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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from: to

Commission File No. 001-37463

GLAUKOS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

229 Avenida FabricanteSan Clemente, California 92672

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)

(949) 367-9600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock GKOS New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files) Yes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. (See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, the aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing sales price for the registrant’s common stock as reported on The New York Stock Exchange, was $3,792 million.

The number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding as of February 23, 2022(latest practicable date) was 47,053,318 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the close of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

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PAGE

PART I

Item 1. Business. 1

Item 1A. Risk Factors. 16

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. 31

Item 2. Properties. 32

Item 3. Legal Proceedings. 32

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. 33

PART II

Item 6. [Reserved]. 36

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. 51

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. 52

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. 92

Item 9B. Other Information. 94

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections. 94

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. 95

Item 11. Executive Compensation. 96

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. 99

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. 100

We use Glaukos, our logo, iStent, iStent inject, iStent infinite, iPrism, iDose, iPRIME, MIGS, Avedro, Photrexa, iLink, KXL, Epioxa, iLution, Retina XR and other marks as trademarks. This report contains references to our trademarks and service marks and to those belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this report, including logos, artwork and other visual displays, may appear without the ® or TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate in any way that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other entities’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other entity.

References throughout this document to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or “Glaukos” refer to Glaukos Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). These statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. Some of the statements under Item 1 - “Business,” Item 1A - “Risk Factors,” Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words.

These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, about which we cannot be certain.

In addition, you should refer to the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if the forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains market data and industry forecasts that were obtained from industry publications. These data involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such information. Although we believe that the industry publications on which the market and industry statements are based are reliable and we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any market data or industry forecasts presented herein, we have not independently verified any of the third party information. Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding our market position, market opportunity, market size and our general expectations involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under Item 1A - “Risk Factors” and Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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PART I

ITEM 1.BUSINESS

Overview

Glaukos is an ophthalmic medical technology and pharmaceutical company focused on developing novel therapies for the treatment of glaucoma, corneal disorders, and retinal disease. We first developed Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) as an alternative to the traditional glaucoma treatment paradigm, launching our first MIGS device commercially in 2012, and have since developed a portfolio of technologically distinct and leverageable platforms to support ongoing pharmaceutical and medical device innovations. Products or product candidates for each of these platforms are designed to advance the standard of care through better treatment options across the areas of glaucoma, corneal disorders such as keratoconus, dry eye and refractive vision correction, and retinal diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Ophthalmic diseases and disorders are a national and global health concern and, as the population ages, the number of individuals with vision impairment and blindness is increasing. Moreover, improving access to cost-effective tools is increasing the diagnosis of sight-threatening ocular diseases globally and driving demand for innovative products, technologies, and therapies that improve clinical outcomes, and provide ease of use and reliability. In response to the significant unmet needs that exist within ophthalmology we have designed commercial and development-stage solutions to provide ophthalmologists with various treatment options.

Our commercial solutions and development-stage product candidates include:

•MIGS products that primarily involve the insertion of a micro-scale device or drug delivery system designed to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by restoring the natural aqueous humor outflow pathways for patients suffering from glaucoma and MIGS biosensors to measure pressure within the eye;

•bio-activated pharmaceuticals that are intended to strengthen, stabilize, and reshape the cornea for patients impacted by corneal ectatic disorders such as keratoconus or refractive disorders;

•transdermal pharmaceuticals that are applied to the eyelid and designed to treat dry eye, presbyopia, glaucoma and other ocular surface diseases and disorders; and

•proprietary micro-invasive, bio-erodible sustained release drug delivery implants that are designed to elute pharmaceuticals over time to improve the vision of patients impacted by retinal diseases such as AMD, DME, and RVO;

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Current Economic Environment

While the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic slowdown materially impacted the global demand for our products starting March 2020, we began to see an early recovery toward more normalized levels for cataract and keratoconus procedures as early as May 2020, a trend that generally continued, with periodic volatility in certain geographies in which we operate, through December 31, 2021. Most recently the Omicron variant has led to a material increase in diagnosed cases worldwide, creating new government restrictions in select geographies and impacting elective procedures in hospital and ambulatory surgery center sites. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread staffing shortages, including in ambulatory surgery centers, which may also impact elective procedures. These trends accelerated at the end of December 2021 and continued through the date herein.

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COVID-19 on the timing of completion of our clinical trials and the expected regulatory approvals for our pipeline products, our disclosed targeted approval dates anticipate, to our best estimate, such impact.

Additionally, some of our vendors are continuing to experience supply challenges, both in the acquisition of raw materials as well as due to limited headcount resources, and we have experienced higher costs for certain raw materials. These challenges have led to delays and partial or unfulfilled deliveries of certain components needed for the manufacture of our products, in some cases requiring us to find second sources for materials. If these delays and partial or unfulfilled deliveries persist, they could impact our ability to ship some of our products to our customers, or bring some of our pipeline products to market, in a timely manner. We believe that much of these supply challenges and higher costs stem from the ongoing obstacles presented by COVID-19.

The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations going forward is unknown and will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration and severity of the COVID-19 outbreak, the status of health and safety actions taken to contain its spread, the severity and transmission rates of new variants of COVID-19 such as the Omicron strain, the availability, distribution, and efficacy of vaccines for COVID-19, any additional preventative and protective actions that governments, or we, may take, any future surges of COVID-19 that may occur, the dynamics associated with the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines, and how quickly and to what extent economic and operating conditions normalize within the markets in which we operate. For additional information, see the section titled Risks Related to Our Business within Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Developments

2022 U.S. reimbursement rates

On November 2, 2021, the United States (U.S.) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) published its final rules for 2022 Medicare physician fee payment rates and 2022 Medicare facility fee payment rates for services furnished in both the ambulatory surgery center and hospital outpatient settings (Final Rules). These Final Rules superseded the proposed rates that were issued by CMS in July 2021 which were much lower than the rates issued in the Final Rules. Compared to the 2021 reimbursement rates, the Final Rules contained a new, significantly lower physician fee related to the implantation of trabecular bypass stents, such as our iStent family of products, in conjunction with cataract surgery. Conversely, the facility fee schedule related to surgeries that include implantation of trabecular bypass stents, such as our iStent family of products, in conjunction with cataract surgery, slightly decreases reimbursements to an ambulatory surgery center and increases reimbursements to a hospital. We estimate that approximately 80% of procedures utilizing our trabecular micro-bypass technologies in the U.S. are performed in the ambulatory surgery center setting and the remaining estimated 20% of procedures are performed in the hospital. Additionally, the Final Rules established facility fee payment rates that were lower than anticipated for standalone insertion of an aqueous drainage device in the ambulatory surgery center and hospital settings, which would be the procedure that such facilities would use with our iStent infinite product, which is not yet approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. These CMS reimbursement rates contained in the Final Rules took effect January 1, 2022.

U.S. Glaucoma volumes were negatively impacted during our third and fourth quarter of 2021 as typical customer ordering patterns were disrupted and trialing of competitive products increased in anticipation of the potential 2022 CMS physician and facility fee reimbursement rate decreases becoming effective as originally proposed in July 2021. The physician fee reimbursement rate as issued in the Final Rules may have an adverse impact on 2022 procedural iStent family product volumes, in conjunction with cataract surgery as well as on our 2022 U.S. combo-cataract Glaucoma revenues, gross profit, and net income, the full extent of which is not known at this time.

Attillaps License Agreement

On September 20, 2021, we announced that we had entered into a licensing agreement (Attillaps License Agreement) with Attillaps Holdings, Inc. (Attillaps) under which Attillaps granted us a global exclusive license to Attillaps’ proprietary library of investigational pharmaceutical compounds that target the eradication of Demodex mites, which are the root cause of Demodex blepharitis and often associated with meibomian gland dysfunction and related ophthalmic diseases. Under the Attillaps Licensing Agreement, we have the exclusive global right to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize products using certain acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of ophthalmic

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diseases caused by Demodex mites. We paid $5.0 million upon the signing of the Attillaps License Agreement and will have ongoing milestone and royalty payment obligations depending on the success of the development, approval and commercialization of the compounds.

Settlement of Patent Litigation

On September 14, 2021, we entered into a settlement agreement (Settlement Agreement) with Ivantis, Inc. (Ivantis), pursuant to which we and Ivantis agreed to terminate the patent infringement lawsuit we had filed against Ivantis on April 14, 2018 in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, Southern Division (the Lawsuit). In the Lawsuit, we alleged that Ivantis’ Hydrus® Microstent device infringes our U.S. Patent Nos. 6,626,858 and 9,827,143. Pursuant to the terms of the Settlement Agreement, Ivantis has made cash payments totaling $60.0 million, $30.0 million of which was paid to us during the year ended December 31, 2021, and $30.0 million of which was paid to us in January 2022.

Additionally, Ivantis will make quarterly royalty payments to us in the amount of 10% of Ivantis’ Hydrus Microstent U.S. sales and any international sales supplied out of the U.S. beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021 through April 26, 2025, subject to a per-unit minimum payment. We and Ivantis have dismissed with prejudice all of our claims against each other in the Lawsuit, which was scheduled for trial beginning on or around September 28, 2021, and in related lawsuits in other forums and jurisdictions. The parties also have agreed to mutual licenses and covenants not to sue the other party for patent infringement relating to Ivantis’ Hydrus Microstent or our micro-stent devices.

Santen License Agreement

On May 18, 2021, we announced that we entered into a new development and commercialization license agreement with Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Santen) for the PreserFlo MicroShunt, superseding the previous collaboration and distribution agreements between the two parties. Under the new agreement, we obtain exclusive commercialization rights for the MicroShunt in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Brazil, Mexico and the remainder of Latin America. The new agreement also provides us with control over development activities for the MicroShunt in these same territories, including clinical development and regulatory affairs activities in the United States following a transition period. We did not make any payment in connection with the execution of the license agreement; however, should we be successful in obtaining regulatory approval for the PreserFlo MicroShunt, we would be required to pay Santen a milestone payment, followed by royalties and other potential future milestones depending on the success of the commercialization of the product.

Intratus License Amendment

On April 14, 2021, we announced that we had entered into an amended licensing agreement with Intratus, Inc. (Intratus) under which Intratus granted us a global exclusive license to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize Intratus’ patented, non-invasive drug delivery platform for application in the treatment of presbyopia. The addition of presbyopia expands upon the existing agreement between us and Intratus announced on July 22, 2019. The amendment includes a mechanism to further expand the existing agreement to other indications, applying the active pharmaceutical ingredients being advanced by us in glaucoma, corneal disorders and presbyopia to new ophthalmic fields.

Products and Pipeline

We operate in one operating segment and our primary business activity is the development and commercialization of therapies across several end markets within ophthalmology. In an effort to provide greater visibility into our business, the following discussion is presented based on our three principal end markets within ophthalmology: glaucoma, corneal disorders and retinal diseases.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by progressive, irreversible and largely asymptomatic vision loss in which elevated levels of IOP are often associated with optic nerve damage that can cause blindness. While some glaucoma patients do not experience an increase in IOP, it is widely considered a major risk factor in glaucoma’s progression, and reduction in IOP is the only clinically proven treatment for the disease. Elevated IOP occurs when aqueous humor is not circulating normally or properly draining from the front part of the eye.

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We have three primary commercialized products designed to treat mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma: the iStent, the iStent inject, and the iStent inject W. The iStent, the iStent inject, and the iStent inject W are FDA-approved micro-bypass stents that improve aqueous humor outflow and are inserted through the small corneal incision made during cataract surgery. Our iStent, a single stent device which reduces IOP by restoring the natural physiologic pathways for aqueous humor, was the first commercially available MIGS treatment solution. Our next generation iStent inject and iStent inject W devices include two stents pre-loaded in an auto-injection system designed to allow the surgeon to inject stents through a single corneal entry. The iStent, iStent inject, and iStent inject W procedures are currently reimbursed in the U.S. by Medicare and all major national private payors. The iStent technologies are commercially available in numerous countries, including Australia, Brazil, Canada and Japan and certain European Union (EU) and other countries, even though reimbursement may not always be available for all such procedures.

We are also developing several pipeline products for glaucoma, including the iStent infinite and iDose TR, neither of which have yet been approved for commercialization. The iStent infinite consists of three stents that are designed for use as a standalone procedure in glaucoma patients. In 2021, we submitted our 510(k) clearance application for the iStent infinite for the treatment of glaucoma patients who have failed prior surgical therapy and estimate that we will receive clearance in the first half of 2022.

The iDose drug delivery system is a targeted injectable implant based on our micro-scale device-platform that is designed to continuously deliver therapeutic levels of medication from within the eye for extended periods of time. We completed patient enrollment and randomization in our Phase 3 clinical trials in 2021 for iDose TR and now anticipate submitting a new drug application (NDA) in 2022 with potential FDA approval of this product in 2023. Additionally, our glaucoma pipeline includes the next-generation extended release iDose (TREX); iDose (ROCK) which would includeproprietary Rho Kinase inhibitor compounds froma research and development collaboration agreement with D. Western Therapeutics Institute; programs for our iLution platform; and the IOP Sensor which are still in a research and development (R&D) stage.

In addition to our organic R&D efforts, we have licensed from Santen the PreserFlo MicroShunt. The MicroShunt is an ab-externo device being developed for treatment of glaucoma where IOP is uncontrolled with maximum tolerated medical therapy or where progression of the disease warrants surgery. Santen submitted a PMA application to the FDA in June 2020, and the FDA currently is reviewing additional input obtained from glaucoma surgeons to ensure a complete evaluation of the clinical data submitted in the PMA, and as such the timing of a potential approval, and U.S. commercial launch is currently unknown. We did commence initial commercial launch activity in Australia and Canada during the fourth quarter of 2021.

Corneal Disorders

The cornea, the eye’s outermost layer, is a clear, dome-shaped surface that functions best as a lens when the cornea is strong and shaped properly. The cornea is responsible for the majority of the eye’s total focusing power and corneal disorders, including ectasia, refractive vision errors and dry eye, among others, can cause vision impairment. Corneal ectatic disorders are comprised of a class of diseases characterized by an ectatic, or misshaped, cornea. Corneal ectasia is typically caused by a weakening of the cornea, which can be due to a number of factors, including genetic causes, adverse side effects from ophthalmic refractive procedures such as LASIK, or excessive eye rubbing. We are currently targeting corneal disorders with our bio-activated pharmaceuticals including keratoconus, and corneal ectasia following refractive surgery. Keratoconus is mostly a hereditary, degenerative ectatic disease that is often first seen in older children or young adults in which the typically round, dome-shaped cornea progressively thins and weakens, causing a cone-like corneal bulge due to normal internal pressure of the eye. Corneal ectasia following refractive surgery is a serious complication that involves the cornea becoming weakened following a refractive procedure, such as LASIK, with symptoms similar to naturally occurring keratoconus. Refractive vision errors, or the inability of the cornea to properly focus light, are prevalent in the U.S. and abroad and include disorders such as presbyopia and myopia. Presbyopia is a natural part of aging due to the hardening of the eye’s crystalline lens over time, resulting in a loss of lens elasticity or the ability of the lens to change shape in order to focus incoming light on the retina. Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a vision condition in which close objects are seen clearly, but objects farther away appear blurred, and is usually caused by an elongation of the eyeball or a cornea having too much curvature. Presbyopia affects nearly everyone over the age of 40 while myopia first occurs in school-age children and typically progresses until about age 20.

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Our pharmaceutical iLink platform uses a suite of novel single-use drug formulations that are bio-activated by our proprietary systems to address these corneal diseases. The iLink therapies, bioactivated upon the delivery of ultraviolet A (UVA) light to the cornea, induce a biochemical reaction called corneal collagen cross-linking, or corneal cross-linking (CXL). CXL strengthens, stabilizes and reshapes the cornea to treat corneal ectatic disorders. Our KXL System, which delivers UVA light to a large portion of the cornea, and Photrexa therapy, is approved by the FDA for use in the U.S. following removal of the epithelium (often referred to as “iLink epi-off”), a procedure familiar to ophthalmologists. In May 2019, patient enrollment in a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial was completed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our next generation pharmaceutical iLink therapeutic system for the treatment of keratoconus without the removal of the epithelium (often referred to as “iLink epi-on”). We expect a U.S. NDA submission during 2022 and potential approval of the iLink epi-on product in 2023. We also expect to advance a third generation iLink therapeutic system into clinical trials during 2022. Internationally, our pharmaceutical therapies can also be administered with the KXL System to address corneal weakening caused by refractive surgery such as LASIK. Our bio-activated pharmaceutical products may also offer a means of improving the vision of patients with presbyopia, myopia or other corneal diseases.

We have also developed our iLution platform of cream-based drug formulations that are applied to the outer surface of the eyelid for dropless transdermal delivery of pharmaceutically active compounds for the treatment of eye disorders. Several iLution platform products leverage an exclusive global licensing arrangement with Intratus to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize a patented, non-invasive, transdermal drug delivery formulation designed for application on the eyelid in the treatment of dry eye disease, presbyopia, glaucoma, and other ocular surface diseases and disorders. In January 2022, we commenced patient enrollment in Phase 2 clinical trials of two investigational drug candidates for the treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (GLK-301) and presbyopia (GLK-302).

Lastly, in September 2021, we entered into a licensing agreement with Attillaps Holdings, Inc. (Attillaps) to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize Attillaps’ proprietary library of investigational pharmaceutical compounds that target the eradication of Demodex mites, which are the root cause of Demodex blepharitis and often associated with meibomian gland dysfunction and related ophthalmic diseases.

Retinal Diseases

Retinal diseases vary widely but universally affect the retina, a thin layer of tissue inside the back wall of the eye containing light-sensitive cells that convert light into neural signals. Most retinal diseases cause visual impairment, including blurred or distorted vision and vision loss. Our R&D efforts in our retinal franchise are focused on treating AMD, DME, RVO, and other retinal diseases. AMD is a progressive disease that occurs when the macula, the central portion of the retina, is impaired, which can result in severe vision problems. DME is highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes and is associated with DR, the impairment of small blood vessels in the retina caused by increased glucose levels. Advanced DR can lead to fluid leaking into the macula, which causes DME and severe vision impairment. RVO occurs when the flow of blood from the retina is blocked, often due to a blood clot blocking the retinal vein, which can result in severe vision problems.

We are developing sustained release pharmaceutical retinal platforms leveraging our expanded pharmaceutical and sustained drug delivery R&D capabilities, including Triamcinolone Acetonide SR, Multi-Kinase Inhibitor SR and Anti-VEGF SR. If commercialized, these platforms would be designed to treat AMD, DME, RVO, and other retinal diseases. The focus of our retinal research and development efforts is to develop potential treatment options with a longer duration-of-effect than current standards of care products.

Research & Development

We devote significant resources to our R&D efforts, which are focused on developing new products, and enhancing the effectiveness, ease of use, safety, and reliability of our commercialized products. Our R&D objectives are:

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A considerable portion of our R&D investment includes clinical trials and the collection of evidence that provide data for use in regulatory submissions and required post-market approval studies involving applications of our products. We expect our R&D and clinical expenditures to increase as we continue to devote significant resources to clinical trials and regulatory approvals of our pipeline products. We currently conduct R&D activities primarily in the U.S. but are expanding our clinical capabilities to sites internationally.

Sales and Marketing

Our global sales efforts and promotional activities are currently aimed at ophthalmic surgeons and other eye care professionals. Our primary customers include ambulatory surgery centers, hospitals and physician private practices. In the U.S., we sell the majority of our products through a direct sales organization. Internationally, we sell our products through direct sales organizations in seventeen countries and a network of distribution partners in other markets where we do not have a direct commercial presence or maintain a modest commercial presence. In 2021, sales to customers inside U.S. and internationally accounted for 76% and 24% of our net sales, respectively. No single customer or distributor accounted for more than 10% of our total net sales in 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our iStent technologies, the iStent, the iStent inject, and the iStent inject W and related accessories, which comprise our key iStent platform, accounted for approximately 79% of our net sales, while our iLink therapies accounted for approximately 21% of our net sales.

Competition

The medical technology and pharmaceutical industries are highly competitive. We may compete with many companies, including divisions of companies much larger than us that may have greater resources and name recognition, and smaller companies that compete against specific products or in certain geographies. Furthermore, new product development, discoveries, and technological change characterize the areas in which we compete. Our present or future products could be rendered obsolete as a result of advances by one or more of our present or future competitors or by other surgical or pharmaceutical therapy development. We must continue to develop and commercialize new products, technologies and therapies to remain competitive in the ophthalmology industry. We believe that we compete primarily on the basis of clinical superiority supported by extensive data and innovative features that enhance patient benefit, product performance, and safety.

The ophthalmic segment of the medical technology and pharmaceutical industries is dynamic and subject to significant change due to cost-of-care considerations, regulatory reform, industry and customer consolidation and evolving patient needs. The ability to provide products, technologies and therapies that demonstrate value, are reimbursed through government or third-party payors, improve clinical outcomes and provide ease of use and reliability is becoming increasingly important for companies within ophthalmology.

In glaucoma, our MIGS offerings primarily compete against Ivantis (which was acquired by Alcon in January 2022), however there are a considerable number of large and small companies providing more invasive surgical glaucoma technologies, laser-based therapies, and pharmaceuticals that may provide indirect competition or with whom we may compete should our broad clinical development pipeline be approved and commercialized. In corneal disorders, we have, under an orphan drug designation, the only FDA approved bio-activated pharmaceutical therapy for the treatment of keratoconus but globally we compete against numerous providers of corneal crosslinking therapies such as PeschkeTrade GmBH. Our corneal disorder pipeline, if approved, would vastly expand our competition to numerous large companies such as AbbVie Inc., Alcon and Johnson & Johnson, as well as some small companies that provide medical technology and pharmaceutical therapies for several areas including dry eye and refractive conditions. Our

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retinal health pipeline, if approved, may face substantial competition from large pharmaceutical companies such as AbbVie Inc., Novartis AG, Genentech/Roche, Regeneron and Bayer, and there are also a considerable number of large and small companies with development efforts in the field.

Facilities, Manufacturing and Distribution

Our corporate headquarters and our manufacturing operations for the iStent, iStent inject and iStent inject W are located in an approximately 98,000 square foot campus in San Clemente, California which is comprised of two main buildings. Our pharmaceutical therapies for keratoconus are primarily manufactured and supplied by third parties in the U.S. and Germany. We lease approximately 27,000 square feet of office and laboratory space in Waltham, Massachusetts, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2023, and our manufacturing operations for the majority of our proprietary systems are located in approximately 60,000 square feet of space located in Burlington, Massachusetts under a lease that expires on July 31, 2033 and contains one option to extend for a five-year period at market rates. In the first quarter of 2022, we relocated certain administrative, laboratory, R&D and warehouse space to three office buildings, comprising approximately 160,000 rentable square feet of space, located in Aliso Viejo, California (Aliso Facility). The term of the Aliso Facility lease commenced on May 1, 2019 and will continue for thirteen years, with an option to extend the lease for two additional five-year periods at market rates. We currently intend to maintain manufacturing facilities for the iStent, iStent inject, and iStent inject W at our San Clemente location for the foreseeable future. Our international subsidiaries also lease facilities in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom.

Intellectual Property

The strength of our competitive position depends substantially upon our ability to obtain and enforce intellectual property rights protecting our technology both domestically and internationally. We rely on a combination of intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, service marks, copyrights, trade secrets and other similar intellectual property, as well as customary contractual protections and security measures used to protect our proprietary, trade secret information.

In the aggregate, our intellectual property assets are of material importance to our business. We are significantly dependent on our patent and other intellectual property rights and the failure to protect such rights could negatively impact our ability to sell current or future products or prohibit us from enforcing our patents or other intellectual property rights against others. For additional information see the section titled Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property within Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2021, we owned or exclusively licensed in certain fields of use over 300 issued patents, pending U.S. patent applications, issued foreign patents and pending foreign patent applications. We may, from time to time, choose to acquire or license additional patents and patent applications, or we may choose to abandon, sell, or license certain Company patents and patent applications, depending on our needs. The issued patents that protect our commercial products and current product pipeline expire between 2022 and 2038.

Government Regulation

Our products and operations are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by federal, state, and local authorities, as well as foreign regulatory authorities. These governmental agencies regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacturing, approval, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, advertising, promotion and marketing, distribution, post approval monitoring and reporting, and import and export of medical devices and drugs (including drug/device combination products) in their respective jurisdictions to assure the safety and effectiveness of medical products and pharmaceuticals for their intended use. In general, there has been a trend of increased regulation of medical device and drug products, which has resulted in, and will likely continue to result in, increased prices to bring new products to market.

U.S. Regulation & Reimbursement

The FDA has broad regulatory authority over medical devices and drugs in the U.S. The FDA regulates, among other things, product safety, efficacy, manufacturing, advertising, labeling and safety reporting.

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Medical Device Requirements

Each medical device commercially distributed in the United States requires one of the following: (i) exemption from or clearance under a 510(k) premarket notification; (ii) approval under a Premarket approval (PMA) application; or (iii) approval of a de-novo classification petition.

The FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes—Class I, Class II or Class III—depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of manufacturing and regulatory control needed to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Class III devices, which include our iStent products that produce the majority of our revenue, are deemed to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices and devices deemed not substantially equivalent to a predicate device that the FDA has already cleared for marketing. Class III devices require FDA approval of the more demanding PMA application before marketing of the device can proceed. While the iStent, iStent inject and the PreserFloMicroShunt are categorized as Class III devices and thus would generally be subject to the more rigorous PMA approval pathway, the FDA determined that an appropriate predicate device exists for the iStent infinite and that 510(k) premarket notification would be sufficient.

PMA Approval Pathway

In a PMA application process, the manufacturer must demonstrate that the device is safe and effective for its intended use, and the PMA must be supported by extensive data, including data from preclinical studies and human clinical trials. If the FDA accepts the application for review, it has 180 days under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) to complete its review of a PMA, although in practice, the FDA’s review can take up to several years. The FDA will generally conduct a pre-approval inspection of the applicant or its third-party manufacturers’ or suppliers’ manufacturing facility or facilities to ensure compliance with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (QSR). Even after a PMA approval, the FDA may require post-approval conditions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device, including additional clinical studies or post-market surveillance. Failure to comply with the conditions of approval can result in material adverse enforcement action, including withdrawal of the approval. Certain changes to an approved device, such as changes in manufacturing facilities, methods, or quality control procedures, or changes in the design performance specifications, which may affect the safety or effectiveness of the device, require submission of a PMA supplement.

Clinical Trials of Medical Devices

Clinical trials are almost always required to support a PMA for a Class III device. All clinical investigations must be conducted in accordance with the FDA’s IDE regulations. If the device presents a “significant risk,” to human health, as defined by the FDA, the FDA requires the device sponsor to submit an investigational drug exemption (IDE) application to the FDA, showing with appropriate data that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically sound.

Regardless of the degree of risk presented by the medical device, clinical studies must be approved by, and conducted under the oversight of, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) for each clinical site. During a study, the sponsor and any clinical investigators are required to comply with the applicable FDA requirements. After a trial begins, the sponsor, the FDA or the IRB could suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time for various reasons, including a belief that the risks to study subjects outweigh the anticipated benefits.

Post-Market Regulation

After a device is approved for marketing, numerous and pervasive regulatory requirements continue to apply. These include:

● Establishment registration and device listing with the FDA;

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The FDA has broad regulatory compliance and enforcement powers. If the FDA determines that we failed to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it can take a variety of compliance or enforcement actions, which may result in any of the following sanctions:

● recalls, withdrawals, or administrative detention or seizure of products;

● operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;

● withdrawing 510(k) clearances or PMA approvals that have already been granted;

● refusal to permit the export or import of our products; or

● criminal prosecution.

Drug Requirements

The development and commercialization of drug products is subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the U.S. and other countries. Before marketing in the U.S., a drug must undergo rigorous preclinical and clinical studies and an extensive regulatory approval process implemented by the FDA under the FDCA. Several of our pipeline products, including our iDose implants and our iLution cream-based formulations, are drug products that are subject to this regulatory approval process.

Before commencing clinical studies in humans in the US, we must submit to the FDA an IND that includes, among other things, the general investigational plan and protocols for specific human studies and the results of preclinical studies. Once clinical studies have begun under the IND, they are usually conducted in three phases and under FDA oversight. These phases generally include the following:

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Phase 1. Introduction into patients or healthy human volunteers and is tested for safety, dose tolerance and pharmacokinetics.

Phase 2. Introduction into a limited patient population to assess the efficacy of the drug in specific, targeted indications, assess dosage tolerance and optimal dosage, and identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.

Phase 3. Expansion to further demonstrate clinical efficacy, optimal dosage and safety within an expanded patient population.

The results of drug development, preclinical studies and clinical studies must be submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA. The NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) establishes timeframes for FDA review of NDAs and the 2007 Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act gave the FDA authority to require implementation of a formal Risk Evaluation and Management Strategy to ensure that the benefits of a drug outweigh its risks. At the end of the review period, the FDA communicates either approval of the NDA or a complete response listing the application’s deficiencies.

As part of the NDA approval, the FDA may require post-marketing studies, sometimes referred to as Phase 4 studies, to monitor the safety and effectiveness of approved drugs, which may limit further marketing of the drug based on the results of these post-marketing studies.

If regulatory approval for a drug is obtained, the marketing of the drug will be limited to those diseases and conditions approved by FDA and for which the drug was shown to be effective, as demonstrated through clinical studies and specified in the drug’s labeling. Even if this regulatory approval is obtained, a marketed drug, its manufacturer and its manufacturing facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA. The FDA ensures the quality of approved drugs by carefully monitoring manufacturers’ compliance with its current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations, which contain minimum requirements for the methods, facilities, and controls used in manufacturing, processing, and packaging of a drug. The FDA may withdraw drug approval if compliance with post-marketing regulatory standards is not maintained or if safety or quality issues are identified after the drug reaches the marketplace.

The FDA has recently determined that products previously regulated as drugs, which are comprised of a drug constituent part and a device part, may become subject to regulation as drug-led combination products. This may impact some of our pipeline products, such as our iDose drug-eluting implants. These products that are considered to be drug-device combination products will require review and coordination by FDA’s drug and device centers prior to approval, which may delay approval. In the U.S., a combination product with a drug primary mode of action generally would be reviewed and approved pursuant to the drug approval processes under the FDCA. In reviewing the approval application for such a product, however, FDA reviewers in the drug center will consult with their counterparts in the device center to ensure that the device component of the combination product meet applicable requirements regarding safety, effectiveness, durability and performance. Under FDA regulations, combination products are subject to cGMP requirements applicable to both drugs and devices, including the Quality System (QS) regulations applicable to medical devices.

We are also subject to various laws and regulations regarding laboratory practices, the experimental use of animals and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances in connection with our research. In each of these areas, as above, the FDA and other regulatory authorities have broad regulatory and enforcement powers, including the power to withdraw approvals.

Health Care Regulatory Laws

Additional laws and regulations also govern our business operations and products in the U.S., including among others:

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Certain states also mandate implementation of corporate compliance programs, require adherence to the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines, impose restrictions on manufacturer marketing practices, require registration or licensing of manufacturers and their sales representatives, and/or require tracking and reporting of gifts, compensation, and other remuneration to healthcare professionals and entities.

Additionally, some states have proposed or enacted legislation that will create new data privacy and security obligations for certain entities, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that went into effect January 1, 2020, the California Privacy Rights Act approved in November 2020 and that will be effective in January 2023, the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act enacted on March 2, 2021 and the Colorado Privacy Act enacted on July 8, 2021. Violations of these laws, or the health care regulatory laws described above, may subject us to administrative, civil, and criminal penalties, including imprisonment of individuals, the imposition of significant fines, monetary penalties, and damages, exclusion from participation in (or reimbursement for our products from) federal health care programs like Medicare or Medicaid, imposition of compliance obligations or monitoring, curtailment or restructuring of our operations, and damage to our reputation.

Reimbursement

Ambulatory surgery centers, hospitals and physician private practices that purchase our medical device products typically bill various third-party payors, such as government programs, private insurance plans and managed care programs, to cover all or a portion of the costs and fees associated with the therapeutics or procedures in which our productsare used and bill patients for any applicable deductibles or co-payments. In the U.S., physicians are typically paid separately from the facility for surgical procedures involving our products. In the U.S., there are distinct billing codes that are used by healthcare providers to report the provision of medical procedures and the use of supplies for specific patients to payors. There are different categories of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (Category I, II and III) based on the procedure or supply. For 2022, the temporary Category III CPT codes associated with payment rates for existing iStent-related procedures converted to permanent Category I codes for facility fee and physician fee payments furnished in both the hospital outpatient and ambulatory surgery center settings. As compared to the payments rates in effect in 2021 under the Category III CPT code, the CMS 2022 Medicare payment rates reflect a significantly lower physician fee involving procedures of the implantation of trabecular bypass stents, such as our iStent family of products, in conjunction with cataract surgery, while the facility fee schedule related to reimbursement for surgeries that

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include implantation of trabecular bypass stents, such as our iStent family of products, in conjunction with cataract surgery, reflects a slight decrease in payment rate to an ambulatory surgery center, and an increase in reimbursements to a hospital. We estimate that approximately 80% of procedures utilizing our trabecular micro-bypass technologies in the U.S. are performed in the ambulatory surgery center setting and the remaining estimated 20% of procedures are performed in the hospital. Even though a permanent billing code has been assigned to a product, there is no guarantee that coverage will be provided.

Additionally, effective in 2022, we obtained a temporary Category III CPT code associated with payment rates for facility fee payments that are lower than anticipated for standalone insertion of an aqueous drainage device in the ambulatory surgery center and hospital setting, which would be the procedure that such facilities would use with our iStent infinite product, which is not yet approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Prior to expiration of a temporary code, there are two options: submit an application to convert a temporary code to a permanent code or submit an application for a five-year extension of the temporary code. In connection with a transition to a permanent code, both the physician fee and facility fee associated with the procedures using our iStent infinite product will be reevaluated. In some cases, the physician fees and/or facility fees have been decreased at the time codes are transitioned from temporary to permanent.

There is no published Medicare payment schedule at the national level for physician payment amounts for temporary Category III CPT code products. The physician payment rate is left to the discretion of the regional Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs), with each MAC separately determining coverage and no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained from, or maintained by, the MACs. MACs have in the past, and may in the future, change coverage terms.

Our Photrexa pharmaceutical therapy has received a permanent healthcare common procedure coding system J code and we have obtained temporary Category III CPT code for the professional fees associated with CXL.

In the U.S., no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement exists among third-party payors; coverage and reimbursement can differ significantly from payor to payor. In addition, payors continually review new products for possible coverage and existing products for changes in coverage and can, without notice, deny coverage.

International Regulation & Reimbursement

In addition to regulations in the U.S., we are subject to a variety of regulations in other jurisdictions governing clinical trials, commercial sales and distribution of our products and reporting of payments to physicians. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain authorization before commencing clinical trials or obtain marketing authorization or approval of a product under the comparable regulatory authorities of countries internationally. The approval process varies from country to country and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country. In addition, certain countries have adopted transparency legislation that requires us to report contracts with or payments made to physicians in those countries and many have enacted anti-kickback laws and regulations, which generally prohibit the offer, receipt, or payment of remuneration in exchange for or to induce the use of our products.

Similar to the trend within the U.S., other major international markets are also moving toward more stringent regulatory frameworks for medical device and drug products. For example, in May 2017, the EU adopted a new regulatory scheme for medical devices under the Medical Device Regulation (MDR). The MDR became effective in May 2021 with a transition period through May 2024 at the latest, and will bring significant new requirements for many medical devices, including enhanced requirements for clinical evidence and documentation, increased focus on device identification and traceability, new definitions and registration of economic operators throughout the distribution chain, and additional post-market surveillance and vigilance, which could result in substantial additional expense.

The EU has also adopted increasingly stringent data protection and privacy rules that have and will continue to have a substantial impact on the use of patient data across the healthcare industry. The EU General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, became effective in May 2018 and applies across the EU (with the exception of the United Kingdom, which has adopted the UK Data Protection Act 2018 and a substantially equivalent version of the GDPR). The

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GDPR is wide-ranging in scope and imposes numerous requirements on companies that process personal data, including requirements relating to processing health and other sensitive data, obtaining consent of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, providing information to individuals regarding data processing activities, implementing safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of personal data, providing notification of data breaches, and taking certain measures when engaging third-party processors. Failure to comply with the GDPR requirements may result in costly government enforcement actions, private litigation, and negative publicity, each of which could further result in reputation damage and our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could suffer.

Reimbursement

Internationally, reimbursement levels vary significantly by country and by region within some countries. Reimbursement is obtained from a variety of sources, including government-sponsored and private health insurance plans, and combinations of both. Some countries require additional clinical data before granting or expanding coverage and reimbursement for our products. In general, obtaining broad-based reimbursement and adequate payment for new technologies is more difficult in these markets than in the U.S. Many countries require new medical technologies to not only be safe and effective, but also to be able to demonstrate clinical benefits that outweigh the costs when compared to the standard of care. As in the U.S., reimbursement decisions can change, resulting in the elimination or reduction of reimbursement payments, which could adversely affect our financial results and our ability to invest in and grow our business.

Other

Our operations and many of the products we manufacture or sell are subject to extensive regulation by numerous other governmental agencies, both within the U.S. and internationally. In the U.S., apart from the agencies discussed above, our facilities, operations, employees, products (their manufacture, sale, import and export) and services are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Health & Safety Administration, the Department of Labor, Customs and Border Protection, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Treasury, the Department of Justice and others. State agencies also regulate our facilities, operations, employees, products and services within their respective states. Government agencies internationally also regulate public health, product registration, manufacturing, environmental conditions, labor, exports, imports, bribery and corruption and other aspects of our global operations.

These regulatory agencies and any current or future legislation could impact our business operations, reimbursement for our products, and the healthcare environment generally, which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Compliance with these regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position to date, but current or new legislation could have such an effect in the future. We cannot estimate the expenses we may incur to comply with potential new laws or changes to existing laws, or the other potential effects these laws may have on our business.

Human Capital Management

Glaukos is committed to developing a comprehensive, cohesive and positive employee experience. We consider talent attraction, development, engagement and retention a key driver of our business success. As of December 31, 2021, we had 727 full-time employees. Our Board of Directors, through the Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee, retains direct oversight of our human capital management process, including demographics, talent development, employee retention, material aspects of employee compensation as well as diversity and inclusion recruitment, retention and compensation efforts. Additionally, the Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee assists management with the implementation of the Company’s diversity strategy. We report on human capital matters at each regularly scheduled Board of Directors meeting and periodically throughout the year. The most significant human capital measures or objectives that we focus on in managing our business and our related human capital initiatives include the following:

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Available Information

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are available on our web site at www.glaukos.com, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after the electronic filing of these reports with, or furnishing of these reports to, the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including us.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risks discussed below are not the only ones facing our business but do represent those risks that we believe are material to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business. Please read the cautionary notice regarding forward-looking statements under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Risks Related to Our Business

The reduced reimbursement rates established by CMS for 2022 have, and may continue to, materially and adversely impact our business operations and financial results.

As described in Item 1, Business, “Recent Developments – 2022 reimbursement rates,” the United States (U.S.) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS’) Final Rules for 2022 impose a new, significantly lower physician fee and a slightly reduced facility fee related to the implantation of trabecular bypass stents, such as our iStent family of products, in conjunction with cataract surgery, furnished in the ambulatory surgery center setting. We believe these CMS physician fee and facility fee rate decreases disrupted traditional customer ordering patterns and have resulted in our customers’ trialing of competitive products, causing reduced glaucoma sales volumes in the U.S. during our third and fourth quarter of 2021. The reduction of the physician fee may continue to have an adverse impact on procedural iStent family product volumes, in conjunction with cataract surgery, in 2022, as well as on our U.S. combo-cataract glaucoma revenues, gross profit, and net income, the full extent of which is not known at this time.

Additionally, the Final Rules established facility fee payment rates for the procedure that hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers will use with Glaukos’ iStent infinite product, which is not yet approved by the FDA, that were lower than anticipated. The physician fee payment rate for this procedure will be set by the multi-state, regional contractors, or Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs), responsible for administering Medicare claims, and is unknown at this time. This physician fee payment rate, alone or in combination with the standalone facility fee payment rate, may result in inadequate reimbursement and impact the use of this product, if and when approved.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and could continue to materially and adversely affect, our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and cash flows.

While COVID-19 and its resulting variant viruses have had, and we expect them to continue to have, an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows, we are unable to predict the extent or nature of these impacts at this time.

To protect our employees and adhere to the guidance and orders of various governmental authorities, beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and continuing through December 31, 2021, we shifted the majority of our workforce to remote operations and implemented changes to our manufacturing and distribution operations to include the use of personal protective equipment and ensure social distancing. Further, in an effort to identify, and avoid further infection from, asymptomatic cases, we have required that any onsite individuals adhere to our social distancing and masking requirements. As our employees begin to return to onsite work, a process that began in January 2022, the return-to-work strategies we have adopted or may adopt, including masking, testing, vaccination or other requirements, may have an unanticipated impact on our employees that could be disruptive to our business and adversely impact our financial and operational results.

Additionally, we have experienced a number of COVID-19 cases among our workforce, and we could experience a wider-spread outbreak of COVID-19 in our manufacturing facilities, which could require us to temporarily shut down manufacturing operations and/or cause a disruption to, or shortage in, our workforce. If a widespread outbreak were to occur, we may experience delays in our responses to our customers and possible delays in shipments of our products, which could harm our customer relations and adversely impact our competitive positioning and sales. We have also experienced restrictions on the ability of our personnel to travel and access customers and clinical sites for training and support. Other potential disruptions include delays in approvals by regulatory bodies; delays in product development efforts; and further challenges to our capacity to manufacture, sell and support the use of our products.

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We continue to carefully manage our discretionary spending in response to COVID, which may slow the growth trajectory of the Company or require us to delay projects that could have benefitted the Company. In addition to the cost saving measures, we issued $287.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 2.75% convertible notes due 2027 (the Convertible Notes) in June 2020, the proceeds of which are expected to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. As described in Item 1, Business, “Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Current Economic Environment,” some of our supply chain and development partners have experienced delays and unfulfilled deliveries of product due to COVID, both in raw material acquisition and due to lack of headcount resources. If these delays and partial or unfilled deliveries persist, they could impact our ability to ship some of our products to our customers, or bring some of our pipeline products to market, in a timely manner.

We cannot predict the timing and full impact of the pandemic on our future financial and operating results given the continued uncertainties associated with the pandemic, including the possibility of future surges of COVID-19, uncertainties about the severity and transmission rates of new more contagious and/or vaccine-resistant variants of COVID-19, the availability, distribution, public acceptance rate and efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19 and patient reluctance to seek primary care from optometrists and ophthalmologists or undergo medical procedures during or following the pandemic. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread staffing shortages, including in ambulatory surgery centers, which may also impact elective procedures. Restrictions on elective procedures and therapies and the closures of ophthalmic practices in an effort to halt the spread of COVID-19 have also impacted the progress of our pipeline products. For example, new patient enrollment in our iDose clinical trial slowed significantly but was completed in June 2021, which delayed the iDose approval timeline. Any further prolonged economic slowdown or reinstitution of stay-at-home or similar orders may cause additional delays in the progress of our pipeline products, including those in clinical trials. While we cannot predict the full impact of COVID-19 on the timing of completion of our clinical trials and the expected regulatory approvals of our pipeline products, our disclosed targeted approval dates anticipate, to our best estimate, such impact.

We have incurred significant losses since inception and our business requires substantial capital and operating expenditures to operate and grow. There can be no guarantee that we reach sustained profitability.

Since the Company’s inception in 1998, we have incurred significant operating losses. As of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $365.2 million, principally from costs incurred in our clinical trial, R&D programs and from our general and administrative expenses. We have funded our operations to date from the sale of equity securities, including our June 2015 initial public offering (IPO), the issuance of notes payable, cash exercises of stock options and warrants to purchase equity securities, cash generated from commercial operations and the issuance of the Convertible Notes. To implement our global business strategies we need to, among other things, fund ongoing R&D activities, expand our manufacturing capabilities, grow our sales and marketing organization, enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, acquire companies or in-license products or intellectual property, and obtain regulatory clearance or approval to commercialize our existing products in international markets or to commercialize those currently under development in the U.S. and internationally. As a result, we expect our expenses to continue to increase as we pursue these objectives. While we believe we have sufficient cash to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months from the date our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 are made publicly available, our ability to reach sustained profitability is highly uncertain, especially given our increasingly competitive landscape, which makes forecasting our sales more difficult.

Our success depends on our ability to continue to generate sales of our commercialized products and develop and commercialize additional products, which we may not be able to accomplish.

Our primary sales-generating commercial products have been the iStent, which we began selling in the U.S. in 2012, the iStent inject, which we began selling in the U.S. in the second half of 2018, and its successor, the iStent injectW, launched in the second half of 2020, as well as our Photrexa therapies, which we acquired in connection with our acquisition of Avedro, Inc. (Avedro) in November 2019. We expect to continue to derive a significant portion of our net sales from the iStent, the iStent inject models and the Photrexa therapies.

It is important that we continue to build a more complete product offering. Developing additional products is expensive and time-consuming. Even if we are successful in developing our additional pipeline products, including those

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currently in development, the success of our new product offerings is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that our products will produce net sales in excess of the costs of development. Any current or new products could also quickly be rendered obsolete by changing customer preferences or the introduction by our competitors of products embodying superior technologies, features or better product safety, quality or efficacy. Our competitors include large publicly traded companies or divisions of publicly traded companies and have more resources, greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more established relationships with healthcare professionals, customers and third-party payors, broader products lines, more established sales and marketing programs and distribution networks, and greater experience in obtaining regulatory clearance or approval. Additionally, our research programs, which are expensive and time-intensive, may fail to yield product candidates for clinical development despite showing initial promise. If we are unable to successfully commercialize additional products, our business prospects would be materially affected.

As our growth strategy turns increasingly global, we are, and will continue to be, subject to a variety of risks associated with our international operations, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Our existing foreign operations, as well as our planned international growth, expose us to additional uncertainty and risks beyond regulatory authorization and reimbursement levels. Internationally, we sell our products through direct sales organizations in seventeen countries and a network of third-party distribution partners in other markets. These international operations expose us and our subsidiaries and third-party distributors to a variety of risks including, without limitation, the following:

● pricing pressure or longer sales and payment cycles;

● different cultural norms which may impact how business is conducted;

● laws and business practices favoring local companies;

● difficulties in maintaining consistency with our internal guidelines;

If we experience any of these risks, our sales in non-U.S. jurisdictions may be harmed, our results of operations would suffer, and our reputation and business prospects would be negatively impacted.

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If the supply and/or manufacture of our principal revenue-producing products, the iStent, the iStent inject models and our Photrexa therapies, is materially disrupted, it may adversely affect our ability to manufacture products and could reduce our gross margins and negatively affect our operating results.

Our sole manufacturing location for our iStent products is an approximately 98,000 square foot campus located in San Clemente, California, where we manufacture, inspect, package, release and ship nearly all of our iStent and iStent inject products. This is also the location where we conducted substantially all of our research and development (R&D) activities, customer and technical support, and management and administrative functions in 2021. In January 2022, we began to relocate our corporate administrative headquarters, along with certain laboratory, R&D and warehouse space, to a new facility in Aliso Viejo, California (Aliso Facility), as described in Item 1, Business, “Facilities, Manufacturing and Distribution.” If either of our San Clemente or Aliso Facility suffers a crippling event, or a force majeure event such as an earthquake, fire or flood, this could materially impact our ability to operate.

Additionally, we rely on a limited number of third-party suppliers, in some cases sole suppliers, to supply components for the iStent, the iStent inject models and our other pipeline products. If any one or more of our suppliers cease to provide us with sufficient quantities of components or drugs in a timely manner or on terms acceptable to us, we would have to seek alternative sources of supply. Because of factors such as the proprietary nature of our products, our domestic and international quality control standards and regulatory requirements including the FDA’s Quality System Regulation and Current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations, we may be unable to obtain components if our component suppliers are found to be in violation of such standards and we may have difficulty quickly engaging additional or replacement suppliers for some of our critical components, which could delay or impact our business, including the regulatory approval timelines as has happened with iLink Epioxa. If our manufacturing facilities or those of any of our component suppliers or contract facilities are found to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations or fail to adequately remediate any issues discovered during an audit, the FDA or other notified bodies could take enforcement action. Even if we are able to identify and qualify a suitable second source to replace one of our key suppliers, if necessary, that replacement supplier would not have access to our previous supplier’s proprietary processes and would therefore be required to develop its own, which could result in further delay. Despite our efforts to maintain an adequate supply of inventory, the loss of these suppliers, or their inability to provide us with an adequate supply of components or products, could cause delay in the manufacture of our products, thereby impairing our ability to meet the demand of our customers and causing significant harm to our business. Any disruption of this nature or increased expense could harm our commercialization efforts and adversely affect our operating results.

Our corneal health Photrexa therapies are produced by a small number of contract manufacturing organizations. The systems that bio-activate our Photrexa therapies are primarily manufactured in Burlington, Massachusetts. Any material disruption to the manufacture of our corneal health products, either our pharmaceuticals or their bio-activation systems, could also adversely affect our operating results and clinical efforts.

If the quality or delivery of our products does not meet our customers’ expectations, our reputation could suffer and ultimately our sales and operating earnings could be negatively impacted.

In the course of conducting our business, we have had to and must continue to adequately address quality issues associated with our products, including in our engineering, design, manufacturing and delivery processes, as well as issues in third-party components included in our products. Because our products are highly complex, the occurrence of performance issues may increase as we continue to introduce new products and as we rapidly scale up manufacturing to meet increased demand for our products. Although we have established internal procedures to minimize risks that may arise from product quality issues, there can be no assurance that we will be able to eliminate or mitigate occurrences of these issues and associated liabilities. In addition, identifying the root cause of performance or quality issues, particularly those affecting third-party components, may be difficult, which increases the time needed to address quality issues as they arise and increases the risk that similar problems could recur. Finding solutions to quality issues can be expensive and we may incur significant costs or lost revenue in connection with, for example, shipment holds, product recalls and warranty or other service obligations. In addition, quality issues can impair our relationships with new or existing customers or result in product liability suits against us, which may be expensive to defend or resolve and could impact the reimbursement coverage of our products, our product liability insurance rates and/or our cash reserves in the event our existing insurance coverage is insufficient. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could harm our reputation as a

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producer of high quality products, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Ophthalmic surgeons may not use our products if they do not believe they are safe, efficient, effective and preferable alternatives to other treatment solutions in the market or may use our products without being adequately trained, which could result in inferior clinical outcomes.

We believe that ophthalmic surgeons will not use our products unless they conclude that our products provide a safe, efficient, effective and preferable alternative to currently available treatment options. If ophthalmic surgeons determine that any of our products are not sufficiently effective, efficient or safe, whether based on longer-term patient studies or clinical experience or unsatisfactory patient outcomes or patient injury, our sales would be harmed. Surgeons may base such determination on patient outcomes that are the result of untrained or unqualified surgeons performing procedures for which they haven’t been trained. It is also possible that as our products become more widely used, latent defects could be identified, creating negative publicity and liability problems for us and adversely affecting demand for our products. If an increasing number of ophthalmic surgeons do not continue to adopt the use of our products, our operating and financial results will be negatively impacted.

Operating results could be unpredictable and may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the trading price of our common stock.

In addition to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, our net sales may experience volatility due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, among other things, fluctuating demand, pricing pressures applicable to our products, Medicare payment rates established by CMS, commercialization of our new and existing products and the marketing of competitive products, results of clinical research and trials, regulatory approvals and legislative changes affecting our products, variances in the sales terms, supply chain and inventory management, shortage of raw materials, timing or volume of customer orders and the length of our sales cycle, which varies and may be unpredictable. As a result, you should not rely on our results in any past period as an indication of future results and you should anticipate that fluctuations in our quarterly and annual operating results may continue and could generate volatility in the price of our common stock. We believe that quarterly comparisons of our financial results should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.

If we fail to manage our anticipated growth effectively, we may not be able to meet customer demand for our products and our business could suffer.

Since the commercial launch of the iStent in 2012, we have seen significant period-to-period growth in our business, both organically and through transactions, and we must continue to grow in order to meet our business and financial objectives. However, continued growth may create numerous challenges, including, among others, new and increased responsibilities for our management team; increased competition; increased product demand which could strain our manufacturing capacity; the management of an increasing number of customer, supplier and other relationships; increased pressure on our operating, financial and reporting systems; entry into new international territories with unfamiliar regulations and business approaches; and the need to hire, train and manage additional qualified personnel. If we fail to manage any of these challenges effectively, our business may be harmed.

If we are unable to retain or recruit qualified personnel for growth, our business results could suffer.

We have benefited substantially from the leadership and performance of our senior management and other key employees. For example, our chief executive officer, as well as other key members of our senior management, has experience successfully developing novel technologies and scaling early-stage medical device and pharmaceutical companies to achieve profitability. We also rely on our qualified sales representatives and on consultants and advisors in our research, operations, clinical and commercial efforts to grow our business, develop and commercialize new products and implement our business strategies. Our success will depend on our ability to retain our current management, key employees and consultants and advisors, and to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future, including by providing competitive compensation and benefit programs, career advancement prospects and sufficient opportunities to develop leadership, managerial and other valuable skills. The loss of services of these personnel, which could occur without notice and without cause or good reason, could prevent or delay our growth plans and the implementation and

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completion of our strategic objectives, or divert management’s attention to seeking qualified replacements. Our employees, including our senior management, are not subject to non-competition agreements. Accordingly, the adverse effect of losing key personnel could be compounded by our inability to prevent them from competing with us.

We have and may continue to enter into acquisitions, collaborations, in-licensing agreements, joint ventures, alliances or partnerships with third parties that could fail.

We have and may continue to enter into acquisitions, collaborations, in-licensing agreements, joint ventures, partnerships or undertake one or more of these transactions in order to retain our competitive position within the marketplace or to expand into new markets. Examples include our acquisitions of DOSE and Avedro, as well as our licensing of Santen’s Preserflo MicroShunt, the Intratus drug delivery platform and the Attillaps pharmaceutical compounds. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully complete any future acquisition we may pursue, or that we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired business, product or technology in a cost-effective and non-disruptive manner. Our future successes will depend, in part, on our ability to manage an expanded business, which may pose substantial challenges for our management, such as the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in managing such expanded business or that we will realize the expected economies of scale, synergies and other benefits currently anticipated from recent or future acquisitions or strategic transactions. Additionally, these collaborations, joint ventures, and partnerships may fail to result in any commercialized product, including due to delays in or failures to obtain regulatory approvals, such as the approval delays with respect to the PreserFlo MicroShunt, and could require us to invest a substantial amount of resources only to ultimately fail. In addition, these arrangements may be terminated before we are able to realize net sales to sufficiently cover the costs associated therewith, which could materially impact our business. We cannot assure you that any such transaction would result in the benefits expected from the transaction, including revenue growth, increased profitability or an enhancement in our business prospects. Further, pursuing acquisitions, collaborations, in licensing agreements, joint ventures, alliances or partnerships with third parties, whether or not completed, is costly and time-consuming and could distract Company management from the operation of the business, which could negatively impact our operating results.

Failure to protect our information technology infrastructure against cyber incidents, network security breaches, service interruptions, or data corruption could materially disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, operating results, or the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

The efficient operation of our global business depends on our information technology systems, including telecommunications, the internet, network communications, email and various computer hardware and software applications. We rely on our information technology systems to effectively manage sales and marketing data, accounting and financial functions, inventory management, product development tasks, clinical data, customer service and technical support functions. Our information technology systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, power losses, computer system or data network failures, data corruption and security breaches or other cyber-based incidents, which we have experienced and which we continue to monitor. Cyber incidents can include ransomware, computer denial-of-service attacks, worms, and other malicious software programs introduced to our computers and networks, including intrusions that are disguised and evade detection for an extended period of time, phishing attacks, impersonation of authorized users, and efforts to discover and exploit any design flaws, bugs, security vulnerabilities or security weaknesses, as well as intentional or unintentional acts by employees or other insiders with access privileges, intentional acts of vandalism or fraud by third parties and sabotage. While none of the cyber incidents or service interruptions that we have experienced to date have had a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or operations, we cannot assure that future incidents will not materially and adversely impact us. In addition, a variety of our software systems are cloud-based data management applications, hosted by third-party service providers whose security and information technology systems are subject to similar risks. The failure to protect either our or our service providers’ information technology infrastructure could disrupt our entire operation or result in decreased sales, increased overhead costs, product shortages, loss or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, intellectual property or sensitive or personal information, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and operating results.

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Our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system, which was implemented in 2020, is integral to our ability to accurately and efficiently maintain our books and records, record transactions, and prepare our financial statements. Any disruptions or difficulties that may occur in connection with our ERP system (whether in connection with the regular operation, periodic enhancements or upgrades of such systems, or due to cyber incidents) could adversely affect our ability to provide services, fulfill contractual obligations, file reports with the SEC in a timely manner, operate our business or otherwise affect our controls environment. If our independent registered public accounting firm determines that we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the New York Stock Exchange, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Failure to comply with data privacy and security laws could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to state, federal and foreign laws relating to data privacy and security in the conduct of our business, including state breach notification laws, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009,the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the UK Data Protection Act and the UK GDPR, and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), among others. These laws affect how we collect and use data of our employees, consultants, customers and other parties. These laws, as well as similar laws being enacted by other states and countries, impose substantial requirements that involve the expenditure of significant resources and the investment of significant time and effort to comply. We also rely on third parties to host or otherwise process some of this data. In some instances, these third parties have experienced failures to protect data privacy. Any failure by a third party to prevent security breaches could have adverse consequences for us. Our failure to comply with these laws or prevent security breaches of such data could result in significant liability under applicable laws, cause disruption to our business, harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We cannot be certain that our net operating loss tax carryforwards will be available to offset future taxable income.

At December 31, 2021, we had approximately $491.4million, $328.4 million and $12.3 million of net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards for federal, state and foreign purposes, respectively. Federal NOL carryforwards incurred prior to 2018 begin to expire in 2024, while federal NOL carryforwards of $239.2 million will not expire but can only be used to offset 80 percent of future taxable income. The state and foreign NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2022.

At December 31, 2021, we had federal and state R&D credit carryforwards of approximately $35.6 million and $18.4 million, respectively. Federal credits begin to expire in 2022, state credits of $4.1 million begin to expire in 2023, and state credits of $14.3 million carry over indefinitely. We continue to provide a valuation allowance against a portion of these tax attributes because we believe that uncertainty exists with respect to their future realization.

Utilization of these tax attributes may be subject to annual limitations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC) Section 382 and Section 383 if the Company experiences an ownership change. To the extent available, we intend to use these NOL and credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income and/or income tax liabilities associated with our operations. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient taxable income in the carryforward period to utilize the remaining tax attributes before they expire.

Risks Related to Indebtedness

The requirement that we service our indebtedness could limit the cash flow available for our operations and have other consequences that could adversely affect our business, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our debt obligations.

As of December 31, 2021, we had $287.5 million in principal amount of indebtedness as a result of the issuance of the Convertible Notes. We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Interest payments, fees, covenants and restrictions under agreements governing our current or future indebtedness, including the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, could have significant consequences, including the following: impairing our ability to

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successfully continue to commercialize our current or future products; limiting our ability to obtain additional financing on satisfactory terms; increasing our vulnerability to general economic downturns, competition and industry conditions; requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness; inhibiting our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business; and diluting the interests of our existing stockholders if we issue shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes. The occurrence of any one of these events could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows and ability to satisfy our obligations under the indenture governing the Convertible Notes and any other indebtedness.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance the amounts payable under our current or future indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, will depend on our operating and financial performance, which may be subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary investments in our business, and our cash needs may increase in the future. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional debt financing or equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance any future indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or secure desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Convertible Notes in cash or to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Convertible Notes.

Noteholders may require us to repurchase their Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Convertible Notes being converted. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of the Convertible Notes surrendered therefor or Convertible Notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the Convertible Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the Convertible Notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase Convertible Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture governing the Convertible Notes or to pay any cash payable on future conversions of the Convertible Notes as required by the indenture governing the Convertible Notes would constitute a default under the indenture governing the Convertible Notes. A default under the indenture governing the Convertible Notes or the occurrence of the fundamental change itself may lead to a default under any future credit facility or other agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Convertible Notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof.

The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes is triggered, holders of the Convertible Notes will be entitled to convert the Convertible Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Convertible Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders of the Convertible Notes do not elect to convert their Convertible Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Convertible Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

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The capped call transactions may affect the value of our common stock.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with certain option counterparties. The capped call transactions cover, subject to customary adjustments, the number of shares of common stock initially underlying the Convertible Notes. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution of our common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes or at our election (subject to certain conditions) and offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the aggregate principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction or offset subject to a cap.

We have been advised that, in connection with establishing their initial hedges of the capped call transactions, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates purchased shares of our common stock and/or entered into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock concurrently with or shortly after the pricing of the Convertible Notes. In addition, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the Convertible Notes (and are likely to do so on each exercise date of the capped call transactions, which are expected to occur during the 40 trading day period beginning on the 41st scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes, or following any termination of any portion of the capped call transactions in connection with any repurchase, redemption or early conversion of the Convertible Notes). This activity could cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock.

We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the capped call transactions.

The option counterparties to the capped call transactions are financial institutions, and we are subject to the risk that any or all of them might default under the capped call transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties is not secured by any collateral. Past global economic conditions have resulted in the actual or perceived failure or financial difficulties of many financial institutions. If an option counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under the capped call transactions with such option counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in the market price subject to the cap and in the volatility of our common stock.

In addition, upon a default by an option counterparty, we may suffer more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of the option counterparties.

Risks Related to the Regulatory Environment

Our business, products and processes are subject to extensive regulation both in the U.S. and abroad and it can be costly to comply with these regulations. Any failure to adhere to applicable regulations could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our medical devices, drugs, drug/device combination products and other products are subject to extensive government regulation in the U.S. by the FDA, state regulatory authorities and foreign regulatory authorities in the countries in which we conduct business. These regulations relate to, among other things, R&D, labeling, advertising, promotion, pricing, and discounts, recordkeeping, reporting, import and export, post-approval studies and the sale and distribution of our products. See Item 1, Business, “Government Regulation – U.S. Regulation & Reimbursement” and “International Regulation & Reimbursement” for additional information.

The process of obtaining clearances or approvals to market our products can be expensive and lengthy, and we cannot guarantee that our current products will receive approval for additional indications or that our future products will receive clearance or approval on a timely basis, if at all. Additionally, based upon a recent FDA determination, our pipeline products that are considered drug-device combination products will require review and coordination by each of

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FDA’s drug and device centers prior to approval, which may delay approval. Before we can obtain regulatory approval for any product candidate, we may be required to undertake extensive clinical testing in humans to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and other regulatory agencies, including internationally. We have experienced in the past, and could experience in the future, delays in the commencement or completion of clinical trials or testing that could significantly affect our product development costs. We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll an adequate number of patients in a timely manner or be completed on schedule, if at all. Conducting clinical trials is a complex and expensive process, can take many years, and outcomes are inherently uncertain. We incur substantial expense for, and devote significant time to, clinical trials but cannot be certain that the trials will ever result in commercial sales, even if we believe the results from such trials are positive. We may suffer significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after earlier clinical trials showed promising results, and failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. Any of our medical device products may malfunction and any of our products may produce undesirable adverse effects that could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials. We, the clinical trial investigators, the independent review board responsible for overseeing the trial, the FDA, or another regulatory authority may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements or trial protocols, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using the product, lack of sufficient funding, or to avoid exposing trial participants to unacceptable health risks. Any delay or failure in clinical trials would delay or prevent our ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and prospects.

In some instances we or our partners have pursued, and may in the future pursue, a regulatory clearance or approval that has proven or proves unsuccessful, such as the delays experienced by the PreserFlo Microshunt and the change in regulatory pathway undertaken with respect to the iStent infinite, which in the past has, and in the future may, substantially increase the time and financial resources required to obtain FDA or other regulatory approval or could result in new competitive products reaching the market faster than our product candidate, which could materially adversely impact our competitive position and prospects. We cannot assure you that we will receive the requisite or timely approvals for commercialization of our product candidates.

Even after we have obtained the proper regulatory clearance or approval to market a product, we have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations and applicable foreign laws and regulations. We may also be required to seek additional regulatory approvals to modify our approved products or their manufacturing processes, which may entail significant time and expense. We and our suppliers are subject to extensive post-marketing regulatory requirements and failure to comply with applicable requirements could subject us to enforcement actions, including product approval withdrawals. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements is subject to continual review and is monitored rigorously through periodic inspections by the FDA. Other post-market requirements that may regulate our products include establishment registration and device listing, quality system and good manufacturing requirements, reporting of adverse events and device malfunctions, reporting of corrections and removals (recalls), labeling requirements, and promotional restrictions. Under FDA regulations, combination products are subject to the quality system and good manufacturing requirements applicable to both drugs and medical devices. Our products could malfunction, cause unexpected adverse events, or experience performance problems that require review and possible corrective action by us or a component supplier, including a recall or market withdrawal. Failure to conduct any required post-marketing studies for our approved products in a timely manner could result in the revocation of the approval for the product that is subject to such a requirement and could also result in the recall or withdrawal of the product. Any recall or product withdrawal, whether required by the FDA or another regulatory authority or initiated by us, could harm our reputation with customers and negatively affect our sales.

The FDA, state and foreign regulatory authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA, state or foreign regulatory authorities, which may include, among other things, warning letters, fines, injunctions, recalls, refusals to grant or delays in granting requests, civil fines and penalties, operating restrictions, withdrawal of approvals and even criminal prosecution.

In addition, our promotional materials, sales techniques, pricing programs and training methods must comply with FDA and other applicable laws and regulations, including the prohibition of the promotion of a drug or medical device for a use that has not been cleared or approved by the FDA, also known as an “off-label” use. The FDA or other regulatory authorities may limit the indications for use of our products, thereby restricting our ability to promote the drug or device. Physicians may use our products, particularly newly-approved products just being commercialized, off-label,

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as the FDA does not restrict or regulate a physician's choice of treatment within the practice of medicine. Moreover, surgeons may choose to use certain products or combinations of products in order to gain more favorable reimbursement treatment. However, if the FDA determines that our promotional materials, sales techniques, pricing programs or training constitutes promotion of an off-label use or encourages over-utilization of our products or use of our products in combinations that are not indicated or appropriate, it could request that we modify our materials, techniques, programs or training or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions.

We are subject to healthcare fraud and abuse, anti-kickback, false claims and transparency laws and regulations, among others, which are enforced by federal and state governments with respect to our marketing, training, customer arrangements, discount, rebate and pricing programs, product bundling, financial arrangements with physicians, patient assistance programs, reimbursement support services, and other practices. See Item 1, Business, “Government Regulation – U.S. Regulation & Reimbursement” and “International Regulation & Reimbursement” for additional information about the laws and regulations which apply to us. The U.S. Department of Justice has increased its scrutiny of interactions between manufacturers and healthcare providers, as well as various patient and product support programs, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Although we try to structure our arrangements within available safe harbors whenever possible, we may nevertheless become subject to government scrutiny or investigation. Violations may result in civil monetary penalties, criminal penalties, and exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, all of which would have an adverse effect on our business. In the foreign markets in which we operate, different pricing and reimbursement systems, which could result in lower reimbursement, could harm our ability to operate our business.

We are also subject to compliance with various laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions, which generally prohibit companies and their agents from making bribes or other improper payments to officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We are also subject to limitations on trade with persons in sanctioned countries. Our exposure to international markets increases the inherent risks of encountering such issues. While our employees, distributors and agents are required to comply with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that our training and internal policies and procedures will always protect us from violations of these laws. Any actual or alleged violations of these laws and regulations could subject us to government investigations, criminal sanctions, severe fines and penalties that could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The scope and enforcement of each of the laws applicable to our business and products is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform.If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the government regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs and the curtailment or restricting of our operations, any of which could harm our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Responding to a government investigation is time and resource intensive, and may cause harm to our business and reputation even if we are able to successfully defend against it. Additionally, resolution of any such investigation may require agreement to onerous corporate integrity agreements or other compliance or reporting requirements, which may negatively affect our business.

Legislative or regulatory reform of the healthcare system could hinder or prevent our products’ commercial success.

In the U.S. and in certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare systems in ways that could impact our ability to sell our products profitably, if at all. In the U.S. in recent years, new legislation has been proposed and adopted at the federal and state levels that is effecting major changes in the healthcare system. In addition, new regulations and interpretations of existing healthcare statutes and regulations are frequently adopted and we may not be able to comply with the changed laws, they could increase the cost of manufacturing, marketing or selling our product, could make approvals of pipeline products more difficult or prevent us from selling at all. We expect there will continue to be a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the U.S. health care system that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the regulatory approval, manufacture and marketing of regulated products or the reimbursement thereof and may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of planned or future products. It is also difficult to predict whether and how the policies and priorities of a new administration could materially impact the regulation governing our products.

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We may from time to time increase the prices of our products, as we have recently done with our Photrexa therapies. Drug pricing by pharmaceutical manufacturers is currently, and is expected to continue to be, under close scrutiny, including with respect to manufacturers that increase the price of products after acquiring those products from other companies. In some cases, such scrutiny has resulted in congressional inquiries and federal and state legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to product pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturers’ patient support programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for products. Although our price increases have been based upon third party studies of the projected economic value of our products to the healthcare system, we cannot guarantee they would not be subject to such scrutiny.

In May 2017, the EU adopted Medical Devices Regulation 2017/745 (MDR), which repealed and replaced the Medical Device Directive (MDD). MDR went into effect in May 2021. Although MDR does not set out a substantially different regulatory system than MDD, it provides for stricter controls of medical devices. Under provisions that govern the transition from MDD to MDR, medical devices with notified body certificates issued under the MDD prior to May 2021 may continue to be marketed and sold as long as those certificates are valid (up to a maximum of five years from the date of issue) or until May 2024 at the latest. After the expiration of any applicable transitional period, only devices that have been CE marked under MDR may be placed on the market in the EU. Our failure to obtain CE marks for all of our products under MDR on a timely basis, or to comply with MDR, could restrict our ability to sell our products in the EU, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

Broader legislative changes may also impact our operations. On January 31, 2020, the U.K. withdrew from the EU (commonly referred to as Brexit) and the transition period ended on December 31, 2020. The U.K. and EU reached agreement regarding their future relationship on December 24, 2020. As a result of Brexit, there may be greater restrictions on imports and exports into and out of the U.K. and EU countries and regulatory complexities that could adversely impact the Company.

If, as a result of legislative or regulatory healthcare reform, we cannot sell our products profitably, whether due to our own inability to comply with, or the inability of other economic operators in our supply chain to qualify under, any legislative reform, our business would be harmed. In addition, any change in the laws or regulations that govern the clearance and approval processes relating to our current and future products could make it more difficult and costly to obtain clearance or approval for new products, or to produce, market and distribute existing products.

Changes to the reimbursement rates for our products may adversely impact our business.

Our ability to successfully commercialize and achieve market acceptance of our products depends in significant part on adequate financial coverage and reimbursement from third party payors, including governmental payors (such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs in the U.S.), managed care organizations and private health insurers. See Item 1, Business, “Government Regulation – U.S. Regulation & Reimbursement” and “International Regulation & Reimbursement” for additional information. Payors continually review the clinical evidence for new technologies and can change their coverage policies without notice or deny payment if the product was not used in accordance with the payor’s coverage policy. Therefore, coverage for our products can differ significantly from payor to payor. In addition, payors continually review new technologies for possible coverage and can, without notice, deny coverage for these products and procedures. As a result, the coverage determination process is often time-consuming and costly and requires us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage will be obtained or will be maintained once it is obtained.

In addition to uncertainties surrounding coverage policies, there are periodic changes to reimbursement levels. Without sufficient reimbursement from governmental programs or third party commercial payors, patients may not be able to access our products. The demand for, and the profitability of, our products could be materially harmed if the Medicaid program, Medicare program, other healthcare programs in the U.S. or elsewhere, or third party commercial payors in the U.S. or elsewhere deny reimbursement for our products, limit the indications for which our products will be reimbursed, or provide reimbursement only on unfavorable terms. Also, when procedures associated with our products transition from temporary CPT Category III codes to permanent CPT Category I codes, the physician and facility reimbursement levels associated with the procedures using these products could be decreased, such as the decreased payment rates for procedures using our iStent-related products, in conjunction with cataract surgery,

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established by CMS for 2022, as discussed earlier in these Risk Factors under the heading “Risks Related to Our Business.” Even when a permanent billing code has been assigned to a product, there is no guarantee that coverage will be provided. MACs have in the past, and may in the future, change coverage terms, which could result in inadequate reimbursement and impact the use of our products. If we are unable to maintain our existing codes or obtain new permanent codes for procedures using our products, or obtain new reimbursement codes for our other products in development, we may be subject to significant pricing pressure, which could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We cannot predict to what extent the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt global healthcare systems and access to our products or result in a widespread loss of individual health insurance coverage due to unemployment, a shift from commercial payor coverage to government payor coverage, or an increase in demand for patient assistance and/or free drug programs, any of which could adversely affect our net revenue. In addition, payers consistently engage in cost containment efforts, which could include efforts to decrease reimbursement levels for prescription drugs and the imposition of prior authorization for the use of our products. We cannot predict actions that third party payors may take, or whether they will limit the access to and level of reimbursement for our products or refuse to provide any approvals or coverage.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property, our competitors and other third parties could develop and commercialize products similar or identical to ours, which would substantially impair our ability to compete.

Our success and ability to compete depends significantly upon our ability to obtain, maintain and protect our proprietary rights and licensed intellectual property rights to the technologies and inventions used in or embodied by our products. We rely on a combination of patents and trademark rights, and to a lesser extent on trade secrets and copyrights, together with licenses and nondisclosure agreements to protect our technologies. These legal means, however, afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our business. We also have not pursued or maintained, and may not pursue or maintain in the future, patent protection for our products in every country or territory in which we sell or will in the future sell our products. In addition, we cannot be sure that any of our pending patent applications or pending trademark applications will issue or that, if issued, they will issue in a form that will be advantageous to us.

Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to adequately protect these rights, which could substantially impair our ability to compete. Our patents may be challenged and held invalid or we may be unable to extend the protection on products with expiring patents. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how. Competitors could purchase our products and attempt to replicate some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, infringe our intellectual property rights, design around our protected technology or develop their own competitive technologies that fall outside of our intellectual property rights. Further, although it is our policy to require each of our employees, consultants and any other parties who may be involved in the development of intellectual property on our behalf to execute proprietary information and inventions agreements, we may be unsuccessful in doing so with each party who in fact develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. The relevant assignment provisions may not be self-executing or may be breached, resulting in ownership disputes and/or litigation.

We have several foreign patents and patent applications, and expect to pursue patent protection in the most significant markets in which we do business. The laws of other countries in which our products are or may be sold may not protect our product offerings and intellectual property to the same extent as U.S. laws, if at all. Many companies have encountered significant difficulties in obtaining, protecting and defending such rights in international markets. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against other parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, and certain countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to other parties. We also may be unable to protect our rights in trade secrets and unpatented proprietary technology in these countries. If we encounter such difficulties or are otherwise precluded from effectively protecting our intellectual property rights in these countries, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be substantially harmed.

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We may not be able to accurately estimate or control our future operating expenses in relation to obtaining, enforcing and/or defending intellectual property, which could lead to cash shortfalls. Our operating expenses may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of the costs of preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims and other patent related costs, including litigation costs and the results of such litigation or costs associated with administrative proceedings and the results of such proceedings.

We have been and may in the future become involved in patent and other intellectual property litigation or administrative proceedings relating to our intellectual property rights, which could be costly, time consuming and unsuccessful and could interfere with our ability to successfully commercialize our products.

Intellectual property rights are essential to our business. We have asserted and may in the future need to assert claims of infringement against third parties to protect our rights, or to invalidate or challenge the intellectual property rights of a third party, including those rights owned by our competitors. Additionally, third parties could assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us with respect to our current or future commercial products and seek to invalidate one or more of our patents or trademarks. Intellectual property disputes often involve complex legal and factual questions, and could result in significant costs, substantial damages and our inability to manufacture, market or sell our existing or future products that are found to infringe. Even if we were to prevail in any such action, the litigation or administrative proceeding could result in substantial cost and diversion of resources that could materially and adversely affect our business. Such claims could arise in situations where certain employees, consultants or contractors were previous, or are currently, employed by other medical device, biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the intellectual property, proprietary information, know-how or trade secrets of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or these individuals have, inadvertently or otherwise, misappropriated the intellectual property or disclosed the alleged trade secrets or other proprietary information, of these former employers.

There is no guarantee that we would be successful enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights in court. A court could hold that some or all of our asserted intellectual property rights are not infringed, or could invalidate our rights, hold our rights unenforceable, or substantially narrow the scope of protection. Further, we could be prohibited from selling our products or a court could order us to pay compensatory damages as well as other penalties and fines. Any such adverse result would undermine our competitive position. Regardless of the final outcome, any litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights in patents, copyrights, trade secrets or trademarks is highly unpredictable and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Being a Public Company and Our Common Stock

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock.

Provisions in our Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Glaukos Charter) and amended and restated bylaws (Bylaws) may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:

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These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which limits the ability of stockholders owning in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock to merge or combine with us.

The exclusive forum provisions in our organizational documents could limit our stockholders' ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers or other employees.

Our Glaukos Charter and Bylaws provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company or its stockholders, (iii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Glaukos Charter or our Bylaws, or (iv) any action or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine (the Delaware Exclusive Forum Provision). Further, our Bylaws provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act (the Federal Forum Provision). Our decision to adopt the Federal Forum Provision followed a decision by the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware holding that such provisions are facially valid under Delaware law and means that suits brought by stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created under the Securities Act must be brought in federal court and cannot be brought in state court.

The Delaware Exclusive Forum Provision is intended to apply to claims arising under Delaware state law and would not apply to claims brought pursuant to the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. In addition, the Federal Forum Provision is intended to apply to claims arising under the Securities Act and would not apply to claims brought pursuant to the Exchange Act. The exclusive forum provisions in the Glaukos Charter and our Bylaws will not relieve us of our duties to comply with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder and, accordingly, actions by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder must be brought in federal courts. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with these laws, rules and regulations.

The exclusive forum provisions in the Glaukos Charter and our Bylaws may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. In addition, stockholders who do bring a claim in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware pursuant to the Delaware Exclusive Forum Provision could face additional litigation costs in pursuing any such claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Delaware. The court in the designated forum under our exclusive forum provisions may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments or results may be more favorable to the Company than to our stockholders. Further, the enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ organizational documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find any of our exclusive forum provisions to be inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings. If a court were to find all or any part of our exclusive forum provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we might incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions.

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ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

The Company leases two adjacent facilities located in San Clemente, California. Each of these leases expires on May 31, 2030, and each contains an option to extend the lease for one additional five year period at market rates. The total leased square footage of both facilities equals approximately 98,000. Additionally, the Company leases one property containing three office buildings, comprising approximately 160,000 rentable square feet of space, located in Aliso Viejo, California which was accounted for as a finance lease. The term of the Aliso Facility commenced on May 1, 2019 and continues for thirteen years. The agreement contains an option to extend the lease for two additional five year periods at market rates. On December 18, 2018, we also purchased approximately 2.5 acres of vacant land located adjacent to the Aliso Facility for future expansion purposes. In January 2022, the Company began relocating certain of its corporate administrative headquarters, along with certain laboratory, R&D and warehouse space, to the Aliso Facility. The Company’s San Clemente locations will continue to serve as its main manufacturing locations for the foreseeable future.

Additionally, we lease approximately 27,000 square feet of office and laboratory space in Waltham, Massachusetts, pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in 2023. We also currently occupy approximately 60,000 square feet of leased manufacturing space in Burlington, Massachusetts pursuant to a lease agreement that expires on July 31, 2033. Our additional U.S.-based and foreign subsidiaries’ leased office space, which includes small administrative offices in Germany, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Ireland, Japan and the United Kingdom, totals less than 14,000 square feet.

We believe our existing properties are well maintained, in good operating condition and are adequate to support our present level of operations.

ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries is a party to, and none of their respective property is the subject of, any material legal proceeding, although we are from time to time party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business.

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ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information for Common Stock

Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “GKOS”.

As of February 24, 2022, we had 62 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. The number of record holders also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Stock Performance Graph

The following performance graph shows the cumulative total stockholder return during the last five years in (i) our common stock, (ii) the S&P Small Cap 600 index and (iii) the S&P Small Cap 600 Healthcare index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested at the closing price of our common stock on the last trading day of fiscal year 2016 and all dividends were reinvested. Stockholder returns over the indicated period should not be considered indicative of future stockholder returns.

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

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Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock or any other securities. We anticipate that we will retain all available funds and any future earnings, if any, for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

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ITEM 6.[RESERVED]

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ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Selected Financial Data” and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Items 6 and 8, respectively, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and analysis and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements that reflect our current plans, expectations, estimates and beliefs that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, such as statements regarding our plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and projections. Our actual results and the timing of selected events may differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. You should carefully read Item 1A - “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements. Please also see the section entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data.”

Overview

We are an ophthalmic medical technology and pharmaceutical company focused on developing novel therapies for the treatment of glaucoma, corneal disorders, and retinal disease. We first developed Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) as an alternative to the traditional glaucoma treatment paradigm, launching our first MIGS device commercially in 2012, and have since developed a portfolio of technologically distinct and leverageable platforms to support ongoing pharmaceutical and medical device innovations. Products or product candidates for each of these platforms are designed to advance the standard of care through better treatment options across the areas of glaucoma, corneal disorders such as keratoconus, dry eye and refractive vision correction, and retinal diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Current Economic Environment

While the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic slowdown materially impacted the global demand for our products starting in March 2020, we began to see an early recovery toward more normalized levels for cataract and keratoconus procedures as early as May 2020, a trend that has generally continued, with periodic volatility in certain geographies in which we operate, through December 31, 2021. Most recently the Omicron variant has led to a material increase in diagnosed cases worldwide, creating new government restrictions in select geographies and impacting elective procedures in hospital and ambulatory surgery center sites. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread staffing shortages, including in ambulatory surgery centers, which may also impact elective procedures. These trends accelerated at the end of December 2021 and continued through the date herein.

We continue to actively assess the impact of COVID-19 on our clinical trials and other pipeline products. The closure of ophthalmic practices and deferral of elective procedures beginning in the first quarter of 2020 in response to COVID-19 disrupted new patient enrollment in our ongoing clinical trials. While we cannot predict the full impact of COVID-19 on the timing of completion of our clinical trials and the expected regulatory approvals for our pipeline products, our disclosed targeted approval dates anticipate, to our best estimate, such impact.

Additionally, some of our vendors are continuing to experience supply challenges, both in the acquisition of raw materials as well as due to limited headcount resources, and we have experienced higher costs for certain raw materials. These challenges have led to delays and partial or unfulfilled deliveries of certain components needed for the manufacture of our products, in some cases requiring us to find second sources for materials. If these delays and partial or unfulfilled deliveries persist, they could impact our ability to ship some of our products to our customers, or bring some of our pipeline products to market, in a timely manner. We believe that much of these supply challenges stem from the ongoing obstacles presented by COVID-19.

In 2020, when COVID had its greatest financial impact to date, we sought to preserve our cash position by instituting a number of cost saving initiatives, including temporary reductions in discretionary spending and capital expenditures. We temporarily deferred a significant portion of our planned 2020 capital expenditures, particularly those related to facilities expansion and consolidation plans, which were reinstituted as state and local governments began to

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authorize re-openings. Further, in June 2020, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $287.5 million of 2.75% convertible notes due 2027 (the Convertible Notes), the net proceeds of which will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2021, we had cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and restricted cash of approximately $423.5 million, compared to $413.9 million as of December 31, 2020.

The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations going forward is unknown and will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration and severity of the COVID-19 outbreak, the status of health and safety actions taken to contain its spread, the severity and transmission rates of new variants of COVID-19 such as the Delta and Omicron variants, the availability, distribution, and efficacy of vaccines for COVID-19, any additional preventative and protective actions that governments, or we, may take, any future surges of COVID-19 that may occur, the dynamics associated with the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines, and how quickly and to what extent economic and operating conditions normalize within the markets in which we operate. For additional information, see the section titled Risks Related to Our Business within Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Financial Overview

The most important financial indicators that we use to assess our business are net sales, gross margin, operating expenses, and cash on hand.

December 31, December 31,

Gross margin 77 % 59 %

Please see Results of Operations and Liquidity and Capital Resources below for a detailed discussion of each of the above items including analysis of the fluctuations from year to year.

We incurred net losses of $49.6 million and $120.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively and as of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $365.2 million.

Material Changes and Transactions

Acquisition of Avedro, Inc.

On November 21, 2019, we acquired Avedro, Inc. (Avedro), a hybrid ophthalmic pharmaceutical and medical technology company focused on developing therapies designed to treat corneal diseases and disorders and correct refractive conditions, in a stock-for-stock transaction (Avedro Merger). Avedro developed novel bio-activated drug formulations used in combination with proprietary systems for the treatment of progressive keratoconus and corneal ectasia following refractive surgery. The therapy is the first and only minimally invasive anterior segment product offering approved by the FDA shown to halt the progression of keratoconus.

Recent Developments

2022 U.S. reimbursement rates

GKOS US Equity

GKOS · 10-K · period ended 2021-12-31

ITEM 1.BUSINESS

Item 1A. Risk Factors

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

ITEM 6.[RESERVED]

ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GKOS US Equity☆

GKOS · 10-K · period ended 2021-12-31

ITEM 1.BUSINESS

Item 1A. Risk Factors

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

ITEM 6.[RESERVED]

ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GKOS US Equity