CBNK US Equity☆

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Ownership of our common stock involves certain risks. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially, adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Business

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken to limit its spread could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted economic and commercial activity and financial markets, both globally and within the United States. Measures to contain the virus, such as stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, closure of non-essential businesses, occupancy limitations and social distancing requirements, resulted in significant business and operational disruptions, including business closures, and mass layoffs and furloughs. Though most restrictions have generally been lifted or eased and consumer and business spending and unemployment levels have improved significantly, the economic recovery has been uneven, with industries such as travel, entertainment, hospitality and food service lagging, and, as of December 31, 2021, many companies have not returned workers to their offices. Supply chain disruptions precipitated by the abrupt economic slowdown have contributed to increased costs, lost revenue, and inflationary pressures for many segments of the economy. Further, a significant number of workers left their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to wage inflation in many industries as businesses attempt to fill vacant positions.

The United States government has taken significant steps to attempt to mitigate the economic effects of the pandemic. Congress appropriated approximately $4.7 trillion of fiscal stimulus in response to the COVID-19 pandemic pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, the American Rescue Plan Act and other supplemental legislation. In March 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve reduced the target range for the federal funds rate to between 0.0% and 0.25%, compared to the previous target of between 1.00% and 1.25%. The Federal Reserve also took several actions to support financial markets, enable banks to continue to lend through the pandemic, and support businesses of all sizes. Whether the economic stimulus will have a lasting positive effect or whether it will contribute to higher inflation or other economic ill effects is unknown.

Several vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed and widely distributed in the United States. However, it is unknown how effective they will be long-term or whether variants of the virus will develop against which the vaccines are less effective.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately affect our business is unknown and will depend, among other things, on the duration of the pandemic, the actions undertaken by national, state and local governments and health officials to contain the virus or mitigate its effects, the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines that have been developed and the extent to which they are accepted by the public, the development of effective therapies, the permanence of operating conditions that developed during the pandemic, and how quickly and to what extent economic conditions improve and normal business and operating conditions resume. The longer the pandemic persists, the more pronounced the ultimate effects are likely to be.

The continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the efforts to contain the virus, including effects of economic stimulus, and the exhaustion or expiration of stimulus benefits, could:

•reduce the demand for loans and other financial services;

•result in increases in loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures;

•cause the value of collateral for loans, especially real estate, to decline in value;

•reduce our ability to assess the financial health of our customers’

•reduce the availability and productivity of our employees;

•cause our vendors and counterparties to be unable to meet existing obligations to us;

•negatively impact the business and operations of third-party service providers that perform critical services for our business;

•cause the value of our securities portfolio to decline; and

•cause the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors to decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us.

Any one or a combination of the above events could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

As a business operating in the financial services industry, our business and operations may be adversely affected in numerous and complex ways by weak economic conditions.

Our performance could be negatively impacted to the extent there is deterioration in business and economic conditions, including persistent inflation, supply chain issues or labor shortages, which have direct or indirect impacts on us, our customers and/or our counterparties. All of these factors can individually or in the aggregate be detrimental to our business, and the interplay between these factors can be complex and unpredictable. Adverse economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our commercial business and operations are concentrated in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas and we are more sensitive than our more geographically diversified competitors to adverse changes in the local economy.

As of December 31, 2021, approximately 91.0% of our loans held for investment (measured by dollar amount) were made to borrowers who live or conduct business in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Therefore, our success depends upon the general economic conditions in this area, which we cannot predict with certainty. A downturn in the local economy generally could make it more difficult for our borrowers to repay their loans and may lead to loan losses that are not offset by operations in other markets; it may also reduce the ability of our depositors to make or maintain deposits with us. For these reasons, any regional or local economic downturn that affects the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas, or existing or prospective borrowers or depositors in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our customers and businesses in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area may be adversely impacted as a result of changes in government spending.

The Washington, D.C. metropolitan area is characterized by a significant number of businesses that are federal government contractors or subcontractors, or which depend on such businesses for a significant portion of their revenues. The impact of a decline in federal government spending, a

reallocation of government spending to different industries or different areas of the country or a delay in payments to such contractors could have a ripple effect. Temporary layoffs, staffing freezes, salary reductions or furloughs of government employees or government contractors could have adverse impacts on other businesses in the Company’s market and the general economy of the greater Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, and may indirectly lead to a loss of revenues by the Company’s customers, including vendors and lessors to the federal government and government contractors or to their employees, as well as a wide variety of commercial and retail businesses and the local housing market. Accordingly, such potential federal government activities could lead to increases in past due loans, nonperforming loans, loan loss reserves and charge-offs, and to a corresponding decline in liquidity.

We may not be able to measure and limit our credit risk adequately, which could lead to unexpected losses.

The primary component of our business involves making loans to customers. The business of lending is inherently risky, including risks that the principal of or interest on any loan will not be repaid in a timely manner or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting the loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. A failure to measure and limit the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio effectively could lead to unexpected losses and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb potential losses in our loan portfolio.

We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s judgment of probable losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of general economic conditions, diversification and seasoning of the loan portfolio, historic loss experience, identified credit problems, delinquency levels and adequacy of collateral. The determination of the appropriate level of our allowance for loan losses is inherently highly subjective and requires management to make significant estimates of and assumptions regarding current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. If we are required to materially increase our level of allowance for loan losses for any reason, such increase could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The small- to medium-sized businesses that we lend to may have fewer resources to weather adverse business developments, which may impair our borrowers’ ability to repay loans.

Small- to medium-sized businesses frequently have smaller market shares than their competition, may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, often need substantial additional capital to expand or compete and may experience substantial volatility in operating results, any of which may impair a borrower’s ability to repay a loan. If our borrowers are unable to repay their loans, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our commercial real estate and real estate construction loan portfolio exposes us to credit risks that may be greater than the risks related to other types of loans.

These loans typically involve repayment that depends upon income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. Unexpected deterioration in the credit quality of our commercial real estate loan portfolio could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, which would reduce our profitability and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Construction loans also involve risks because loan funds are secured by a project under construction and the project is of uncertain value prior to its completion. It can be difficult to accurately evaluate the total funds required to complete a project, and construction lending often involves the disbursement of

substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project rather than the ability of a borrower or guarantor to repay the loan. If we are forced to foreclose on a project prior to completion, we may be unable to recover the entire unpaid portion of the loan. In addition, we may be required to fund additional amounts to complete a project, incur taxes, maintenance and compliance costs for a foreclosed property and may have to hold the property for an indeterminate period of time, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because a significant portion of our loan portfolio held for investment is comprised of real estate loans, negative changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity could impair the value of collateral securing our real estate loans and result in loan and other losses.

Adverse developments affecting real estate values and the liquidity of real estate in our primary markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio, and could result in losses that adversely affect credit quality, financial condition and results of operations. If real estate values decline, it is more likely that we would be required to increase our allowance for loan losses, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of commercial loans secured by receivables, inventory, equipment or other commercial collateral, the deterioration in value of which could expose us to credit losses.

In general, these loans are collateralized by general business assets, including, among other things, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and most are backed by a personal guaranty of the borrower or principal. Significant adverse changes in the economy or local market conditions in which our commercial lending customers operate could cause rapid declines in loan collectability and the values associated with general business assets resulting in inadequate collateral coverage that may expose us to credit losses and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

System failure or cybersecurity breaches of our network security could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and other potential losses.

Our computer systems and network infrastructure could be vulnerable to hardware and cybersecurity issues. Any damage or failure that causes an interruption in our operations could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations are also dependent upon our ability to protect our computer systems and network infrastructure, including our digital, mobile and internet banking activities, against damage from physical break-ins, cybersecurity breaches and other disruptive problems. Such computer break-ins and other disruptions would jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability, damage our reputation and inhibit the use of our internet banking services by current and potential customers. A breach of our security that results in unauthorized access to our data could expose us to a disruption or challenges relating to our daily operations, as well as to data loss, litigation, damages, fines and penalties, significant increases in compliance costs and reputational damage, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may need to take our systems off-line if they become infected with malware or a computer virus or as a result of another form of cyber-attack. In the event that backup systems are utilized, they may not process data as quickly as our primary systems and some data might not have been saved to backup systems, potentially resulting in a temporary or permanent loss of such data. In addition, our ability to implement backup systems and other safeguards with respect to third-party systems is more limited than with respect to our own systems. We frequently update our systems to support our operations and growth and to remain compliant with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. This updating entails significant costs and creates risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones, including business

interruptions. Implementation and testing of controls related to our computer systems, security monitoring, and retaining and training personnel required to operate our systems also entail significant costs.

We face security risks, including denial of service attacks, hacking, malware intrusion and data corruption attempts, and identity theft that could result in the disclosure of confidential information, adversely affect our business or reputation, and create significant legal and financial exposure.

Our business relies on the secure processing, transmission, storage and retrieval of confidential, proprietary, and other information in our computer and data management systems and networks, and in the computer and data management systems and networks of third parties. In addition, to access our network, products, and services, our customers and other third parties may use personal mobile devices or computing devices that are outside of our network environment and are subject to their own cybersecurity risks.

We, our customers, regulators, and other third parties, including other financial services institutions and companies engaged in data processing, have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, cyber-attacks. These cyber-attacks include computer viruses, malicious or destructive code, phishing attacks, denial of service or information, ransomware, improper access by employees or vendors, attacks on personal email of employees, ransom demands to not exploit security vulnerabilities in our systems or the systems of third parties or other security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, or destruction of confidential, proprietary, and other information of ours, our employees, our customers, or of third parties, damage our systems or otherwise materially disrupt our or our customers’ or other third parties’ network access or business operations. As cyber-threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents. Despite efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and implement controls, processes, policies and other protective measures, we may not be able to anticipate all security breaches, nor may we be able to implement sufficient preventive measures against such security breaches, which may result in material losses or consequences for us.

Cybersecurity risks for banking organizations have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, and the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions. Even the most advanced internal control environment may be vulnerable to compromise. The techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently, may not be recognized until launched, and may not be recognized until well after a breach has occurred. The speed at which new vulnerabilities are discovered and exploited often before security patches are published continues to rise. The risk of a security breach caused by a cyber-attack on a vendor or by unauthorized vendor access has also increased in recent years.

Cyber-attacks or other security breaches, whether directed at us or third parties, may result in a material loss or have material consequences. Furthermore, the public perception that a cyber-attack on our systems has been successful, whether or not this perception is correct, may damage our reputation with customers and third parties with whom we do business. Hacking of personal information and identity theft risks, in particular, could cause serious reputational harm. A successful penetration or circumvention of system security could cause us serious negative consequences, including our loss of customers and business opportunities, costs associated with maintaining business relationships after an attack or breach; significant business disruption to our operations and business, misappropriation, exposure, or destruction of our confidential information, intellectual property, funds, and/or those of our customers; or damage to our or our customers’ and/or third parties’ computers or systems, and could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, loss of confidence in our security measures, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, additional compliance costs, and could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial

condition. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a cybersecurity event.

Appraisals and other valuation techniques we use in evaluating and monitoring loans secured by real property, other real estate owned and repossessed personal property may not accurately describe the net value of the asset.

In considering whether to make a loan secured by real property, we generally require an appraisal of the property. However, an appraisal is only an estimate of the value of the property at the time the appraisal is made and, as real estate values may change significantly in value in relatively short periods of time (especially in periods of heightened economic uncertainty), this estimate may not accurately describe the net value of the real property collateral after the loan is made. As a result, we may not be able to recover the full amount of any remaining indebtedness when we foreclose on and sell the relevant property. In addition, we rely on appraisals and other valuation techniques to establish the value of our other real estate owned, or OREO, and personal property that we acquire through foreclosure proceedings and to determine certain loan impairments. If any of these valuations are inaccurate, our combined and consolidated financial statements may not reflect the correct value of our OREO, and our allowance for loan losses may not reflect accurate loan impairments. This could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We engage in lending secured by real estate and may be forced to foreclose on the collateral and own the underlying real estate, subjecting us to the costs and potential risks associated with the ownership of the real property, or consumer protection initiatives or changes in state or federal law may substantially raise the cost of foreclosure or prevent us from foreclosing at all.

Since we originate loans secured by real estate, we may have to foreclose on the collateral property to protect our investment and may thereafter own and operate such property, in which case we would be exposed to the risks inherent in the ownership of real estate. Our inability to manage the amount of costs or size of the risks associated with the ownership of real estate, or write-downs in the value of OREO, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, consumer protection initiatives or changes in state or federal law may substantially increase the time and expense associated with the foreclosure process or prevent us from foreclosing at all. If new state or federal laws or regulations are ultimately enacted that significantly raise the cost of foreclosure or raise outright barriers, such could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

A lack of liquidity could impair our ability to fund operations and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity is essential to our business. We rely on our ability to generate deposits and effectively manage the repayment and maturity schedules of our loans and investment securities, respectively, to ensure that we have adequate liquidity to fund our operations. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, sales of our investment securities, sales of loans or other sources could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses or fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could, in turn, have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have several large depositor relationships, the loss of which could force us to fund our business through more expensive and less stable sources.

As of December 31, 2021, our 10 largest non-brokered depositors accounted for $362.9 million in deposits, or approximately 20.2% of our total deposits. Withdrawals of deposits by any one of our largest depositors could force us to rely more heavily on borrowings and other sources of funding for our

business, adversely affecting our net interest margin and results of operations. We may also be forced, as a result of any withdrawal of deposits, to rely more heavily on other, potentially more expensive and less stable funding sources. Consequently, the occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our mortgage banking division may not continue to provide us with significant noninterest income.

The residential mortgage business is highly competitive and highly susceptible to changes in market interest rates, consumer confidence levels, employment statistics, the capacity and willingness of secondary market purchasers to acquire and hold or securitize loans, and other factors beyond our control. Additionally, in many respects, the traditional mortgage origination business is relationship-based, and dependent on the services of individual mortgage loan officers. The loss of services of one or more loan officers could have the effect of reducing the level of our mortgage production, or the rate of growth of production. As a result of these factors, we cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain or increase the volume or percentage of revenue or net income produced by the residential mortgage business.

We earn income by originating residential mortgage loans for resale in the secondary mortgage market, and disruptions in that market could reduce our operating income.

Historically, as part of our focus on loan origination and sales activities, we enter into formal commitments and informal agreements with larger banking companies and mortgage investors earning the Bank income from these sales. Under these arrangements, we originate single-family mortgages that are priced and underwritten to conform to previously agreed criteria before loan funding and are delivered to the investor shortly after funding.

Disruptions in the secondary market may not only affect us but also the ability and desire of mortgage investors and other banks to purchase residential mortgage loans that we originate. As a result, we may not be able to maintain or grow the income we receive from originating and reselling residential mortgage loans. Additionally, we hold certain mortgage loans that we originated for sale, increasing our exposure to interest rate risk and adverse changes in the value of the residential real estate that serves as collateral for the mortgage loan prior to sale.

Our financial condition, earnings and asset quality could be adversely affected if we are required to repurchase loans originated for sale by our mortgage banking division.

The Bank originates residential mortgage loans for sale to secondary market investors, subject to contractually specified and limited recourse provisions. Because the loans are intended to be originated within investor guidelines, using designated automated underwriting and product-specific requirements as part of the loan application, the loans sold have a limited recourse provision. Should such loan repurchases become a material issue, our earnings and asset quality could be adversely impacted, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Delinquencies and credit losses from our OpenSky® credit card division could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our OpenSky® division provides secured, partially secured, and unsecured credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores. Although some OpenSky® credit cards are fully or partially secured, losses may occur primarily as a result of fraud, or when the account exceeds its established limit or if a cardholder ceases to maintain the account in good standing. Fraud, such as identity fraud, payment fraud and funding fraud (where an individual funds a card using information from someone they know well, such as a relative or roommate) can result in substantial losses. In the case of an OpenSky® account that is funded through fraud on the part of an

applicant, we are required by applicable laws to refund the amount of the original deposit, and we charge off balances which were subsequently charged on the card. Account balances in excess of established credit limits happen as a result of certain VISA membership policies that allow cardholders to incur certain charges even if they exceed their card limits, which include, but are not limited to, rental car charges, gas station charges and hotel deposits. If an OpenSky® cardholder exceeds his or her credit limit as a result of purchases in one of these categories, we may incur losses for amounts in excess of the collateral deposited if the borrower is unable to repay such excess amounts. Customers can also exceed their credit limit by making intra period payments to replenish their available lines. If the payments are made via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) and were fraudulent, we could incur the cost of the payment. Finally, losses to our credit card portfolio may arise if cardholders cease to maintain the account in good standing with timely payments. For example, in the event a card becomes more than 120 days past due, the credit card balance is recovered against any corresponding deposit account and a charge-off is recorded for any related fees, accrued interest or other charges in excess of the deposit account balance. We have invested in technology and systems to prevent and detect fraudulent behavior and mitigate losses but such investments may not be adequate, and our systems may not adequately monitor or mitigate potential losses arising from these risks.

A high credit loss rate (the rate at which we charge off uncollectible loans) on either our secured, partially secured, or unsecured portfolio could adversely impact our overall financial performance. We maintain an allowance for loan losses, which we believe to be adequate to cover credit losses inherent in our OpenSky® portfolio, but we cannot be certain that the allowance will be sufficient to cover actual credit losses. If credit losses from our OpenSky® portfolio exceed our allowance for loan losses, our revenues will be reduced by the excess of such credit losses.

The inability of our OpenSky® credit card division to continue its growth rate could adversely affect our earnings.

Our credit card portfolio has increased and certain corresponding fees have been a significant portion of our income. We do not know if we will be able to retain existing customers or attract new customers, or that we will be able to increase account balances for new or existing customers.

We hope the development and expansion of new credit card products and related cardholder service products will be an important contributor to our growth and earnings in the future; however, if we are unable to implement new cardholder products and features, our ability to grow will be negatively impacted. Declining sales of cardholder service products would likely result in reduced income from fees and interest.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by merchants’ increasing focus on the fees charged by credit card networks and by regulation and legislation impacting such fees.

Credit card interchange fees are generally one of the largest components of the costs that merchants pay in connection with the acceptance of credit cards and are a meaningful source of revenue for our OpenSky® division. Interchange fees are the subject of significant and intense legal, regulatory and legislative focus globally, and the resulting decisions, regulations and legislation may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The heightened focus by merchants and regulatory and legislative bodies on the fees charged by credit and debit card networks, and the ability of certain merchants to negotiate discounts to interchange fees with MasterCard and Visa successfully or develop alternative payment systems could result in a reduction of interchange fees. Any resulting loss in income to us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to additional credit and market risk.

As part of our mortgage banking activities, we enter into interest rate lock agreements with the consumer. These are commitments to originate loans at a specified interest rate and lock expiration which is set prior to closing.

Hedging interest rate risk is a complex process, requiring sophisticated models and routine monitoring. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged assets and liabilities will appreciate or depreciate in market value. The effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation in assets (loans) will generally be offset by income or loss in the corresponding MBS derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged assets and liabilities. By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to counterparty credit and market risk. If the counterparty fails to perform, credit risk exists to the extent of the fair value gain in the derivative. Market risk exists to the extent that interest rates change in ways that are significantly different from what was modeled when we entered into the derivative transaction. The existence of credit and market risk associated with our derivative instruments could adversely affect our mortgage banking revenue and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to interest rate risk as fluctuations in interest rates may adversely affect our earnings.

The majority of our banking assets and liabilities are monetary in nature and subject to risk from changes in interest rates. Like most financial institutions, our earnings are significantly dependent on our net interest income, the principal component of our earnings, which is the difference between interest earned by us from our interest earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and interest paid by us on our interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. We expect that we will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities, meaning that either our interest bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest earning assets, or vice versa. In either case, if market interest rates move contrary to our position, this gap will negatively impact our earnings. The impact on earnings is more adverse when the slope of the yield curve flattens; that is, when short-term interest rates increase more than long-term interest rates or when long-term interest rates decrease more than short-term interest rates. Many factors impact interest rates, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, international economic weakness and disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets.

Interest rate increases often result in larger payment requirements for our borrowers, which increases the potential for default and could result in a decrease in the demand for loans. At the same time, the marketability of the property securing a loan may be adversely affected by any reduced demand resulting from higher interest rates. In a declining interest rate environment, there may be an increase in prepayments on loans as borrowers refinance their loans at lower rates. In addition, in a low interest rate environment, loan customers often pursue long-term fixed rate credits, which could adversely affect our earnings and net interest margin if rates later increase. Changes in interest rates also can affect the value of loans, securities and other assets. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on loans may lead to an increase in nonperforming assets and a reduction of income recognized, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Further, when we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. At the same time, we continue to incur costs to fund the loan, which is reflected as interest expense, without any interest income to offset the associated funding expense. Thus, an increase in the amount of nonperforming assets would have an adverse impact on net interest income. If short-term interest rates remain at their historically low levels for a prolonged period and assuming longer-term interest rates fall further, we could experience net interest margin compression as our interest earning assets would continue to reprice downward while our interest bearing liability rates could fail to decline in tandem. Such an occurrence would have an adverse effect on

our net interest income and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Uncertainty about the future of LIBOR may adversely affect our business.

On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the LIBOR, announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. In November 2020, the Financial Conduct Authority announced that it would continue to publish LIBOR rates through June 30, 2023. It is unclear whether, or in what form, LIBOR will continue to exist after that date. Central banks around the world, including the Federal Reserve, have commissioned committees and working groups of market participants and official sector representatives to replace LIBOR and replace or reform other interest rate benchmarks. U.S. banking agencies have encouraged banks to cease entering into new contracts referencing LIBOR no later than December 31, 2021. A transition away from the widespread use of LIBOR to alternative benchmarks has begun and will continue over the course of the next few years. These reforms may cause such rates to perform differently than in the past or have other consequences that are unforeseen.

While there is no consensus on what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, a group of market participants convened by the Federal Reserve, the Alternative Reference Rate Committee, has selected SOFR as its recommended alternative to LIBOR. SOFR may fail to gain market acceptance. SOFR was developed for use in certain U.S. dollar derivatives and other financial contracts as an alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR in part because it is considered to be a good representation of general funding conditions in the overnight U.S. Treasury repo market. However, as a rate based on transactions secured by U.S. Treasury securities, it does not measure bank-specific credit risk and, as a result, is likely to correlate with the unsecured short-term funding costs of banks. This may mean that market participants would not consider SOFR to be a suitable substitute or a successor for all of the purposes for which U.S. dollar LIBOR historically has been used, which may, in turn, lessen its market acceptance.

It is impossible to predict the effect of the adoption of SOFR or any other alternative reference rate on the value of LIBOR-based securities and variable rate loans, subordinated debentures, or other securities or financial arrangements, given LIBOR’s role in determining market interest rates globally. Uncertainty as to the nature of alternative reference rates and as to potential changes or other reforms to LIBOR may adversely affect LIBOR rates and the value of LIBOR-based loans and securities in our portfolio, and may impact the availability and cost of hedging instruments and borrowings. If LIBOR rates are no longer available, and we are required to implement alternative reference rates, such as SOFR, for the calculation of interest rates under our loan agreements with our borrowers, we may incur significant expenses in effecting the transition, and may be subject to disputes or litigation with customers over the appropriateness or comparability of LIBOR to SOFR or another alternative reference rate, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations..

We face strong competition from financial services companies and other companies that offer banking services.

We operate in the highly competitive financial services industry and face significant competition for customers from financial institutions located both within and beyond our principal markets. We compete with commercial banks, savings banks, credit unions, nonbank financial services companies and other financial institutions operating within or near the areas we serve. In addition, many of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations that govern our activities and may have greater flexibility in competing for business. Our inability to compete successfully in the markets in which we operate could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Industry

We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and accounting principles, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, could adversely affect us.

Banking is highly regulated under federal and state law. As such, we are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and legal requirements that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional operating costs. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure follows good faith effort or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, enforcement actions and fines and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, regulatory capital levels and the price of our securities. Further, any new laws, rules and regulations could make compliance more difficult or expensive or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Legislative and regulatory actions taken now or in the future may increase our costs and impact our business, governance structure, financial condition or results of operations.

Economic conditions that contributed to the financial crisis in 2008, particularly in the financial markets, resulted in government regulatory agencies and political bodies placing increased focus and scrutiny on the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Act, which was enacted in 2010 as a response to the financial crisis, significantly changed the regulation of financial institutions and the financial services industry. Compliance with the Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations has and may continue to result in additional operating and compliance costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Federal and state regulatory agencies frequently adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. Regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry, if enacted or adopted, may impact the profitability of our business activities, require more oversight or change certain of our business practices, including the ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans and achieve satisfactory interest spreads and could expose us to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. These changes also may require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations to comply and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Federal banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with any supervisory actions to which we are or become subject as a result of such examinations could adversely affect us.

As part of the bank regulatory process, the OCC and the Federal Reserve, periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, one of these federal banking agencies were to determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, asset sensitivity, risk management or other aspects of any of our operations have become unsatisfactory, or that the Company, the Bank or their respective management were in violation of any law or regulation, it may take a number of different remedial actions as it deems appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital levels, to restrict our growth, to assess civil monetary penalties against us, the Bank or their respective officers or directors, to remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation would be adversely affected.

Monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the U.S. money supply and credit conditions. The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. Although we cannot determine the effects of such policies on us at this time, such policies could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulatory requirements affecting our loans secured by commercial real estate could limit our ability to leverage our capital and adversely affect our growth and profitability.

The federal bank regulatory agencies have indicated their view that banks with high concentrations of loans secured by commercial real estate are subject to increased risk and should implement robust risk management policies and maintain higher capital than regulatory minimums to maintain an appropriate cushion against loss that is commensurate with the perceived risk. Federal bank regulatory guidelines identify institutions potentially exposed to commercial real estate concentration risk as those that have (i) experienced rapid growth in commercial real estate lending, (ii) notable exposure to a specific type of commercial real estate, (iii) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land loans representing 100% or more of the institution’s capital, or (iv) total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate (including construction) loans representing 300% or more of the institution’s capital if the outstanding balance of the institution’s non-owner-occupied commercial real estate (including construction) loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months. At December 31, 2021, the Bank’s construction to total capital ratio was 136.9% which exceeded the 100% regulatory guideline threshold set forth in clause (iii) above. As a result, we are deemed to have a concentration in commercial real estate lending under applicable regulatory guidelines. Because a significant portion of our loan portfolio depends on commercial real estate, a change in the regulatory capital requirements applicable to us or a decline in our regulatory capital could limit our ability to leverage our capital as a result of these policies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot guarantee that any risk management practices we implement will be effective to prevent losses relating to our commercial real estate portfolio. Management has implemented controls to monitor our commercial real estate lending concentrations, but we cannot predict the extent to which this guidance will impact our operations or capital requirements.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock may be subject to substantial fluctuations, which may make it difficult for you to sell your shares at the volume, prices and times desired.

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile, which may make it difficult for you to resell your shares at the volume, prices and times desired. There are many factors that may affect the market price and trading volume of our common stock, most of which are outside of our control.

The stock market and the market for financial institution stocks has experienced substantial fluctuations in recent years, which in many cases have been unrelated to the operating performance and prospects of particular companies. In addition, significant fluctuations in the trading volume in our common stock may cause significant price variations to occur. Increased market volatility may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock, which could make it difficult to sell your shares at the volume, prices and times desired.

The market price of our common stock could decline significantly and you may experience future dilution due to actual or anticipated issuances or sales of our common stock in the future.

Our board of directors may determine from time to time that we need to raise additional capital by issuing additional shares of our common stock or other securities. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, you may experience substantial dilution.

Our management and board of directors have significant control over our business.

As of December 31, 2021, our directors, directors of the Bank, our named executive officers and their respective family members and affiliated entities beneficially owned an aggregate of 6,040,548 shares, or approximately 43.3% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Consequently, our management and board of directors may be able to significantly affect the outcome of the election of directors and the potential outcome of other matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, such as mergers, the sale of substantially all of our assets and other extraordinary corporate matters. The interests of these insiders could conflict with the interests of our other shareholders.

Our common stock is subordinate to our existing and future indebtedness and preferred stock.

Our common stock ranks junior to all of our existing and future indebtedness and other non-equity claims with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us, including claims in the event of our liquidation. As of December 31, 2021 we had outstanding approximately $10.0 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes and $2.1 million in aggregate principal amount of junior subordinated debentures. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future to increase our capital resources or if our total capital ratio or the total capital ratio of the Bank falls below the required minimums. Furthermore, our common stock is subordinate to any series of preferred stock we may issue in the future.

Provisions in our governing documents and Maryland law may have an anti-takeover effect, and there are substantial regulatory limitations on changes of control of bank holding companies.

Our corporate organizational documents and provisions of federal and state law to which we are subject contain certain provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, make more difficult or prevent an attempted acquisition that you may favor or an attempted replacement of our board of directors or management.

In addition, certain provisions of Maryland law may delay, discourage or prevent an attempted acquisition or change in control. Furthermore, banking laws impose notice, approval, and ongoing regulatory requirements on any shareholder or other party that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or its holding company. These laws include the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act (“CBCA”). These laws could delay or prevent an acquisition.

Our common stock is not insured by any governmental entity.

Our common stock is not a deposit account or other obligation of any bank and is not insured by the FDIC or any other governmental entity. Investment in our common stock is subject to risk, including possible loss.

ITEM 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our headquarters are currently located at 2275 Research Boulevard, Suite 600, Rockville, Maryland 20850. The following table summarizes pertinent details of our commercial bank branch locations, mortgage banking offices, loan production offices, or LPOs, and our credit card operations office. Our mortgage offices typically contain both origination and operations professionals.

Location Owned/Leased Lease Expiration Type of office

One Church StreetSuite 100Rockville, MD 20850 Leased 6/30/24 Commercial Branch

818 Connecticut AveSuite 900Washington, D.C. 20006 Sub-Leased Month-to-month LPO

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the ordinary conduct of our business. Management believes that none of these legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on the results of operations or financial condition of the Company.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Shareholder Information

The common stock of the Company has been publicly traded since September 2018 and is currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CBNK. As of March 11, 2022, there were approximately 157 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

Commencing with the third quarter of 2021, shareholders received quarterly cash dividends on shares of common stock which totaled $1.4 million in 2021. As a general matter, the payment of dividends is at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors, based on such factors as operating results, financial condition, capital adequacy, regulatory requirements, and stockholder return. Although we have no obligation to pay dividends and we may change our dividend policy at any time without notice to shareholders,the Company anticipates continuing a regular quarterly cash dividend.. Any future determination to pay dividends to holders of our common stock will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, banking regulations, contractual restrictions and any other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is dependent on the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company. Various statutory provisions restrict the amount of dividends that the Bank can pay without regulatory approval.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2021, with respect to options and RSUs outstanding and shares available for future awards under the Company’s active equity incentive plans.

(a) (b) (c)

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders — — —

Unregistered Sales and Issuer Repurchases of Common Stock

There were no unregistered sales of the Company’s stock during the fourth quarter of 2021. The Company did not repurchase any of its shares during the fourth quarter of 2021. The Company has an authorized share repurchase program pending regulator approval.

ITEM 6. [Reserved]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis is intended as a review of significant factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

Executive Summary

The following summary should be read in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section in its entirety.

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $14.2 million, or 54.8% when compared to the prior year, due primarily to an increase in average balances in the loan portfolio, an increase in credit card revenue, a reduction in rates for all interest bearing liabilities, and a reduction in the provision for loan losses. These positive factors were offset by a decrease in mortgage banking revenue, increases in salaries and employee benefits, data processing and advertising. During the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily as a result of bringing on new lending teams to focus on growing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio, specifically owner occupied properties, the Bank’s commercial real estate loan portfolio grew by $163.8 million, of which $102.2 million was owner occupied. The growth in our credit card portfolio of $38.9 million was due in part to targeted advertising as well as the normalization of consumer behavior across a larger customer base. The increase in credit card activity was mainly responsible for the increase in data processing expenses.

The net interest margin was 5.86% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 5.14% for the prior year. Primarily driving this margin expansion were increases in average portfolio loan balances of $155.9 million, a 90 basis point increase in the loan yield on the portfolio loans, and the overall rate reduction for the interest bearing deposit portfolio. Leading the increase in average portfolio balances were the commercial real estate and credit card portfolios with average balance increases of $90.5 million and $51.4 million, respectively, when comparing the year ended December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2020. Management’s concerted effort in reducing the cost of funds associated with our interest bearing deposit portfolio resulted in a 63 basis point reduction between 2020 and 2021. The reduction in rates for the money market and time deposit portfolios provided the greatest benefit in reducing the cost of funds for the overall interest bearing deposit portfolio.

Total assets grew by $178.7 million while total liabilities grew by $140.1 million when comparing year end 2021 to 2020. Liquidity provided by the net SBA-PPP run off and the reduction in our mortgage loans held for sale balances coupled with our increase in core deposits enabled the Company to redeploy excess liquidity to growth in our loan and investment portfolios as well as acquiring $35.0 million in bank-

owned life insurance. Total liability growth was due to the growth in total core deposits with noninterest bearing deposits growing by 29.4% when comparing December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2020.

The Bank’s OpenSky® division continued to exceed management’s expectations during 2021. Active customer accounts grew by 92 thousand when comparing the year end balance 2021 to 2020, driving a $38.9 million growth in credit card loans, net of reserves. The noninterest bearing deposits associated with the secured credit card loans grew by $37.0 million, to $229.5 million at December 31, 2021 in comparison to December 31, 2020. Management is beginning to see the impact of COVID-19 dissipate as customer behaviors begin to return to more seasonal norms. Prior to COVID-19, the majority of growth came in the first and second quarters of the year tapering off in quarters three and four. Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, management saw unprecedented growth through the end of the year and into the first quarter of 2021 due mainly to the COVID-19 stimulus monies being received by OpenSky’s® target market. The second quarter of 2021 saw a return to more normalized quarterly trends which continued throughout the year.

The Bank’s Capital Bank Home Loans division saw a decline in mortgage originations during the year ended December 31, 2021 when compared to the prior year. The steepening of the yield curve in 2021 slowed originations from the year earlier when low interest rates fueled refinance volumes. Gain on sale margins, down slightly from 3.02% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, remained strong at 2.79% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Historically-low housing inventory, shortages in new home building materials, and fluctuating interest rates are likely to continue suppressing origination volumes into 2022.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with U.S. GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry. The Company’s financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including estimates, assumptions, and judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assets and liabilities and amounts reported for revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations. The Company evaluates its critical accounting estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and updates them, as needed. Management has discussed the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.

The Company’s accounting policies are fundamental to understanding the Company’s consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations. Accordingly, the Company’s significant accounting policies are discussed in detail in “Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data".

The critical accounting and reporting policies include the Company’s accounting for the allowance for loan losses. The Company provides additional information on its allowance for loan losses in “Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data".

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of Recent Accounting Pronouncements, see “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Financial Statements - Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Net Income

The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated.

Years Ended December 31,

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $40.0 million, up from net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $25.8 million. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to the increase in average loans outstanding in the loan portfolio year over year, an increase in credit card fees, and a reduction in rates for all interest bearing liabilities. Year over year growth in portfolio loan volumes attributed $26.8 million to the increase in net interest income with $22.1 million attributable to the growth in the credit card portfolio. An additional $10.9 million in credit card fees were generated in 2021 when compared to 2020. Year over year rate reductions for all interest bearing liabilities contributed an additional $6.1 million to the net interest income growth. The provision for loan losses decreased $7.9 million when comparing the years ended December 31, 2020 to 2021. Management’s focus on reducing nonperforming assets as well as the improved economy during 2021 resulted in a reduced need for additional provisioning. Offsetting factors included a decline in mortgage banking revenue of $11.4 million when comparing 2021 to 2020 as well as increases in noninterest expenses. Data processing and advertising increased $12.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively, when comparing the annual 2021 expenses to 2020 due primarily to increases in credit card portfolio activity and targeted marketing campaigns for the unveiling of OpenSky’s new offerings. Salaries and employee benefits increased $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 in comparison to 2020 as the Company increased its overall full-time positions by 18, hiring commercial lending teams as well as senior management officials and staff at the Bank.

Net Interest Income and Net Margin Analysis

Net interest income is the difference between interest income on earning assets and the cost of funds supporting those assets. Earning assets are composed primarily of loans, loans held for sale, investment securities, and interest bearing deposits with banks. The cost of funds represents interest expense on deposits and borrowings, which consist of federal funds purchased, advances from the FHLB, and subordinated notes. Noninterest bearing deposits and capital also provide sources of funding.

We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and control the interest expenses of our liabilities, measured as net interest income, through our net interest margin and net interest spread. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income annualized divided by average interest earning assets for the same period. Net interest spread is the difference between average interest rates earned on interest earning assets and average interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.

Changes in market interest rates and the interest rates we earn on interest earning assets or pay on interest bearing liabilities, as well as in the volume and mix of interest earning assets, interest bearing and noninterest bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest income, net interest margin and net interest spread. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, government services, hospitality and tourism and financial services sectors within our target markets and throughout the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Our ability to respond to changes in these factors by using effective asset-liability management techniques is critical to maintaining the stability of our net interest income and net interest margin as our primary sources of earnings.

The table below presents the average balances and weighted average rates of the major categories of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Weighted average yields are derived by dividing annual income by the average balance of the related assets, and weighted average rates are derived by dividing annual expense by the average balance of the related liabilities, for the periods shown. Average outstanding balances are derived by utilizing average daily balances for the time period shown. The weighted average yields and rates include amortization of fees, costs, premiums and discounts, which are considered adjustments to yield/rates. Weighted average yields on tax-exempt securities are not calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis.

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET AND NET INTEREST ANALYSIS

Years Ended December 31,

Assets

Interest earning assets:

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Interest bearing liabilities:

Noninterest bearing liabilities:

Net interest spread 5.58 % 4.66 %

Net interest margin (3) 5.86 % 5.14 %

_______________

(1)Includes nonaccrual loans.

(2)Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.

(3)For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, SBA-PPP loans and credit card loans accounted for 226 and 125 basis points of the reported net interest margin, respectively.

Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income

The rate/volume table below presents the composition of the change in net interest income for the periods indicated, as allocated between the change in net interest income due to changes in the volume of average earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, and the changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates.

Compared to the

Change Due To Interest Variance

(In thousands) Volume Rate

Interest Income:

Interest bearing deposits $ 144 $ (205) $ (61)

Federal funds sold — (4) (4)

Restricted investments (11) (67) (78)

Portfolio loans excluding credit card loans 4,752 (4,806) (54)

Interest Expense:

Interest bearing demand accounts 65 (519) (454)

Savings 1 (3) (2)

When comparing the years ended December 31, 2021 to 2020, the greatest positive impact to total interest income was associated with the credit card portfolio. On a stand-alone basis, the credit card portfolio contributed an increase of $23.7 million due to volume and rate increases when comparing the year over year 2021 to 2020 figures. The origination of SBA-PPP loans in 2021 as well as the SBA-PPP loan forgiveness in 2021 contributed an additional $3.1 million to interest income. Volume increases in the portfolio loans excluding credit cards accounted for an additional increase $4.8 million in interest income for the year ended December 31, 2021. Management’s efforts to reduce the cost of funds associated with the deposit portfolio contributed $5.3 million to the increase in net interest income between the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses represents the amount of expense charged to current earnings to fund the allowance for loan losses. The amount of the allowance for loan losses is based on many factors which reflect management’s assessment of the risk in the loan portfolio. Those factors include historical losses, economic conditions and trends, the value and adequacy of collateral, volume and mix of the portfolio, performance of the portfolio, and internal loan processes of the Company and Bank. For a detailed description of the factors taken into account by our management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “Financial Condition— Allowance for Loan Losses.”

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $3.4 million, compared to $11.2 million for the previous year. The decrease in the provision for 2021 compared to 2020 was primarily due to an improving economy. See additional discussion regarding the Company’s allowance for loan losses and reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures at December 31, 2021 in “Financial Condition— Allowance for Loan Losses.”

The maintenance of a high quality loan portfolio, with an adequate allowance for possible credit losses, will continue to be a primary management objective for the Company.

Noninterest Income

Our primary sources of recurring noninterest income are credit card fees, such as interchange fees and statement fees, and mortgage banking revenue. Noninterest income does not include (i) loan origination fees to the extent they exceed the direct loan origination costs, which are generally recognized over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method or (ii) annual, renewal and late fees related to our credit card portfolio, which are generally recognized over the twelve month life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:

Years Ended December 31,

Noninterest income:

Service charges on deposit accounts $ 609 $ 520 17.1 %

Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale, net 153 20 665.0

The Bank’s OpenSky® Division continued to exceed management’s expectations in 2021. Active customer accounts grew by 92 thousand when comparing the year-end balance 2021 to 2020. The increase in accounts led to increased fees totaling $10.9 million during 2021. Management anticipates the impact of COVID-19 will wane as consumer patterns return to more normalized seasonal trends.

The Bank’s Capital Bank Home Loans division saw a decline in mortgage originations during the year ended December 31, 2021 when compared to the prior year. The steepening of the yield curve in 2021 slowed originations from the year earlier when low interest rates fueled refinance volumes. Gain on sale margins, down slightly from 3.02% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, remained strong at 2.79% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Historically-low housing inventory, shortages in new home building materials, and fluctuating interest rates are likely to continue suppressing origination volumes into 2022.

Mortgage loans sold are subject to repurchase in circumstances where documentation is deficient or the underlying loan becomes delinquent or pays off within a specified period following loan funding and sale. The Bank considers these potential recourse provisions to be a risk and has established a reserve under generally accepted accounting principles for possible repurchases. The reserve was $1.2 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Bank repurchased one loan for $205 thousand during 2021 while no loans were repurchased during 2020. The Bank does not originate “sub-prime” loans and has no exposure to this market segment

Noninterest Expense

Generally, noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, obtaining and retaining customer relationships and providing bank services. The largest component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy and equipment expenses, professional fees, advertising expenses, loan processing expenses and other general and administrative expenses, including FDIC assessments, communications, travel, meals, training, supplies and postage.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:

Years Ended December 31,

Noninterest expense:

During 2021, salaries and employee benefits increased due to the addition of new employees in our commercial and commercial real estate lending groups as well as additional positions in executive management as the Company continues to put in place the requisite human capital for its continued growth. Contributions to the long-term incentive plan during 2021 was responsible for an additional $1.2 million in salaries and employee benefits expense when compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in data processing expense as well as other operating expense was primarily related to the increase in the number of active OpenSky® accounts at year end 2021, while the increase in advertising expense was attributable to enhanced marketing for the commercial bank segment as well as OpenSky® during 2021. Professional fees associated with the commercial bank segment increased as the Company continued to build out its regulatory and compliance infrastructure in anticipation of the budgeted growth for 2022.

Income Tax Expense

The amount of income tax expense we incur is influenced by our pre-tax income and our nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at current income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Income tax expense was $13.9 million for 2021 compared to $9.3 million for 2020. Our effective tax rates for those periods were 25.8% and 26.5%, respectively.

Financial Condition

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial condition at the dates indicated.

December 31, Change expressed in:

Equity to total assets at end of period 9.6 % 8.5 % 12.9

Average number of diluted shares outstanding 14,081 13,800 2.0 %

Total assets at December 31, 2021 reflected an increase from its December 31, 2020 balance due to growth in the commercial real estate loan portfolio and credit card portfolios, the addition of bank-owned life insurance, and the deployment of excess liquidity into the investment portfolio. Offsetting these increases were decreases in the loans held for sale portfolio during 2021 when compared to 2020, as well as a reduction in SBA-PPP loans.

Securities

The Company uses its securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements.

Management classifies investment securities as either held to maturity or available for sale based on our intentions and the Company’s ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such classifications, securities that management has the positive intent and the Company has the ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as available for sale and carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. For the years presented, all securities were classified as available for sale.

To supplement interest income earned on our loan portfolio, the Company invests in high quality mortgage-backed securities, government agency bonds, asset-backed securities and high quality municipal and corporate bonds. During 2021, management invested a portion of its excess liquidity into U.S. Treasuries as the spread between treasuries and other investment portfolios continued to contract.

The following tables summarize the contractual maturities, without consideration of call features or pre-refunding dates, and weighted-average yields of investment securities at December 31, 2021 and the amortized cost and carrying value of those securities as of the indicated dates. The weighted average yields were calculated by multiplying the book value of each individual security by its yield, dividing that figure by the portfolio total, and then summing the value of these results to arrive at the weighted average yield. Yields on tax-exempt investments are not calculated on a fully tax equivalent basis.

(dollars in thousands)

Securities Available for Sale:

Portfolio Loans

Our primary source of income is derived from interest earned on loans. Our loan portfolio consists of loans secured by real estate, commercial business loans and credit card loans, substantially all of which are secured by corresponding deposits at the Bank and, to a very limited extent, other consumer loans. Our loan customers primarily consist of small to medium-sized businesses, professionals, real estate investors, small residential builders and individuals. Our owner-occupied and investment commercial real estate loans, residential construction loans and commercial business loans provide us with higher risk-adjusted returns, shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations, and are complemented by our relatively lower risk residential real estate loans to individuals. Our credit card portfolio supplements our traditional lending products with enhanced yields. Outside of credit cards, our lending activities are principally directed to our market area consisting of the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas.

Residential Real Estate Loans. We offer one-to-four family mortgage loans primarily on owner-occupied primary residences and, to a lesser extent, investor owned residences. Residential loans are originated through our commercial sales teams and our Capital Bank Home Loan division. Our residential loans also include home equity lines of credit. Our owner-occupied residential real estate loans usually have fixed rates for five to seven years and adjust on an annual basis after the initial term based on a typical maturity of 30 years. Our investor residential real estate loans are generally based on 25-year terms with a balloon payment due after five years. In general, the required minimum debt service coverage ratio is 1.15. Residential real estate loans have represented a growing portion of our loan portfolio.

Commercial Real Estate Loans. The Company originates both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans. These loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial loans that are secured by owner-occupied commercial real estate and primarily collateralized by operating cash flows are also included in this category of loans. Commercial real estate loan terms are generally extended for 10 years or less and amortize generally over 25 years or less. The interest rates on our commercial real estate loans generally have an initial fixed rate terms that adjust typically at 5 years. Origination fees are routinely charged for our services. The Company generally requires personal guarantees from the principal owners of the business, supported by a review of the principal owners’ personal financial statements and global debt service obligations. The properties securing the portfolio are diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry.

Construction Loans. Our construction loans are offered within our Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan operating areas to builders primarily for the construction of single-family homes, condominium and townhouse conversions or renovations and, to a lesser extent, to individuals. Our construction loans typically have terms of 12 to 18 months with the goal of transitioning the borrowers to

permanent financing or re-underwriting and selling into the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loan. According to our underwriting standards, the ratio of loan principal to collateral value, as established by an independent appraisal, should not exceed 75% for investor-owned and 80% for owner-occupied properties. We conduct semi-annual stress testing of our construction loan portfolio and closely monitor underlying real estate conditions as well as our borrower’s trends of sales valuations as compared to underwriting valuations as part of our ongoing risk management efforts. Borrowers’ progress is monitored during the course of construction buildout, including for adherence to construction milestones and completion timelines.

Commercial Business Loans. In addition to our other loan products, the Company provides general commercial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, letters of credit and other loan products, primarily in our target markets, and underwritten based on each borrower’s ability to service debt from income. These loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial business loans are secured by a lien on general business assets including, among other things, available real estate, accounts receivable, promissory notes, inventory and equipment, and we generally obtain a personal guaranty from the borrower or other principal.

Credit Cards. Through our OpenSky® credit card division, the Company provides credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores through a fully digital and mobile platform. Substantially all of the lines of credit are secured by a noninterest bearing demand account at the Bank in an amount equal to the full credit limit of the credit card. In addition, using our proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on-time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis), the Bank offers certain customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit.

Other Consumer Loans. To a very limited extent and typically as an accommodation to existing customers, we offer personal consumer loans such as term loans, car loans or boat loans.

The repayment of loans is a source of additional liquidity for us. The following table details contractual maturities of our portfolio loans, along with associated weighted average yields and an analysis of loans maturing after one year categorized by rate characteristic. Loans with adjustable interest rates are shown as maturing in the period during which the contract is due. The table does not reflect the effects of possible prepayments.

Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield

Real estate:

Real estate:

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due. We also place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are, in management’s opinion, reasonably assured. Any loan which the Bank deems to be uncollectible, in whole or in part, is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. Consumer credit card balances are moved into the charge off queue after they become more than 90 days past due and are charged off not later than 120 days after they become past due. Loans that are past due for 180 days or more are charged off unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection.

The Company believes its disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. There are several procedures in place to assist the Company in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. The Company has established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our bankers, and monitor our

delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit.

Potential Problem Loans

From a credit risk standpoint, we grade watchlist and problem loans into one of five categories: pass/watch, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. Credits ratings are reviewed regularly. Ratings are adjusted regularly to reflect the degree of risk and loss that our management believes to be appropriate for each credit. Our methodology is structured so that specific reserve allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). Our lending policy requires the routine monitoring of weekly past due reports, daily overdraft reports, monthly maturing loans, monthly risk rating reports and internal loan review reports. The lending and credit management of the Bank meet periodically to review loans rated pass/watch. The focus of each meeting is to identify and promptly determine any necessary required action with this loan population, which consists of loans that, although considered satisfactory and performing to terms, may exhibit special risk features that warrant management’s attention.

Loans that are deemed special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss are listed in the Bank’s Problem Loan Status Report. The Problem Loan Status Report provides a detailed summary of the borrower and guarantor status, loan accrual status, collateral evaluation and includes a description of the planned collection and administration program designed to mitigate the Bank’s risk of loss and remove the loan from problem status. The Special Asset Committee reviews the Problem Loan Status Report on a quarterly basis for borrowers with an overall loan exposure in excess of $250,000.

The Bank uses the following definitions for watch list risk ratings:

•Pass/Watch. Borrowers who are considered satisfactory and performing to terms, however exhibiting special risk features such as declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage, and/or weakening fundamentals that indicate above average risk.

•Special Mention. A special mention loan has potential weaknesses deserving of management’s attention. If uncorrected, such weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in our credit position at some future date.

•Substandard. A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets that are classified as substandard.

•Doubtful. A doubtful loan has all weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is extremely high, but certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset exist. Therefore, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until a more precise status may be determined by management. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

•Loss. Credits rated as loss are charged-off. We have no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss.

Loans not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass-rated loans. The following tables present the portfolio loan balances by category as well as risk rating. No assets were classified as loss during the periods presented.

At December 31, 2021, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $11.3 million, $336 thousand of which required a specific reserve of $218 thousand compared to a recorded investment in impaired loans of $9.2 million including $391 thousand requiring a specific reserve of $253 thousand at December 31, 2020. Of the $11.3 million of impaired loans, $5.0 million was related to one well-collateralized construction loan relationship.

Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). At December 31, 2021, the Company had five loans amounting to $534 thousand that were considered to be TDRs, compared to five loans amounting to $440 thousand at December 31, 2020.

Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s best estimate of the loan losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance for loan losses should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in those amounts, or at all. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of our loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates.

The following table presents key ratios for the allowance for loan losses and nonaccrual loans for the periods indicated:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Real estate:

Other consumer 1.13 1.28 — — — —

_____________

(1)Allowance calculation excludes SBA-PPP loans.

The following table presents a summary of the net charge-off (recovery) of loans as a percentage of average loans for the periods indicated:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Real estate:

The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2021 included specific reserves of $218 thousand set aside for impaired loans. The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2020 included specific reserves of $253 thousand set aside for impaired loans. Total charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were primarily due to credit card charge-offs resulting from growth in our credit card portfolio and certain charges in excess of credit limits.

As the loan portfolio and allowance for loan losses review processes continue to evolve, there may be changes to elements of the allowance and this may have an effect on the overall level of the allowance maintained. Historically, the Bank has enjoyed a high quality loan portfolio with relatively low levels of net charge-offs and low delinquency rates. The maintenance of a high quality portfolio will continue to be a high priority.

Management is intent on maintaining a strong credit review function and risk rating process. The Company has an experienced Credit Administration function, which provides independent analysis of credit requests and the management of problem credits. The Credit Department has developed and implemented analytical procedures for evaluating credit requests, has refined the Company’s risk rating system, and continues to adapt and enhance the monitoring of the loan portfolio. The loan portfolio analysis process is intended to contribute to the identification of weaknesses before they become more severe.

Although we believe we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions for loan losses will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio.

The following table sets forth activity in the allowance for loan losses for the past two years for the categories shown below as of the dates indicated. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category.

December 31,

(in thousands) Amount Percent(1) Amount Percent(1)

Real estate:

Other consumer 12 — 21 —

_______________

(1) Loan category as a percentage of total portfolio loans which excludes SBA-PPP loans.

Total Liabilities

Total liabilities at December 31, 2021 saw an increase from its December 31, 2020 balance due to growth in the deposit portfolio. Offsetting this increase were decreases in borrowed funds as well as other liabilities.

Deposits

Deposits are the major source of funding for the Company. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest bearing demand, savings, money market and time accounts all of which we actively market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits from our customers on a relationship basis and through the efforts of our commercial lending officers and our business banking officers. The Company continues to execute on its strategic initiative to improve the deposit portfolio mix by reducing reliance on wholesale time deposits. At December 31, 2021, the Company had no balances pertaining to wholesale time deposits compared to $107.7 million at December 31, 2020. Our credit card customers are also a significant source of low cost deposits.As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, our credit card customers accounted for $229.5 million and $192.5 million, or 29.1% and 31.6%, respectively, of our total noninterest bearing deposit balances.

The following table presents the average balances and average rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated:

December 31,

(in thousands) Average Balance Average Rate Average Balance Average Rate

Management was actively focused on reducing its cost of funds on its deposits during 2021 as evidenced by the overall reduction in average rates from 0.79% during 2020 to 0.32% in 2021.

The following table presents the maturities of our certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2021.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately $972.4 million and $934.6 million, respectively, of our deposit portfolio was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements.

Borrowings

We utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below.

FHLB Advances. The FHLB allows us to borrow up to 25% of our assets on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of December 31, 2021, approximately $296.1 million in real estate loans were pledged as collateral for our FHLB borrowings. Of the $296.1 million in loans pledged to the FHLB, our total borrowing capacity at December 31, 2021 was $205.3 million. None of our investment securities were pledged with the FHLB as of December 31, 2021. We utilize these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our portfolio. As of December 31, 2021, we had $22.0 million in outstanding advances and $183.3 million in available borrowing capacity from the FHLB.

Other borrowed funds. The Company has also issued junior subordinated debentures and other subordinated notes. At December 31, 2021, these other borrowings amounted to $12.1 million.

At December 31, 2021, our junior subordinated debentures amounted to $2.1 million. The junior subordinated debentures were issued in June of 2006, mature on June 15, 2036, and may be redeemed prior to that date under certain circumstances. The principal amount of the debentures has not changed since issuance, and they accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.87%.

On November 30, 2020, the Company issued $10.0 million in subordinated notes due in 2030 to replace the outstanding higher yielding $13.5 million, reducing interest expense. The notes have a ten year term and have a fixed rated of 5.00% for the first five years; thereafter, the rate resets quarterly to a benchmark rate, being the three-month term SOFR, plus 490 basis points. The notes may be redeemed, in part or whole, upon the occurrence of certain events.

Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond has an available borrower in custody arrangement which allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. The Company’s borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve’s discount window program was $15.9 million as of December 31, 2021. Certain commercial loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. No advances were outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2021.

The Company also has lines of credit of $76.0 million available with other correspondent banks at December 31, 2021, as well as access to certificate of deposit funding through a financial network which the Bank strives to limit to 15% of the Bank’s assets. There were no outstanding balances on the lines of credit from correspondent banks at December 31, 2021.

Liquidity

Liquidity is defined as the Bank’s capacity to meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on the Bank’s ability to meet both expected and unexpected cash flows and collateral needs efficiently without adversely affecting either daily operations or the financial condition of the Bank. Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding. The Bank’s obligations, and the funding sources used to meet them, depend significantly on our business mix, balance sheet structure and the cash flow profiles of our on- and off-balance sheet obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly confronts situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints on the ability to convert assets into cash or in accessing sources of funds (i.e., market liquidity) and contingent liquidity events. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operating, legal and reputational risks also could affect the Bank’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity and asset/liability management.

Management has established a comprehensive management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Bank, liquidity risk management is integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include: corporate governance consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; the application of strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems (including assessments of the current and prospective cash flows or sources and uses of funds) that are believed to be commensurate with the complexity and business activities of the Bank; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; a diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; highly liquid marketable securities free of legal, regulatory or operational impediments that can be used to meet liquidity needs in stressful situations; comprehensive contingency funding plans that are believed to be adequate to address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash flow requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes that are believed to be appropriate to assure the adequacy of the institution’s liquidity risk management process.

We expect funds to be available from a number of basic banking activity sources, including the core deposit base, the repayment and maturity of loans and investment security cash flows. Other potential funding sources include brokered certificates of deposit, deposit listing services, CDARS, borrowings from the FHLB and other lines of credit.

We participated in the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond’s Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”). The PPPLF extended credit to eligible financial institutions that originated SBA-PPP loans, using the loans as collateral. No new extensions of credit were made under the PPPLF after July 30, 2021. In addition, we have an available borrower custody arrangement with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond which allows us to borrow on an eligible collateralized basis. As of December 31, 2021, we had $183.3 million of available borrowing capacity from the FHLB, $15.9 million of available borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and available lines of credit of $76.0 million with other correspondent banks. Cash and cash equivalents were $183.4 million at December 31, 2021 and $146.9 million at December 31, 2020. Accordingly, at December 31, 2021, our liquidity resources were at sufficient levels to fund loans and meet other cash needs as necessary.

Capital Resources

Stockholders’ equity increased $38.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 largely due to net income of $40.0 million for the year. Stock options exercised, shares issued as compensation, shares sold and stock-based compensation increased common stock and additional paid-in capital aggregately by $2.8 million. These increases were offset by net unrealized losses on available for sale securities of $1.1 million.

The Company uses several indicators of capital strength. The most commonly used measure is average common equity to average assets (computed as average equity divided by average total assets), which was 8.82% at December 31, 2021 and 8.64% at December 31, 2020.

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can precipitate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum ratios of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital as a percentage of assets and off-balance sheet exposures, adjusted for risk weights ranging from 0% to 1250%. The Bank is also required to maintain capital at a minimum level based on quarterly average assets, which is known as the leverage ratio.

In July 2013, federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule that revised their risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with certain standards that were developed by Basel III and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule applies to all depository institutions and bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies with total consolidated assets of more than $1 billion. The Bank was required to implement the new Basel III capital standards (subject to the phase-in for certain parts of the new rules) as of January 1, 2015. In August of 2018 the Regulatory Relief Act directed the Federal Reserve Board to revise the Small BHC Policy Statement to raise the total consolidated asset limit in the Small BHC Policy Statement from $1 billion to $3 billion. The Company is currently exempt from the consolidated capital requirements.

The ability of the Company to continue to grow is dependent on its earnings and those of the Bank, the ability to obtain additional funds for contribution to the Bank’s capital, through additional borrowings, through the sale of additional common stock or preferred stock, or through the issuance of additional qualifying capital instruments, such as subordinated debt. The capital levels required to be maintained by the Company and Bank may be impacted as a result of the Bank’s concentrations in commercial real estate loans. See "”Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Industry” in Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors.

As of December 31, 2021, the Bank was in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements to which it was subject and was classified as “well capitalized” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we deploy our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we intend to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us.

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company (as if such requirements applied to the Company) and the Bank as of the dates indicated.

December 31, 2021 Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio

The Company

The Bank

The Company

The Bank

Contractual Obligations

We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. While our liquidity monitoring and management consider both present and future demands for and sources of liquidity, the following table of contractual commitments focuses only on future obligations and summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021.

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. We are not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments; however, we maintain an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk which is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

Our commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit and commitments to extend credit expiring by period as of the date indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

December 31,

Commitments to originate residential loans held for sale 1,385 11,444

Commitment to fund other investments 6,352 —

Unfunded lines of credit represent unused credit facilities to our current borrowers. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, we would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, we would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer from the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and/or marketable securities. Our policies generally require that letter of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants similar to those contained in loan agreements. The credit risk associated with issuing letters of credit is substantially the same as the risk involved in extending loan facilities to our customers.

We minimize our exposure to loss under letters of credit and credit commitments by subjecting them to the same credit approval and monitoring procedures as we do for on-balance sheet instruments. The effect on our revenue, expenses, cash flows and liquidity of the unused portions of these lines of credit commitments cannot be precisely predicted because there is no guarantee that the lines of credit will be used.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend funds to a customer, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract, for a specific purpose. Commitments generally have variable interest rates, fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being fully drawn, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if considered necessary by us, upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

We enter into forward commitments for the delivery of mortgage loans in our current pipeline. Interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from our commitments to fund the loans. These commitments to fund mortgage loans, to be sold into the secondary market (interest rate lock commitments), and forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors are considered derivatives.

The commitment to fund other investments reflects an obligation to make an investment in a Small Business Investment Company.

Impact of Inflation

Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.

Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest income, such as asset prepayments, non-maturity deposit price sensitivity and decay rates, and key rate drivers. Because of the inherent use of these estimates and assumptions in the model, our actual results may, and most likely will, differ from our static earnings at risk (“EAR”) results. In addition, static EAR results do not include actions that our management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates or client behavior. For example, as part of our asset/liability management strategy, management has the ability to increase asset duration and decrease liability duration in order to reduce asset sensitivity, or to decrease asset duration and increase liability duration in order to increase asset sensitivity.

The following table summarizes the results of our EAR analysis in simulating the change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of December 31, 2021:

IMPACT ON NET INTEREST INCOME UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK

Utilizing an economic value of equity (“EVE”) approach, we analyze the risk to capital from the effects of various interest rate scenarios through a long-term discounted cash flow model. This measures the difference between the economic value of our assets and the economic value of our liabilities, which is a proxy for our liquidation value. While this provides some value as a risk measurement tool, management believes EAR is more appropriate to the application of the going concern principle.

The following table illustrates the results of our EVE analysis as of December 31, 2021.

ECONOMIC VALUE OF EQUITY ANALYSIS UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk

A fundamental risk in banking is exposure to market risk, since a bank’s net income is largely dependent on net interest income. The Bank’s ALCO formulates and monitors the management of interest rate risk through policies and guidelines established by it and the full Board of Directors and through review of detailed reports discussed quarterly. In its consideration of risk limits, the ALCO considers the impact on earnings and capital, the level and direction of interest rates, liquidity, local economic conditions, outside threats and other factors. Banking is generally a business of managing the maturity and repricing mismatch inherent in its asset and liability cash flows and to provide net interest income growth consistent with the Company’s profit objectives.

Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, other than those that have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time optimizing income.

We manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, financial options or financial future contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. We do hedge the interest rate risks of our available for sale mortgage pipeline by using mortgage-backed securities short positions, and of our subordinated debentures by utilizing an interest rate swap. Based on the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

The ALCO committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk, which include an analysis of relationships between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and an interest rate shock simulation model.

The following table indicates that, for periods less than one year, rate-sensitive assets exceeded rate-sensitive liabilities, resulting in an asset-sensitive position. For a bank with an asset-sensitive position, or positive gap, rising interest rates would generally be expected to have a positive effect on net interest income, and falling interest rates would generally be expected to have the opposite effect.

INTEREST SENSITIVITY GAP

(in thousands)

Assets

Interest earning assets

Liabilities

Interest bearing liabilities

_______________

(1)Includes loans held for sale.

We use EAR simulations to assess the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings under a variety of scenarios and time horizons. These simulations utilize both instantaneous and parallel changes in the level of interest rates, as well as non-parallel changes such as changing slopes and twists of the yield curve. Static simulation models are based on current exposures and assume a constant balance sheet with no new growth. Dynamic simulation models are also utilized that rely on detailed assumptions regarding changes in existing lines of business, new business, and changes in management and client behavior.

We also use economic value-based methodologies to measure the degree to which the economic values of the Bank’s positions change under different interest rate scenarios. The economic-value approach focuses on a longer-term time horizon and endeavors to capture all future cash flows expected from existing assets and liabilities. The economic value model utilizes a static approach in that the analysis does not incorporate new business; rather, the analysis shows a snapshot in time of the risk inherent in the balance sheet.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Capital Bancorp, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

Raleigh, North Carolina

March 15, 2022

Assets

Interest bearing deposits at other financial institutions 136,824 126,081

Marketable equity securities 245 245

Portfolio loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs 1,523,982 1,315,502

Foreclosed real estate 86 3,326

Bank owned life insurance 35,506 —

Liabilities

Deposits

Stockholders' equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,076) 1,717

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands except per share data) 2021 2020

Interest income

Investment securities available for sale 2,010 1,292

Federal funds sold and other 449 592

Interest expense

Net interest income after provision for loan losses 113,334 72,827

Noninterest income

Service charges on deposits 609 520

Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale, net 153 20

Noninterest expenses

Other real estate expenses, net 368 69

Basic earnings per share $ 2.90 $ 1.87

Diluted earnings per share $ 2.84 $ 1.87

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities available for sale (3,688) 2,340

Income tax benefit (expense) relating to the items above 1,048 (616)

Other comprehensive income (loss) (2,793) 1,704

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data) Shares Amount

Stock-based compensation — — 983 — — 983

Stock-based compensation — — 1,347 — — 1,347

Cash dividends to stockholders ($0.10 per share) — — — (1,382) — (1,382)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash flows from operating activities

Provision for mortgage put-back reserve, net 4 584

Provision for (release of) off balance sheet credit risk (40) 550

Net amortization on investments 642 297

Premises and equipment depreciation 561 844

Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI (506) —

Executive long term incentive plan expense 1,344 —

Stock-based compensation expense 1,347 983

Director and employee compensation paid in Company stock 519 268

Deferred income tax benefit (1,927) (3,170)

Valuation allowance on derivatives (49) (28)

Amortization of debt issuance cost — 139

Gain on sale of securities available for sale (153) (20)

Loss on sales of foreclosed real estate, net 47 —

Decrease in valuation of loans held for sale carried at fair value 246 8

Changes in assets and liabilities:

Accrued interest receivable 233 (3,364)

Accrued interest payable (661) (667)

Net cash provided by operating activities 132,076 5,457

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of securities available for sale (169,672) (53,926)

Proceeds from sale of securities available for sale 66,534 965

Sales of restricted investments 215 8

Net decrease (increase) in SBA-PPP loans receivable 92,733 (201,018)

Net purchases of premises and equipment (24) (267)

Proceeds from sales of foreclosed real estate 3,193 —

Purchase of Bank owned life insurance (35,000) —

Cash flows from financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in:

Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net — (10,222)

Dividends paid (1,382) —

Repurchase of common stock — (3,720)

Proceeds from exercise of stock options 967 922

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 36,485 32,086

Noncash investing and financing activities:

Loans transferred to foreclosed real estate $ — $ 942

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments $ (3,841) $ 2,320

Change in fair value of loans held for sale

Value of restricted shares withheld for payment of taxes $ (44) (163)

Cash paid during the period for:

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

Capital Bancorp, Inc. is a Maryland corporation and bank holding company (the “Company”) for Capital Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”). The Company's primary operations are conducted by the Bank, which operates branches in Rockville and Columbia, Maryland; Reston, Virginia; and the District of Columbia. The Bank is principally engaged in the business of investing in commercial, real estate, and credit card loans and attracting deposits of those commercial and real estate loan customers. The Company originates residential mortgages for sale in the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loans, its residential mortgage banking arm, and issues credit cards through OpenSky®, a secured, digitally-driven, nationwide credit card platform.

The Company formed Church Street Capital, LLC (“Church Street Capital”) in 2014 to provide short-term secured real estate financing to Washington, D.C. area investors and developers that may not meet all Bank credit criteria.

In addition, the Company owns all of the stock of Capital Bancorp (MD) Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”). The Trust is a special purpose non-consolidated entity organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the activity of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank and Church Street Capital. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company reports its activities as a four business segments: commercial banking; mortgage lending; credit cards; and corporate activities. In determining the appropriateness of segment definition, the Company considers components of the business about which financial information is available and regularly evaluated relative to resource allocation and performance assessment. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and conform to general practices within the banking industry.

Significant Accounting Policies:

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The basis of the estimates is on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Cash and cash equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods.

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued)

Investment securities

Investment securities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. Premiums and discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the interest method. Changes in the fair value of debt securities available for sale are included in stockholder’s equity as unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect. Unrealized losses are periodically reviewed to determine whether the loss represents an other than temporary impairment. Any unrealized losses judged to be other than a temporary impairment will be charged to income.

Loans held for sale

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale are recorded at fair value, determined individually, as of the balance sheet date. Fair value is determined based on outstanding investor commitments, or in the absence of such commitments, based on current investor yield requirements. Gains and losses on loan sales are determined by the specific-identification method. The Company’s current practice is to sell residential mortgage loans on a servicing released basis, and, therefore, it has no intangible asset recorded for the value of such servicing. Interest on loans held for sale is credited to income based on the principal amounts outstanding.

Upon sale and delivery, loans are legally isolated from the Company and the Company has no ability to restrict or constrain the ability of third‐party investors to pledge or exchange the mortgage loans. The Company does not have the entitlement or ability to repurchase the mortgage loans or unilaterally cause third‐party investors to put the mortgage loans back to the Company. Unrealized and realized gains on loan sales are determined using the specific-identification method and are recognized through mortgage banking activity in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company elected to measure loans held for sale at fair value to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans on the Company’s balance sheet.

Portfolio loans and the allowance for loan losses

Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, adjusted for deferred origination fees, deferred origination costs, discounts on loans acquired, and the allowance for loan losses. Interest is accrued based on the loan principal balances and stated interest rates. Origination fees and costs are recognized as an adjustment to the related loan yield using approximate interest methods.

The Company has provided short-term deferrals of loan principal and/or interest payments for customers who have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Customers receiving payment deferrals must meet certain criteria, such as being in good standing and not more than 30 days past due prior to the pandemic. In most cases, the deferred principal and/or interest amounts will be collected at the end of the life of the loan and will not accrue additional interest. The granting of a deferral of principal and/or interest under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, which was enacted on March 27, 2020, and based on interagency guidelines, does not subject the loan to the past due, non-accrual, or troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) policies described below. Upon exiting the loan modification deferral program, the measurement of loan delinquency will resume based on the number of days of delinquency as at the date of modification. The following discussions of past due, non-accrual and TDR policies remain valid for situations not covered by the CARES Act.

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued)

Outstanding portfolio loans deferred due to COVID-19, which decreased by 86.9% percent from $30.5 million at December 31, 2020 to $4.0 million at December 31, 2021, are shown in the table below:

Loan Modifications (1)

(dollars in millions)

Deferred Loans Deferred Loans

Other Services Including Private Households 173.2 0.3 1 1.1 3

Educational Services 15.1 — — — —

Construction 263.1 — — — —

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 43.4 — — 1.4 3

Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 32.7 — — 0.7 2

Healthcare & Social Assistance 79.1 — — 0.9 1

Wholesale Trade 21.6 — — — —

The Company generally discontinues the accrual of interest when any portion of the principal and interest is 90 days past due and collateral is insufficient to discharge the debt in full. Generally, interest payments on nonaccrual loans are recorded as a reduction of the principal balance.

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information, management believes the Company will not collect all principal and interest payments according to contractual terms. Generally, loans are reviewed for impairment when the risk grade for a loan is downgraded to a classified asset category. The loans are evaluated for appropriate classification, accrual, impairment, and troubled debt restructure status. If collection of principal is evaluated as doubtful, all payments are applied to principal. A modification of a loan is considered a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession. The Company may consider interest rate reductions, changes to payment terms, extensions of maturities and/or principal reductions.

Loans are generally charged-off in part or in full when management determines the loan to be uncollectible. Factors for charge-off that may be considered include: repayments deemed to be projected beyond reasonable time frames, client bankruptcy and lack of assets, and/or collateral deficiencies.

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued)

The allowance for loan losses is estimated to adequately provide for probable future losses on existing loans. The allowance consists of specific and general components. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the collateral value, if the loan is collateral dependent, or the discounted cash flows of the impaired loan, is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of nonclassified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. There may be an unallocated component of the allowance, which reflects the margin of the imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the method for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. Actual loan performance may differ from those estimates. A loss is recognized as a charge to the allowance when management believes that collection of the loan is unlikely. Collections of loans previously charged off are added to the allowance at the time of recovery.

The components of the allowance for loan losses represent an estimation done pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 450, “Contingencies,” or ASC Topic 310,“Receivables.” Specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to a specific credit that management believes indicate the probability that a loss may be incurred. The process for determining an appropriate allowance for loan losses is based on a comprehensive, well-documented, and consistently applied analysis of the loan portfolio. The analysis considers significant factors that affect the collectibility of the portfolio and supports the loan losses estimated by this process. It is important to recognize that the related process, methodology, and underlying assumptions require a substantial degree of judgment.

Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate; however, determination of the allowance is inherently subjective and requires significant estimates. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. Evaluation of the potential effects of these factors on estimated losses involves a high degree of uncertainty, including the strength and timing of economic cycles and concerns over the effects of a prolonged economic downturn in the current cycle. In addition, various banking agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, and independent consultants engaged by the Bank, periodically review the Bank’s loan portfolio and allowance for loan losses. Such review may result in recognition of additions to the allowance based on their evaluation of information available to them at the time of their examination. The review of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses includes an assessment of the fair value adjustment for acquired loans in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Premises and equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related property generally over two to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the respective leases, which may include renewal options where management has the positive intent to exercise such options, or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is less. The costs of major renewals and improvements are capitalized with the corresponding costs associated with amortization or depreciation included as a component of occupancy and equipment expenses. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor replacements are charged to noninterest expenses as incurred.

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued)

Leases

The Company accounts for leases as detailed in Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 applies a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record, for all leases with a lease term of more than 12 months, an asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a liability to make lease payments. As provided by ASU 2016-02, the Company elected not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases, defined as leases with a term of 12 months or less, and to recognize the lease payments in net income for short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company enters into commitments to fund residential mortgage loans (interest rate locks) with the intention of selling them in the secondary market. The Company also enters into forward sales agreements for certain funded loans and loan commitments. Unfunded commitments intended for loans held for sale and forward sales agreements are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded as a component of mortgage banking revenue. Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value. For pipeline loans which are not pre-sold to an investor, the Company manages the interest rate risk on rate lock commitments by entering into forward sale contracts of mortgage backed securities, whereby the Company obtains the right to deliver securities to investors in the future at a specified price. Such contracts are accounted for as derivatives and are recorded at fair value as derivative assets or liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage banking revenue.

The Company has determined these derivative financial instruments do not meet the hedging criteria required by FASB ASC 815 and has not designated these derivative financial instruments as hedges. Accordingly, changes in fair value are recognized currently in income.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of management judgment involved in determining the fair value of a financial instrument is dependent upon the availability of quoted market prices or observable market inputs. For financial instruments that are traded actively and have quoted market prices or observable market inputs, there is minimal subjectivity involved in measuring fair value. However, when quoted market prices or observable market inputs are not fully available, significant management judgment may be necessary to estimate fair value. In developing our fair value estimates, we strive to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The fair value hierarchy defines Level 1 valuations as those based on quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 valuations include inputs based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 valuations are based on at least one significant assumption not observable in the market, or significant management judgment or estimation, some of which may be internally developed.

Financial assets that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include investment securities available for sale, loans held for sale, and derivative financial instruments. Financial liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are comprised of derivative financial instruments. See Note 17 - Fair Value.

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued)

Bank-owned life insurance

The Company had $35.5 million in bank-owned life insurance at December 31, 2021. The Company recognized income, which is included in other noninterest income, of $506 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company had no bank-owned life insurance during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Income Taxes

The Company employs the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes as required by ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities (i.e. temporary timing differences) and are measured at the enacted rates that will be in effect when these differences reverse. The Company utilizes statutory requirements for its income tax accounting, and limits risks associated with potentially problematic tax positions that may incur challenge upon audit, where an adverse outcome is more likely than not. Therefore, no provisions are necessary for either uncertain tax positions nor accompanying potential tax penalties and interest for underpayments of income taxes in the Company’s tax reserves. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company may establish a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in those cases where realization is less than certain.

Earnings per share

Earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock using the treasury stock method. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were 1,129 and 504,861 stock options, respectively, that were not included in the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Basic EPS

Comprehensive income

The Company reports as comprehensive income all changes in stockholders' equity during the year from sources other than stockholders. Other comprehensive income refers to all components (income, expenses, gains, and losses) of comprehensive income that are excluded from net income.

Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued)

The Company's only component of other comprehensive income is unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale, net of income taxes. Information concerning the Company's accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale $ (1,504) $ 2,337

Deferred tax benefit (expense) 428 (620)

Total accumulated comprehensive income (loss) $ (1,076) $ 1,717

Recently issued accounting pronouncements:

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance to change the accounting for loan losses and modify the impairment model for certain debt securities. In October 2019, the FASB voted to delay implementation and the new standard is now effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including the interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company expects the provisions of this standard to impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements, in particular, the level of the reserve for loan losses. The Company engaged a consultant to assist with the implementation of this ASU and has completed various milestones so as to ensure the timely implementation of the ASU. The Company plans to begin running parallel models during the first quarter of 2022 so as to refine assumptions, establish policy, complete model validation and identify expected financial statement impact. The Company will apply the amendments to the ASU through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. While early adoption was permitted, the Company did not elect that option. In addition to its allowance for loan losses, the Company will also record an allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities instead of applying the impairment model currently utilized. The amount of the adjustments will be impacted by each portfolio’s composition and credit quality at the adoption date as well as economic conditions and forecasts at that time.