Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following section discusses management's view of the financial condition and results of operations of FIS and its consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, unless otherwise noted.
This section should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements. See "Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information" and "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this Annual Report for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these forward-looking statements that could cause future results to differ materially from those reflected in this section.
Business Trends and Conditions
Our revenue from continuing operations is primarily derived from a combination of technology and processing solutions, transaction processing fees, professional services and software license fees. While we are a global company and do business around the world, the majority of our revenue is generated by clients in the U.S. The majority of our international revenue is generated by clients in the U.K., Germany, Canada, Brazil, Australia and Switzerland. In addition, the majority of our revenue has historically been recurring and has been provided under multi-year Banking and Capital Markets contracts that contribute relative stability to our revenue stream. These solutions, in general, are considered critical to our clients' operations. Professional services revenue is typically non-recurring, though recognition often occurs over time rather than at a point in time. Sales of software licenses are typically non-recurring with point-in-time recognition and are less predictable.
The U.S. and Europe, the two largest geographic areas for our businesses, are experiencing slower economic growth than in previous years. Lengthening sales cycles observed in 2022, particularly for large Banking transactions with a total contract value in excess of $50 million, persisted during most of 2023, which we believe resulted from economic uncertainty. We also experienced, and continue to experience, higher rates of inflation in these markets, including increasing wage and benefits rates, which management believes is in part due to inflation and in part due to competitive job markets for the skilled employees who support our businesses, as well as increasing non-labor-related costs. The magnitude of future effects of slower economic growth, including lengthy sales cycles and inflation, is difficult to predict, although these factors have had an adverse effect on our results of operations and, to the extent they persist, may continue to have a negative effect. Rising interest rates have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our interest expense; however, planned debt reduction is expected to decrease our total interest expense. In 2022, the strengthening of the U.S. dollar had a negative impact on our revenue and earnings, while in 2023, impacts of foreign currency fluctuations were slightly favorable. Given the volatility of exchange rates and the mix of currencies involved in both revenues and expenses, the direction and magnitude of future effects of currency fluctuations are uncertain. The combined effect of the factors noted above resulted in 2023 revenue growth being slower than in 2022, and 2023 net earnings declined compared to 2022. Over the longer term, we are targeting improvements in revenue growth and margins to the extent of improving economic conditions and in response to planned management actions, including our Future Forward program discussed below.
Slowing growth trends affecting our discontinued operations observed over the second half of 2022, reflecting both slower economic growth, particularly in the U.K., and competitive pressures, continued over the course of 2023. In 2022, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $17.6 billion related to the held-for-sale reporting unit, reflecting our intermediate-term growth expectations. In the second quarter of 2023, we recorded an additional $6.8 billion goodwill impairment, reflective of the price at which we agreed to sell a majority interest in the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business to Buyer as discussed further below. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further details on the goodwill impairments. Also as discussed in Note 3, the Company recorded a $1.9 billion valuation allowance against the assets held for sale in the disposal group, primarily as a result of the exclusion of certain deferred tax liabilities that were not transferring to the Joint Venture in the Worldpay Sale. As of January 31, 2024, the closing date of the Worldpay Sale, the assets held for sale, net of the valuation
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allowance, and the liabilities held for sale were derecognized, and any additional gain or loss on sale will be recorded in our discontinued operations for the first quarter of 2024.
On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the previously announced Worldpay Sale for cash consideration in a transaction valuing the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business at an enterprise value of $18.5 billion, including $1.0 billion of consideration contingent on the returns realized by Buyer exceeding certain thresholds. The net cash proceeds received by FIS at the closing were greater than $12 billion, net of estimated closing adjustments, debt restructuring fees, taxes and transaction costs. The closing adjustments relate to estimated closing levels of the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business' debt, working capital relative to an agreed target and available cash relative to an agreed minimum of not less than $1.5 billion and will be trued-up post-closing. We intend to use proceeds from the sale to retire debt and return additional capital to shareholders through our existing share repurchase authorization, as well as for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, while maintaining an investment grade credit rating. As of the closing, we retained a non-controlling 45% ownership interest in a new standalone Joint Venture. In future reports, FIS' share of the net income of the Joint Venture will be reported as equity method investment earnings (loss). In connection with the sale, FIS and Worldpay have entered into commercial agreements, preserving a key value proposition for clients of both businesses and minimizing potential dis-synergies. FIS and Worldpay also entered into additional agreements as described in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements.
In November 2022, we launched an enterprise-wide efficiency program, Future Forward, with a focus on streamlining operations, accelerating time to market of new solutions and improving profitability and cash flow. As of December 31, 2023, on a continuing operations basis, we achieved annualized run-rate Future Forward cash savings of over $550 million exiting the quarter, including over $370 million of operational expense savings and approximately $180 million of capital expense savings. We continue to expect cash savings exiting 2024 of $1.0 billion, of which over 75 percent represents run-rate cash savings.
We continue to assist financial institutions and other businesses in migrating to outsourced integrated technology solutions to improve their profitability and address increasing and ongoing regulatory requirements. As a provider of outsourced solutions, we benefit from multi-year recurring revenue streams, which help moderate the effects of broader year-to-year economic and market changes that otherwise might have a larger impact on our results of operations. We believe our integrated solutions and outsourced services are well-positioned to address this outsourcing trend across the markets we serve.
We continue to invest in modernization, innovation and integrated solutions to meet the demands of the markets we serve and compete with global banks, financial and other technology providers, and emerging technology innovators. We invest both internally and through investment opportunities in companies building complementary technologies in the financial services space. Our internal development activities have related primarily to the modernization of our proprietary core systems in each of our segments, design and development of next-generation digital and innovative solutions and development of processing systems and related software applications and risk management platforms. We expect to continue to invest an appropriate level of resources to maintain, enhance and extend the functionality of our proprietary systems and existing software applications, to develop new and innovative software applications and systems to address emerging technology trends in response to the needs of our clients, and to enhance the capabilities of our outsourcing infrastructure.
Consumer preference continues to shift from traditional branch banking services to digital banking solutions, and our clients seek to provide a single integrated banking experience through their branch, mobile, internet and voice banking channels. We have been providing our large regional banking customers in the U.S. with Digital One, an integrated digital banking platform, and are now adding functionality and offering Digital One to our community bank clients to provide a consistent, omnichannel experience for consumers of banking services across self-service channels like mobile banking and online banking, as well as supporting channels for bank staff operating in bank branches and contact centers. The uniform customer experience extends to support a broad range of financial services including opening new accounts, servicing of existing accounts, money movement, and personal financial management, as well as other consumer, small business and commercial banking capabilities. Digital One is integrated into several of the core banking platforms offered by FIS and is also offered to customers of non-FIS core banking systems.
Consolidation within the banking industry has occurred and may continue, primarily in the form of merger and acquisition activity among financial institutions, which we believe would broadly be detrimental to the profitability of the financial technology industry. However, consolidation resulting from specific merger and acquisition transactions may be beneficial to our business. When consolidations of financial institutions occur, merger partners often operate systems obtained from competing service providers. The newly formed entity generally makes a determination to migrate its core and payments systems to a single platform. When a financial institution processing client is involved in a consolidation, we may benefit by their expanding the use of our solutions if such solutions are chosen to survive the consolidation and to support the newly combined entity. Conversely, we may lose revenue if we are providing solutions to both entities, or if a client of ours is
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involved in a consolidation and our solutions are not chosen to support the newly combined entity. It is also possible that larger financial institutions resulting from consolidation may have greater leverage in negotiating terms or could decide to perform in-house some or all of the solutions that we currently provide or could provide. We seek to mitigate the risks of consolidations by offering other competitive solutions to take advantage of specific opportunities at the surviving company.
Recent U.S. bank failures could negatively impact our results to the extent more of our customers become illiquid; however, our current exposure to recent closures is limited, and we may be a long-term beneficiary of these closures. As a leading provider of financial technology services to the top 100 U.S. banks by asset size as well as other global financial institutions, FIS boasts a highly diversified customer base, with no single customer accounting for more than approximately 2% of 2023 revenue from continuing operations. With respect to U.S. financial institution customers that closed during 2023, FIS expects to continue to provide services for the majority of these banks, and our revenue exposure from potential contract terminations related to these banks is not material. Further, FIS' core banking customer contracts are generally structured with fees that increase based on the number of active accounts or transactions rather than the amount of deposits. Thus, to the extent account volume increases, we are positioned to benefit from this growth as a leading core banking services provider to large financial institutions.
We continue to see demand in the payments market for innovative solutions that will deliver faster, more convenient payment options in mobile channels, internet applications, in-store cards, and digital currencies. The payment processing industry is adopting new technologies, developing new solutions, evolving new business models, and being affected by new market entrants and by an evolving regulatory environment. As financial institutions respond to these changes by seeking solutions to help them enhance their own offerings to consumers, including the ability to accept card-not-present payments in eCommerce and mobile environments as well as contactless cards and mobile wallets at the point of sale, FIS believes that payment processors will seek to develop additional capabilities in order to serve clients' evolving needs. To facilitate this expansion, we believe that payment processors will need to enhance their technology platforms so they can deliver these capabilities and differentiate their offerings from other providers.
We believe that these market changes present both an opportunity and a risk for us, and we cannot predict which emerging technologies or solutions will be successful. However, FIS believes that payment processors, like FIS, that have scalable, integrated business models, provide solutions across the payment processing value chain and utilize broad distribution capabilities will be best-positioned to enable emerging alternative electronic payment technologies in the long term. Further, FIS believes that its depth of capabilities and breadth of distribution will enhance its position as emerging payment technologies are adopted by merchants and other businesses. FIS' ability to partner with non-financial institution enterprises, such as mobile payment providers and internet, retail and social media companies, continues to create attractive growth opportunities as these new entrants seek to become more active participants in the development of alternative electronic payment technologies and to facilitate the convergence of retail, online, mobile and social commerce applications.
Cyberattacks on information technology systems and the vendors and technological supply chain they rely on continue to grow in frequency, complexity and sophistication. This is a trend we expect to continue. The continued growth in the frequency, complexity and sophistication of cyberattacks presents both a threat and an opportunity for FIS. Using expertise we have gained from our ongoing focus and investment, we have developed and we offer fraud, security, risk management and compliance solutions to target this growth opportunity in the financial services industry. We also use certain of these solutions to manage our own risks. See Item 1C for additional discussion of how the Company assesses, identifies, and manages cybersecurity risks.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The accounting policies and estimates described below are those we consider critical in preparing our consolidated financial statements. These policies require management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures with respect to contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for a more detailed description of the significant accounting policies that have been followed in preparing our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Application of GAAP related to the measurement and recognition of revenue requires us to make judgments and estimates. Specifically, complex arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require significant contract interpretation in the
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determination of distinct performance obligations. Other judgments may include the evaluation of the standalone selling price for each performance obligation and whether separate contracts should be combined and considered part of one arrangement.
The determination as to whether individual promised solutions or services can be considered distinct or should instead be combined with other promised solutions or services in a contract may require judgment. We assess the solutions and services promised in our contracts with customers and identify a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a solution or service (or bundle of solutions or services) that is distinct - i.e., if a solution or service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer.
Due to the large number, broad nature and average size of our individual customer contracts, the impact of judgments and assumptions that we apply in recognizing revenue for any single contract is not likely to have a material effect on our consolidated operations or financial position. However, the accounting policies that we apply across similar contracts, products or classes of clients could significantly influence the timing and amount of revenue recognized in our historical and future results of operations or financial position.
Purchase Accounting
We allocate the purchase price of acquired businesses to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction at their estimated fair values. The estimates used to determine the fair value of long-lived assets, such as intangible assets and software, are complex and require a significant amount of management judgment. We typically engage third-party valuation specialists to assist us in making fair value determinations. The third-party valuation specialists generally use discounted cash flow models, which require internally-developed assumptions, to determine the acquisition fair value of customer relationship intangible assets and developed technology software assets. Assumptions for customer relationship asset valuations typically include forecasted revenue attributable to existing customer contracts and relationships, estimated annual attrition, forecasted margin, and estimated weighted average cost of capital and discount rates. Assumptions for software asset valuations typically include forecasted revenue attributable to the software assets, obsolescence rates, estimated royalty rates and estimated weighted average cost of capital and discount rates. The forecasted revenue and margins used in the discounted cash flow models are critical estimates in determining the fair value of customer relationships and developed technology software assets as these estimates are influenced by many factors including historical financial information and management’s expectation for future operating results as a combined company.
While we use our best estimates and assumptions to determine the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of earnings.
We had no significant business combinations during 2023 and 2022.
Goodwill Impairment
The Company assesses goodwill for impairment by reporting unit on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or more frequently if circumstances indicate potential impairment. Our reporting units are the same as our primary operating segments, with additional reporting units for certain non-strategic businesses within the Corporate and Other segment. Goodwill impairment assessments require a significant amount of management judgment, and a meaningful change in one or more of the underlying forecasts, estimates, or assumptions used in testing goodwill for impairment could result in a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. Based on the results of our assessments, goodwill of the reporting units in our continuing operations was not impaired in any of the periods presented.
Our annual impairment test may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Qualitative factors include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance and events affecting the reporting unit or Company as a whole, including a sustained decrease in stock price. As a result of the qualitative assessment, if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount as a result of the qualitative assessment, or we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit, then we must perform a quantitative assessment for that reporting unit.
When a quantitative assessment is triggered or elected, we typically engage third-party valuation specialists to assist us in determining the fair value of the reporting unit based on the weighted average of two valuation techniques: an income approach
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(also known as the discounted cash flow method) and a market approach. The income approach calculates a value based upon the present value of estimated future cash flows, while the market approach uses earnings multiples of similarly situated guideline public companies. The income approach involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions regarding forecasted revenue, growth rates, operating margins, capital expenditures, and other factors used to calculate estimated future cash flows. In addition, risk-adjusted discount rates and future economic and market conditions and other assumptions are applied. The market approach involves the selection of guideline public companies and earnings multiples considering factors such as markets of operation, solutions offered, and risk profiles. The income approach used to assess goodwill for impairment is a critical estimate because the forecasted revenue growth rate and margin assumptions (including long-term growth assumptions) underlying the estimated future cash flows are subject to management’s judgment based upon the best available market information, internal forecasts and operating plans. A deterioration in these assumptions could adversely impact our results. The income approach is also particularly sensitive to the risk-adjusted discount rate selected.
For our Banking and Capital Markets reporting units, for which previous third-party valuations have historically indicated substantial excess of fair value over carrying amounts, our 2021 qualitative annual assessment concluded that it remained more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units continued to exceed their respective carrying amounts. For 2022, we performed a quantitative annual assessment which again concluded that the fair values of these reporting units substantially exceeded their respective carrying amounts. For 2023, we performed a qualitative annual assessment of these reporting units and concluded that it remained more likely than not that the fair values of these reporting units continued to exceed their respective carrying amounts. Given the substantial excess of fair value over carrying amounts, we believe the likelihood of obtaining materially different results based on a change of assumptions to be low.
Related-Party Transactions
We are a party to certain historical related-party agreements as discussed in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements. In connection with the closing of the Worldpay Sale, we entered into several agreements with certain Worldpay entities, as further described in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Year ended December 31, $ Change % Change
(In millions)
Gross profit margin 37 % 36 % 36 %
Operating margin 15 % 13 % 11 %
Revenue
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, increased primarily due to strong recurring revenue growth in the Banking and Capital Markets segments.
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased primarily due to strong recurring revenue growth in the Banking and Capital Markets segments. Revenue was negatively impacted by unfavorable foreign currency movements, primarily related to a stronger U.S. Dollar versus the British Pound Sterling and Euro. See "Segment Results of Operations" below for more detailed explanation.
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Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin
Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, decreased due to lower intangible asset amortization resulting primarily from using accelerated amortization methods which apply a declining rate over time, contributing to higher gross profit and gross profit margin.
Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased due to the revenue variances noted above and cost inflation, partially offset by lower intangible asset amortization resulting primarily from foreign currency movements. Gross profit increased primarily due to revenue variances noted above. Gross profit margin was essentially flat when comparing 2022 to 2021.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023, decreased primarily due to lower acquisition, integration and other costs partially offset by inflation, which increased corporate expenses as compared to the prior year period.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased primarily due to higher compensation and acquisition-related expenses. The 2021 period included accelerated stock compensation expense recorded associated with the establishment of the Qualified Retirement Equity Program that modified our existing stock compensation plans as described in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
Asset Impairments
The year ended December 31, 2023, included impairments primarily related to the termination of certain internally developed software projects. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company also recorded impairments related to real estate, a non-strategic business and certain software assets.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded impairments primarily related to real estate, a non-strategic business and certain software assets. During 2021, the Company recorded impairments primarily related to certain software and deferred contract cost assets driven by the Company's platform modernization.
Operating Income and Operating Margin
The annual change in operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 resulted from the revenue and cost variances noted above.
Total Other Income (Expense), Net
Year ended December 31, $ Change % Change
Other income (expense): (In millions)
Total other income (expense), net $ (804) $ (277) $ (321) (527) $ 44 NM NM
The increase in interest expense, net during the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to higher interest rates on our variable-rate debt, including the impact of our fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps discussed further in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements, offset in part by increased interest income.
The increase in interest expense, net during the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily due to increased interest expense on senior notes refinanced in 2022 and our variable-rate instruments.
Other income (expense), net for the periods presented consists of various income and expense items outside of the Company's operating activities, including foreign currency transaction remeasurement gains and losses; realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity security investments, including impairment losses on these investments; and fair value adjustments
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on certain non-operating assets and liabilities, including certain derivatives as further described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements.
The $(187) million net change in Other income (expense), net during the year ended December 31, 2023, related primarily to foreign currency transaction remeasurement losses and the impact of the change in fair value of interest rate swaps accounted for as economic hedges during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the interest rate swaps.
The $113 million net change in Other income (expense), net during the year ended December 31, 2022, related primarily to several events that were recorded in the results for the year ended December 31, 2021, and were not repeated in 2022, including a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $(528) million (as discussed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements), partially offset by a gain on the sale of our equity ownership interest in Cardinal Holdings of approximately $225 million (as discussed in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements) and a gain of $174 million related to fair value adjustments on equity security investments.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Year ended December 31, $ Change % Change
(In millions)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 157 $ 325 $ 403 $ (168) $ (78) NM NM
Effective tax rate 24 % 35 % 56 %
The decrease in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023, was predominately driven by the decrease in GAAP pre-tax earnings.
The effective tax rate for 2021 includes the one-time net remeasurement of certain deferred tax liabilities due to the increase in the U.K. corporate statutory tax rate from 19% to 25% effective April 1, 2023, enacted on June 10, 2021.
Discontinued Operations
Year ended December 31, $ Change % Change
(In millions)
Loss on assets held for sale $ (1,909) $ — $ — (1,909) — NM NM
Revenue from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, increased from the prior year primarily due to eCommerce volume growth.
Revenue from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased from the prior year primarily due to eCommerce volume growth, aided by the ongoing global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, earnings (loss) from discontinued operations related to major classes of pre-tax earnings (loss) was primarily a result of a $6.8 billion goodwill impairment recorded as discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, earnings (loss) from discontinued operations related to major classes of pre-tax earnings (loss) was primarily a result of a $17.6 billion goodwill impairment recorded as discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
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For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a pre-tax loss on the disposal of discontinued operations of $1.9 billion, reflecting the establishment of a valuation allowance to reduce the Worldpay Merchant Solutions disposal group's carrying value down to fair value less cost to sell as discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, loss from discontinued operations, net of tax decreased primarily due to a reduction in the goodwill impairment recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the goodwill impairment recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by the valuation allowance recorded in the third and fourth quarters of 2023, as noted above.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to 2021, the loss from discontinued operations, net of tax was driven primarily due to the goodwill impairment recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022, as discussed above.
Segment Results of Operations
FIS reports its financial performance based on the following segments: Banking Solutions, Capital Market Solutions, and Corporate and Other.
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net earnings (loss) before net interest expense, net other income (expense), income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, and excludes certain costs and other transactions that management deems non-operational in nature or that otherwise improve the comparability of operating results across reporting periods by their exclusion. This measure is reported to the chief operating decision maker for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to the segments and assessing their performance. For this reason, Adjusted EBITDA, as it relates to our segments, is presented in conformity with FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting. The items affecting the segment profit measure generally include purchase price amortization of acquired intangible assets as well as acquisition, integration and certain other costs and asset impairments. These costs and adjustments are recorded in the Corporate and Other segment for the periods discussed below. Adjusted EBITDA for the respective segments excludes the foregoing costs and adjustments. Financial information, including details of Adjusted EBITDA, for each of our segments is set forth in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
Banking Solutions
Years ended December 31, $ Change % Change
(In millions)
Adjusted EBITDA margin basis points change — (200)
Year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022:
Revenue in our Banking segment increased 2% for the year ended December 31, 2023. Recurring revenue contributed 3% to total segment growth, as payments volumes increased year over year, including in our commercial services and value-added processing businesses. Non-recurring and professional services revenue contributed a combined (1%) to total segment growth.
Adjusted EBITDA increased year over year due to the revenue impacts noted above and savings generated from the Company's Future Forward initiatives. Adjusted EBITDA margin was flat year over year, as Future Forward cost savings offset unfavorable revenue mix year over year, including a reduction in high-margin license and termination fee revenue.
Year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 2021:
Revenue in our Banking segment increased 4% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Recurring revenue contributed 5% to total segment growth, primarily due to the ramp-up of several large contracts. Revenue was negatively impacted by foreign
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currency movements, which contributed (1%) to total segment growth primarily related to a stronger U.S. Dollar versus the Euro and the British Pound Sterling.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased as the revenue impacts noted above were offset by lower-margin revenue mix and cost inflation.
Capital Market Solutions
Years ended December 31, $ Change % Change
(In millions)
Adjusted EBITDA margin basis points change (60) 140
Year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022:
Revenue in our Capital Markets segment increased 5% for the year ended December 31, 2023. Recurring revenue contributed 6% to total segment growth due to strong new sales momentum and continued movement to a SaaS-based recurring revenue model. Professional services revenue contributed (1%) to total segment growth.
Adjusted EBITDA increased year over year due to the revenue impacts noted above. Adjusted EBITDA margin declined year over year due to revenue mix.
Year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 2021:
Revenue in our Capital Markets segment increased 5% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Recurring revenue contributed 7% to total segment growth due to strong new sales momentum and continued movement to a SaaS-based recurring revenue model. Revenue was also negatively impacted by unfavorable foreign currency movements, which contributed (2%) to total segment growth primarily related to a stronger U.S. Dollar versus the British Pound Sterling.
Adjusted EBITDA increased primarily due to the revenue impacts noted above. Adjusted EBITDA margin increased primarily due to continued expense management and operating leverage.
Corporate and Other
Years ended December 31, $ Change % Change
(In millions)
Year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022:
Revenue in our Corporate and Other segment decreased 31% for the year ended December 31, 2023, due to the ramp down of non-strategic businesses, as well as prior year divestitures.
Adjusted EBITDA decreased as a result of the revenue impacts noted above, as well as higher corporate expenses as compared to the prior year period.
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Year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 2021:
Revenue in the Corporate and Other segment decreased 4% for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to divestitures of non-strategic businesses in 2022 as well as client attrition in our non-strategic businesses.
Adjusted EBITDA increased due to lower corporate costs as compared to prior year. Adjusted EBITDA was positively impacted by favorable foreign currency movements related to a stronger U.S. Dollar versus the British Pound Sterling and Indian Rupee.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Requirements
Our principal ongoing cash requirements include operating expenses, income taxes, mandatory debt service payments, capital expenditures, stockholder dividends, working capital and timing differences in settlement-related assets and liabilities and may include discretionary debt repayments, share repurchases and business acquisitions. Our principal sources of funds are cash generated by operations and borrowings, including the capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, the U.S. commercial paper program and the Euro-commercial paper program discussed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements, in addition to the net proceeds from the Worldpay Sale which closed on January 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $3,053 million of available liquidity, including $440 million of cash and cash equivalents, exclusive of discontinued operations, and $2,613 million of capacity available under its Revolving Credit Facility and Incremental Revolving Credit Facility. Approximately $9 million of cash and cash equivalents is held by our foreign entities, including amounts related to regulatory requirements. The majority of our domestic cash and cash equivalents relates to settlement payables and net deposits-in-transit, which are typically settled within a few business days. Debt outstanding totaled $19.1 billion, with an effective weighted average interest rate of 3.5%. As of December 31, 2023, our assets held for sale included $1,380 million of cash and cash equivalents which the Company will not be able to access following the separation of the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business. Such amount of cash and cash equivalents in assets held for sale is inclusive of $1,190 million in cash and cash equivalents held by foreign entities, including amounts related to regulatory requirements.
Although we continue to evaluate the optimal capital structure for our business following the completion of the Worldpay Sale, we intend to maintain investment grade debt ratings for FIS.
We believe that our current level of cash and cash equivalents plus cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our operating cash requirements, capital expenditures and mandatory debt service payments for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future.
In February 2024, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.36 per share beginning with the first quarter of 2024. A regular quarterly dividend of $0.36 per common share is payable on March 22, 2024, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2024. We currently expect to continue to pay quarterly dividends at a target payout ratio consistent with our capital allocation strategy, without regard to net earnings (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest retained in Worldpay post-separation. However, the amount, declaration and payment of future dividends is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and depends on, among other things, our investment opportunities (including potential mergers and acquisitions), results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects, and other factors, including legal and contractual restrictions, that may be considered relevant by our Board of Directors. Additionally, the payment of cash dividends may be limited by covenants in certain debt agreements.
In January 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which it authorized the Company to repurchase up to 100 million shares of our common stock at management's discretion from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions and through Rule 10b5-1 plans. The share repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended for periods, amended or discontinued at any time. Under the share repurchase program, the Company repurchased approximately 9 million shares for an aggregate of $0.5 billion in 2023, 21 million shares for an aggregate of $1.8 billion in 2022 and approximately 15 million shares for an aggregate of $2.0 billion during 2021. Approximately 55 million shares remain available for repurchase as of December 31, 2023. We plan to continue to prioritize debt reduction and share repurchases under the current share repurchase authorization. We now intend to repurchase approximately at least $3.5 billion of our shares outstanding by year end 2024.
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Cash Flows from Operations
Our net cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net earnings, adjusted to add back depreciation and amortization and other non-cash items including asset impairments. Cash flows from operations, inclusive of discontinued operations, were $4,335 million, $3,939 million and $4,810 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations). Cash flows from operations increased $396 million in 2023 and decreased $871 million in 2022. The 2023 increase in cash flows from operations is primarily due to working capital improvements, partially offset by settlement timing. The 2022 decrease in cash flows from operations is primarily due to a decrease in net earnings and settlement timing, partially offset by working capital.
Cash Flows from Investing
Our principal investing activity relates to capital expenditures for software (purchased and internally developed) and property and equipment. Inclusive of discontinued operations, we invested approximately $1,122 million, $1,390 million and $1,251 million in capital expenditures (excluding other financing obligations for certain hardware and software) during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for capital expenditures from discontinued operations). We expect to continue investing in software and in property and equipment to support our business.
We also invest in acquisitions that complement and extend our existing solutions and capabilities and provide additional solutions to our portfolio, and we dispose of assets that are no longer considered strategic. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we paid $202 million related to new acquisitions. In 2021, we used approximately $767 million of cash (net of cash acquired, including restricted cash) for an acquisition within the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business, which is included in discontinued operations. In 2021, we received approximately $367 million of cash for the net proceeds from the sale of our equity ownership interest in Cardinal Holdings. We expect to continue to invest in acquisitions as part of our strategy to add solutions to help win new clients and cross-sell to existing clients.
Cash flows from investing also occasionally include cash received or paid relative to other activities that are not regularly recurring in nature. In 2023, we paid approximately $20 million, and in 2022, we received approximately $726 million, of net cash related to the settlement of cross-currency interest rate swaps.
Cash Flows from Financing
Cash flows from financing principally involve borrowing funds, repaying debt and the payment of dividends. For information regarding the Company's debt and financing activity, see "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Indebtedness" in Item 1A and "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Interest Rate Risk" in Item 7A of this Annual Report and Notes 13 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements.
In 2023, we paid $173 million related to the 2020 Virtus acquisition to redeem a put option exercised by the founders as described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements. Cash flows from financing activities for 2023, 2022 and 2021 also included payments on contingent value rights and a tax receivable agreement, which are included in discontinued operations.
Contractual Obligations
FIS' long-term contractual obligations generally include its long-term debt, interest on long-term debt including the impact of accounting hedges, net coupon payments on undesignated interest rate swaps, lease payments on certain of its property and equipment and payments for certain purchase commitments and other obligations. See Notes 13, 14 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements for information on our long-term debt, financial instruments and operating leases, respectively. The following table summarizes FIS' other significant contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2023 (in millions):
Payments Due in
Less than 1-3 3-5 More than
Total 1 Year Years Years 5 Years
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(1)The amounts above include the impact of accounting hedges and assume that (a) applicable margins and commitment fees remain constant; (b) variable-rates in effect as of December 31, 2023, remain constant; (c) no refinancing occurs at debt maturity; (d) only mandatory debt repayments are made; (e) no new hedging transactions are effected; and (f) there are no future currency effects.
(2)Includes obligations principally for software, maintenance, and consulting and outsourced services, including cloud hosting and data centers.
(3)The amounts above reflect the net coupon payments on the fixed-to-variable and offsetting variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps, as described in Note 14, that result in a net fixed coupon spread payable by the Company; the amounts also assume that there are no future currency effects.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
No new accounting pronouncement adopted or effective during the fiscal year had or is expected to have material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted
See Note 2 (u) to the consolidated financial statements for information on recent accounting guidance not yet adopted.
No other newly issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective during the fiscal year are expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks primarily from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We periodically use certain derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts, to manage interest rate and foreign currency risk. We do not use derivatives for trading purposes, to generate income or to engage in speculative activity.
Interest Rate Risk
In addition to existing cash balances and cash provided by operating activities, we use fixed-rate and variable-rate debt to finance our operations. We are exposed to interest rate risk on these debt obligations.
Our fixed-rate senior notes (as included in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements) represent the majority of our fixed-rate long-term debt obligations as of December 31, 2023. The carrying value, excluding the fair value basis adjustments due to interest rate swaps described below and unamortized discounts, of our senior notes was $14.8 billion as of December 31, 2023. The fair value of our senior notes was approximately $13.7 billion as of December 31, 2023. The potential reduction in fair value of the senior notes from a hypothetical 10 percent increase in market interest rates would not be material to the overall fair value of the debt.
Our variable-rate risk principally relates to borrowings under our U.S. commercial paper program, Euro-commercial paper program, Revolving Credit Facility and Incremental Revolving Credit Facility (as included in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements) (collectively, "variable-rate debt"). As of December 31, 2023, the notional amounts of our fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps no longer contribute to interest rate risk, as described further below. At December 31, 2023, our weighted-average cost of debt was 3.5% with a weighted-average maturity of 5.2 years; 77% of our debt was fixed rate, and the remaining 23% was variable-rate debt, inclusive of fair value basis adjustments due to interest rate swaps. A 100 basis-point increase in the weighted-average interest rate on our variable-rate debt would have increased our 2023 annual interest expense by $49 million. We performed the foregoing sensitivity analysis based solely on the outstanding balance of our variable-rate debt as of December 31, 2023. This sensitivity analysis does not take into account any changes that occurred in the prior 12 months or that may take place in the next 12 months in the amount of our outstanding debt. Further, this sensitivity analysis assumes the change in interest rates is applicable for an entire year. For comparison purposes, based on the outstanding balance of our variable-rate debt as of December 31, 2022, and calculated in the same manner as set forth above, an increase of 100 basis points in the weighted-average interest rate would have increased our annual interest expense by approximately $75 million.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company de-designated its fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps as fair value hedges for accounting purposes and entered into offsetting variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps. The Company accounts for the de-designated fixed-to-variable and offsetting variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps as economic hedges; as such,
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effective as of the de-designation dates, changes in interest rates associated with the variable leg of the interest rate swaps do not affect the interest expense that we recognize, eliminating our variable-rate risk on our fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps. The de-designation of the fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps resulted in final fair value basis adjustments that are amortized into interest expense over the remaining periods to maturity of the respective debt as described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements. The fair value basis adjustments recorded as a decrease of the long-term debt totaled $594 million, net of amortization, as of December 31, 2023, with $41 million amortized as interest expense for the year ending December 31, 2023.
Foreign Currency Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency risks that arise from normal business operations. These risks include the translation of local currency balances of foreign subsidiaries, transaction gains and losses associated with intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries and transactions denominated in currencies other than a location's functional currency. We manage the exposure to these risks through a combination of normal operating activities and the use of foreign currency forward contracts and non-derivative and derivative investment hedges.
Our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks generally arises from our non-U.S. operations, to the extent they are conducted in local currency. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates affect translations of revenue denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we generated approximately $1,261 million, $1,288 million and $1,330 million, respectively, in revenue denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The major currencies to which our revenue is exposed are the British Pound Sterling, Euro, Brazilian Real, Swedish Krona, Australian Dollar and Indian Rupee. A 10% movement in average exchange rates for these currencies (assuming a simultaneous and immediate 10% change in all of such rates for the relevant period) would have resulted in the following increase or decrease in our reported revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):
Australian Dollar 7 7 6
While our results of operations have been impacted by the effects of currency fluctuations, our international operations' revenue and expenses are generally denominated in local currency, which reduces our economic exposure to foreign exchange risk in those jurisdictions.
Our foreign exchange risk management policy permits the use of derivative instruments, such as forward contracts and options, to reduce volatility in our results of operations and/or cash flows resulting from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. We do not enter into foreign currency derivative instruments for trading purposes or to engage in speculative activity. We do periodically enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge foreign currency exposure to intercompany loans, other balance sheet items or expected foreign currency cash flows resulting from forecasted transactions. The Company also utilizes foreign currency-denominated debt and cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as net investment hedges in order to reduce the volatility of the net investment value of certain of its Euro and Pound Sterling functional subsidiaries and utilizes cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges in order to mitigate the impact of foreign currency risk associated with our foreign currency-denominated debt (see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements).
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Page Number
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 48
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 53
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Fidelity National Information Services, Inc.:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive earnings (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 26, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Jacksonville, Florida
February 26, 2024
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Fidelity National Information Services, Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive earnings (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 26, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Sale of Worldpay Merchant Business
As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed the sale of a 55% equity interest in their Worldpay Merchant Solutions business to private equity funds managed by GTCR, LLC on January 31, 2024.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue
As disclosed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company's revenue consists of the following types of revenue streams: i) transaction processing and services, ii) software maintenance, iii) software license, iv) professional services, and v) other recurring and non-recurring fees.
We identified the sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue as a critical audit matter. Evaluating the sufficiency of audit evidence required subjective auditor judgment because of the number of revenue streams, related revenue recognition
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processes, and the number of information technology (IT) applications utilized in the revenue recognition process to capture and aggregate the data.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. Based on our knowledge of the Company, we applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over revenue. Specifically, we:
•evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls within relevant revenue recognition processes, including general IT controls and IT application controls
• involved IT professionals, who assisted in the identification and testing of certain IT systems and related controls that are used by the Company in its revenue recognition process
•selected certain individual contracts and read the underlying contract and other documents that were part of the contract for each selection and evaluated the consistency of the revenue recognition determinations with the Company's accounting policies and revenue recognition requirements
•assessed the recorded revenue by selecting a sample of transactions and comparing the amounts recognized for consistency with the Company's accounting policies and underlying documentation, including contracts with customers and other relevant and reliable third-party data.
We evaluated the sufficiency of the audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed over revenue.
Sufficiency of audit evidence over the reporting of discontinued operations
As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, on January 31, 2024, the Company completed the previously announced sale of a 55% equity interest in its Worldpay Merchant Solutions business (the Disposal Group). During the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, management determined that the proposed sale met the criteria for the Disposal Group to be classified as held-for-sale and the associated results of operations were presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 205-20, Discontinued Operations (ASC 205-20). The Worldpay Merchant Solutions business includes the former Merchant Solutions segment in addition to an insignificant non-strategic business previously included in the Corporate and Other segment. The Company's presentation of discontinued operations excludes general corporate overhead costs which were historically allocated to the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business. The assets and liabilities of the Disposal Group were $27,220 million and $9,977 million as of December 31, 2023 and $34,754 million, and $8,737 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively. The Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, were $(7,157) million, $(17,328) million, and $97 million, respectively, for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023.
We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over the reporting of discontinued operations as a critical audit matter. Evaluating the sufficiency of audit evidence required subjective auditor judgment due to the manual process and volume of financial information used to determine the assets and liabilities of the Disposal Group, and the related results of operations, cash flows, and disclosures.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over the reporting of discontinued operations. Specifically, we:
•evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls within the Company's discontinued operations process, including controls over the amounts recorded and disclosed
•obtained and read the purchase and sale agreement for the proposed sale and compared the terms of that agreement to the identification of the assets and liabilities included in the Disposal Group
•assessed the Company's identification of assets and liabilities and the related results of operations and cash flows of the Disposal Group by testing the completeness and accuracy of the Company's accounting data and schedules that segregate the Disposal Group from the continuing operations of the Company
•assessed the completeness and accuracy of the presentation and disclosures related to the discontinued operations under ASC 205-20.
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We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed, including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of audit effort.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2004.
Jacksonville, Florida
February 26, 2024
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FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(In millions, except per share amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 440 $ 456
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 603 509
Property and equipment, net 695 709
Deferred contract costs, net 1,076 973
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities $ 1,859 $ 1,583
Current portion of long-term debt 1,348 2,130
Current liabilities held for sale 8,884 7,366
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 12,970 14,206
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale 1,093 1,371
Redeemable noncontrolling interest — 180
Equity:
FIS stockholders’ equity:
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings (22,864) (14,971)
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss) (260) (360)
Noncontrolling interest 6 8
See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss)
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Selling, general and administrative expenses 2,096 2,182 2,115
Other income (expense):
Other income (expense), net (183) 4 (109)
Total other income (expense), net (804) (277) (321)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 157 325 403
Equity method investment earnings (loss) — — 6
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations 506 616 322
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (7,153) (17,324) 102
Net earnings (loss) attributable to FIS $ (6,654) $ (16,720) $ 417
Net earnings (loss) attributable to FIS:
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to FIS:
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to FIS:
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Amounts in table may not sum or calculate due to rounding.
See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings (Loss)
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(In millions)
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments $ 586 $ (2,042) $ (730)
Change in fair value of net investment hedges (677) 1,395 1,195
Excluded components of fair value hedges 74 — —
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), before tax (16) (608) 479
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax 100 (612) 195
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (7) (12) (7)
See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Equity
Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Amount
FIS Stockholders
Accumulated
Number of shares Additional other
shares shares stock capital earnings earnings (loss) stock interest (1) equity
Issuance of restricted stock 4 — — 2 — — — — 2
Exercise of stock options — — — 128 — — — — 128
Purchases of treasury stock — (15) — — — — (1,996) — (1,996)
Stock-based compensation — — — 383 — — — — 383
Other — — — 6 — — — — 6
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax — — — — — 195 — — 195
Issuance of restricted stock 5 — — (7) — — 12 — 5
Exercise of stock options — — — 61 — — — — 61
Purchases of treasury stock — (21) — — — — (1,829) — (1,829)
Stock-based compensation — — — 215 — — — — 215
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax — — — — — (612) — — (612)
Issuance of restricted stock 1 — — — — — — — —
Exercise of stock options — — — 40 — — — — 40
Purchases of treasury stock — (9) — — — — (510) — (510)
Stock-based compensation — — — 153 — — — — 153
Other — — — 7 — — — — 7
Net earnings (loss) — — — — (6,654) — — 7 (6,647)
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax — — — — — 100 — — 100
(1) Excludes redeemable noncontrolling interest that is not considered equity. See Note 4, Virtus Acquisition, for additional information.
See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(In millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Amortization of debt issuance costs 29 31 30
Loss on assets held for sale 1,909 — —
Loss (gain) on sale of businesses, investments and other 97 (53) (227)
Loss on extinguishment of debt — — 528
Prepaid expenses and other assets (198) (319) (526)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities 237 88 391
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment (142) (268) (320)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (202) — (767)
Net proceeds from sale of businesses and investments 45 50 370
Proceeds from sale of Visa preferred stock — 269 —
Other investing activities, net (53) (28) (99)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (1,352) (373) (1,771)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Debt issuance costs (3) (23) (74)
Net proceeds from stock issued under stock-based compensation plans 41 57 121
Payments on contingent value rights — (245) —
Payments on tax receivable agreement (197) (185) (85)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest (173) — —
Other financing activities, net (14) (26) (58)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (3,493) (2,573) (2,538)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash 111 (463) (248)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year 4,813 4,283 4,030
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year $ 4,414 $ 4,813 $ 4,283
Supplemental cash flow information:
See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, all references to "FIS," "we," "our," "us," the "Company" or the "registrant" are to Fidelity National Information Services, Inc., a Georgia corporation, and its subsidiaries.
(1) Organization
FIS is a leading global provider of financial services technology solutions for financial institutions, businesses and developers. We improve the digital transformation of our financial economy, advancing the way the world pays, banks and invests.
On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the previously announced sale ("the Worldpay Sale") of a 55% equity interest in its Worldpay Merchant Solutions business to private equity funds managed by GTCR (such funds, the "Buyer"). As of closing, FIS retained a non-controlling 45% ownership interest in a new standalone joint venture ("the Joint Venture" or "Worldpay"). Following the closing of the Worldpay Sale, FIS' share of the net income of the Joint Venture is going to be reported as equity method investment earnings (loss).
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company analyzed quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the Worldpay Merchant Solutions disposal group in accordance with ASC 205-20 and determined that the accounting criteria to be classified as held for sale were met, when a definitive purchase agreement was signed. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the disposal group are presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. In addition, the disposition represents a strategic shift that will have a major impact on the Company's operations and financial results. As a result, the operating results of the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business have been reflected as discontinued operations for all periods presented and as such, have been excluded from continuing operations and segment results. The Company's cash flows are presented inclusive of discontinued operations on the consolidated statement of cash flows for all periods presented. Total cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for discontinued operations are presented in Note 3.
The Worldpay Merchant Solutions business included the former Merchant Solutions segment in addition to a business previously included in the Corporate and Other segment, which have been recast as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Accordingly, the Company no longer reports the Merchant Solutions segment; it now reports its financial performance based on the following segments: Banking Solutions ("Banking"), Capital Market Solutions ("Capital Markets") and Corporate and Other. As a result of our ongoing portfolio assessments, the Company reclassified certain businesses from Capital Markets to Banking and to Corporate and Other during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, and reclassified certain non-strategic operations from Banking to Corporate and Other during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The Company recast all prior-period segment information presented to reflect these reclassifications. See Note 22 for more information regarding our segments.
Amounts in tables in the financial statements and accompanying footnotes may not sum or calculate due to rounding.
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following describes the significant accounting policies of the Company used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
(a)Principles of Consolidation and Management Estimates
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FIS, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries that are majority-owned. Noncontrolling interests represent the minority shareholders’ share of the net earnings or loss and equity in consolidated subsidiaries. The Company’s noncontrolling interests presented in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) include net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests. Noncontrolling interests are presented as a component of equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Noncontrolling interests that are redeemable upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the Company’s control are presented outside of equity. All intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States ("U.S") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and related rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requires our management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates may change as new events occur and
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FIDELITY NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
additional information is obtained. Future actual results could differ materially from these estimates. To the extent that there are differences between these estimates, judgments and assumptions and actual results, our consolidated financial statements will be affected.
(b)Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers cash on hand, money market funds and other highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. As part of the Company's electronic funds transfer and network business, the Company provides cash settlement services to financial institutions and state and local governments. These services involve the movement of funds among the various parties associated with automated teller machines ("ATM") and point-of-sale or electronic benefit transactions ("EBT"). This activity results in a balance due to the Company at the end of each business day that it recoups over the next few business days. The net in-transit balances due to the Company are included in Cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for these instruments approximate their fair value.
The Company records restricted cash in captions other than Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets. The reconciliation between Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets and Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in millions):
December 31.
Cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets $ 440 $ 456
(1)Merchant float funds are considered restricted cash.
(c)Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy
The authoritative accounting literature defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value.
The fair value hierarchy includes three levels that are based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). If the inputs used to measure the fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below.
Level 1. Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2. Inputs to the valuation methodology include the following:
•Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
•Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;
•Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;
•Inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.
If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3. Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
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Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in Business Combinations
In a business combination transaction, an acquirer recognizes, separately from goodwill, the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and generally measures these items at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill is recorded as the residual amount by which the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired. Fair values are determined using the framework outlined above under Fair Value Hierarchy and the methodologies addressed in the individual subheadings. If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, we report provisional amounts in the financial statements for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Adjustments to provisional amounts initially recorded that are identified during the measurement period are recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. This includes any effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. During the measurement period, we also recognize additional assets or liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in the recognition of those assets and liabilities as of that date. The measurement period ends the sooner of one year from the acquisition date or when we receive the information we were seeking about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date or learn that more information is not obtainable. Contingent consideration liabilities or receivables recorded in connection with business acquisitions are also adjusted for changes in fair value until settled.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for settlement assets and payables as well as short-term borrowings approximate their fair values because of their immediate or short-term maturities. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt is based on quoted prices of our senior notes and trades of our debt in close proximity to year end, which are considered Level 2-type measurements. The Company also holds, or has held, certain derivative instruments, specifically interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps and foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are also valued using Level 2-type measurements. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and significant judgment in the interpretation of current market data. Therefore, the values presented are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company could realize or settle currently.
(d)Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company enters into derivatives to manage foreign currency and interest rate risk; the Company does not use derivatives for trading purposes, to generate income or to engage in speculative activity.
During all periods presented, the Company used cross-currency interest rate swaps to engage in hedging activities relating to changes in foreign currency exchange rates impacting its investment in certain foreign-currency-denominated operations. The Company designated these cross-currency interest rate swaps as net investment hedges. The Company also utilized foreign-currency-denominated debt as non-derivative net investment hedges. During 2023, the Company also utilized cross-currency interest rate swaps to engage in hedging activities relating to its exposure to foreign currency risk associated with its foreign currency-denominated debt. The Company designated these cross-currency interest rate swaps as fair value hedges.
During all periods presented, the Company used fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps to engage in hedging activities relating to changes in interest rates impacting the fair value of its fixed-rate long-term debt. The Company designated these interest rate swaps as fair value hedges. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company de-designated these interest rate swaps as fair value hedges and entered into offsetting variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps. The de-designated and new interest rate swaps are accounted for as economic hedges.
During 2023, the Company used foreign currency forward contracts as economic hedges to reduce the foreign currency risk associated with foreign currency-denominated debt expected to be paid off with U.S. dollar proceeds received from the Worldpay Sale during the first quarter of 2024 (see Note 1). During 2022, the Company used foreign currency forward contracts as economic hedges to reduce the foreign currency risk associated with payments due at maturity of the Company's foreign currency-denominated debt and cross-currency interest rate swaps.
The Company records all derivatives, whether designated in accounting hedging relationships or not, on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The Company's derivative contracts are generally subject to master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions; however, the Company has elected to record derivative assets and liabilities on a
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gross basis in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in Prepaid expenses and other current assets; Other noncurrent assets; Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities; or Other noncurrent liabilities, as appropriate. See Notes 14 and 20 for additional details, including accounting policies.
(e)Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company monitors trade receivable balances and contract assets as well as other receivables and estimates the allowance for lifetime expected credit losses. Estimates of expected credit losses are based on historical collection experience and other factors, including those related to current market conditions and events, changes in client creditworthiness, client payment terms and collection trends. The allowance for credit losses is separate from the chargeback liability described in Note 3.
(f)Settlement Assets and Payables
The principal components of the Company's settlement assets and payables on the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in millions):
December 31,
Settlement assets
Settlement deposits $ 463 $ 439
Total Settlement assets $ 617 $ 592
Settlement payables $ 635 $ 613
The payment solutions that give rise to the settlement balances described below are separate and distinct from those settlement activities referred to under (b) Cash and Cash Equivalents, where the solutions we provide primarily facilitate the movement of funds.
We manage certain payment solutions and programs and wealth management processes for our clients that require us to hold and manage client cash balances used to fund their daily settlement activity. Settlement deposits represent funds we hold that were drawn from our clients to facilitate settlement activities. Settlement receivables represent amounts funded by us. Settlement payables consist of settlement deposits from clients, settlement payables to third parties or clients, and outstanding checks related to our settlement activities for which the right of offset does not exist or we do not intend to exercise our right of offset. Our accounting policy for such outstanding checks is to include them in Settlement payables on the consolidated balance sheets and operating cash flows on the consolidated statements of cash flows.
(g)Contract Related Balances
The payment terms and conditions in our customer contracts may vary. In some cases, customers pay in advance of our delivery of solutions or services; in other cases, payment is due as services are performed or in arrears following the delivery of the solutions or services. Differences in timing between revenue recognition and invoicing result in accrued trade receivables, contract assets, or deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheets. Trade receivables are accrued when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing but the right to payment is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required). This occurs most commonly when software term licenses recognized at a point in time are paid for periodically over the license term. Contract assets result when amounts allocated to distinct performance obligations are recognized when or as control of a solution or service is transferred to the customer but invoicing is contingent on performance of other performance obligations or on completion of contractual milestones. Contract assets are transferred to trade receivables when the rights become unconditional, typically upon invoicing of the related performance obligations in the contract or upon achieving the requisite project milestone. Deferred revenue results from customer payments in advance of our satisfaction of the associated performance obligation(s) and relates primarily to prepaid maintenance or other recurring services. Deferred revenue is relieved as revenue is recognized. Contract assets and deferred revenue are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, contract assets of $227 million and $207 million, respectively, are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and $240 million and $122 million, respectively are included in Other noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Noncurrent deferred revenue is included in Other noncurrent liabilities as detailed in
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Note 12. Changes in the contract assets and deferred revenue balances for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were not materially impacted by any factors other than those described above. In some cases, signing bonuses are paid, or credits are offered, to customers in connection with the origination or renewal of customer contracts. These incentives are recorded as Other noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction of revenue over the lesser of the useful life of the solution or the expected customer relationship period for new contracts or over the contract period for renewal contracts.
(h)Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is assessed for impairment by reporting unit. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or more frequently if circumstances indicate potential impairment. An impairment charge is recognized when and to the extent a reporting unit's carrying amount is determined to exceed its estimated fair value. Our reporting units are the same as our primary operating segments, with additional reporting units for certain non-strategic businesses within the Corporate and Other segment.
The Company has the option to first assess qualitatively whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value. The option of whether to perform the qualitative assessment is made annually and may vary by reporting unit. Events and circumstances that are considered in performing the qualitative assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, events affecting the reporting unit or Company as a whole, including a sustained decrease in stock price. When performing the qualitative assessment, we examine those factors most likely to affect each reporting unit's fair value. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) as a result of the qualitative assessment, or we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit, then we perform a quantitative assessment for that reporting unit.
In applying the quantitative assessment, we typically engage third-party valuation specialists to assist us in determining the fair value of a reporting unit based on a weighted average of valuation techniques, a combination of an income approach and a market approach, which are Level 3-type measurements. The income approach calculates a value based upon the present value of estimated future cash flows, while the market approach uses earnings multiples of similarly situated guideline public companies. If the fair value of the reporting unit determined using the quantitative analysis exceeds the carrying amount of the reporting unit's net assets, goodwill is not impaired.
Both qualitative and quantitative assessments require a significant amount of management judgment involving the use of forecasts, estimates, and assumptions.
(i)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets with Finite Useful Lives
Long-lived assets and intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset, which are Level 3-type measurements. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. There were no significant impairments of long-lived assets or intangible assets with finite useful lives during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized impairment losses totaling $71 million on certain long-lived assets, primarily related to reducing office space, including $43 million for operating lease right-of-use assets.
(j)Intangible Assets
The Company has intangible assets that consist primarily of customer relationships and trademarks (i.e., a collective term for trademarks, trade names, and related intellectual property rights) that are recorded in connection with acquisitions at their fair value based on the results of valuation analyses. Customer relationships and trademarks acquired in business combinations are generally valued using the multi-period excess earnings method and relief-from-royalty method, respectively, which are Level 3-type measurements. Customer relationships are amortized over their estimated useful lives using an accelerated method that takes into consideration expected customer attrition rates up to a 10-year period. Trademarks with finite lives are amortized
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over periods ranging up to five years. Intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment following the same approach as long-lived assets.
(k)Software
Software includes software acquired in business combinations, purchased software and capitalized software development costs. Software acquired in business combinations is generally valued using the relief-from-royalty method, a Level 3-type measurement. Purchased software is recorded at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life, and software acquired in business combinations is recorded at its fair value and amortized using straight-line or accelerated methods over its estimated useful life, typically ranging from one to 10 years.
The capitalization of software development costs is based on whether the software is to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, or if the software is for internal use. After the technological feasibility of the software has been established (for software to be marketed) or at the beginning of application development (for internal-use software), software development costs, which primarily include salaries and related payroll costs and costs of independent contractors incurred during development, are capitalized. Research and development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility (for software to be marketed) or prior to application development (for internal-use software) are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are amortized on a solution-by-solution basis commencing on the date of general release (for software to be marketed) or the date placed in service (for internal-use software). Software development costs for software to be marketed are amortized using the greater of (1) the straight-line method over its estimated useful life, which typically ranges from three to 10 years, or (2) the ratio of current revenue to total anticipated revenue over its useful life.
The Company reviews software assets for impairment at each reporting date. For software to be marketed, an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the net realizable value. Internal-use software is reviewed for impairment following the same approach as long-lived assets. Determining net realizable values and future cash flows involves judgments and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding future economic and market conditions. Adverse changes in these conditions could result in an impairment charge which could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
See Note 9 for software asset impairment losses and incremental software amortization expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
(l)Deferred Contract Costs
The Company incurs costs as a result of both the origination and fulfillment of our contracts with customers. Origination costs relate primarily to the payment of sales commissions that are directly related to sales transactions. Fulfillment costs include the cost of implementation services related to software as a service ("SaaS") and other cloud-based arrangements when the implementation service is not distinct from the ongoing service. When origination costs and fulfillment costs that will be used to satisfy future performance obligations are directly related to the execution of our contracts with customers, and the costs are recoverable under the contract, the costs are capitalized as a deferred contract cost. Impairment losses are recognized if the carrying amounts of the deferred contract costs are not recoverable.
Origination costs for contracts that contain a distinct software license recognized at a point in time are allocated between the license and all other performance obligations of the contract and amortized according to the pattern of performance for the respective obligations. Otherwise, origination costs are capitalized as a single asset for each contract or portfolio of similar contracts and amortized using an appropriate single measure of performance considering all of the performance obligations in the contracts. The Company amortizes origination costs over the expected benefit period to which the deferred contract cost relates. Origination costs related to initial contracts with a customer are amortized over the lesser of the useful life of the solution or the expected customer relationship period. Commissions paid on renewals are amortized over the renewal period. Capitalized fulfillment costs are amortized over the lesser of the useful life of the solution or the expected customer relationship period.
See Note 10 for deferred contract cost asset impairment losses during 2021 and incremental amortization expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. There were no significant deferred contract cost asset impairment losses recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
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(m)Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed primarily using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets typically as follows: 30 years for buildings and three to seven years for furniture, fixtures and computer equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the initial term of the applicable lease or the estimated useful lives of such assets.
(n)Income Taxes
The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities and expected benefits of using net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The impact on deferred income taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, is reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period enacted. A valuation allowance is established for any portion of a deferred income tax asset for which management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize the benefits of all or a portion of that deferred income tax asset. Certain of the Company's earnings are indefinitely reinvested offshore and could be subject to additional income tax if repatriated. It is not practicable to determine the unrecognized deferred tax liability on a hypothetical distribution of those earnings.
(o)Operating Leases
The Company leases certain of its property, primarily real estate, under operating leases. Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets are included in Other noncurrent assets, and operating lease liabilities are included in Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease ROU assets also include any prepaid lease payments and exclude lease incentives received. The Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease term for accounting purposes may include options to extend (generally ranging from one to five years) or to terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. For certain equipment leases, the Company applies a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities. Lease agreements may include lease and related non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component. Fixed costs included in the measurement of ROU assets are recognized as operating lease cost generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain leases require the Company to pay taxes, insurance, maintenance and other operating expenses associated with the leased asset. Such amounts are not included in the measurement of the ROU assets and lease liabilities to the extent they are variable in nature; instead, they are recognized as variable lease cost when incurred.
(p)Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue in a number of ways, including from the delivery of account- or transaction-based processing, SaaS, business process as a service ("BPaaS"), cloud offerings, software licensing, software-related services and professional services.
The Company enters into arrangements with customers to provide services, software and software-related services such as maintenance and implementation either individually or as part of an integrated offering. The Company assesses the solutions and services promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a solution or service (or bundle of solutions or services) that is distinct - i.e., if a solution or service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. To identify its performance obligations, the Company considers all of the solutions or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. The Company recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a solution or service to a customer.
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Revenue is measured based on the consideration that the Company expects to receive in a contract with a customer. The Company's contracts with its customers frequently contain variable consideration. Variable consideration exists when the amount which the Company expects to receive in a contract is based on the occurrence or non-occurrence of future events, such as processing services performed under usage-based pricing arrangements or professional services billed on a time-and-materials basis. Variable consideration is also present in certain transactions in the form of discounts, credits, price concessions, penalties, and similar items. If the amount of a discount or rebate in a contract is fixed and not contingent, that discount or rebate is not variable consideration. The Company estimates variable consideration in its contracts primarily using the expected value method. In some contracts, the Company applies the most likely amount method by considering the single most likely amount in a limited range of possible consideration amounts. The Company develops estimates of variable consideration on the basis of both historical information and current trends. Variable consideration included in the transaction price is constrained such that a significant revenue reversal is not probable.
Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue. Postage costs associated with print and mail services are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of revenue.
Technology or service components from third parties are frequently embedded in or combined with our applications or service offerings. We are often responsible for billing the client in these arrangements and transmitting the applicable fees to the third party. The Company determines whether it is responsible for providing the third-party solution or service as a principal or for arranging for the solution or service to be provided by the third party as an agent. Judgment is applied to determine whether we are the principal or the agent by evaluating whether the Company has control of the solution or service prior to it being transferred to the customer. The principal versus agent assessment is performed at the performance obligation level. Indicators that the Company considers in determining if it has control include whether the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified solution or service to the customer, the Company has inventory risk and the Company has discretion in establishing the price the customer ultimately pays for the solution or service. Depending upon the level of our contractual responsibilities and obligations for delivering solutions to end customers, we have arrangements where we are the principal and recognize the gross amount billed to the customer and other arrangements where we are the agent and recognize the net amount retained.
The total transaction price of a contract is allocated to each performance obligation in a manner depicting the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the solution(s) or service(s) to the customer (the "allocation objective"). If the allocation objective is met at contractual prices, no allocation adjustments from contract prices are made. Otherwise, the Company reallocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract on a relative standalone selling price basis, except when the criteria are met for allocating variable consideration to one or more, but not all, performance obligations in the contract. The Company allocates variable consideration to one or more, but not all, performance obligations when the terms of the variable payment relate specifically to the Company's efforts to satisfy the performance obligation (or transfer the distinct solution or service) and when such allocation is consistent with the allocation objective when considering all performance obligations in the contract. Determining whether the criteria for allocating variable consideration to one or more, but not all, performance obligations in the contract requires judgment and may affect the timing and amount of revenue recognized.
To determine the standalone selling price of its promised solutions or services, the Company conducts a regular analysis to determine whether various solutions or services have an observable standalone selling price. If the Company does not have an observable standalone selling price for a particular solution or service, then the standalone selling price for that particular solution or service is estimated using all information that is reasonably available and maximizing observable inputs using approaches including historical pricing, cost plus a margin, adjusted market assessment, and a residual approach.
The following describes the nature of the Company's primary types of revenue and the revenue recognition policies and significant payment terms as they pertain to the types of transactions the Company enters into with its customers.
Transaction Processing and Services Revenue
Transaction processing and services revenue is primarily comprised of payment processing, data processing, application management, and outsourced services, including our SaaS, BPaaS and cloud offerings. Revenue from transaction processing and services is recurring and is typically volume or activity based depending on factors such as the number of payments, transactions, accounts or trades processed, number of users, number of hours of services or amount of computer resources used. Fees may include tiered pricing structures with the base tier representing a minimum monthly usage fee. Pricing within the tiers typically resets on a monthly basis, and minimum monthly volumes are generally met or exceeded. Contract lengths for
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processing services typically span one or more years; however, when distinct hosting services are offered, they are often cancelable without a significant penalty with 30-days' notice. Payment is generally due in advance or in arrears on a monthly or quarterly basis and may include fixed or variable payment amounts depending on the specific payment terms and activity in the period.
For processing services revenue, the nature of the Company's promise to the customer is to stand ready to provide continuous access to the Company's processing platforms and perform an unspecified quantity of outsourced and transaction processing services for a specified term or terms. Accordingly, processing services are generally viewed as a stand-ready performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct daily services. The Company typically satisfies its processing services performance obligations over time as the services are provided. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because the Company's efforts are expended evenly throughout the period given the nature of the promise is a stand-ready service. The Company has evaluated its variable payment terms related to its processing services revenue accounted for as a series of distinct days of service and concluded that they generally meet the criteria for allocating variable consideration entirely to one or more, but not all, performance obligations in a contract. Accordingly, when the criteria are met, variable amounts based on the number and type of services performed during a period are allocated to, and recognized on, the day in which the Company performs the related services. Fixed fees for processing services are generally recognized ratably over the contract period.
Processing revenue also includes network, interchange, and other pass-through fees. Pass-through fees generally represent variable consideration and are allocated to, and recognized on, the day on which the related services are performed. Pass-through fees are billed monthly. Network and interchange fees are presented on a net basis; other pass through fees may be recorded on either a gross or a net basis depending on whether the Company is acting as a principal or an agent.
Software Maintenance Revenue
Software maintenance is comprised of technical support services and unspecified software updates and upgrades provided on a when-and-if-available basis. Software maintenance revenue is generally based on fixed fees. Payment terms are typically annually, quarterly, or monthly in advance. Contract terms vary and can span multiple years. The Company generally satisfies its maintenance-related performance obligations evenly using a time-elapsed output method over the contract term given there is no discernible pattern of performance.
Other Recurring Revenue
Other recurring revenue is comprised primarily of services provided by dedicated personnel resources who work full time at client sites and under the client's direction. Revenue from dedicated resource agreements is generally based on fixed monthly fees per resource. Payment terms are typically annually, quarterly, or monthly in advance. Contract terms vary and can span multiple years. The Company generally satisfies its dedicated resource obligations evenly using a time-elapsed output method over the contract term given there is no discernible pattern of performance.
Software License Revenue
The Company's software licenses generally have significant stand-alone functionality to the customer upon delivery and are considered to be functional intellectual property. Additionally, the nature of the Company's promise in granting these software licenses to a customer is typically to provide the customer a right to use the Company's intellectual property. The Company's software licenses are generally considered distinct performance obligations. Revenue allocated to software licenses is typically recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the license and is non-recurring. Contracts that contain software licenses often have non-standard terms that require significant judgments that may affect the amount and timing of revenue recognized.
When a software license requires frequent updates that are integral to maintaining the utility of the license to the customer, the Company combines the software license and the maintenance into a single performance obligation, and revenue for the combined performance obligation is recognized in Other recurring revenue as the maintenance is provided, consistent with the treatment described for maintenance above. When a software license contract also includes professional services that provide significant modification or customization of the software license, the Company combines the software license and professional services into a single performance obligation, and revenue for the combined performance obligation is recognized as the professional services are provided, consistent with the methods described below for professional services revenue.
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The Company has contracts where the licensed software is offered in conjunction with hosting services. The licensed software may be considered a separate performance obligation from the hosting services if the customer can take possession of the software during the contractual term without incurring a significant penalty and if it is feasible for the customer to run the software on its own infrastructure or hire a third party to host the software. If the licensed software and hosting services are separately identifiable, license revenue is recognized when the hosting services commence and it is within the customer's control to obtain a copy of the software. If the software license is not separately identifiable from the hosting service, then the related revenue for the combined performance obligation is recognized ratably over the hosting period and classified as processing revenue.
Occasionally, the Company offers extended payment terms on its license transactions and evaluates whether any potential significant financing components exist. For certain of its business units, the Company will provide a software license through a rental model wherein the customer generally pays for the software license and maintenance in monthly or quarterly installments as opposed to an upfront software license fee. Revenue recognition under these arrangements follows the same recognition pattern as the arrangements outlined above. Judgment is required to determine whether these arrangements contain a significant financing component. The Company evaluates whether there is a significant difference between the amount of promised consideration over the rental term and the cash selling price of the software license, the degree to which financing is the reason for any such difference, and the overall impact of the time value of money on the transaction. If we conclude a significant financing component exists, then the transaction price is adjusted for the time value of money at the Company's incremental borrowing rate by recording a contract asset and interest income. The Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the difference between the promised consideration and the cash selling price arises for reasons other than the provision of finance or it is expected, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company transfers a promised solution or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that solution or service will be one year or less.
Professional Services Revenue
Professional services revenue is comprised of implementation, conversion, and programming services associated with the Company's data processing and application management agreements and implementation or installation services related to licensed software. Although this revenue is non-recurring in nature, it is generally recognized over time, with service durations spanning from several weeks to several years, depending on the scope and complexity of the work. Payment terms for professional services may be based on an upfront fixed fee, fixed upon the achievement of milestones, or on a time-and-materials basis.
In assessing whether implementation services provided on data processing, application management or software agreements are a distinct performance obligation, the Company considers whether the services are both capable of being distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the services alone or in combination with other resources that are readily available to the customer) and distinct within the context of the contract (i.e., the services are separately identifiable from the other performance obligations in the contract). Implementation services and other professional services are typically considered distinct performance obligations. However, when these services involve significant customization or modification of an underlying solution or offering, or if the services are complex and not available from a third-party provider and must be completed prior to a customer having the ability to benefit from a solution or offering, then such services and the underlying solution or offering will be accounted for as a combined performance obligation.
The Company's professional services that are accounted for as distinct performance obligations and that are billed on a fixed fee basis are typically satisfied as services are rendered; thus, the Company uses a cost-based input method, such as cost-to-cost or efforts expended (labor hours), to provide a faithful depiction of the transfer of those services. For professional services that are distinct and billed on a time-and-materials basis, revenue is generally recognized using an output method that corresponds with the time and materials billed and delivered, which is reflective of the transfer of the services to the customer. Professional services that are not distinct from an associated solution or offering are recognized over the common measure of progress for the overall performance obligation (typically a time-elapsed output measure that corresponds to the period over which the solution or offering is made available to the customer).
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Other Non-recurring Revenue
Other non-recurring revenue is comprised primarily of hardware, one-time card production, and early termination fees. The Company typically does not stock in inventory the hardware solutions sold but arranges for delivery of hardware from third-party suppliers. The Company determines whether hardware delivered from third-party suppliers should be recognized on a gross or net basis by evaluating whether the Company has control of the solution or service prior to it being transferred to the customer. Equipment and one-time card production revenue is generally recognized at a point in time upon delivery. Early contract terminations are treated as contract modifications. Early termination fees are added to a contract's transaction price once it becomes likely that liquidated damages will be charged to a customer, typically upon notification of early termination. Early termination fees are recognized over the remaining period of the related performance obligation(s).
Material Rights
Some of the Company's contracts with customers include options for the customer to acquire additional, or renew existing, solutions or services in the future. Options may represent a material right to acquire solutions or services if the discount is incremental to the range of discounts typically given for those solutions or services to that class of customer in that geographical area or market and if the customer would not have obtained the option without entering into the contract. If deemed to be a material right, the Company will account for the material right as a separate performance obligation and determine the standalone selling price based on directly observable prices when available. If the standalone selling price is not directly observable, then the Company estimates the standalone selling price to be equal to the discount that the customer would obtain by exercising the option, as adjusted for any discount that the customer would receive without exercising the option and for the likelihood that the option will be exercised.
(q)Cost of Revenue and Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Cost of revenue consists of costs directly associated with providing solutions or services to clients and includes payroll, employee benefits and other costs associated with personnel employed in customer service and service delivery roles as well as third-party costs involved in fulfillment of performance obligations for which the Company is acting as a principal. Cost of revenue also includes data processing costs, amortization of software, customer relationship and trademark intangible assets, and depreciation on operating assets.
Selling, general and administrative expenses include payroll, employee benefits and other costs associated with personnel employed in sales, marketing, human resources, finance, risk management and other administrative roles, as well as acquisition, integration and certain other costs that are not considered when management evaluates revenue-generating segment performance. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include depreciation on non-operating corporate assets as well as advertising and other marketing-related program costs.
(r)Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation plans using the fair value method. Thus, compensation cost is measured based on the fair value of the award at the grant date and is recognized over the service period. For our service-based stock awards, we recognize the compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the award's service period, which is generally three years. For our performance-based stock awards with market conditions which typically cliff vest on the third anniversary date of the grant, we recognize the compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the service period when it is probable the outcome of that performance condition will be achieved. The Company adjusts the compensation expense over the service period based upon the expected achievement level of the applicable performance condition. Certain of our stock awards contain only market conditions. In those circumstances, compensation cost is recognized over the service period and is not reversed even if the award does not become exercisable in the event the market condition is not achieved. The Company estimates future forfeitures at the time of grant and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ significantly from those estimates.
(s)Foreign Currency Translation
Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of each of our operating subsidiaries is generally the currency of the economic environment in which the subsidiary primarily does business. Our foreign subsidiaries with non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation purposes using the foreign exchange rates applicable to the dates of the financial statements. Generally, these consist of the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet
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date for balance sheet accounts and the average exchange rates in effect during the relevant period for revenue and expense accounts. The adjustments resulting from the translation are included in Accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss) in the consolidated statements of equity and consolidated statements of comprehensive earnings and are excluded from net earnings.
Gains or losses resulting from measuring foreign currency transactions into the respective functional currency are included in Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of earnings.
(t)Net Earnings (Loss) per Share
The basic weighted average shares and common stock equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, are computed using the treasury stock method.
Net earnings (loss) and earnings (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, are as follows (in millions, except per share data):
Year ended December 31,
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic 591 604 616
Plus: Common stock equivalent shares — — 5
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted 591 604 621
The diluted net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, did not include the effect of common stock equivalent shares of 2 million and 3 million, respectively.
Options to purchase approximately 8 million, 5 million and 2 million shares of our common stock for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because they were anti-dilutive.
(u)Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires that an entity disclose specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Further, the ASU requires certain disclosures of state versus federal income tax expense and taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis although retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our financial disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB used ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The ASU requires that an entity disclose significant segment expenses impacting profit and loss that are regularly
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provided to the chief operating decision maker. The update is required to be applied retrospectively to prior periods presented, based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of our financial disclosures
(v)Certain Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made in the 2022 and 2021 consolidated financial statements to conform to the classifications used in 2023. As a result of our ongoing portfolio assessments, the Company reclassified certain businesses from Capital Markets to Banking and to Corporate and Other during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, and reclassified certain non-strategic operations from Banking to Corporate and Other during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The Company recast all prior-period segment information presented to reflect these reclassifications. See Note 22 for more information regarding our segments. December 31, 2023, was the final deadline for states to complete all benefit issuance under federally funded pandemic relief programs. Accordingly, revenue associated with services the Company provided related to these programs has been classified within the Banking segment as Other non-recurring commencing during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, and related prior-period amounts have been reclassified from Transaction processing and services to Other non-recurring for comparability. See Note 5 for further information.
During January 2024, the Company agreed to include in the Worldpay Sale an equity security investment with a book value of $30 million. As of September 30, 2023, the value of this investment had been properly recorded as Other noncurrent assets within continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. As a result of the subsequent decision to convey this asset in the Worldpay Sale, the amount of this asset has been reclassified and is now presented within these financial statements as Noncurrent assets held for sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and is reported within Other noncurrent assets within discontinued operations (see Note 3).
3.Discontinued Operations
Sale of Worldpay Merchant Solutions Business
The following table represents a reconciliation of the major components of discontinued operations, net of tax, presented in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) (in millions). The Company's presentation of discontinued operations excludes general corporate overhead costs which were historically allocated to the Worldpay Merchant Solutions business.
Major components of discontinued operations before income taxes:
Selling, general, and administrative expenses (1,992) (1,936) (1,876)
Interest income (expense), net 27 6 (2)
Loss on assets held for sale (1,909) — —
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations (7,458) (17,276) 65
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (301) 52 (32)
The following table represents the major classes of assets and liabilities of the disposal group classified as held for sale presented in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 (in millions). Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell and are not depreciated or amortized.
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Major classes of assets included in discontinued operations:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,380 $ 1,732
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 161 130
Property and equipment, net 207 153
Less valuation allowance (1,909) —
Total assets of the disposal group classified as held for sale $ 27,220 $ 34,754
Major classes of liabilities included in discontinued operations:
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities $ 998 $ 1,171
Other current liabilities 65 55
Other noncurrent liabilities 494 510
(1)During January 2024, the Company agreed to include in the Worldpay Sale an equity security investment with a book value of $30 million. As of September 30, 2023, the value of this investment had been properly recorded as Other noncurrent assets within continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. As a result of the subsequent decision to convey this asset in the Worldpay Sale, the amount of this asset has been reclassified and is now presented within these financial statements as Noncurrent assets held for sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and is shown in the table above within Other noncurrent assets within discontinued operations.