technological changes, price and other competitive
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factors. These global industry and economic conditions may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The retirement or prolonged grounding of commercial aircraft could reduce our revenues and the value of any related inventory.
Our Flight Support Group designs and manufactures jet engine and aircraft component replacement parts and also repairs, overhauls and distributes jet engine and aircraft components. If aircraft or engines for which we offer replacement parts or supply repair and overhaul services are retired or grounded for prolonged periods of time and there are fewer aircraft that require these parts or services, our revenues may decline as well as the value of any related inventory.
Reductions in defense, space or homeland security spending by U.S. and/or foreign customers could reduce our revenues.
In fiscal 2021, approximately 63% of the net sales of our Electronic Technologies Group were derived from the sale of defense, commercial and defense satellite and spacecraft components, and homeland security products. A decline in defense, space or homeland security budgets or additional restrictions imposed by the U.S. government on sales of products or services to foreign military agencies could lower sales of our products and services.
We are subject to risks arising from the COVID-19 global pandemic (the "Pandemic").
Our results of operations in fiscal 2021 were adversely impacted by the Pandemic. A pandemic or other public health epidemic, poses the risk that we or our employees, customers, suppliers, manufacturers and other commercial partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including due to the spread of the disease or shutdowns requested or mandated by governmental authorities.
With respect to our results of operations, approximately 61% of our net sales in fiscal 2021 were derived from defense, space and other industrial markets including electronics, medical and telecommunications. The remaining portion of our net sales is derived from commercial aviation products and services. Most notably, this portion of our business continues to be moderated by the ongoing depressed commercial aerospace market as compared to pre-Pandemic levels. Additionally, recent cost inflation and potential supply chain disruptions stemming from the Pandemic may lead to higher material costs in fiscal 2022.
The extent to which the Pandemic may have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on many factors that are not within HEICO’s control, including but not limited to the duration, spread and severity of the Pandemic, government responses and other actions to mitigate the spread of and to treat the Pandemic, and when and to what extent normal business, economic and social activity and conditions resume.
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Regulatory and Legal Risks
We are subject to governmental regulation and our failure to comply with these regulations could cause the government to withdraw, suspend or revoke our authorizations and approvals to do business and could subject us to penalties and sanctions that could harm our business.
Governmental agencies throughout the world, including the FAA, highly regulate the manufacture, repair and overhaul of aircraft parts and accessories. We include, with the replacement parts that we sell to our customers, documentation certifying that each part complies with applicable regulatory requirements and meets applicable standards of airworthiness established by the FAA or the equivalent regulatory agencies in other countries. In addition, our repair and overhaul operations are subject to certification pursuant to regulations established by the FAA. Specific regulations vary from country to country, although compliance with FAA requirements generally satisfies regulatory requirements in other countries. The revocation or suspension of any of our material authorizations or approvals would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. New and more stringent government regulations, if adopted and enacted, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, certain product sales to foreign countries of our Electronic Technologies Group and Flight Support Group require export approval or licensing from the United States ("U.S.") government. Denial of export licenses could reduce our sales to those countries and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated disclosure requirements regarding the use of certain minerals (tantalum, tin, gold and tungsten), known as conflict minerals, which are mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or another Covered Country. There are costs associated with complying with the disclosure requirements, such as costs related to determining the source of certain minerals used in our products, as well as costs of possible changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. Given the complexity of our supply chain, we may not be able to ascertain the origin of these minerals used in our products in a timely manner, which could cause some of our customers to disqualify us as a supplier to the extent we are unable to certify our products are conflict mineral free. Additionally, the rule could affect sourcing at competitive prices and availability in sufficient quantities of such minerals used in our manufacturing processes for certain products.
Also, in foreign countries in which we have operations or business, a risk exists that our associates, contractors or agents could, in contravention of our policies and compliance programs, engage in business practices prohibited by U.S. laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), or the laws and regulations of other countries, such as the United Kingdom Bribery Act. Any such violations could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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Tax changes could affect our effective tax rate and future profitability.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, multiple state jurisdictions and certain jurisdictions outside the U.S. In fiscal 2021, our effective tax rate was 14.8%. Our future effective tax rate may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the following:
•Changes in statutory tax rates in any of the various jurisdictions where we file tax returns;
•Changes in available tax credits or tax deductions;
•Changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws including interpretations, amendments and technical corrections of the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act;
•Changes to the accounting for income taxes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
•The amount of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in our subsidiaries structured as partnerships;
•Changes in the mix of earnings in jurisdictions with differing statutory tax rates;
•Adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns;
•Resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various tax authorities; and
•The reversal of any previously experienced tax-exempt unrealized gains in the cash surrender values of life insurance policies related to the HEICO Corporation Leadership Compensation Plan, a nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
Any significant increase in our future effective tax rates could have a material adverse effect on net income for future periods.
We may incur product liability claims that are not fully insured and such insurance may not be available at commercially reasonable rates.
Our jet engine and aircraft component replacement parts and repair and overhaul services expose our business to potential liabilities for personal injury or death as a result of the failure of an aircraft component that we have designed, manufactured or serviced. While we maintain liability insurance to protect us from future product liability claims, an uninsured or partially insured claim, or a claim for which third-party indemnification is not available, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, our customers typically require us to maintain substantial insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates and our inability to obtain insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We may incur environmental liabilities and these liabilities may not be covered by insurance.
Our operations and facilities are subject to a number of federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, which govern, among other things, the discharge of hazardous materials into the air and water as well as the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials. Pursuant to various environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous
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materials. Environmental laws typically impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of hazardous materials in the environment. Although management believes that our operations and facilities are in material compliance with environmental laws and regulations, future changes in them or interpretations thereof or the nature of our operations may require us to make significant additional capital expenditures to ensure compliance in the future.
We carry limited specific environmental insurance, thus, losses could occur for uninsurable or uninsured risks or in amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. The occurrence of an event that is not covered in full or in part by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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Item 2. PROPERTIES
We own or lease a number of facilities, which are utilized by our Flight Support Group (“FSG”), Electronic Technologies Group (“ETG”), and corporate offices. As of October 31, 2021, all of the facilities listed below were in good operating condition, well maintained and in regular use. We believe that our existing facilities are sufficient to meet our operational needs for the foreseeable future. Summary information on the facilities utilized within the FSG, ETG and our corporate offices to support their principal operating activities is as follows:
Square Footage
Location Leased Owned Description
Flight Support Group
Electronic Technologies Group
Corporate
United States facilities (1 state) — 7,000 (1) Administrative offices
(1)Represents the square footage of our corporate offices in Miami, Florida. The square footage of our corporate headquarters in Hollywood, Florida is included within Square Footage-Owned of the caption “United States facilities (14 states)” under Flight Support Group.
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Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On April 20, 2021, an indirect subsidiary of HEICO Flight Support Corp., which was acquired in June 2020, received a grand jury subpoena from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California requiring the production of documents for the time period December 1, 2017 through February 4, 2019 related to the subsidiary's employment of a certain individual and its performance of work on certain Navy vessels during that time period. We are cooperating with the investigation. We have completed our production of documents responsive to the subpoena, although we have a continuing obligation to produce such documents should any be located. At this early stage in the investigation, we cannot predict the outcome of the investigation or when the investigation will ultimately be resolved; nor can we reasonably estimate the possible range of loss or impact to our business, if any, that may result from this matter.
With the exception of the matter noted above, we are involved in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. Based upon our and our legal counsel’s evaluations of any claims or assessments, management is of the opinion that the outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our Class A Common Stock and Common Stock are listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “HEI.A” and “HEI,” respectively.
As of December 20, 2021, there were 282 holders of record of our Common Stock and 288 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock.
Performance Graphs
The following graph and table compare the total return on $100 invested in HEICO Common Stock and HEICO Class A Common Stock with the total return on $100 invested in the NYSE Composite Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Aerospace Index for the five-year period from October 31, 2016 through October 31, 2021. The NYSE Composite Index measures the
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performance of all common stocks listed on the NYSE. The Dow Jones U.S. Aerospace Index is comprised of large companies which make aircraft, major weapons, radar and other defense equipment and systems as well as providers of satellites and spacecraft used for defense purposes. The total returns include the reinvestment of cash dividends.
Cumulative Total Return as of October 31,
The following graph and table compare the total return on $100 invested in HEICO Common Stock since October 31, 1990 using the same indices shown on the five-year performance graph above. October 31, 1990 was the end of the first fiscal year following the date the current executive management team assumed leadership of the Company. No Class A Common Stock was outstanding as of October 31, 1990. As with the five-year performance graph, the total returns include the reinvestment of cash dividends.
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Cumulative Total Return as of October 31,
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Cumulative Total Return as of October 31,
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
There were no issuer purchases of our equity securities during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
There were no unregistered sales of our equity securities during fiscal 2021.
Dividend Policy
We have historically paid semi-annual cash dividends on both our Class A Common Stock and Common Stock. In July 2021, we paid our 86th consecutive semi-annual cash dividend since 1979 of $.09 per share, which represented a 12.5% increase over the prior semiannual cash dividend of $.08 per share paid in January 2021. In December 2021, our Board of Directors declared a regular semi-annual cash dividend of $.09 per share payable in January 2022.
Our Board of Directors will continue to review our dividend policy and will regularly evaluate whether dividends should be paid in cash or stock, as well as what amounts should be paid. Our ability to pay dividends could be affected by future business performance, liquidity, capital needs, alternative investment opportunities and loan covenants under our revolving credit facility.
Item 6. [Reserved]
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Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
Our business is comprised of two operating segments, the Flight Support Group (“FSG”) and the Electronic Technologies Group (“ETG”).
The FSG consists of HEICO Aerospace Holdings Corp. (“HEICO Aerospace”), which is 80% owned, and HEICO Flight Support Corp., which is wholly owned, and their collective subsidiaries, which primarily:
•Designs, Manufactures, Repairs, Overhauls and Distributes Jet Engine and Aircraft Component Replacement Parts. The FSG designs and manufactures jet engine and aircraft component replacement parts, which are approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”). In addition, the FSG repairs, overhauls and distributes jet engine and aircraft components, avionics and instruments for domestic and foreign commercial air carriers and aircraft repair companies as well as military and business aircraft operators. The FSG also manufactures and sells specialty parts as a subcontractor for aerospace and industrial original equipment manufacturers and the United States ("U.S.") government. Additionally, the FSG is a leading supplier, distributor, and integrator of military aircraft parts and support services primarily to foreign military organizations allied with the U.S. and a leading manufacturer of advanced niche components and complex composite assemblies for commercial aviation, defense and space applications. Further, the FSG engineers, designs and manufactures thermal insulation blankets and parts as well as removable/reusable insulation systems for aerospace, defense, commercial and industrial applications; manufactures expanded foil mesh for lightning strike protection in fixed and rotary wing aircraft; distributes aviation electrical interconnect products and electromechanical parts; overhauls industrial pumps, motors, and other hydraulic units with a focus on the support of legacy systems for the U.S. Navy; and performs tight-tolerance machining, brazing, fabricating and welding services for aerospace, defense and other industrial applications.
The ETG consists of HEICO Electronic Technologies Corp. (“HEICO Electronic”) and its subsidiaries, which primarily:
•Designs and Manufactures Electronic, Microwave and Electro-Optical Equipment,High-Speed Interface Products, High Voltage Interconnection Devices, EMI and RFI Shielding and Filters, High Voltage Advanced Power Electronics, Power Conversion Products, Underwater Locator Beacons, Memory Products, Self-Sealing Auxiliary Fuel Systems, Active Antenna Systems and TSCM Equipment. The ETG collectively designs, manufactures and sells various types of electronic, data and microwave, and electro-optical products, including infrared simulation and test equipment, laser rangefinder receivers, electrical power supplies, back-up power supplies, power conversion products, underwater locator beacons, emergency locator transmission beacons, flight deck annunciators, panels
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and indicators, electromagnetic and radio frequency interference shielding and filters, high power capacitor charging power supplies, amplifiers, traveling wave tube amplifiers, photodetectors, amplifier modules, microwave power modules, flash lamp drivers, laser diode drivers, arc lamp power supplies, custom power supply designs, cable assemblies, high voltage power supplies, high voltage interconnection devices and wire, high voltage energy generators, high frequency power delivery systems; memory products, including three-dimensional microelectronic and stacked memory, static random-access memory (SRAM) and electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM); harsh environment electronic connectors and other interconnect products, RF and microwave amplifiers, transmitters, and receivers and integrated assemblies, sub-assemblies and components; RF sources, detectors and controllers, wireless cabin control systems, solid state power distribution and management systems, crashworthy and ballistically self-sealing auxiliary fuel systems, nuclear radiation detectors, communications and electronic intercept receivers and tuners, fuel level sensing systems, high-speed interface products that link devices, high performance active antenna systems for commercial aircraft, precision guided munitions, other defense applications and commercial uses; silicone material for a variety of demanding applications; precision power analog monolithic, hybrid and open frame components; high-reliability ceramic-to-metal feedthroughs and connectors, technical surveillance countermeasures (TSCM) equipment to detect devices used for espionage and information theft; and rugged small-form factor embedded computing solutions.
Our results of operations in fiscal 2021 continue to reflect the adverse impact from the COVID-19 global pandemic (the “Pandemic”). Most notably, demand for our commercial aviation products and services continues to be moderated by the ongoing depressed commercial aerospace market as compared to pre-Pandemic levels. We experienced a significant improvement in operating results in the second half of fiscal 2021 as compared to the second half of fiscal 2020. The second half of fiscal 2020 was the period in which our results of operations were most negatively affected by the Pandemic’s impact. Since then, the Flight Support Group has reported five consecutive quarters of improvement in net sales and operating income resulting from signs of commercial air travel recovery in certain domestic travel markets, but only minimal recovery in international travel markets.
Additionally, our results of operations in fiscal 2021 have been affected by recent acquisitions as further detailed in Note 2, Acquisitions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Presentation of Results of Operations and Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following discussion and analysis of our Results of Operations and Liquidity and Capital Resources includes a comparison of fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2020. A similar discussion and analysis that compares fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2019 may be found in Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the results of our operations, net sales and operating income by segment and the percentage of net sales represented by the respective items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):
Year ended October 31,
Net sales by segment:
Operating income by segment:
Selling, general and administrative expenses 17.9 % 17.1 %
Interest expense .4 % .7 %
Other income .1 % .1 %
Income tax expense 3.1 % 1.6 %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 1.4 % 1.2 %
Net income attributable to HEICO 16.3 % 17.6 %
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Comparison of Fiscal 2021 to Fiscal 2020
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales in fiscal 2021 increased by 4% to $1,865.7 million, up from net sales of $1,787.0 million in fiscal 2020. The increase in consolidated net sales principally reflects an increase of $84.2 million (a 10% increase) to a record $959.2 million in net sales within the ETG and an increase of $2.3 million to $927.1 million in net sales within the FSG. The net sales increase in the ETG principally reflects $48.9 million contributed by our fiscal 2020 and 2021 acquisitions as well as organic growth of 3%. The ETG's organic growth is mainly attributable to increased demand for our other electronic and medical products resulting in net sales increases of $32.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively, partially offset by decreased demand for our commercial aerospace and space products resulting in net sales decreases of $4.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The net sales increase in the FSG principally reflects $21.0 million contributed by our fiscal 2021 and 2020 acquisitions, partially offset by an $18.7 million decrease in organic net sales. The FSG's organic decrease is mainly attributable to lower demand for our specialty products product line resulting in a $32.9 million decrease in net sales, partially offset by increased demand within our repair and overhaul services product line resulting in a net sales increase of $12.7 million. Sales price changes were not a significant contributing factor to the change in net sales of the ETG and FSG in fiscal 2021.
Our net sales in fiscal 2021 and 2020 by market consisted of approximately 39% and 41% from the commercial aviation industry, respectively, 44% from the defense and space industries in both periods, and 17% and 15% from other industrial markets including electronics, medical and telecommunications, respectively.
Gross Profit and Operating Expenses
Our consolidated gross profit margin increased to 39.0% in fiscal 2021, up from 38.2% in fiscal 2020 principally reflecting an increase of 1.7% in the FSG's gross profit margin, partially offset by a decrease of .8% in the ETG's gross profit margin. The increase in the FSG's gross profit margin reflects a 1.1% benefit from a $10.2 million decrease in inventory obsolescence expense. The FSG recognized higher inventory obsolescence expenses in fiscal 2020 following the announced retirement of certain aircraft types and engine platforms by our commercial aerospace customers due to the Pandemic's financial impact. Additionally, the increase in the FSG's gross profit margin reflects a more favorable product mix and higher net sales within our repair and overhaul services and aftermarket replacement parts product lines, partially offset by the previously mentioned lower net sales within our specialty products product line. The decrease in the ETG's gross profit margin principally reflects a decrease in net sales of defense and space products, partially offset by the previously mentioned increase in net sales of other electronic products. Total new product research and development expenses included within our consolidated cost of sales were $68.9 million in fiscal 2021, up from $65.6 million in fiscal 2020.
Our consolidated selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses were $334.5 million in fiscal 2021, as compared to $305.5 million in fiscal 2020. The increase in
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consolidated SG&A expenses reflects $25.6 million of higher performance-based compensation expense and $13.9 million attributable to the fiscal 2020 and 2021 acquisitions, partially offset by an $11.6 million reduction in bad debt expense. The Company recognized higher bad debt expense in fiscal 2020 due to potential collection difficulties from certain commercial aviation customers that filed for bankruptcy protection during fiscal 2020 as a result of the Pandemic's financial impact.
Our consolidated SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales was 17.9% in fiscal 2021, as compared to 17.1% in fiscal 2020. The increase in consolidated SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales principally reflects a 1.4% impact from higher performance-based compensation expense, partially offset by a .6% decrease from lower bad debt expense.
Operating Income
Our consolidated operating income increased by 4% to $392.9 million in fiscal 2021, up from $376.6 million in fiscal 2020. The increase in consolidated operating income principally reflects an $18.5 million increase (a 7% increase) to a record $277.3 million in operating income of the ETG as well as an $8.9 million increase (a 6% increase) to $151.9 million in operating income of the FSG. The increase in operating income of the ETG principally reflects the previously mentioned net sales growth, partially offset by the previously mentioned lower gross profit margin. The increase in operating income of the FSG principally reflects the previously mentioned improved gross profit margin and an $11.5 million decrease in bad debt expense, partially offset by $16.2 million of higher performance-based compensation expense. The increase in consolidated operating income was partially offset by $9.1 million of higher corporate expenses mainly attributable to an increase in performance-based compensation expense.
Our consolidated operating income as a percentage of net sales was 21.1% in both fiscal 2021 and 2020. The FSG's operating income as a percentage of net sales increased to 16.4% in fiscal 2021, up from 15.5% in fiscal 2020. The increase in the FSG's operating income as a percentage of net sales principally reflects a 2.3% aggregate impact from the previously mentioned decrease in bad debt expense and inventory obsolescence expense, partially offset by a 1.7% impact from the previously mentioned higher performance-based compensation expense. The ETG's operating income as a percentage of net sales was 28.9% in fiscal 2021, as compared to 29.6% in fiscal 2020. The decrease in the ETG's operating income as a percentage of net sales principally reflects the previously mentioned lower gross profit margin.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased to $7.3 million in fiscal 2021, down from $13.2 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease was principally due to a lower weighted average interest rate as well as a lower weighted average balance of borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
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Other Income
Other income in fiscal 2021 and 2020 was not material.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2021 was 14.8%, as compared to 7.9% in fiscal 2020. We recognized a discrete tax benefit from stock option exercises in fiscal 2021 and 2020 of $14.2 million and $48.3 million, respectively. The tax benefit from stock option exercises in both years was the result of strong appreciation in HEICO's stock price during the optionees' holding periods and the $34.1 million larger benefit recognized in fiscal 2020 was the result of more stock options exercised. Additionally, our effective tax rate in fiscal 2021 reflects the favorable impact of higher tax-exempt unrealized gains in the cash surrender values of life insurance policies related to the HEICO Corporation Leadership Compensation Plan ("LCP").
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests relates to the 20% noncontrolling interest held by Lufthansa Technik AG in HEICO Aerospace Holdings Corp. and the noncontrolling interests held by others in certain subsidiaries of the FSG and ETG. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $25.5 million in fiscal 2021, as compared to $21.9 million in fiscal 2020. The increase in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in fiscal 2021 principally reflects higher allocations of net income to noncontrolling interests as a result of certain fiscal 2020 and 2021 acquisitions as well as an increase in the operating results of certain subsidiaries of the FSG and ETG in which noncontrolling interests are held.
Net Income Attributable to HEICO
Net income attributable to HEICO was $304.2 million, or $2.21 per diluted share, in fiscal 2021, as compared to $314.0 million, or $2.29 per diluted share, in fiscal 2020, principally reflecting the previously mentioned higher income tax expense, partially offset by the previously mentioned increase in operating income of the ETG and FSG, and lower interest expense.
Outlook
Looking ahead to fiscal 2022, we expect the commercial air travel recovery to continue, particularly in certain domestic travel markets, while less so in international markets, even though the Pandemic will likely continue to adversely impact the commercial aerospace industry and HEICO. International markets have not recovered to the extent of domestic markets, and while we are confident of their future recovery and the potential sales increase, the timing is uncertain. Additionally, recent cost inflation and potential supply chain disruptions stemming from the Pandemic may lead to higher material and labor costs. We remain cautiously optimistic that the ongoing worldwide rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, including boosters, will continue to positively influence commercial air travel and benefit the markets we serve. But, it still remains very difficult to predict the Pandemic’s path and effect, including factors like new variants and
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vaccination rates, which can impact our key markets. Therefore, we feel it would not be responsible to provide fiscal 2022 net sales and earnings guidance at this time. However, we believe our ongoing conservative policies, strong balance sheet, and high degree of liquidity enable us to invest in new research and development, execute on our successful acquisition program, and position HEICO for market share gains.
Inflation
We have generally experienced increases in our costs of labor, materials and services consistent with overall rates of inflation. The impact of such increases on net income attributable to HEICO has been generally minimized by efforts to lower costs through manufacturing efficiencies and cost reductions as well as selective price increases.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes our capitalization (in thousands):
As of October 31,
Total debt to total capitalization 9% 27%
Our principal uses of cash include acquisitions, capital expenditures, cash dividends, distributions to noncontrolling interests and working capital needs. Capital expenditures in fiscal 2022 are anticipated to approximate $45 million. We finance our activities primarily from our operating and financing activities, including borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
As of December 20, 2021, we had approximately $1,259 million of unused committed availability under the terms of our revolving credit facility. Based on our current outlook, we believe that net cash provided by operating activities and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $444.1 million in fiscal 2021 and consisted primarily of net income from consolidated operations of $329.8 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $93.0 million (a non-cash item), net changes in other long-term liabilities and assets related to the LCP of $12.8 million (principally participant deferrals and employer contributions), $10.1 million in employer contributions to the HEICO Savings and
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Investment Plan (a non-cash item), and $9.1 million in share-based compensation expense (a non-cash item), partially offset by a $15.6 million deferred income tax benefit.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $35.0 million in fiscal 2021, up from $409.1 million in fiscal 2020. The increase is principally attributable to a $50.1 million decrease in net working capital, partially offset by a $9.6 million increase in deferred income tax benefits and a $6.1 million decrease in net income from consolidated operations. The decrease in net working capital primarily resulted from the payment of less performance-based compensation expense in fiscal 2021 resulting from the lower fiscal 2020 operating results mainly attributable to the Pandemic, an increase in trade accounts payable resulting from the timing of payments, and a smaller increase in inventory during fiscal 2021 compared to the inventory growth in fiscal 2020 as a result of certain inventory purchase commitments based on pre-Pandemic net sales expectations and to support the backlog of certain of our business, partially offset by a net increase in accounts receivable and contract assets resulting from the timing of collections and customer billings.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $409.1 million in fiscal 2020 and consisted primarily of net income from consolidated operations of $335.9 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $88.6 million (a non-cash item), net changes in other long-term liabilities and assets related to the LCP of $14.8 million (principally participant deferrals and employer contributions), $10.1 million in share-based compensation expense (a non-cash item), and $9.6 million in employer contributions to the HEICO Savings and Investment Plan (a non-cash item), partially offset by a $48.5 million increase in working capital.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $183.5 million in fiscal 2021 and related primarily to acquisitions of $136.5 million (net of cash acquired), capital expenditures of $36.2 million, and investments related to the LCP of $14.0 million. Further details on acquisitions may be found in Note 2, Acquisitions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $199.0 million in fiscal 2020 and related primarily to acquisitions of $163.9 million (net of cash acquired), capital expenditures of $22.9 million and investments related to the LCP of $15.9 million. Further details on acquisitions may be found in Note 2, Acquisitions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2021 totaled $559.0 million. During fiscal 2021, we made $505.0 million in payments on our revolving credit facility, made $28.0 million of distributions to noncontrolling interests, paid $23.0 million in cash dividends on our common stock, redeemed common stock related to stock option exercises aggregating $3.8 million, paid $2.3 million to acquire certain noncontrolling interests, and paid revolving credit facility issuance costs of $1.5 million, which were partially offset by $5.3 million in proceeds from stock option exercises.
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Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2020 totaled $137.7 million. During fiscal 2020, we borrowed $200.0 million under our revolving credit facility to provide a cushion of liquidity during the period of economic uncertainty resulting from the Pandemic and $45.0 million to fund our fiscal 2020 acquisitions. A portion of the $200.0 million drawn was subsequently used to help fund certain of our fiscal 2020 acquisitions. We also received $14.3 million in capital contributions from the noncontrolling interest holders of a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic representing their share of the purchase price for a 25% interest in two acquisitions made by a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic in August 2020. (See Note 2, Acquisitions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details). Additionally, we made $68.0 million in payments on our revolving credit facility, paid $21.6 million in cash dividends on our common stock, made $17.9 million of distributions to noncontrolling interests, redeemed common stock related to stock option exercises aggregating $12.1 million, paid $7.5 million to acquire certain noncontrolling interests and received $7.0 million in proceeds from stock option exercises.
In November 2017, we entered into a $1.3 billion Revolving Credit Facility Agreement ("Credit Facility") with a bank syndicate. The Credit Facility may be used to finance acquisitions and for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures. In December 2020, we entered into an amendment to extend the maturity date of the Credit Facility by one year to November 2023 and to increase the capacity by $200 million to $1.5 billion. The Credit Facility includes a feature that will allow us to increase the capacity by $350 million to become a $1.85 billion facility through increased commitments from existing lenders or the addition of new lenders and can be extended for an additional one-year period.
Borrowings under the Credit Facility accrue interest at our election of the Base Rate or the Eurocurrency Rate, plus in each case, the Applicable Rate (based on our Total Leverage Ratio). The Base Rate for any day is a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (i) the Prime Rate; (ii) the Federal Funds Rate plus .50%; and (iii) the Eurocurrency Rate for an Interest Period of one month plus 100 basis points. The Eurocurrency Rate is the rate per annum obtained by dividing LIBOR for the applicable Interest Period by a percentage equal to 1.00 minus the daily average Eurocurrency Reserve Rate for such Interest Period, as such capitalized terms are defined in the Credit Facility. The Applicable Rate for Eurocurrency Rate Loans ranges from 1.00% to 2.00%. The Applicable Rate for Base Rate Loans ranges from 0% to 1.00%. A fee is charged on the amount of the unused commitment ranging from .125% to .30% (depending on our Total Leverage Ratio). The Credit Facility also includes $100 million sublimits for borrowings made in foreign currencies and for swingline borrowings, and a $50 million sublimit for letters of credit. Outstanding principal, accrued and unpaid interest and other amounts payable under the Credit Facility may be accelerated upon an event of default, as such events are described in the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility is unsecured and contains covenants that require, among other things, the maintenance of a Total Leverage Ratio and an Interest Coverage Ratio, as such capitalized terms are defined in the Credit Facility. We were in compliance with all financial and nonfinancial covenants of the Credit Facility as of October 31, 2021.
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Other Obligations and Commitments
The holders of equity interests in certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have rights (“Put Rights”) that require the Company to provide cash consideration for their equity interests (the “Redemption Amount”) at fair value or at a formula that management intended to reasonably approximate fair value based solely on a multiple of future earnings over a measurement period. As of October 31, 2021, management’s estimate of the aggregate Redemption Amount of all Put Rights that we could be required to pay is approximately $252.6 million, which is reflected within redeemable noncontrolling interests in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The estimated aggregate Redemption Amount of the Put Rights that are currently puttable or becoming puttable during fiscal 2022 is approximately $113.0 million, of which approximately $68.0 million would be payable in fiscal 2022 should all of the eligible associated noncontrolling interest holders elect to exercise their Put Rights during fiscal 2022. See Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
See Note 5, Long-Term Debt, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our long-term debt obligations.
See Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information pertaining to contingent consideration obligations.
See Note 9, Leases, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information pertaining to future minimum lease payments relating to the Company’s operating and finance lease obligations.
Critical Accounting Policies
We believe that the following are our most critical accounting policies, which require management to make judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain.
Assumptions utilized to determine fair value in connection with business combinations, contingent consideration arrangements and in goodwill and intangible assets impairment tests are highly judgmental. If there is a material change in such assumptions or if there is a material change in the conditions or circumstances influencing fair value, we could be required to recognize a material impairment charge. See Item 1A., Risk Factors, for a list of factors which may cause our actual results to differ materially from anticipated results.
Revenue Recognition
HEICO recognizes revenue when it transfers control of a promised good or service to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for the good or service. Our performance obligations are satisfied and control is transferred either at a point-in-time or over-time. The majority of our revenue is recognized at a point-in-time when control is transferred, which is generally evidenced by the shipment or delivery of the product to the customer, a transfer of title, a transfer of the significant risks and rewards of ownership, and
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customer acceptance. For certain contracts under which we produce products with no alternative use and for which we have an enforceable right to recover costs incurred plus a reasonable profit margin for work completed to date and for certain other contracts under which we create or enhance a customer-owned asset while performing repair and overhaul services, control is transferred to the customer over-time. HEICO recognizes revenue using an over-time recognition model for these types of contracts.
We utilize the cost-to-cost method as a measure of progress for performance obligations that are satisfied over-time as we believe this input method best represents the transfer of control to the customer. Under this method, revenue for the current period is recorded at an amount equal to the ratio of costs incurred to date divided by total estimated contract costs multiplied by (i) the transaction price, less (ii) cumulative revenue recognized in prior periods. Contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation.
Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress toward completion is measured based on the proportion of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. These projections require management to make numerous assumptions and estimates relating to items such as the complexity of design and related development costs, performance of subcontractors, availability and cost of materials, labor productivity and cost, overhead, capital costs, and manufacturing efficiency. We review our cost estimates on a periodic basis, or when circumstances change and warrant a modification to a previous estimate. Cost estimates are largely based on negotiated or estimated purchase contract terms, historical performance trends and other economic projections.
For certain contracts with similar characteristics and for which revenue is recognized using an over-time model, we use a portfolio approach to estimate the amount of revenue to recognize. For each portfolio of contracts, the respective work in process and/or finished goods inventory balances are identified and the portfolio-specific margin is applied to estimate the pro rata portion of the transaction price to recognize in relation to the costs incurred. This approach is utilized only when the resulting revenue recognition is not expected to be materially different than if the accounting was applied to the individual contracts.
Certain of our contracts give rise to variable consideration when they contain items such as customer rebates, credits, volume purchase discounts, penalties and other provisions that may impact the total consideration we will receive. We include variable consideration in the transaction price generally by applying the most likely amount method of the consideration that we expect to be entitled to receive based on an assessment of all available information (i.e., historical experience, current and forecasted performance) and only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. We estimate variable consideration by applying the most likely amount method when there are a limited number of outcomes related to the resolution of the variable consideration.
Changes in estimates that result in adjustments to net sales and cost of sales are recognized as necessary in the period they become known on a cumulative catch-up basis.
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Changes in estimates did not have a material effect on net income from consolidated operations in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Valuation of Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out or the average cost basis. Losses, if any, are recognized fully in the period when identified.
We periodically evaluate the carrying value of inventory, giving consideration to factors such as its physical condition, sales patterns and expected future demand in order to estimate the amount necessary to write down any slow moving, obsolete or damaged inventory. These estimates could vary significantly from actual amounts based upon future economic conditions, customer inventory levels, or competitive factors that were not foreseen or did not exist when the estimated write-downs were made.
In accordance with industry practice, all inventories are classified as a current asset including portions with long production cycles, some of which may not be realized within one year.
Business Combinations
We allocate the purchase price of acquired entities to the underlying tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities and any noncontrolling interests assumed based on their estimated fair values, with any excess recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities and noncontrolling interests assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, asset lives and market multiples, among other items. We determine the fair values of intangible assets acquired generally in consultation with third-party valuation advisors.
As part of the agreement to acquire certain subsidiaries, we may be obligated to pay contingent consideration should the acquired entity meet certain earnings objectives subsequent to the date of acquisition. As of the acquisition date, contingent consideration is recorded at fair value as determined through the use of a probability-based scenario analysis approach. Under this method, a set of discrete potential future subsidiary earnings is determined using internal estimates based on various revenue growth rate assumptions for each scenario. A probability of likelihood is then assigned to each discrete potential future earnings estimate and the resultant contingent consideration is calculated and discounted using a weighted average discount rate reflecting the credit risk of HEICO. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the fair value of such contingent consideration is measured each reporting period and any changes are recorded to SG&A expenses within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in either the revenue growth rates, related earnings or the discount rate could result in a material change to the amount of contingent consideration accrued. As of October 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, $62.3 million, $42.0 million and $18.3 million of contingent consideration was accrued within our
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Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. During fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, such fair value measurement adjustments resulted in net increases to SG&A expenses of $1.2 million, $.5 million and $2.6 million, respectively. For further information regarding our contingent consideration arrangements, see Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Valuation of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
We test goodwill for impairment annually as of October 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be fully recoverable. In evaluating the recoverability of goodwill, we compare the fair value of each of our reporting units to its carrying value to determine potential impairment. During fiscal 2021, we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." Pursuant to ASU 2017-04, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-04, an impairment loss was recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit's goodwill exceeded its implied fair value. The fair values of our reporting units were determined using a weighted average of a market approach and an income approach. Under the market approach, fair values are estimated using published market multiples for comparable companies. We calculate fair values under the income approach by taking estimated future cash flows that are based on internal projections and other assumptions deemed reasonable by management and discounting them using an estimated weighted average cost of capital. Based on the annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we determined there was no impairment of our goodwill. The fair value of each of our reporting units as of October 31, 2021 significantly exceeded its carrying value.
We test each non-amortizing intangible asset (principally trade names) for impairment annually as of October 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. To derive the fair value of our trade names, we utilize an income approach, which relies upon management's assumptions of royalty rates, projected revenues and discount rates. We also test each amortizing intangible asset for impairment if events or circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The test consists of determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. The determination of fair value requires us to make a number of estimates, assumptions and judgments of underlying factors such as projected revenues and related earnings as well as discount rates. Based on the intangible asset impairment tests conducted, we did not recognize any impairment losses in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - New Accounting Pronouncements, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this report constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature may be forward-looking and the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate” and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement contained herein, in press releases, written statements or other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or in communications and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of business through meetings, phone calls and conference calls, concerning our operations, economic performance and financial condition are subject to risks, uncertainties and contingencies. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. All forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated results, performance or achievements. Also, forward-looking statements are based upon management’s estimates of fair values and of future costs, using currently available information. Therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by those forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include:
•The severity, magnitude and duration of the Pandemic;
•Our liquidity and the amount and timing of cash generation;
•Lower commercial air travel caused by the Pandemic and its aftermath, airline fleet changes or airline purchasing decisions, which could cause lower demand for our goods and services;
•Product specification costs and requirements, which could cause an increase to our costs to complete contracts;
•Governmental and regulatory demands, export policies and restrictions, reductions in defense, space or homeland security spending by U.S. and/or foreign customers or competition from existing and new competitors, which could reduce our sales;
•Our ability to introduce new products and services at profitable pricing levels, which could reduce our sales or sales growth;
•Product development or manufacturing difficulties, which could increase our product development and manufacturing costs and delay sales;
•Our ability to make acquisitions and achieve operating synergies from acquired businesses; customer credit risk; interest, foreign currency exchange and income tax rates; economic conditions, including the effects of inflation, within and outside of the
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aviation, defense, space, medical, telecommunications and electronics industries, which could negatively impact our costs and revenues; and
•Defense spending or budget cuts, which could reduce our defense-related revenue.
For further information on these and other factors that potentially could materially affect our financial results, see Item 1A, Risk Factors. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by applicable law.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
We have exposure to interest rate risk, mainly related to our revolving credit facility, which has variable interest rates. Interest rate risk associated with our variable rate debt is the potential increase in interest expense from an increase in interest rates. Based on our aggregate outstanding variable rate debt balance of $225.0 million as of October 31, 2021, a hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates would not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. We also maintain a portion of our cash and cash equivalents in financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less. These financial instruments are subject to interest rate risk and will decline in value if interest rates increase.
Due to the short duration of these financial instruments, a hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates as of October 31, 2021 would not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Foreign Currency Risk
We have several foreign subsidiaries that utilize a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, or principally the Euro. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates between such foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar will affect the translation of the financial results of our foreign subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar for purposes of reporting our consolidated financial results. A hypothetical 10% weakening in the exchange rate of the Euro to the U.S. dollar as of October 31, 2021 would not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
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Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 48
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2021 and 2020 51
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 57
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
HEICO Corporation
Hollywood, Florida
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of HEICO Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of October 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended October 31, 2021, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended October 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated December 21, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the Finance/Audit Committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of
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critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Inventories, net - Refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of inventory, which requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to sales patterns and expected future demand in order to estimate the amount necessary to write down any slow moving or obsolete inventory. Changes in the assumptions related to future demand and sales patterns could have a significant impact on the valuation of finished goods inventory for certain of the Company’s aftermarket replacement parts and repair and overhaul parts and services business units in the Flight Support Group operating segment.
Given the magnitude of the inventory balances at these business units, coupled with the judgments necessary to project sales patterns and expected future demand within these aftermarket replacement parts and repair and overhaul parts and services business units, auditing such estimates required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort when performing audit procedures and evaluating the results of those procedures.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the expected future demand and sales patterns used by management to estimate the valuation reserve on inventory included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls, including those related to evaluating the reasonableness of expected future demand and sales patterns.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s assumptions of future demand and sales patterns by performing the following:
◦Utilized historical inventory usage data to analyze the relationship between the inventory valuation reserve calculated, the inventory on hand, and the sales trends over time.
◦Compared management’s assumptions to available external market data for certain inventory items.
◦Evaluated the accuracy and completeness of the valuation reserve by selecting a sample of inventory items and obtaining supporting documentation regarding current and historical sales patterns.
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•We tested changes in the inventory valuation reserve and evaluated whether such changes were the result of the sale or write off of inventory parts or the result of changes in the significant assumptions used to develop the valuation reserve.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Miami, Florida
December 21, 2021
We have served as the Company's auditor since 1990.
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HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
As of October 31,
ASSETS
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 26,045 24,706
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt $1,515 $1,045
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 206,857 162,232
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Shareholders’ equity:
Deferred compensation obligation 5,297 4,886
HEICO stock held by irrevocable trust (5,297) (4,886)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (8,552) (9,149)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year ended October 31,
Operating costs and expenses:
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 25,538 21,871 31,845
Net income per share attributable to HEICO shareholders:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
Year ended October 31,
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments (591) 8,876 (844)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 535 7,937 (1,708)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except per share data)
HEICO Shareholders' Equity
Cash dividends ($.17 per share) — — — — — — — (23,002) — (23,002)
Share-based compensation expense — — — 9,058 — — — — — 9,058
Proceeds from stock option exercises — — 3 5,341 — — — — — 5,344
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (25,746) — — — — — — — (2,217) (2,217)
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests (2,336) — — — — — — — — —
Capital contributions from noncontrolling interests 1,067 — — — — — — — — —
Deferred compensation obligation — — — — 411 (411) — — — —
HEICO Shareholders' Equity
Cash dividends ($.16 per share) — — — — — — — (21,552) — (21,552)
Share-based compensation expense — — — 10,134 — — — — — 10,134
Proceeds from stock option exercises — — 6 6,949 — — — — — 6,955
Capital contributions from noncontrolling interests 14,329 — — — — — — — — —
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (16,176) — — — — — — — (1,732) (1,732)
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests (7,475) — — — — — — — — —
Deferred compensation obligation — — — — 654 (654) — — — —
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except per share data)
HEICO Shareholders' Equity
Cash dividends ($.14 per share) — — — — — — — (18,691) — (18,691)
Share-based compensation expense — — — 10,334 — — — — — 10,334
Proceeds from stock option exercises — 12 8 8,527 — — — — — 8,547
Deferred compensation obligation — — — — 304 (304) — — — —
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year ended October 31,
Operating Activities:
Employer contributions to HEICO Savings and Investment Plan 10,091 9,576 9,528
Increase in accrued contingent consideration, net 1,246 515 2,630
Payment of contingent consideration — (175) (3,105)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Increase (decrease) in trade accounts payable 6,907 (30,327) (3,851)
Increase (decrease) in income taxes payable 2,821 (9,586) 1,296
Investing Activities:
Financing Activities:
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests (2,336) (7,475) —
Revolving credit facility issuance costs (1,468) — —
Payment of contingent consideration — (325) (4,073)
Capital contributions from noncontrolling interests 534 14,329 —
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (216) 2,026 390
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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HEICO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business
HEICO Corporation, through its principal subsidiaries consisting of HEICO Aerospace Holdings Corp. (“HEICO Aerospace”), HEICO Flight Support Corp. ("HFSC") and HEICO Electronic Technologies Corp. (“HEICO Electronic”) and their respective subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), is principally engaged in the design, manufacture and sale of aerospace, defense and electronic related products and services throughout the United States ("U.S.") and internationally. The Company’s customer base is primarily the aviation, defense, space, medical, telecommunications and electronics industries.
Basis of Presentation
The Company has two operating segments: the Flight Support Group (“FSG”), consisting of HEICO Aerospace and HFSC and their respective subsidiaries; and the Electronic Technologies Group (“ETG”), consisting of HEICO Electronic and its subsidiaries.
The consolidated financial statements include the financial accounts of HEICO Corporation and its direct subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned except for HEICO Aerospace, which is 20% owned by Lufthansa Technik AG ("LHT"), the technical services subsidiary of Lufthansa German Airlines. HFSC consolidates five subsidiaries which are 70%, 84%, 85%, 89% and 90%, owned, respectively, and seven subsidiaries that are each 80.1% owned. In addition, HEICO Aerospace consolidates a joint venture, which is 84% owned. HEICO Electronic consolidates four subsidiaries that are each 80.1% owned, two subsidiaries that are each 75% owned, and five subsidiaries which are 82.5%, 85%, 90%, 92.7% and 95.9% owned, respectively. Certain subsidiaries of HEICO Electronic consolidate subsidiaries that are less than wholly owned. See Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.
The Company's results of operations in fiscal 2021 continued to reflect the adverse impact from the COVID-19 global pandemic (the “Pandemic”). Most notably, demand for HEICO's commercial aviation products and services were moderated by the ongoing depressed commercial aerospace market as compared to pre-Pandemic levels. The Company experienced a significant improvement in operating results in the second half of fiscal 2021 as compared to the second half of fiscal 2020. The second half of fiscal 2020 was the period in which the Company's results of operations were most negatively affected by the Pandemic’s impact. Since then, the FSG has reported five consecutive quarters of improvement in net sales and operating income resulting from signs of commercial air travel recovery.
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Use of Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the consolidated financial statements, the Company considers all highly liquid investments such as U.S. Treasury bills and money market funds with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers. The valuation of accounts receivable requires that the Company set up an allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts and record a corresponding charge to bad debt expense. The Company estimates uncollectible receivables based on such factors as its prior experience, its appraisal of a customer’s ability to pay, age of receivables outstanding and economic conditions within and outside of the aviation, defense, space, medical, telecommunications and electronics industries.
Contract Assets
Contract assets (unbilled receivables) represent revenue recognized on contracts using an over-time recognition model in excess of amounts invoiced to the customer. See Note 6, Revenue, for additional information regarding the Company's contract assets.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of temporary cash investments and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its temporary cash investments with high credit quality financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across many different geographical regions. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, but does not generally require collateral to support customer receivables.
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Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out or the average cost basis. Losses, if any, are recognized fully in the period when identified. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of inventory, giving consideration to factors such as its physical condition, sales patterns and expected future demand in order to estimate the amount necessary to write down any slow moving, obsolete or damaged inventory. These estimates could vary significantly from actual amounts based upon future economic conditions, customer inventory levels or competitive factors that were not foreseen or did not exist when the estimated write-downs were made. In accordance with industry practice, all inventories are classified as a current asset including portions with long production cycles, some of which may not be realized within one year.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization is generally provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various assets.The Company’s property, plant and equipment is generally depreciated over the following estimated useful lives:
Buildings and improvements 10 to 40 years
Machinery and equipment 3 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements 2 to 20 years
Tooling 2 to 5 years
The costs of major additions and improvements are capitalized. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the leasehold improvement’s useful life or the lease term.
Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Upon an asset's disposition, its cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the financial accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected within earnings.
Leases
During fiscal 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, which, as amended, was codified as Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”).
The Company’s lease arrangements primarily pertain to manufacturing facilities, office buildings, equipment, land and vehicles. The Company evaluates whether a contractual arrangement that provides it with control over the use of an asset is, or contains, a lease at the inception date. The term of a lease is inclusive of any option to renew, extend, or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such option. The Company classifies a lease as operating or finance using the classification criteria set forth in ASC 842. HEICO recognizes lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities as of the
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lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to calculate the present value of the Company’s leases is based on HEICO’s incremental borrowing rate and considers credit risk, the lease term and other available information as of the commencement date since the leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate are included in the determination of ROU assets and lease liabilities using the index or rate at the lease commencement date. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate or resulting from changes in an index or rate subsequent to the lease commencement date, are recorded as lease expense in the period in which the obligation for the payment is incurred. The Company’s ROU assets are increased by any prepaid lease payments and initial direct costs and reduced by any lease incentives. The Company’s leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. See Note 9, Leases, for additional information regarding the Company’s accounting policy for leases.
Business Combinations
The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired entities to the underlying tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities and any noncontrolling interests assumed based on their estimated fair values, with any excess recorded as goodwill. The operating results of acquired businesses are included in the Company’s results of operations beginning as of their effective acquisition dates. Acquisition costs were not material in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019.
For contingent consideration arrangements, a liability is recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date with subsequent fair value adjustments recorded in operations. Additional information regarding the Company's contingent consideration arrangements may be found in Note 2, Acquisitions, and Note 8, Fair Value Measurements.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of October 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be fully recoverable. In evaluating the recoverability of goodwill, the Company compares the fair value of each of its reporting units to its carrying value to determine potential impairment. During fiscal 2021, the Company adopted ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." Pursuant to ASU 2017-04, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-04, an impairment loss was recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit's goodwill exceeded its implied fair value. The fair values of the Company's reporting units are determined by using a weighted average of a market approach and an income approach. Under the market approach, fair values are estimated using published market multiples for comparable companies. The Company calculates fair values under the income approach by taking estimated future cash flows that are based on internal projections and other assumptions deemed reasonable by management and discounting them using an estimated weighted average cost of capital.
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The Company’s intangible assets not subject to amortization consist principally of its trade names. The Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized on the straight-line method (except for certain customer relationships amortized on an accelerated method) over the following estimated useful lives:
Customer relationships 4 to 15 years
Intellectual property 4 to 22 years
Licenses 10 to 11 years
Patents 5 to 20 years
Trade names 8 to 15 years
Amortization expense of intellectual property, licenses and patents is recorded as a component of cost of sales, and amortization expense of customer relationships, non-compete agreements and trade names is recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company tests each non-amortizing intangible asset for impairment annually as of October 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. To derive the fair value of its trade names, the Company utilizes an income approach, which relies upon management's assumptions of royalty rates, projected revenues and discount rates. The Company also tests each amortizing intangible asset for impairment if events or circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The test consists of determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. The determination of fair value requires management to make a number of estimates, assumptions and judgments of such factors as projected revenues and earnings and discount rates.
Customer Rebates and Credits
The Company records accrued customer rebates and credits as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts generally relate to discounts negotiated with customers as part of certain sales contracts that are usually tied to sales volume thresholds. The Company accrues customer rebates and credits as a reduction within net sales as the revenue is recognized based on the estimated level of discount rate expected to be earned by each customer over the life of the contractual rebate period (generally one year). Accrued customer rebates and credits are monitored by management and discount levels are updated at least quarterly.
Product Warranties
Product warranty liabilities are estimated at the time of shipment and recorded as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount recognized is based on historical claims experience.
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Defined Benefit Pension Plan
In connection with a prior year acquisition, the Company assumed a frozen qualified defined benefit pension plan (the "Plan"). The Plan's benefits are based on employee compensation and years of service; however, the accrued benefit for Plan participants was fixed as of the date of acquisition. The Company uses an actuarial valuation to determine the projected benefit obligation of the Plan and records the difference between the fair value of the Plan's assets and the projected benefit obligation as of October 31 in other long-term liabilities in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, any actuarial gain or loss that arises during a fiscal year that is not recognized as a component of net periodic pension income or expense is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income or (loss), net of tax. The following table presents the fair value of the Plan's assets and projected benefit obligation as of October 31, for each of the last two fiscal years (in thousands):
As of October 31,
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of a promised good or service to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for the good or service. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied and control is transferred either at a point-in-time or over-time. The majority of the Company’s revenue is recognized at a point-in-time when control is transferred, which is generally evidenced by the shipment or delivery of the product to the customer, a transfer of title, a transfer of the significant risks and rewards of ownership, and customer acceptance. For certain contracts under which the Company produces products with no alternative use and for which it has an enforceable right to recover costs incurred plus a reasonable profit margin for work completed to date and for certain other contracts under which the Company creates or enhances a customer-owned asset while performing repair and overhaul services, control is transferred to the customer over-time. The Company recognizes revenue using an over-time recognition model for these types of contracts.
The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, the payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it is entitled to receive. Customer payment terms related to the sale of products and the rendering of services vary by Company subsidiary and product line. The time between receipt of payment and recognition of revenue for satisfaction of the related performance obligation is not significant.
A performance obligation is a promise within a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer in exchange for payment and is the unit of account for recognizing
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revenue. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when or as the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation to transfer goods or services. For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on its estimated standalone selling price. When standalone selling prices are not available, the transaction price is allocated using an expected cost plus margin approach as pricing for such contracts is typically negotiated on the basis of cost.
The Company accounts for contract modifications prospectively when the remaining goods or services are distinct and on a cumulative catch-up basis when the remaining goods or services are not distinct.
The Company provides assurance type warranties on many of its products and services. Since customers cannot purchase such warranties independently of the products or services under contract and they are not priced separately, warranties are not separate performance obligations.
The Company utilizes the cost-to-cost method as a measure of progress for performance obligations that are satisfied over-time as it believes this input method best represents the transfer of control to the customer. Under this method, revenue for the current period is recorded at an amount equal to the ratio of costs incurred to date divided by total estimated contract costs multiplied by (i) the transaction price, less (ii) cumulative revenue recognized in prior periods. Contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation.
Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress toward completion is measured based on the proportion of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. These projections require the Company to make numerous assumptions and estimates relating to items such as the complexity of design and related development costs, performance of subcontractors, availability and cost of materials, labor productivity and cost, overhead, capital costs, and manufacturing efficiency. The Company reviews its cost estimates on a periodic basis, or when circumstances change and warrant a modification to a previous estimate. Cost estimates are largely based on negotiated or estimated purchase contract terms, historical performance trends and other economic projections.
For certain contracts with similar characteristics and for which revenue is recognized using an over-time model, the Company uses a portfolio approach to estimate the amount of revenue to recognize. For each portfolio of contracts, the respective work in process and/or finished goods inventory balances are identified and the portfolio-specific margin is applied to estimate the pro rata portion of the transaction price to recognize in relation to the costs incurred. This approach is utilized only when the resulting revenue recognition is not expected to be materially different than if the accounting was applied to the individual contracts.
Certain of the Company’s contracts give rise to variable consideration when they contain items such as customer rebates, credits, volume purchase discounts, penalties and other
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provisions that may impact the total consideration the Company will receive. The Company includes variable consideration in the transaction price generally by applying the most likely amount method of the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive based on an assessment of all available information (i.e., historical experience, current and forecasted performance) and only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. The Company estimates variable consideration by applying the most likely amount method when there are a limited number of outcomes related to the resolution of the variable consideration. See Note 6, Revenue, for additional information regarding the Company’s revenue recognition policy.
Changes in estimates that result in adjustments to net sales and cost of sales are recognized as necessary in the period they become known on a cumulative catch-up basis. Changes in estimates did not have a material effect on net income from consolidated operations in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company records compensation expense associated with stock options in its Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the grant date fair value of those awards. The fair value of each stock option on the date of grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model based on certain valuation assumptions. Expected stock price volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock prices over the expected life of the option grant and other factors. The risk-free interest rate used is based on the published U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the option grant for instruments with a similar life. The dividend yield reflects the Company’s expected dividend yield at the date of grant. The expected option life represents the period of time that the stock options are expected to be outstanding, taking into consideration the contractual term of the option grant and employee historical exercise behavior. The Company’s historical rate of forfeiture is nominal and therefore not included when estimating the grant date fair value of stock option awards. As such, the Company recognizes the impact of forfeitures when they occur. The Company generally recognizes stock option compensation expense ratably over the award’s vesting period.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense includes U.S. and foreign income taxes. Deferred income taxes are provided on elements of income that are recognized for financial reporting purposes in periods different from when recognized for income tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Tax law and rate changes are reflected in income in the period such changes are enacted. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense and to treat any tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") as a current period income tax expense. Further information regarding income taxes can be found in Note 7, Income Taxes.
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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
As further detailed in Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, the holders of equity interests in certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have rights (“Put Rights”) that require the Company to provide cash consideration for their equity interests (the “Redemption Amount”) at fair value or at a formula that management intended to reasonably approximate fair value based solely on a multiple of future earnings over a measurement period. The Put Rights are embedded in the shares owned by the noncontrolling interest holders and are not freestanding.
The Company tracks the carrying cost of such redeemable noncontrolling interests at historical cost plus an allocation of subsidiary earnings based on ownership interest, less dividends paid to the noncontrolling interest holders. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded outside of permanent equity at the higher of their carrying cost or management’s estimate of the Redemption Amount. The initial adjustment to record redeemable noncontrolling interests at the Redemption Amount results in a corresponding decrease to retained earnings. Subsequent adjustments to the Redemption Amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests may result in corresponding decreases or increases to retained earnings, provided any increases to retained earnings may only be recorded to the extent of decreases previously recorded. Adjustments to Redemption Amounts based on fair value will have no effect on net income per share attributable to HEICO shareholders whereas the portion of periodic adjustments to the carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests based solely on a multiple of future earnings that reflect a redemption amount in excess of fair value will affect net income per share attributable to HEICO shareholders. Acquisitions of redeemable noncontrolling interests are treated as equity transactions.
Net Income per Share Attributable to HEICO Shareholders
Basic net income per share attributable to HEICO shareholders is computed by dividing net income attributable to HEICO by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share attributable to HEICO shareholders is computed by dividing net income attributable to HEICO by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus potentially dilutive common shares arising from the assumed exercise of stock options, if dilutive. The dilutive impact of potentially dilutive common shares is determined by applying the treasury stock method.
Foreign Currency
All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries that do not utilize the U.S. dollar as its functional currency are translated at period-end exchange rates, while revenue and expenses are translated using average exchange rates for the period. Unrealized translation gains or losses are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments through other comprehensive income or (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Transaction gains or losses related to monetary balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Contingencies
Losses for contingencies such as product warranties, litigation and environmental matters are recognized in income when they are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Gain contingencies are not recognized in income until they have been realized.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which simplifies the current test for goodwill impairment by eliminating the second step in which the implied value of a reporting unit is calculated when the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Under ASU 2017-04, goodwill impairment should be recognized for the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and began applying the guidance prospectively when assessing its goodwill for impairment.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers," which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years and interim reporting periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, or in fiscal 2024 for HEICO. Early adoption is permitted and ASU 2021-08 shall be applied on a prospective basis to business combinations that occur on or after the adoption date. The Company is currently evaluating the effect, if any, the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
2. ACQUISITIONS
In October 2021, the Company, through a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic, acquired all of the outstanding stock of Paciwave, Inc. ("Paciwave"). Paciwave is a designer and manufacturer of Radio Frequency (RF) and microwave components and integrated assemblies specializing particularly in PIN Diode Switches, PIN Attenuators, PIN Limiters, Switching Assemblies and integrated subsystems found in defense and other complex electronic applications. The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In September 2021, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired 80.1% of the stock of R.H. Laboratories, Inc. ("RH Labs"). RH Labs designs and manufactures state-of-the-art RF and microwave integrated assemblies, sub-assemblies and components used in a broad range of demanding defense applications operating in harsh environments including Space. The remaining 19.9% interest continues to be owned by certain members of RH Lab's management
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team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information). The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In August 2021, the Company, through HFSC, acquired 89% of the equity interests of Ridge HoldCo, LLC, which owns all of Ridge Engineering, Inc. ("Ridge") and The Bechdon Company, Inc. ("Bechdon"). Ridge performs tight-tolerance machining and brazing of large-sized parts in mission-critical defense and aerospace applications.Bechdon provides machining, fabrication and welding services for aerospace, defense and other industrial applications. The remaining 11% interests continue to be owned by certain members of Ridge’s and Bechdon's management teams (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information). The total consideration includes an accrual of $18.3 million as of the acquisition date representing the estimated fair value of contingent consideration the Company may be obligated to pay should Ridge and Bechdon meet certain earnings objectives following the acquisition. See Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information regarding the Company’s contingent consideration obligation. The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In June 2021, the Company, through HFSC, acquired certain assets and liabilities of Camtronics, LLC ("Camtronics"). Camtronics is a Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA")-certified Part 145 repair station with extensive proprietary FAA-designated engineering representative repairs for a variety of domestic and international commercial and cargo airlines. As a result of the transaction, HFSC has an 80.1% interest in Camtronics. Additionally, the noncontrolling interest holders of an 84% owned subsidiary of HFSC have a 9.9% interest in Camtronics and the remaining 10% interest continues to be owned by certain members of Camtronics' management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information). The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In March 2021, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired all of the business, assets and certain liabilities of Pyramid Semiconductor LLC ("Pyramid"). Pyramid is a specialty semiconductor designer and manufacturer offering a well-developed line of processors, static random-access memory (SRAM), electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) and Logic products on a diverse array of military, space and medical platforms. The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In August 2020, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired 89.99% of the equity interests of Connect Tech Inc. ("Connect Tech"). Connect Tech designs and manufacturers rugged, small-form-factor embedded computing solutions. Connect Tech's components are designed for very harsh environments and are primarily used in rugged commercial and industrial, aerospace and defense, transportation, and smart energy applications. The remaining 10.01% interest continues to be owned by a certain member of Connect Tech's management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information). The total consideration includes an accrual of $9.7 million as of the acquisition date representing the estimated fair value of contingent consideration the Company may be obligated to pay should Connect Tech meet certain earnings objectives following the acquisition. See Note 8, Fair Value
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Measurements, for additional information regarding the Company’s contingent consideration obligation.
In August 2020, the Company, through a newly formed subsidiary of HEICO Electronic, acquired all of the equity interests of Transformational Security, LLC and Intelligent Devices, Inc. (collectively, "TSID"). TSID develops and manufactures state-of-the-art Technical Surveillance Countermeasures ("TSCM") equipment used to protect critical spaces from exploitation via wireless transmissions, technical surveillance and listening devices. The subsidiary of HEICO Electronic that completed the acquisition is 75% owned by HEICO Electronic and 25% owned by the noncontrolling interest holders of a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic that is also a designer and manufacturer of TSCM equipment (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information). The total consideration includes an accrual of $14.0 million as of the acquisition date representing the estimated fair value of contingent consideration the Company may be obligated to pay should TSID meet certain earnings objectives following the acquisition. See Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information regarding the Company’s contingent consideration obligation.
In June 2020, the Company, through HFSC, acquired 70% of the membership interests of Rocky Mountain Hydrostatics, LLC ("Rocky Mountain"). Rocky Mountain overhauls industrial pumps, motors, and other hydraulic units with a focus on the support of legacy systems for the U.S. Navy. The remaining 30% interest continues to be owned by certain members of Rocky Mountain's management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information).
In May 2020, a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic obtained 100% ownership of the assets and liabilities of Freebird Semiconductor Corporation ("Freebird"), an entity in which the subsidiary held a controlling financial interest since November 2018. In June 2020, the HEICO Electronic subsidiary contributed the assets and liabilities of Freebird in exchange for a 49% equity interest in EPC Space LLC ("EPC”), which the Company accounts for under the equity method. As the fair value of the net assets contributed approximated the fair value of the equity interest received in EPC, no material gain or loss was recorded as a result of this transaction. EPC designs, develops, promotes, markets and sells radiation-hardened gallium nitride power solutions packaged for use in outer space and other high reliability applications.
In December 2019, the Company, through a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic, acquired 100% of the business and assets of the Human-Machine Interface ("HMI") product line of Spectralux Corporation. HMI designs, manufactures, and repairs flight deck annunciators, panels, indicators, and illuminated keyboards, as well as lighting controls, and flight deck lighting.
In December 2019, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired 80.1% of the stock of Quell Corporation ("Quell"). Quell designs and manufactures electromagnetic interference (EMI)/radio-frequency interference (RFI) and transient protection solutions for a wide variety of connectors that principally serve customers within the aerospace and defense markets. The remaining 19.9% interest continues to be owned by certain members of Quell's
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management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information).
In September 2019, the Company, through a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic, acquired all of the outstanding stock of TTT-Cubed, Inc. ("TTT"). TTT is a designer and manufacturer of RF Sources, Detectors, and Controllers for a certain wide range of aerospace and defense applications. The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In July 2019, the Company, jointly through HEICO Electronic and one of its subsidiaries, acquired substantially all of the assets and business of a France-based company and transferred the assets to a newly created subsidiary, Bernier Connect SAS ("Bernier"). At the time of acquisition, the purchase of Bernier was inclusive of Bernier's 70% equity interest in Moulages Plastiques Industriels de L'essonne SARL ("MPI"), a plastics manufacturer ("MPI"). In June 2021, Bernier acquired the remaining 30% equity interest in MPI. Bernier is a designer and manufacturer of interconnect products used in demanding defense, aerospace and industrial applications, primarily for communications-related purposes. The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In June 2019, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired 75% of the membership interests of Research Electronics International, LLC ("REI"). REI is a designer and manufacturer of TSCM equipment to detect devices used for espionage and information theft. The remaining 25% interest continues to be owned by certain members of REI's management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information).
In February 2019, the Company, through HFSC, acquired 80.1% of the membership interests of Decavo LLC ("Decavo"). Decavo designs and produces complex composite parts and assemblies incorporated into camera and related sensor assemblies and unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV") airframes used in demanding defense and civilian applications. The remaining 19.9% interest continues to be owned by certain members of Decavo's management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information). The total consideration includes an accrual of $2.1 million as of the acquisition date representing the estimated fair value of contingent consideration the Company may be obligated to pay should Decavo meet a certain earnings objective during the second and third years following the acquisition. See Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information regarding the Company's contingent consideration obligation. The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash principally using cash provided by operating activities.
In February 2019, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired 85% of the stock of Solid Sealing Technology, Inc. ("SST"). SST designs and manufactures high-reliability ceramic-to-metal feedthroughs and connectors for demanding environments within the defense, industrial, life science, medical, research, semiconductor, and other markets. The remaining 15% interest continues to be owned by certain members of SST's management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information).
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In November 2018, the Company, through a subsidiary of HEICO Electronic, acquired an additional equity interest in Freebird, which increased the Company's aggregate equity interest in Freebird to greater than 50%. Accordingly, the Company began consolidating the operating results of Freebird as of the acquisition date. Prior to this transaction, the Company accounted for its investment in Freebird under the equity method. Freebird is a fabless design and manufacturing company that offers advanced high-reliability wide-band gap power switching technology. The purchase price of this acquisition was paid in cash using cash provided by operating activities.
In November 2018, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired 92.7% of the stock of Apex Microtechnology, Inc. ("Apex"). Apex designs and manufactures precision power analog monolithic, hybrid and open frame components for a certain wide range of aerospace, defense, industrial, measurement, medical and test applications. The remaining 7.3% interest continues to be owned by certain members of Apex's management team (see Note 13, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, for additional information).
In November 2018, the Company, through HEICO Electronic, acquired all of the stock of Specialty Silicone Products, Inc. ("SSP"). SSP designs and manufactures silicone material for a variety of demanding applications used in aerospace, defense, research, oil and gas, testing, pharmaceuticals and other markets.
Unless otherwise noted, the purchase price of each of the above referenced acquisitions was paid in cash, principally using proceeds from the Company's revolving credit facility, and is not material or significant to the Company's consolidated financial statements.
The following table summarizes the aggregate total consideration for the Company's acquisitions (in thousands):
Year ended October 31,
Fair value of existing equity interest — — 1,417
Additional purchase consideration 56 144 —
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The following table summarizes the allocation of the aggregate total consideration for the Company's acquisitions to the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities and noncontrolling interests assumed (in thousands):
Year ended October 31,
Assets acquired:
Liabilities assumed:
The following table summarizes the weighted average amortization period of the definite-lived intangible assets acquired in connection with the Company's fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 acquisitions (in years):
Year ended October 31,
Customer relationships 12 10 11
The allocation of the total consideration for the fiscal 2021 acquisitions to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities and noncontrolling interests assumed is preliminary until the Company obtains final information regarding their fair values. However, the Company does not expect any adjustment to such allocations to be material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The allocation of the total consideration for the fiscal 2020
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acquisitions to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities and noncontrolling interests assumed is final and inclusive of any measurement period adjustments made during fiscal 2021, which were immaterial. The primary items that generated the goodwill recognized were the premiums paid by the Company for the future earnings potential of the businesses acquired and the value of their assembled workforces that do not qualify for separate recognition, which, in the case of RH Labs, Ridge, Bechdon and Camtronics benefit both the Company and the noncontrolling interest holders. The fair value of the noncontrolling interests in RH Labs, Ridge, Bechdon and Camtronics was determined based on the consideration paid by the Company for its controlling ownership interest adjusted for a lack of control that a market participant would consider when estimating the fair value of the noncontrolling interest.