GOSS US Equity☆

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon our current beliefs, plans and expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” or in other parts of this annual report.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutics in the disease areas of immunology, inflammation and oncology. Our goal is to be an industry leader in each of these therapeutic areas and enhance and extend the lives of patients suffering from such diseases. We currently have four clinical-stage product candidates, in addition to six preclinical programs. We are developing seralutinib for the treatment of PAH and commenced enrolling patients for a Phase 2 TORREY clinical trial in PAH patients in December 2020. We expect topline results from this trial in the first half of 2022, subject to developments in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We are developing GB004 for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, including UC and CD. We commenced enrolling patients for a Phase 2 SHIFT-UC clinical trial in UC in October 2020. We expect topline results from this trial in the first half of 2022, subject to developments in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We are developing GB1275 for the treatment of oncology indications. In the third quarter of 2019, we initiated a Phase 1/2 clinical trial for GB1275 in solid tumor indications as a monotherapy and in combination with either pembrolizumab or chemotherapy. We have reported data from that ongoing trial, and we expect to report further data from this trial in 2021. We announced topline Phase 2 asthma results for GB001 in the fourth quarter of 2020. GB001 did not achieve its primary endpoint of statistically significant reduction in the portion of patients experiencing asthma worsening, though consistent and meaningful numeric reductions in the odds of asthma worsening were observed across all three drug arms, as compared to placebo. GB001 did achieve statistically significant improvements in the key secondary endpoint of time to first asthma worsening in two of the three drug arms, as compared to placebo. We do not currently plan to move forward with GB001, or its backup molecule, in further clinical trials without a partner.

We were incorporated in October 2015 and commenced operations in 2017. To date, we have focused primarily on organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, identifying, acquiring and in-licensing our product candidates and conducting preclinical studies and early clinical stage trials. We have funded our operations primarily through equity financings and debt issuance. We raised $942.0 million from October 2017 through December 31, 2020 through Series A and B convertible preferred stock financings, a convertible note financing, our IPO completed in February 2019, proceeds from our credit facility, and proceeds from our concurrent underwritten public offerings of 5.00% convertible Notes due 2027 (the "2027 Notes") and common stock in May 2020. In addition, we received $12.8 million in cash in connection with the January 2018 acquisition of AA Biopharma Inc., of which Pulmagen Therapeutics (Asthma) Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary. As of December 31, 2020, we had $512.6 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

On February 12, 2019, we closed our IPO and the underwriters in the IPO purchased 19,837,500 shares, including the full exercise of their option to purchase additional shares of common stock. The net proceeds were $291.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs.

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and expect to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, our net loss was $243.4 million and $180.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $577.5 million. We expect our expenses and operating losses will increase substantially as we conduct our ongoing and planned clinical trials, continue our research and development activities and conduct preclinical studies, and seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, as well as hire additional personnel, protect our intellectual property and incur additional costs associated with being a public company. In addition, as our product candidates progress through development and toward commercialization, we will need to make milestone payments to the licensors and other third parties from whom we have in-licensed or acquired our product candidates, including seralutinib, GB004 and GB1275. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending in particular on the timing of our clinical trials and preclinical studies and our expenditures on other research and development activities.

We do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales unless and until we successfully complete development and obtain regulatory approval for one or more of our product candidates, which we expect will take a number of years. If we

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obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution. Accordingly, until such time as we can generate substantial product revenues to support our cost structure, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity offerings, debt financings or other capital sources, including potentially collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all. Our failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and on our ability to pursue our business plans and strategies. If we are unable to raise additional capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product candidate development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market our product candidates even if we would otherwise prefer to develop and market such product candidates ourselves.

COVID-19 Pandemic

The current COVID-19 worldwide pandemic has presented substantial public health and economic challenges and is affecting our employees, patients, communities and business operations, as well as the U.S. and global economies and financial markets. International and U.S. governmental authorities in impacted regions are taking actions in an effort to slow the spread of COVID-19, including issuing varying forms of “stay-at-home” orders, and restricting business functions outside of one’s home. In response, we have implemented a work-from-home policy for certain of our employees. To date, we have been able to continue to supply our product candidates to our patients currently enrolled in our clinical trials, including for seralutinib, GB004 and GB1275, and do not currently anticipate any interruptions in supply. In addition, while we are continuing the clinical trials we have underway in sites across the globe, COVID-19 precautions have delayed, such as the previous pause in enrollment in our Phase 1b clinical trial for seralutinib in PAH earlier this year, and may continue to delay completion of these and future trials and may directly or indirectly impact the timeline for data readouts, initiation of, as well as monitoring, data collection and analysis and other related activities for, some of our current and future clinical trials. For example, our current expectations for how we will continue to enroll our Phase 2 clinical trials of seralutinib and GB004 are based on an assumption that clinical trial and healthcare activities begin to return to normal and clinical sites remain open or reopen during the first half of 2021 in light of the continued spread of COVID-19. In particular with respect to seralutinib, some PAH clinical trial sites are currently closed or limited as PAH patients may be at a higher risk of COVID-19 complications than the general population, and some PAH clinical trials may close again if there is a surge of COVID-19 cases in the specific geographies of such trial site locations. Therefore, our assumptions around enrollment timing may prove to be incorrect, in particular if COVID-19 continues to spread. In light of recent developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, and consistent with the FDA’s updated industry guidance for conducting clinical trials, clinical trials may be deprioritized in favor of treating patients who have contracted the virus or to prevent the spread of the virus. This may lead to clinical trial protocol deviations or to discontinuation of treatment for patients who are currently enrolled in our trials. Any delays in the completion of our clinical trials, data analysis or readouts and any disruption in our supply chain could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain, including as a result of new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain or treat it, as well as the economic impact on local, regional, national and international markets.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue since our inception and do not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products for the foreseeable future.

Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses have related primarily to preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates and discovery efforts. Research and development expenses are recognized as incurred and payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development are capitalized until the goods or services are received.

Research and development expenses include or could include:

•salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits, and stock-based compensation charges for those individuals involved in research and development efforts;

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•external research and development expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations, or CROs, investigative sites and consultants to conduct our clinical trials and preclinical and non-clinical studies;

•laboratory supplies;

•costs related to manufacturing our product candidates for clinical trials and preclinical studies, including fees paid to third-party manufacturers;

•costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements; and

•facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent, maintenance of facilities, insurance, equipment and other supplies.

Our direct research and development expenses consist principally of external costs, such as fees paid to CROs, investigative sites and consultants in connection with our clinical trials, preclinical and non-clinical studies, and costs related to manufacturing clinical trial materials. We deploy our personnel and facility related resources across all of our research and development activities. We track external costs and personnel expense on a program-by-program basis and allocate common expenses, such as facility related resources, to each program based on the personnel resources allocated to such program. Stock-based compensation and personnel and common expenses not attributable to a specific program are considered unallocated research and development expenses.

We plan to substantially increase our research and development expenses for the foreseeable future as we continue the development of our product candidates and conduct discovery and research activities for our preclinical programs. We cannot determine with certainty the timing of initiation, the duration or the completion costs of current or future preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates due to the inherently unpredictable nature of preclinical and clinical development. Clinical and preclinical development timelines, the probability of success and development costs can differ materially from expectations. We anticipate that we will make determinations as to which product candidates to pursue and how much funding to direct to each product candidate on an ongoing basis in response to the results of ongoing and future preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory developments and our ongoing assessments as to each product candidate’s commercial potential. We will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future.

Our clinical development costs may vary significantly based on factors such as:

•the costs incurred as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including clinical trial delays;

•per patient trial costs;

•the number of trials required for approval;

•the number of sites included in the trials;

•the countries in which the trials are conducted;

•the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;

•the number of patients that participate in the trials;

•the number of doses that patients receive;

•the drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients;

•potential additional safety monitoring requested by regulatory agencies;

•the duration of patient participation in the trials and follow-up;

•the cost and timing of manufacturing our product candidates;

•the phase of development of our product candidates; and

•the efficacy and safety profile of our product candidates.

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In process research and development

In process research and development, or IPR&D, expenses include IPR&D acquired as part of an asset acquisition or in-license for which there is no alternative future use, are expensed as incurred.

IPR&D expenses consist of our upfront and milestone payments made to Pulmokine, Inc., in connection with the in-license of seralutinib, the value of our stock issued to former AA Biopharma Inc. shareholders, in connection with the acquisition of GB001, our upfront payments made to Aerpio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Aerpio, in connection with the in-license and subsequent amendment of the in-license of GB004, our upfront and milestone payments made to Adhaere Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Adhaere, in connection with the acquisition of GB1275, and upfront and milestone payments made in connection with the acquisition or in-license of certain preclinical programs.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and employee-related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel in executive, finance and other administrative functions. Other significant costs include facility-related costs, legal fees relating to intellectual property and corporate matters, professional fees for accounting and consulting services and insurance costs.

We expect our general and administrative expenses will increase for the foreseeable future to support our expanded infrastructure and increased costs of operating as a public company. These increases will likely include increased expenses related to audit, legal, regulatory, and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements, director and officer insurance premiums, and investor relations costs associated with operating as a public company.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net consists of (1) interest income on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, (2) sublease income, (3) interest expense related to our Credit Facility and our 2027 Notes, and (4) other miscellaneous income (expense).

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, costs and expenses. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions (See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements).

Accrued expenses

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date. This process involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with our personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual cost. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date based on facts and circumstances known to us at that time. We periodically confirm the accuracy of our estimates with the service providers and make adjustments if necessary. The significant estimates in our accrued research and development expenses include the costs incurred for services performed by our vendors in connection with research and development activities for which we have not yet been invoiced.

We base our expenses related to research and development activities on our estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to quotes and contracts with vendors that conduct research and development on our behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be instances in which payments made to our vendors will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment of the research and development expense. In accruing service fees, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or

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the level of effort varies from our estimate, we adjust the accrual or prepaid expense accordingly. Advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made.

Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, if our estimates of the status and timing of services performed differ from the actual status and timing of services performed, it could result in us reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period. To date, there have been no material differences between our estimates of such expenses and the amounts actually incurred.

Convertible Senior Notes

In accounting for the issuance of the 2027 Notes, we separated the 2027 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2027 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the condition for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes.

We allocated the issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2027 Notes based on their relative fair values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as a reduction to the liability portion of the 2027 Notes and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component, representing the conversion option, were netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

The following table sets forth our selected statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

(in thousands)

Operating expenses:

Other income (expense)

Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses were $160.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $143.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, for an increase of $17.5 million, which was primarily attributable to an increase of $4.4 million of costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials for GB004, an increase of $2.8 million of costs associated with preclinical and clinical trials for GB1275, an increase of $1.4 million of costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials for seralutinib, and an increase of $12.6 million of costs associated with preclinical studies for our other programs; offset by a decrease of $3.8 million of costs associated with preclinical research and clinical trials for GB001.

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The following table shows our research and development expenses by program for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

Years Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

In process research and development

IPR&D expenses were $23.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, for an increase of $19.8 million, which was primarily attributable to a $15.0 million payment to Aerpio in connection with the amendment to the in-license agreement of GB004 in 2020 and a milestone payment of $5.0 million in connection with the initiation of the first Phase 2 clinical trial of seralutinib in 2020.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses were $49.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $39.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, for an increase of $10.6 million, which was primarily attributable to a $9.2 million increase in stock-based compensation costs and a $2.4 million increase in personnel-related costs.

Other income (expense), net

Other expense, net was $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to other income, net of $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, for a decrease of $15.2 million, which was primarily related to a $10.7 million increase in interest expense, a $2.4 million decrease in investment income and a $2.1 million decrease in interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities during the period.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth our selected statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

(in thousands)

Operating expenses:

Other income (expense)

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Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses were $143.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $55.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, for an increase of $88.1 million, which was primarily attributable to an increase of $17.1 million of costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials for seralutinib, an increase of $17.0 million of costs associated with preclinical and clinical trials for GB001, an increase of $13.2 million of costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials for GB004, an increase of $12.7 million of costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials for GB1275, an increase of $8.8 million of costs associated with preclinical research for our other programs, and an increase of $19.3 million of costs related to personnel and other associated costs.

The following table shows our research and development expenses by program for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Years Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

In process research and development

IPR&D expenses were $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $49.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, for a decrease of $46.1 million, which was primarily attributable to our $20.0 million upfront payment made to Aerpio in connection with the in-license of GB004 in 2018, $19.1 million of costs associated with the issuance of our stock in connection with our acquisition of GB001 and AA Biopharma in 2018, and a $7.5 million upfront payment in connection with our acquisition of GB1275 and Adhaere in 2018.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses were $39.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to approximately $44.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, for a decrease of $5.0 million, which was primarily attributable to a $19.7 million decrease in stock-based compensation costs, partially offset by a $5.7 million increase in personnel-related costs, a $4.3 million increase in professional and legal fees, a $2.5 million increase associated with insurance costs, and a $1.3 million increase in facility and office-related costs.

Other income, net

Other income, net was $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, attributable to a $3.8 million increase in investment income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities during the period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred substantial operating losses since our inception and expect to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $577.5 million and $334.2 million, respectively.

Our primary use of cash is to fund operating expenses, which consist primarily of research and development expenditures, and to a lesser extent, general and administrative expenditures. We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with clinical trial sites and clinical supply manufacturers and with vendors for preclinical studies, research supplies and other services and products for operating purposes. Cash used to fund operating expenses is impacted by the timing of when we pay these expenses, as reflected in the change in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses.

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Under our license agreements with Pulmokine and Aerpio, as well as our other license and acquisition agreements, we have payment obligations that are contingent upon future events such as our achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones and are required to make royalty payments in connection with the sale of products developed under those agreements. As of December 31, 2020, we were unable to estimate the timing or likelihood of achieving the milestones or making future product sales. Other contractual obligations include future payments under our Credit Facility, 2027 Notes and existing operating leases.

From our inception through the year ended December 31, 2020, our operations have been financed primarily by gross proceeds of $942.0 million from the sale of our convertible preferred stock, convertible promissory note, proceeds from our IPO, proceeds from our Credit Facility, and proceeds from our concurrent underwritten public offerings of 2027 Notes and common stock. As of December 31, 2020, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $512.6 million. Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested in accordance with our investment policy, primarily with a view to capital preservation and liquidity.

On February 12, 2019, we closed our IPO and the underwriters in the IPO purchased 19,837,500 shares, including the full exercise of their option to purchase additional shares of common stock. The net proceeds from the IPO were $291.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs. In connection with the closing of the IPO, the outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock were converted into shares of common stock at a ratio of 4.5-to-one.

On May 2, 2019, we entered into the Credit Facility, as amended on September 18, 2019 and July 2, 2020, pursuant to which the lenders party thereto agreed to make term loans available to us for working capital and general business purposes, in a principal amount of up to $150.0 million in term loan commitments, including a $30.0 million term loan which was funded at the closing date, with the ability to access the remaining $120.0 million in two additional tranches (each $60.0 million). The remaining two tranches are available no earlier than the satisfaction of the applicable funding conditions, including the applicable clinical development milestones, and no later than December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2020, and through the date of this filing, no other tranches under the Credit Facility have been available.

On April 10, 2020, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3, or the Shelf Registration Statement, covering the offering from time to time of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units, which registration statement became automatically effective on April 10, 2020.

In May 2020, we issued $200.0 million aggregate principal amount 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2027 in a registered public offering. The interest rate on the 2027 Notes is fixed at 5.00% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year commencing on December 1, 2020. The total net proceeds from the 2027 Notes, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs, were approximately $193.6 million. Concurrent with the registered underwritten public offering of the 2027 Notes, we completed an underwritten public offering of 9,433,963 shares of our common stock. We received net proceeds of $117.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs. Our concurrent offerings of 2027 Notes and common stock were registered pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement.

Additional information about the Credit Facility and our long-term borrowings is presented in Note 5 “Long-term Debt” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by this reference.

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for each of the years shown below:

Years Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

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Operating activities

During the year ended December 31, 2020, operating activities used approximately $176.4 million of cash, primarily resulting from a net loss of $243.4 million, partially reduced by stock-based compensation expense of $38.7 million, IPR&D expenses of $23.4 million and amortization of long-term debt discount and issuance costs of $3.9 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, operating activities used approximately $144.8 million of cash, primarily resulting from a net loss of $180.3 million, partially reduced by stock-based compensation expense of $20.8 million, and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $12.3 million. Net cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of increases in accounts payable, accrued research and development expenses, and accrued expenses of $13.9 million, and an increase in other assets of $2.7 million due to long-term deposits for clinical development activities and property leases, partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets due to prepayments for clinical development activities, investments receivable, and receivables for stock option exercises of $4.4 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, operating activities used approximately $51.0 million of cash, primarily resulting from a net loss of $147.0 million, partially reduced by IPR&D expenses of $49.7 million, changes in operating assets and liabilities of $15.0 million and stock-based compensation expense of $30.9 million. Net cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of increases in accounts payable, accrued research and development expenses, and accrued expenses of $18.6 million, partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses due to prepayments for clinical development activities and security deposits of $2.8 million.

Investing activities

During the year ended December 31, 2020, investing activities provided approximately $215.3 million of cash, primarily resulting from the sales and maturities of marketable securities of $349.2 million, partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $109.0 million and upfront and milestone payments of $23.4 million made to third parties in connection with the in-license or acquisition of our clinical and preclinical programs.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, investing activities used approximately $147.1 million of cash, primarily resulting from the purchase of marketable securities of $499.1 million, partially offset by sales and maturities of investments of $358.5 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, investing activities used approximately $144.7 million of cash, primarily resulting from the upfront payment made to Aerpio of $20.0 million in connection with the in-license of GB004, upfront payments of $10.5 million in connection with the acquisition of our preclinical programs, the purchase of marketable securities of $123.5 million, and the purchase of property and equipment of $3.5 million, partially offset by $12.8 million of cash proceeds received from AA Biopharma in connection with our acquisition.

Financing activities

During the year ended December 31, 2020, financing activities provided $312.5 million of cash, primarily resulting from the concurrent registered underwritten public offerings of 2027 Notes and common stock for net proceeds of $193.6 million and $117.1 million, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, financing activities provided $321.6 million of cash, primarily resulting from the net proceeds from our IPO of $291.3 million, and proceeds from our Credit Facility of $30.0 million, offset by $1.8 million of debt issuance costs.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, financing activities provided $300.9 million of cash, primarily resulting from the net proceeds from issuance of our Series A and B convertible preferred stock of $303.0 million.

Funding requirements

Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and access to our Credit Facility, will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least the next 12 months. However, our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary materially. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we expect. Additionally, the process of testing product candidates in clinical trials is costly, and the timing of progress and expenses in these trials is uncertain.

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Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

•the type, number, scope, progress, expansions, results, costs and timing of, our preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates which we are pursuing or may choose to pursue in the future;

•the costs and timing of manufacturing for our product candidates;

•the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;

•the costs of obtaining, maintaining and enforcing our patents and other intellectual property rights;

•our efforts to enhance operational systems and hire additional personnel to satisfy our obligations as a public company, including enhanced internal controls over financial reporting;

•the costs associated with hiring additional personnel and consultants as our preclinical and clinical activities increase;

•the timing and amount of the milestone or other payments we must make to the licensors and other third parties from whom we have in-licensed our acquired our product candidates;

•the costs and timing of establishing or securing sales and marketing capabilities if any product candidate is approved;

•our ability to achieve sufficient market acceptance, coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors and adequate market share and revenue for any approved products;

•the terms and timing of establishing and maintaining collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements;

•costs associated with any products or technologies that we may in-license or acquire; and

•any delays and cost increases that result from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Until such time as we can generate substantial product revenues to support our cost structure, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity offerings, our Credit Facility, debt financings or other capital sources, including potentially collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements.

However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be or could be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise funds through collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us and/or may reduce the value of our common stock. Our failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and on our ability to pursue our business plans and strategies. If we are unable to raise additional capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product candidate development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market our product candidates even if we would otherwise prefer to develop and market such product candidates ourselves.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. As of December 31, 2020 our cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash and money market funds, and our marketable securities consisted of U.S. Treasury and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities.

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Due to the conservative nature of these instruments, we do not believe that we have a material exposure to interest rate risk. A 100 basis points change in interest rates would not have a significant impact on the total value of our portfolio.

Our outstanding debt under the Credit Facility bears interest at an annual rate equal to the sum of (i) one-month LIBOR (customarily defined, with a change to prime rate if LIBOR funding becomes unlawful or impractical), plus (ii) 7.00%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 2.00% and an interest rate ceiling of 16%. Given the floor and ceiling of the interest rate, a 10% change in market interest rates would increase annual interest expense and decrease cash flows by a maximum of $2.1 million.

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with our foreign operations where we conduct business in local currencies. We also contract with vendors that are located outside of the United States and certain invoices are denominated in foreign currencies. We are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency rates in connection with these arrangements. We do not currently hedge our foreign currency exchange rate risk. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had minimal assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and an immediate change of 10% in the exchange rate of the foreign currencies would result in a net impact of approximately $0.2 million in our consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statement of operations and other comprehensive loss.

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and clinical trial costs. We do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the periods presented.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The consolidated financial statements required pursuant to this item are incorporated by reference herein from the applicable information included in Item 15 of this annual report and are presented beginning on page F-1.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic and current reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. In addition, the design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in its 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. Pursuant to Section 404(c) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2020, which is included below.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Gossamer Bio, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Gossamer Bio, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2013 framework, (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Gossamer Bio, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”) and our report dated February 26, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

San Diego, California

February 26, 2021

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Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by this item will be contained in our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or the Definitive Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, under the headings “Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” “Our Executive Officers,” and, if applicable, “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our officers, directors and employees, which is available on our website at www.gossamerbio.com. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics contains general guidelines for conducting the business of our company consistent with the highest standards of business ethics and is intended to qualify as a “code of ethics” within the meaning of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Item 406 of Regulation S-K. In addition, we intend to promptly disclose (1) the nature of any amendment to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions and (2) the nature of any waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of our code of ethics that is granted to one of these specified officers, the name of such person who is granted the waiver and the date of the waiver on our website in the future.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this item will be set forth in the section headed “Executive Compensation and Other Information” in our Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this item will be set forth in the section headed “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K will be set forth in the section headed "Executive Compensation and Other Information" in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by this item will be set forth in the section headed “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” “Board Independence” and “Committees of the Board of Directors” in our Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The information required by this item will be set forth in the section headed “Independent Registered Public Accountants’ Fees” in our Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

(1)All Financial statements

The consolidated financial statements of Gossamer Bio, Inc., together with the report thereon of Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are included in this annual report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-1.

(2)Financial statement schedules

All schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(3)Exhibits

A list of exhibits is set form on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page of this annual report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 16. Form 10–K Summary.

None.

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Gossamer Bio, Inc.

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-1

Consolidated Balance Sheets F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss F-4

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Gossamer Bio, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gossamer Bio, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2013 framework, and our report dated February 26, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

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Accrued Research and Development Expenses

Convertible Senior Notes

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

San Diego, California

February 26, 2021

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GOSSAMER BIO, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and par value amounts)

December 31,

ASSETS

Current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 9,129 7,488

LIABILITIES, CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK, AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilities

Accrued research and development expenses 10,431 19,258

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 20,711 16,709

Long-term convertible senior notes 143,642 —

Operating lease liabilities - long-term 7,713 8,737

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income 599 258

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 539,433 $ 426,604

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GOSSAMER BIO, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Years Ended December 31,

Operating expenses:

Other income (expense)

Other comprehensive income:

Foreign currency translation, net of tax 441 (12) —

Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax (100) 331 (61)

Other comprehensive income (loss) 341 319 (61)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (3.55) $ (3.29) $ (22.59)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GOSSAMER BIO, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount

Vesting of restricted stock — — — — — — 2,369,696 1 — — — 1

Stock-based compensation — — — — — — — — 30,947 — — 30,947

Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — — — — — — — (61) (61)

Vesting of restricted stock — — — — — — 2,833,506 — — — — —

Stock-based compensation — — — — — — — — 20,819 — — 20,819

Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — — — — — — — 319 319

Equity component of convertible note issuance — — — — — — — — 53,635 — — 53,635

Vesting of restricted stock — — — — — — 2,557,375 — — — — —

Stock-based compensation — — — — — — — — 38,748 — — 38,748

Other additional paid-in capital — — — — — — — — 16 — — 16

Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — — — — — — — 341 341

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GOSSAMER BIO, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Years Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 2,859 2,172 —

Amortization of long-term debt discount and issuance costs 3,857 237 —

Net realized gain on investments (256) (28) —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (1,641) (4,393) (2,827)

Operating lease liabilities (2,851) (2,108) —

Accrued compensation and benefits 1,612 5,180 —

Accrued interest expense — — (117)

Cash flows from investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net 193,596 — —

Purchase of shares pursuant to Employee Stock Purchase Plan 1,300 — —

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 534 2,045 —

Proceeds from issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock, net — — 73,491

Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock, net — — 229,552

Repayment of notes payable to related parties — — (40)

Payment of deferred offering costs — — (2,144)

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:

Unpaid deferred offering costs - net $ — $ — $ 1,545

Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock $ — $ 338,367 $ —

Unpaid property and equipment $ 15 $ 183 $ —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Gossamer Bio, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1—Organization and Basis of Presentation

Gossamer Bio, Inc. (including its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutics in the disease areas of immunology, inflammation and oncology. The Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware on October 25, 2015 (originally as FSG Bio, Inc.) and is based in San Diego, California.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Gossamer Bio, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions among the consolidated entity have been eliminated in consolidation.

Initial Public Offering in February 2019

On February 12, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) with the sale of 19,837,500 shares of common stock, including shares of common stock issued upon the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $16.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $291.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company has incurred significant operating losses since its inception. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $577.5 million and $334.2 million, respectively.

From the Company’s inception through the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company has funded its operations primarily through equity financings and debt issuance. The Company raised $942.0 million from October 2017 through December 31, 2020 through Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock financings, a convertible note financing, its IPO, its Credit Facility (as defined in Note 5 below), and concurrent underwritten public offerings of its 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2027 (the "2027 Notes") and common stock in May 2020. See Note 5 for additional information regarding the Credit Facility and the 2027 Notes. In addition, the Company received $12.8 million in cash in connection with the January 2018 acquisition of AA Biopharma Inc.

The Company expects to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. As a result, the Company will need to raise capital through equity offerings, debt financings and other capital sources, including potential collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements. Management believes that it has sufficient working capital on hand to fund operations through at least the next twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in acquiring additional funding, that the Company’s projections of its future working capital needs will prove accurate, or that any additional funding would be sufficient to continue operations in future years.

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant business disruption around the globe. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and the impact on the Company’s clinical trials, employees and vendors. At this point, the degree to which COVID-19 has impacted and may continue to impact the Company’s financial condition or results of operations is uncertain. A prolonged pandemic could have a material and adverse impact on financial results and business operations of the Company, including the timing and ability of the Company to complete certain clinical trials and other efforts required to advance the development of its product candidates and raise additional capital. For example, the Company temporarily paused enrollment in its Phase 1b clinical trial in pulmonary arterial hypertension ("PAH") in 2020 as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, due to the challenges of enrolling patients posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company may experience delays in enrollment of patients in its Phase 2 clinical trials of GB004 in ulcerative colitis and of seralutinib, also known as GB002, in PAH, as well as delays in reporting data results from its ongoing trials.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to the allocation of the 2027 Notes into liability and equity components and accrued research and development expenses. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximate their fair value.

Marketable Securities

The Company considers securities with original maturities of greater than 90 days to be marketable securities. The Company has the ability, if necessary, to liquidate any of its cash equivalents and marketable securities to meet its liquidity needs in the next 12 months. Accordingly, those investments with contractual maturities greater than one year from the date of purchase are classified as current assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities. Marketable securities are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss. The estimated fair value of the marketable securities is determined based on quoted market prices or rates for similar instruments. The Company evaluates securities with unrealized losses to determine whether such losses, if any, are due to credit-related factors. The Company records an allowance for credit losses when unrealized losses are due to credit-related factors. Realized gains and losses are calculated using the specific identification method and recorded as interest income or expense. The Company does not generally intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity. The Company has determined that there were no material declines in fair values of its investments due to credit-related factors as of December 31, 2020.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash as of December 31, 2020, and 2019 represents cash held as collateral for the Company's facility leases. Restricted cash as of December 31, 2018 served as collateral for the Company’s corporate credit card program.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited in accounts at large financial institutions, and amounts may exceed federally insured limits. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which the cash and cash equivalents are held. The Company maintains its cash equivalents in U.S. Treasury and agency securities and commercial paper with maturities less than three months and in money market funds that invest in U.S. Treasury and agency securities.

The Company’s available for sale securities are also invested in U.S. Treasury and agency securities. The Company has not recognized any losses from credit risks on such accounts during any of the periods presented. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk on its cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities.

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Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net, which consists mainly of office equipment and leasehold improvements, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to seven years, using the straight-line method.

Convertible Senior Notes

In accounting for the issuance of the 2027 Notes, the Company separated the 2027 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2027 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the condition for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes.

The Company allocated the issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2027 Notes based on their relative fair values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as a reduction to the liability portion of the 2027 Notes and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component, representing the conversion option, were netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity.

Leases

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as adopted on January 1, 2019, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities at the present value of the lease payments calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, unless the implicit rate is readily available. The Company applied the short-term lease recognition exemption for leases with terms at inception not greater than 12 months and elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for its long-term leases. The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Research and Development

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials (including amounts paid to clinical research organizations and other professional services) and in process research and development expenses. Payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development are capitalized until the goods or services are received.

The Company records accruals for estimated research and development costs, comprising payments for work performed by third party contractors, laboratories, participating clinical trial sites, and others. Some of these contractor’s bill monthly based on actual services performed, while others bill periodically based upon achieving certain contractual milestones. For the latter, the Company accrues the expenses as goods or services are used or rendered. Clinical trial site costs related to patient enrollment are accrued as patients enter and progress through the trial. Upfront costs, such as costs associated with setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials, are expensed immediately once incurred as research and development expenses.

Patent Costs

Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred, as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain. These costs are included in general and administrative expenses.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

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The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740. When uncertain tax positions exist, the Company recognizes the tax benefit of tax positions to the extent that the benefit would more likely than not be realized assuming examination by the taxing authority. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using current enacted tax rates. Valuation allowances are recorded when the realizability of such deferred tax assets does not meet a more-likely-than-not threshold. For tax benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and California, Ireland and Luxembourg. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s tax years since inception are subject to examination by taxing authorities due to the Company’s unutilized net operating losses ("NOLs") and tax credits.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company expenses stock-based compensation to employees and non-employees over the requisite service period based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards. The Company records the expense for stock-based compensation awards subject to performance-based milestone vesting over the requisite service period when management determines that achievement of the milestone is probable. Management evaluates when the achievement of a performance-based milestone is probable based on the expected satisfaction of the performance conditions at each reporting date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants and shares purchasable under the Company's 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock units based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. All share-based compensation costs are recorded in the statements of operations based upon the underlying employees or non-employee’s roles within the Company.

Foreign Currency

Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in a local currency environment, where that local currency is the functional currency, are translated to U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates during the year which approximate the rates in effect at the transaction dates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense) in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—To Be Adopted

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt: Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own equity. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently assessing the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements or related financial statement disclosures.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking expected loss model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than as reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related financial statement disclosures.

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Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company uses the if-converted method for assumed conversion of the 2027 Notes to compute the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for diluted net loss per share. Diluted net loss per share excludes the potential impact of the Company's Series Seed convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock, and Series B convertible preferred stock, common stock options and unvested shares of restricted stock and the potential shares issuable upon conversion of the 2027 Notes because their effect would be anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net loss. Since the Company had a net loss in each of the periods presented, basic and diluted net loss per common share are the same.

The table below provides potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of the diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive:

December 31,

Note 3—Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Operating lease liabilities, current 3,633 2,354

Accrued interest, current 1,094 —

Accrued accounting fees 285 173

Accrued in process research and development 225 1,600

Note 4—Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

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The Company classifies its cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments within Level 1 or Level 2. The fair value of the Company’s investment grade corporate debt securities and commercial paper is determined using proprietary valuation models and analytical tools, which utilize market pricing or prices for similar instruments that are both objective and publicly available, such as matrix pricing or reported trades, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, and offers.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the hierarchy for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements at End of Period Using:

U.S. Treasury and agency securities 18,280 18,280 — —

U.S. Treasury and agency securities 91,717 91,717 — —

The Company did not reclassify any investments between levels in the fair value hierarchy during the periods presented.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash, interest receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate fair values because of their short maturities.

Interest receivable as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $0.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and is recorded as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company believes that its Credit Facility bears interest at a rate that approximates prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics and, accordingly, the carrying value of the Credit Facility approximates fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of long-term debt utilizing an income approach. The Company uses a present value calculation to discount principal and interest payments and the final maturity payment on these liabilities using a discounted cash flow model based on observable inputs. The debt instrument is then discounted based on what the current market rates would be as of the reporting date. Based on the assumptions used to value these liabilities at fair value, the debt instrument is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

As of December 31, 2020 the fair value of the Company's 2027 Notes was $198.5 million. The fair value was determined on the basis of market prices observable for similar instruments and is considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy (see Note 5).

Available for Sale Investments

The Company invests its excess cash in U.S. Treasury and agency securities and debt instruments of corporations and commercial obligations, which are classified as available-for-sale investments. These investments are carried at fair value and are included in the tables below. The Company evaluates securities with unrealized losses to determine whether such losses, if any, are due to credit-related factors. Realized gains and losses are calculated using the specific identification method and recorded as interest income or expense. The Company does not generally intend to sell the

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investments and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.

The aggregate market value, cost basis, and gross unrealized gains and losses of available-for-sale investments by security type, classified in marketable securities and long-term investments as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

AmortizedCost GrossUnrealizedGains GrossUnrealizedLosses TotalFair Value

Marketable securities

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company classified $18.3 million and $18.7 million, respectively, of assets with original maturities of 90 days or less as cash equivalents.

At each reporting date, the Company performs an evaluation of impairment to determine if any unrealized losses are due to credit-related factors. The Company records an allowance for credit losses when unrealized losses are due to credit-related factors. Factors considered when evaluating available-for-sale investments for impairment include the severity of the impairment, changes in underlying credit ratings, the financial condition of the issuer, the probability that the scheduled cash payments will continue to be made and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment until recovery of the amortized cost basis. The Company intends and has the ability to hold its investments in unrealized loss positions until their amortized cost basis has been recovered. As of December 31, 2020, there were no material declines in the market value of the Company's available-for-sale investments due to credit-related factors.

Contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities, as of December 31, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):

EstimatedFair Value

Due within one year $ 26,573

One to two years —

Note 5—Indebtedness

Credit Facility

On May 2, 2019, the Company entered into a credit, guaranty and security agreement, as amended on September 18, 2019 and July 2, 2020 (the “Credit Facility”), with MidCap Financial Trust (“MidCap”), as agent and lender, and the additional lenders party thereto from time to time (together with MidCap, the “Lenders”), pursuant to which the Lenders, including affiliates of MidCap and Silicon Valley Bank, agreed to make term loans available to the Company for working capital and general business purposes, in a principal amount of up to $150.0 million in term loan commitments, including a $30.0 million term loan that was funded at the closing date, with the ability to access the remaining $120.0 million in two additional tranches (each $60.0 million), subject to specified availability periods, the achievement of certain clinical development milestones, minimum cash requirements and other customary conditions. The Company, GB001, Inc., GB002, Inc., and GB004, Inc., each wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, are designated as co-borrowers to the Credit Facility, whereas GB003, Inc., GB005, Inc., GB006, Inc., GB007, Inc., GB008, Inc., and Gossamer Bio Services, Inc.,each wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, are designated as guarantors. The remaining two tranches are available no earlier than the satisfaction of the applicable funding conditions, including the applicable clinical development milestones, and no later than December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2020, no other tranches under the Credit Facility have been available. The Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and its domestic subsidiaries’ personal property, including intellectual property.

Each term loan under the Credit Facility bears interest at an annual rate equal to the sum of (i) one-month LIBOR (customarily defined, with a change to prime rate if LIBOR funding becomes unlawful or impractical) plus (ii) 7.00%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 2.00%. The Company is required to make interest-only payments on the term loan for all payment dates prior to July 1, 2022. The term loans under the Credit Facility will begin amortizing on July 1, 2022, with equal monthly payments of principal plus interest being made by the Company to the Lenders in consecutive monthly installments following

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such interest-only period until the Credit Facility matures on January 1, 2025. Upon final repayment of the term loans, the Company must pay an exit fee of 1.75% of the amount borrowed under the Credit Facility, less any partial exit fees previously paid. Upon partial prepayment of a portion of the term loans, the Company must pay a partial exit fee of 1.75% of the principal being prepaid. At the Company’s option, the Company may prepay the outstanding principal balance of the term loan in whole or in part, subject to a prepayment fee of 3.00% of any amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs through and including the first anniversary of the second amendment effective date, 2.00% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs after the first anniversary of the second amendment effective date through and including the second anniversary of the second amendment effective date, and 1.00% of any amount prepaid after the second anniversary of the second amendment effective date and prior to January 1, 2025.

The Credit Facility includes affirmative and negative covenants applicable to the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. The affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring such entities to maintain their legal existence and governmental approvals, deliver certain financial reports, maintain insurance coverage, maintain property, pay taxes, satisfy certain requirements regarding accounts and comply with laws and regulations. The negative covenants include, among others, restrictions on such entities from transferring collateral, incurring additional indebtedness, engaging in mergers or acquisitions, paying dividends or making other distributions, making investments, creating liens, amending material agreements and organizational documents, selling assets and suffering a change in control, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are also subject to an ongoing minimum cash financial covenant in which they must maintain unrestricted cash in an amount not less than 25% of the outstanding principal amount of the term loans. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The Credit Facility also includes events of default, the occurrence and continuation of which could cause interest to be charged at the rate that is otherwise applicable plus 3.00% and would provide MidCap, as agent, with the right to exercise remedies against the Company and/or certain of its subsidiaries, and the collateral securing the Credit Facility, including foreclosure against the properties securing the credit facilities, including cash. These events of default include, among other things, failure to pay any amounts due under the Credit Facility, a breach of covenants under the Credit Facility, insolvency or the occurrence of insolvency events, the occurrence of a change in control, the occurrence of certain U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") and regulatory events, failure to remain registered with the SEC and listed for trading on Nasdaq, the occurrence of a material adverse change, the occurrence of a default under a material agreement reasonably expected to result in a material adverse change, the occurrence of certain defaults under certain other indebtedness in an amount greater than $2.5 million and the occurrence of certain defaults under subordinated indebtedness and convertible indebtedness.

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2020 consisted of the following (in thousands):

Debt discount and issuance costs (1,256)

The scheduled future minimum principal payments are as follows (in thousands):

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5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027

On May 21, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2027 in a public offering. The 2027 Notes were registered pursuant to the Company’s Shelf Registration Statement (as defined in Note 8 below). The interest rate on the 2027 Notes is fixed at 5.00% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing on December 1, 2020. The 2027 Notes will mature on June 1, 2027. The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs, were approximately $193.6 million. The 2027 Notes may be settled in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, solely at the Company’s election. The initial conversion rate of the 2027 Notes is 61.6095 shares per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $16.23 per share, subject to adjustments. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such a corporate event during the related redemption period in certain circumstances.

The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company, ranking senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2027 Notes, and are effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness, including all indebtedness under the Credit Facility.

Holders may convert their notes at their option only in the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2020, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s common stock; (4) if the Company calls such notes for redemption; and (5) at any time from, and including, March 1, 2027 until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date.

The Company will not have the right to redeem the 2027 Notes prior to June 6, 2024. On or after June 6, 2024 and on or before the 50th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the Company may redeem the 2027 Notes, in whole or in part, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect on (1) each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. In the case of any optional redemption, the Company will redeem the 2027 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date of the 2027 Notes, holders of the 2027 Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their 2027 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The indenture governing the 2027 Notes provides for customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default, either the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes then outstanding may declare the unpaid principal amount of the 2027 Notes and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with these covenants. In the case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal amount of the 2027 Notes together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon will automatically become and be immediately due and payable.

As of December 31, 2020, there were no events or market conditions that would allow holders to convert the 2027 Notes. At the time the 2027 Notes become convertible within 12 months of the balance sheet date, the carrying value of the 2027 Notes will be reclassified to short-term.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2027 Notes, the Company separated the 2027 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $53.5 million and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par

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value of the 2027 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes at an effective interest rate of 11.17% over the contractual terms of the 2027 Notes.

In accounting for the debt issuance costs of $0.4 million related to the 2027 Notes, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2027 Notes based on their relative fair values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $0.3 million and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual terms of the 2027 Notes.Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

The net carrying amount of the liability component of the 2027 Notes was as follows (in thousands):

Unamortized debt discount (56,080) —

Unamortized debt issuance cost (278) —

Net carrying amount $ 143,642 $ —

The net carrying amount of the equity component of the 2027 Notes was as follows (in thousands):

Debt discount related to the value of conversion option $ 53,635 $ —

Debt issuance cost (109) —

Net carrying amount $ 53,526 $ —

The following table sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the 2027 Notes (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Contractual interest expense $ 6,139 $ — $ —

Amortization of debt discount 3,555 — —

Amortization of debt issuance cost 17 — —

Total interest expense related to the 2027 Notes $ 9,711 $ — $ —

Note 6—License and Asset Acquisitions

The following purchased assets were accounted for as asset acquisitions as substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired were concentrated in a group of similar assets and/or the acquired assets were not capable of producing outputs due to the lack of employees and early stage of development. Because the assets had not yet received regulatory approval, the fair value attributable to these assets was recorded as in process research and development (“IPR&D”) expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018.

The Company accounts for contingent consideration payable upon achievement of certain regulatory, development or sales milestones in such asset acquisitions when the underlying contingency is resolved.

License from Pulmokine, Inc. (Seralutinib)

On October 2, 2017, the Company, entered into a license agreement with Pulmokine, Inc. under which it was granted an exclusive worldwide license and sublicense to certain intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Pulmokine to develop and commercialize seralutinib and certain backup compounds for the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of any and all disease or conditions. The Company also has the right to sublicense its rights under the license agreement, subject to certain conditions. The assets acquired are in the early stages of the FDA approval process, and the Company intends to further develop the assets acquired through potential FDA approval as evidenced by the milestone arrangement in the contract. The development activities cannot be performed without significant cost and effort by the Company. The agreement will remain in effect from the effective date, unless terminated earlier, until, on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis, the later of ten years from the date of first commercial sale or when there is no longer a valid patent claim covering such

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licensed product or specified regulatory exclusivity for the licensed product in such country. The Company is obligated to make future development and regulatory milestone payments of up to $58.0 million, commercial milestone payments of up to $45.0 million, and sales milestone payments of up to $190.0 million. The Company is also obligated to pay tiered royalties on sales for each licensed product, at percentages ranging from the mid-single digits to the high single-digits. The Company made an upfront payment of $5.5 million in October 2017. In December 2020, the Company accrued a milestone payment of $5.0 million in connection with the initiation of the first Phase 2 clinical trial of seralutinib.

AA Biopharma Inc. Acquisition (GB001)

On January 4, 2018, the Company acquired AA Biopharma Inc. pursuant to a merger agreement, and with the acquisition acquired the rights to GB001 and certain backup compounds. In connection with the merger agreement, the Company issued an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of Series Seed convertible preferred stock and 1,101,278 shares of common stock to the AA Biopharma shareholders. The Company recorded IPR&D of $19.3 million in connection with the acquisition of AA Biopharma.

License from Aerpio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (GB004)

On June 24, 2018, the Company entered into a license agreement with Aerpio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Aerpio”) under which the Company was granted an exclusive worldwide license and sublicense to certain intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Aerpio to develop and commercialize GB004, and certain other related compounds for all applications. The Company made an upfront payment of $20.0 million in June 2018, which represented the purchase consideration for an asset acquisition. On May 11, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the license agreement with Aerpio pursuant to which the Company made an upfront payment of $15.0 million to Aerpio for a reduction in future milestone payments and royalties. Under the amended license agreement, the Company is obligated to make future approval milestone payments of up to $40.0 million and a sales milestone payment of $50.0 million. The Company also has the right to sublicense its rights under the license agreement, subject to certain conditions. The Company is also obligated to pay tiered royalties on sales for each licensed product, at percentages ranging from low- to mid-single digits, subject to certain customary reductions. Aerpio retains its twenty percent (20.00%) participation right on a disposition of GB004. As of December 31, 2020, no milestones had been accrued as the underlying contingencies had not yet been resolved.

Adhaere Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Acquisition (GB1275)

On September 21, 2018, the Company acquired Adhaere Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to a merger agreement for an upfront payment of $7.5 million in cash, and with the acquisition acquired the rights to GB1275 and certain backup compounds. The Company is obligated to make future regulatory, development and sales milestone payments of up to $62.0 million and pay tiered royalties on worldwide net sales, at percentages ranging from low to mid-single digits, subject to customary reductions. The Company recorded IPR&D of $7.5 million in connection with the acquisition of Adhaere. In May 2019, the Company made a milestone payment of $1.0 million in connection with the filing of the Investigational New Drug application for the GB1275 program. As of December 31, 2020, no other milestones had been accrued as the underlying contingencies had not yet been resolved.

The Company recorded the following IPR&D expense on the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Seralutinib $ 5,000 $ — $ —

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Note 7—Income Taxes

The amount of net loss before taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 is as follows:

December 31,

(in thousands)

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are shown below. The Company has established a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty that such assets will be realized. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred assets. At such time as it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized, the valuation allowance will be reduced. The change in the valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2020 was an increase of $38.9 million.

December 31,

(in thousands)

Deferred tax assets:

Deferred tax liabilities:

Convertible senior notes (10,592) — —

Property, plant and equipment (776) (57) (16)

Stock-based compensation — — (1,057)

Net deferred tax asset $ — $ — $ —

At December 31, 2020, the Company has federal and California NOL carryforwards of approximately $310.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The federal NOL carryforwards generated prior to January 1, 2018 begin to expire in 2034. The federal NOL generated after 2017 of $307.7 million can be carried forward indefinitely but may only be used to offset up to 80% of the Company's taxable income in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020. The California NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2036. At December 31, 2020, the Company has foreign NOL carryforwards of approximately $101.1 million that can be carried forward indefinitely.

At December 31, 2020, the Company also has orphan drug credit and federal research tax credit carryforwards of approximately $17.9 million and California research tax credits of $5.4 million. The federal research tax credit carryforwards begin to expire in 2038 and the California research tax credit carryforward does not expire and can be carried forward indefinitely until utilized.

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A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:

December 31,

State income taxes, net of federal benefit — % — % — %

Research and experimentation credits 2.76 % 3.81 % 0.77 %

Foreign rate differential (1.64 %) (1.84 %) (1.74 %)

Stock-based compensation (1.81 %) — % (2.6 %)

In process research and development — % — % (3.92 %)

Provision for income taxes — % — % — %

The NOL carryforward may be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), and similar state provisions if the Company experienced one or more ownership changes which would limit the amount of NOL and tax credit carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future taxable income and tax respectively. In general, an ownership change as defined by Section 382 and 383, results from the transactions increasing ownership of certain stockholders or public groups in the stock of the corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. In connection with the Company’s IPO in February 2019, the Company experienced an ownership change for the purposes of Section 382 and 383 of the Code. The ownership change did not result in the forfeiture of any NOLs or credits generated prior to this date. Consequently, the Company’s federal and state NOLs and tax credits generated through February 2019 will be subject to annual limitations. If a change in ownership occurs in the future, the NOL and tax credits carryforwards could be eliminated or restricted. If eliminated, the related asset would be removed from the deferred tax asset schedule with a corresponding reduction in the valuation allowance. Due to the existence of the valuation allowance, limitations created by future ownership changes, if any, will not impact the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States, California, Ireland, and Luxembourg. Due to the Company’s unutilized NOLs and credits, the Company is subject to the income tax examination by authorities since inception. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as tax expense. As of December 31, 2020, 2019, or 2018, there were no significant accruals for interest related to unrecognized tax benefits or tax penalties.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, but are not limited to (a) reducing the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018; (b) eliminating the federal corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; and (c) eliminating several business deductions and credits, including deductions for certain executive compensation in excess of $1 million.

As a result of the rate reduction, the Company reduced the deferred tax asset balance as of December 31, 2018 by $0.8 million. Due to the Company's full valuation allowance position, there was no net impact on the Company’s income tax provision at December 31, 2018 as the reduction in the deferred tax asset balance was fully offset by a corresponding decrease in the valuation allowance.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for 2020, 2019, and 2018, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows:

December 31,

(in thousands)

Balance at beginning of the year $ 2,754 $ 408 $ —

Increase related to current year positions 2,306 2,346 408

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2020 is $5.1 million that, if recognized, would not impact the Company’s income tax benefit or effective tax rate as long as our deferred tax asset remains subject to a

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full valuation allowance. The Company does not expect any significant increases or decreases to our unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity

In connection with the Company’s IPO, the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series Seed, Series A, and Series B convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 30,493,460 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. Common stock owners are entitled to dividends when funds are legally available and declared by the Board.

Shelf Registration Statement and Stock Offering

On April 10, 2020, the Company filed a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3, covering the offering from time to time of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units, which registration statement became automatically effective on April 10, 2020 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”).

On May 21, 2020, the Company completed a public offering of 9,433,963 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $13.25 per share. The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs, were approximately $117.1 million. The shares sold in the offering were registered pursuant to the Company’s Shelf Registration Statement.

Shares of Common Stock Subject to Repurchase

On December 3, 2015, the Company issued 9,160,888 shares of common stock as founder shares for services rendered to the Company, valued at $0.0001 par value per share, for a total of approximately $4,100 (the “founder shares”). On January 4, 2018, incremental vesting conditions were placed on the previously issued founder shares. Fifty percent of the previously issued founder shares vested on January 4, 2018, and the remaining founder shares are subject to vesting restrictions over a period of five years. These shares are subject to repurchase by the Company upon a founder's termination of employment or service to the Company.

Pursuant to the employment agreements with the Company’s founders executed January 4, 2018, the Company provided for certain potential additional issuances of common stock (the “anti-dilution shares”) to each of the founders to ensure the total number of shares of common stock held by them and their affiliates (inclusive of any shares subject to equity awards granted by the Company and the Founders’ Equity) would represent 15% of the Company’s fully-diluted capitalization until such time as the Company raised $300.0 million in equity capital, including the capital raised in the Series A financing.

In furtherance of this obligation, on May 21, 2018, the Company issued 251,547 shares of common stock to the founders for services rendered to the Company, valued at $2.61 per share with an additional 251,547 shares of restricted stock subject to the same vesting restrictions and vesting period as the founder shares. In addition, on September 6, 2018, the Company issued 1,795,023 shares of common stock to the founders for services rendered to the Company, valued at $9.63 per share, with an additional 1,795,023 shares of restricted stock subject to the same vesting restrictions and vesting period as the founder shares.

In November 2017, in connection with the issuance of the Series A convertible preferred stock, certain employees entered into stock restriction agreements, whereby 1,305,421 shares are subject to repurchase by the Company upon the stockholder’s termination of employment or service to the Company.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, 441,801 shares were forfeited due to termination of employment. Any shares subject to repurchase by the Company are not deemed, for accounting purposes, to be outstanding until those shares vest. As such, the Company recognizes the measurement date fair value of the restricted stock over the vesting period as compensation expense. As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 1,649,348 shares, 4,648,526 shares and 7,482,032 shares of common stock, respectively, were subject to repurchase by the Company. The unvested stock liability related to these awards is immaterial to all periods presented.

Note 9—Equity Incentive Plans

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

In January 2019, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved and adopted the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The 2019 Plan became effective on February 6, 2019, the day prior to the

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effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with the IPO. Under the 2019 Plan, the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock or cash-based awards to individuals who are then employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company, and employees and consultants of the Company’s subsidiaries. A total of 5,750,000 shares of common stock were approved to be initially reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan. The number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2017 Plan (as defined below) as of the effective date of the 2019 Plan were, and shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2017 Plan as of the effective date of the 2019 Plan that are subsequently canceled, forfeited or repurchased by the Company will be added to the shares reserved under the 2019 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan will be automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year during the ten-year term of the 2019 Plan, beginning with January 1, 2020 and ending with January 1, 2029, by an amount equal to 5% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s common stock on December 31 of the preceding calendar year or such lesser amount as determined by the Company’s board of directors. As of December 31, 2020, an aggregate of 1,609,830 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 7,140,993 shares of common stock were subject to outstanding awards under the 2019 Plan.

2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In January 2019, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved and adopted the ESPP. The ESPP became effective as of February 6, 2019, the day prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with the IPO. The ESPP permits participants to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 20% of their eligible compensation. A total of 700,000 shares of common stock were approved to be initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP will be automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year during the first ten-years of the term of the ESPP, beginning with January 1, 2020 and ending with January 1, 2029, by an amount equal to 1% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s common stock on December 31 of the preceding calendar year or such lesser amount as determined by the Company’s board of directors. During the year ended December 31, 2020, 113,286 shares were issued pursuant to the ESPP. As of December 31, 2020, an aggregate of 1,249,554 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP.

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) permitted the granting of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards. Subsequent to the adoption of the 2019 Plan, no additional equity awards can be made under the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2020, 3,941,562 shares of common stock were subject to outstanding options under the 2017 Plan, and 268,719 shares of restricted stock awards granted under the 2017 plan were unvested.

Fair Value of Stock Option Awards

The fair value of each employee and non-employee stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company estimates its expected volatility based on the historical volatility of a publicly traded set of peer companies. Due to the lack of historical exercise history, the expected term of the Company’s stock options for employees has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards. The expected term of stock options granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the option award. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is zero based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

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The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of stock option awards granted to employees under the Company’s equity incentive plans and the shares purchasable under the ESPP during the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,

Employee Stock Options

Dividend yield — — —

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Dividend yield — — N/A

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

Shares Weighted-AverageExercisePrice

(in thousands)

Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 — $ — 0.0 $ —

Options exercised — $ —

Options forfeited/cancelled (36,222) $ 4.85

The weighted-average grant date fair value per share for the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $9.82, $13.17 and $4.87, respectively.

The aggregate fair value of stock options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $29.9 million, $7.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table is calculated as the difference between fair value of the Company’s common stock price and the exercise price of the stock options. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.1 million and $6.9 million, respectively. There were no stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation related to unvested stock option awards granted was $48.1 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years.

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Restricted Stock

The summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

Number ofRestrictedStock UnitsOutstanding Weighted-AverageGrant DateFair Value

Granted — —

Forfeited — —

At December 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation related to unvested restricted stock awards granted was $18.8 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense has been reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

In connection with the departure of the Company's former President and Chief Executive Officer in November 2020, the Company recognized $5.5 million of incremental stock-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2020, due to a modification of the executive's existing restricted stock award, which included 18 months of accelerated vesting of the executive's outstanding restricted stock in accordance with the terms of the executive's transition agreement.

As of December 31, 2020, total unrecognized compensation expense related to the ESPP was $1.4 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1 year.

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