BVS US Equity☆

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”). In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Some of the numbers included herein have been rounded for the convenience of presentation. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report. A discussion of the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 has been reported previously in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023, under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

Executive Summary

We are a global medical device company focused on developing and commercializing clinically differentiated, cost efficient and minimally invasive treatments that engage and enhance the body’s natural healing process. We operate our business through two reportable segments, U.S. and International, and our portfolio of products is grouped into three areas:

•Pain Treatments is comprised of non-surgical pain injection therapies as well as peripheral nerve stimulation (“PNS”) products to help the patient get back to their normal activities.

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•Surgical Solutions is comprised of bone graft substitutes (“BGS”) that increase bone formation to stimulate bone healing in spinal fusions and other orthopedic surgeries, as well as a portfolio of ultrasonic products used for precise bone cutting and sculpting, soft tissue management (i.e., tumor and liver resections) and tissue debridement, in various surgeries, including minimally invasive applications.

•Restorative Therapies is comprised of a bone stimulation system, as well as devices designed to help patients regain leg or hand function due to stroke, multiple sclerosis or other central nervous system disorders.

The following table sets forth total net sales, net (loss) income and Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

Years Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except for loss per share) 2023 2022

Loss per Class A common stock, basic and diluted

Continuing operations $ (1.54) $ (1.70)

Discontinued operations (0.95) (0.89)

Loss per Class A common stock, basic and diluted $ (2.49) $ (2.59)

(1)See below under Results of Operations-Adjusted EBITDA for a reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Significant transactions

Wound Business

On May 22, 2023, we closed the sale of certain assets within our Wound Business, including the TheraSkin and TheraGenesis products (collectively, the “Wound Business” or the “Disposal Group”), for potential consideration of $84.7 million, including $34.7 million at closing, $5.0 million deferred for 18 months and up to $45.0 million in potential earn-out payments (“Earn-out Payments”), which are based on the achievement of certain revenue thresholds by the purchaser of the Wound Business for sales of the TheraSkin and TheraGenesis products during the 2024, 2025 and 2026 fiscal years.

We incurred $3.9 million in transactional fees resulting from the sale of the Wound Business. The deconsolidation of the Disposal Group resulted in the recognition of a $1.5 million loss on disposal of a business recorded within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the year ended December 31, 2023. The proceeds were used to prepay $30.0 million of long-term debt principal obligations.

We evaluated the Wound Business for impairment prior to its sale and recorded a $78.6 million impairment within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income during the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of this evaluation to reduce the intangible assets of the Disposal Group to reflect their respective fair values, less any costs to sell. The fair value of the Disposal Group’s intangibles were determined based on the consideration received for the Wound Business.

CartiHeal

On July 12, 2022, we acquired 100% of CartiHeal (2009) Ltd. (“CartiHeal”), a privately held company headquartered in Israel and the developer of the proprietary Agili-C implant for the treatment of joint surface lesions in traumatic and osteoarthritic joints. We purchased CartiHeal (the “CartiHeal Acquisition”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $315.0 million and an additional $135.0 million, becoming payable after closing upon the achievement of a certain sales milestone (“Sales Milestone Consideration”). We paid $100.0 million of the aggregate purchase price upon closing, consisting of a $50.0 million escrow deposit and $50.0 million from a financing arrangement. We also paid approximately $8.6 million of CartiHeal’s transaction-related fees and expenses and deferred $215.0 million (“Deferred Amount”) of the aggregate purchase price otherwise due at closing until the earlier of the achievement of certain milestones or the occurrence of certain installment payment dates. We recognized a gain of $23.7 million due to the change in fair value of our equity method investment in CartiHeal as a result of the purchase during the third quarter of 2022. The gain was recognized in other income within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

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We previously entered into an Option and Equity Purchase Agreement with CartiHeal (“Option Agreement”) in July 2020. The Option Agreement provided us with an exclusive option to acquire 100% of CartiHeal’s shares (“Call Option”), and provided CartiHeal with a put option that would require us to purchase 100% of CartiHeal’s shares under certain conditions. In August 2021, CartiHeal achieved pivotal clinical trial success, as defined in the Option Agreement, for the Agili-C implant. In order to preserve our Call Option, in accordance with the Option Agreement and upon approval of the Board of Directors (“BOD”), we deposited $50.0 million into escrow in August 2021 for the potential acquisition of CartiHeal.

In April 2022, we exercised our Call Option to acquire all of the remaining shares of CartiHeal, excluding shares we already owned. Our decision to exercise the Call Option followed the FDA’s March 29, 2022 premarket approval of CartiHeal’s Agili-C implant. On June 17, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Option Agreement with CartiHeal (“CartiHeal Amendment”) and Elron Ventures Limited, in its capacity as the shareholder representative, that provided for deferred payment of the consideration for CartiHeal to be paid in multiple tranches, one of which was $50.0 million due upon the earliest to occur of the publication in a peer-reviewed orthopedic journal of an article that presents the results of the pivotal clinical trial (“First Paper Milestone”) or July 1, 2023.

Pursuant to the CartiHeal Amendment, we agreed to pay interest on each tranche of the Deferred Amount at a rate of 8.0% annually, until such tranche is paid.

The First Paper Milestone under the Option Agreement occurred on February 13, 2023, triggering our obligation to make the first $50.0 million payment, plus applicable interest, under the Option Agreement.

On February 27, 2023, we entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with Elron Ventures Ltd. (“Elron” and together with the Company, the “Parties”) as representative of CartiHeal’s selling securityholders under the Option Agreement collectively, the “Former Securityholders”). Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, Elron, on behalf of the Former Securityholders, agreed to forbear from initiating any legal action or proceedings relating to non-payment of any obligations arising under the Option Agreement during a period of 30 calendar days (the “Interim Period”) in exchange for (i) a one-time non-refundable amount of $10.0 million and (ii) a one-time non-refundable payment of $0.2 million to Elron to be used in accordance with the expense fund provisions of the Option Agreement. The Interim Period expired on March 29, 2023 and we did not exercise our right to extend the Interim Period. In addition, the Parties mutually released any further claims under the Option Agreement and related transaction documents, including without limitation a release by the Former Securityholders of any rights to enforce the provisions of the Option Agreement or make further monetary claims against us and/or our respective affiliates and representatives.

Upon execution of the Settlement Agreement, we transferred 100% of our shares in CartiHeal to a trustee (the “Trustee”) for the benefit of the Former Securityholders. We had no ownership interest and no voting rights during the Interim Period. We have concluded that upon execution of the Settlement Agreement, the Company ceased to control CartiHeal for accounting purposes, and therefore, deconsolidated CartiHeal (the “Deconsolidation”, or “Disposal”) effective February 27, 2023. We treated the Disposal as a discontinued operation. The loss upon disposal totaled $60.6 million and was recorded within loss from discontinued operations, net.

Credit and Guaranty Agreement

On July 11, 2022, we amended our Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of December 6, 2019 (as previously amended on August 29, 2021 and October 29, 2021) in conjunction with the CartiHeal Acquisition to, among other things, provide for an $80.0 million term loan facility (“Term Loan Facility”). On March 31, 2023, we further amended our Credit and Guaranty Agreement to, among other things, modify certain financial covenant provisions, waive the noncompliance at December 31, 2022 and increase the applicable interest rate. We were in compliance as of December 31, 2023 with the financial covenants as stated within the Credit and Guaranty Agreement. On January 18, 2024, we further amended our Credit and Guaranty Agreement to modify certain financial covenants. Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Facilities for further information.

MOTYS Update

During the second quarter of 2022, prior to obtaining the results from our Phase 2 trial, we elected to discontinue the development of MOTYS to focus our resources on other priorities, including the integration of our 2021 and 2022 acquisitions and our expanded R&D and product development portfolio we inherited with these acquisitions. We incurred $1.0 million and $4.3 million in expenditures during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to MOTYS. No further costs are expected on MOTYS.

Consolidated Appropriations Act

In July 2022, in connection with the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (“CAA”), the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) began utilizing new pricing information the Company reported to it pursuant to the newly adopted reporting obligations to adjust the Medicare payment to healthcare providers using our Durolane and Gelsyn-3 products.

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Components of our results of operations

Net sales

We generate net sales from a portfolio of active healing products that serve physicians spanning the orthopedic continuum, including sports medicine, total joint reconstruction, hand and upper extremities, foot and ankle, podiatric surgery, trauma, spine and neurosurgery. We report sales net of contractual allowances, rebates and returns.

We sell our products primarily through our direct sales team, who manage and maintain the sales relationship with healthcare providers, distribution centers or specialty pharmacies. Certain surgical products are sold through independent distributors to hospitals so our neurosurgeon and orthopedic spine surgeon customers can use them in procedures. In certain international markets, we also sell to independent distributors on prearranged business terms, who manage or maintain the sales relationship with their physician customers. Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 2. Significant accounting policies for further information.

We generally recognize revenue at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer, for example, when the product is shipped to the customer, when the patient has accepted the product or upon consumption in a surgical procedure.

Cost of sales

Our cost of sales primarily consists of costs of products purchased from our third-party suppliers, direct labor and allocated overhead associated with manufacturing and assembly, excess and obsolete inventory charges, shipping, inspection and related costs incurred in making our products available for sale or use. In addition, cost of sales includes depreciation related to production as well as amortization of product-related intellectual property and distribution rights associated with commercialized products. Certain products are manufactured by or obtained from third-party suppliers primarily located in Japan, Switzerland, Sweden and the United States.

Gross profit and gross margin

Gross profit consists of net sales less cost of sales. We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including costs of products purchased from our third-party suppliers, manufacturing costs, product mix and implementation over time of cost-reduction strategies. We expect net sales and product mix to vary quarter by quarter and therefore our gross profit will likely fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

Selling, general and administrative expense

Selling, general and administrative expense primarily consists of salaries, benefits and other related costs, including equity-based compensation, for personnel employed in sales, marketing, finance, legal, compliance, administrative, information technology, medical education and training, quality and human resource departments. Selling, general and administrative expense also includes third-party marketing, supply chain and distribution, product recall costs, information technology, legal, human resources, insurance and facilities expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses also include commissions, generally based on a percentage of sales, to our direct sales team and independent distributors. We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase with the continued expansion of our sales organization and commercialization of our current and pipeline products. We plan to hire more personnel to support the growth of our business. However, over time, as we grow our net sales, we expect selling, general and administrative expenses to decline as a percentage of net sales.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense primarily consists of employee compensation, equity compensation and related expenses, as well as contract research organization service expenses related to clinical trials. We expense internal research and development costs as incurred and research and development costs incurred by third parties as they perform contracted work. Our research and development expenses may vary substantially from period to period based on the timing of research and development activities. We are focused on internal research and development to broaden our portfolio across all products and undertake clinical research to support their commercialization. As a result, we expect our research and development expenses to vary from low to the mid-single digits as a percentage of net sales as we introduce new products, extend existing product lines and expand indications. We see significant opportunity to develop innovative and clinically differentiated products in-house with our experienced research and development team. Clinical and preclinical development timelines, the probability of success and development costs can differ materially from expectations.

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Restructuring costs

We have restructured portions of our operations and future restructuring activities are possible. Identifying and calculating the cost to exit operations requires certain assumptions to be made, the most significant of which are anticipated future liabilities. Although our estimates have been reasonably accurate in the past, significant judgment is required, and these estimates and assumptions may change as additional information becomes available and facts or circumstances change. Restructuring costs are recorded at estimated fair value. Key assumptions in determining the restructuring costs include negotiated terms and payments to terminate contractual obligations.

Restructuring costs primarily consist of employee severance, legal, consulting and temporary labor expenses. Restructuring costs recorded in 2023 and 2022 are the result of: i) aligning our organizational and management cost structure to improve profitability and cash flow; and ii) headcount reductions related to 2021 acquisitions. Restructuring costs recorded in 2021 were the result of headcount reductions related to acquisitions.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation expense primarily consists of depreciation of computer equipment and software as well as demonstration and consignment inventory, leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures, machinery and equipment. Amortization expense primarily consists of amortization expense related to customer relationships and other intangible assets.

Interest expense

Interest expense primarily consists of interest on our indebtedness, which currently consists of our term loan and revolving credit facility, which was incurred pursuant to the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement. We have previously entered into interest rate swaps to limit our exposure to changes in the variable interest rate on our term loan. Interest expense includes any fair value gain or losses on these swaps.

Other expense (income)

Other expense (income) primarily consists of foreign currency transaction and remeasurement gains and losses on transactions denominated in currencies other than our functional currency. Our foreign currency transaction and remeasurement gains and losses are primarily related to foreign currency denominated cash, liabilities and intercompany receivables and payables. Other expense (income) may also include certain nonrecurring items.

Income tax expense

The Company’s subsidiary, Bioventus LLC (“BV LLC”), is a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes. Accordingly, the members include the profits and losses of BV LLC in their income tax returns. Certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of BV LLC are taxable entities for U.S. or foreign tax purposes and file tax returns in their local jurisdictions. Bioventus Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes at the prevailing corporate tax rates with respect to our taxable income. In addition to tax expenses, we are obligated to make payments under the TRA, which could be significant. The TRA obligates us to pay to the Continuing LLC Owner 85% of the amount of any realized tax benefits (or in some circumstances are deemed to realize) resulting from (i) increases in the tax basis of assets of BV LLC as a result of (a) any future redemptions or exchanges of LLC Interests and (b) certain distributions (or deemed distributions) by BV LLC and (ii) certain other tax benefits arising from our making payments under the TRA. For more information, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 11. Income taxes for additional information.

Income tax expense includes U.S. federal, state and international income taxes, including certain taxes applicable to BV LLC. Certain income and expense items in income tax returns are not reported in the same year as financial statements. We report the income tax effects of these differences as deferred income taxes. Valuation allowances recognized reduce the related deferred tax assets to an amount which will, more likely than not, be realized. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Adjusted EBITDA

We present Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, because we believe it is a useful indicator that management uses as a measure of operating performance as well as for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and financial projections. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to our investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies in industries similar to ours. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net (loss) income from continuing operations before depreciation and amortization, provision of income taxes and interest expense, net, adjusted for the impact of certain cash, non-cash and other items that we do not consider in our evaluation of ongoing operating performance. These items include acquisition and related costs, impairment of goodwill, impairment of assets, restructuring and succession charges, equity compensation expense, financial restructuring costs, loss on disposal of a business and other items. Adjusted EBITDA by segment is comprised of net sales and costs directly attributable to a segment, as well as an allocation of corporate overhead costs primarily based on a ratio of net sales by segment to total consolidated net sales.

Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These measures might exclude certain normal recurring expenses. Therefore, these measures might not provide a complete understanding of the Company's performance and should be reviewed in conjunction with the U.S. GAAP financial measures. Additionally, other companies might define their non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of the non-GAAP measure provided in this Annual Report, including in all tables referencing Adjusted EBITDA, to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Results of Continuing Operations

The following table sets forth components of our consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of net sales for the periods presented:

Years Ended December 31,

Cost of sales (including depreciation and amortization) 35.9 % 35.4 %

Selling, general and administrative expense 59.4 % 64.9 %

Research and development expense 2.6 % 4.7 %

Restructuring costs 0.2 % 1.3 %

Change in fair value of contingent consideration 0.1 % 0.2 %

Depreciation and amortization 1.7 % 1.9 %

Impairment of assets 15.4 % — %

Impairment of goodwill — % 24.3 %

Loss on disposals 0.7 % — %

Operating loss (16.0 %) (32.7 %)

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

Years Ended December 31,

Income tax expense (benefit), net 85 (44,374)

Restructuring and succession charges(c) 2,331 7,453

Financial restructuring costs(e) 7,291 —

Impairment of goodwill(g) — 124,697

Loss on disposal of a business(h) 1,539 —

(a)Includes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, depreciation and amortization of $48,503 and $45,622 in cost of sales and $8,862 and $9,776 in operating expenses presented in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

(b)Includes acquisition and integration costs related to completed acquisitions, amortization of inventory step-up associated with acquired entities, loss on disposal of fixed assets related to acquired businesses, and changes in fair value of contingent consideration.

(c)Costs incurred were the result of adopting restructuring plans to reduce headcount, contract termination, reorganize management structure and consolidate certain facilities.

(d)Includes compensation expense resulting from awards granted under our equity-based compensation plans. The year ended December 31, 2023 includes the reversal of equity compensation expenses totaling $3.8 million related to the transition of our executive leadership.

(e)Financial restructuring costs include advisory fees and debt amendment related costs.

(f)Represents a non-cash impairment charge for intangible assets attributable to our Wound Business due to its divestiture during the year ended December 31, 2023. Represents asset impairment charges on Trice Medical, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(g)Represents a non-cash impairment charge due to the decline in the Company’s market capitalization.

(h)Represents the loss on the disposal of the Wound Business.

(i)Other items primarily includes charges associated with strategic transactions, such as potential acquisitions or divestitures, projects associated with improving business capabilities/efficiencies and costs attributable to MOTYS. During the 2022 fiscal year, prior to obtaining the results from our Phase 2 trial, we elected to discontinue the development of MOTYS to focus our resources on other priorities, including the integration of our acquisitions and our expanded R&D and product development portfolio we inherited with these acquisitions. We incurred $1.0 million and $4.3 million in costs during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to MOTYS. No further costs are expected on MOTYS.

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Net sales

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

U.S.

International

U.S.

Net sales decreased $5.4 million, or 1.2%, compared to the prior year. Changes by major product groups were: (i) Pain Treatments—$3.1 million increase due to volume partially offset with lower reported ASP during most of 2023, thereby generating lower reimbursement levels; (ii) Restorative Therapies—$17.4 million net sales decrease due primarily to the divestiture of our Wound Business; and (iii) Surgical Solutions—$8.8 million net sales increase due to volume growth.

International

Net sales increased $5.6 million, or 9.9%, due to volume growth in Pain Treatments and Surgical Solutions, partially offset with a volume decline in Restorative Therapies from advanced rehabilitation.

Gross profit and gross margin

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Years Ended December 31,

U.S.

Gross profit decreased $2.4 million, or 0.8%, primarily due to the divestiture of our Wound Business, the decrease in selling price within Pain Treatments and an increase in cost of sales due to inventory write-offs. The change in gross margin included a decrease from product mix and selling price, offset with a decrease in rebates and the absence of amortization of acquisition related assets in 2022 compared with 2023.

International

Gross profit remained consistent with prior period. Gross margin decreased due to product mix.

Selling, general and administrative expense

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

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Selling, general and administrative expense decreased $28.3 million, or 8.5%, primarily due to a decrease in equity-based compensation of $14.5 million due to employee turnover and the decline in stock price and cost saving initiatives. These initiatives resulted in a decrease of $7.3 million in other administrative and marketing related costs and a decline of $6.3 million in bad debt due to increased collections.

Research and development expense

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Research and development expense decreased $10.4 million, or 43.6%, primarily due to: (i) a decrease of $8.2 million in consulting costs; (ii) a decline of $1.0 million in supplies expense due to cost reduction efforts; and (iii) a decrease of $0.4 million in equity-based compensation due to employee turnover.

Restructuring costs

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily included costs incurred as a result of an initiative to align the Company’s organizational and management cost structure to improve profitability and cash flow through headcount reduction and reducing third-party related costs. Costs incurred for the year ended December 31, 2022 included costs to reduce headcount, reorganize management structure and to consolidate certain facilities for acquired businesses.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Change in fair value of contingent consideration $ 719 $ 1,102 $ (383) (34.8 %)

The fair value of contingent consideration during year ended December 31, 2023 remained consistent with the prior year comparable period. The activity for both periods relates to contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of Bioness in March 2021.

Depreciation and amortization

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Depreciation and amortization decreased during year ended December 31, 2023 compared with the prior year primarily due to: (i) the impairment of intellectual property intangible assets associated with the Wound Business, which was divested during the second quarter of 2023; and (ii) a decline in amortization for certain customer relationships that became fully amortized during the first quarter of 2023. These decreases were partially offset with an increase in depreciation expense for information technology assets, right-of-use assets associated with finance leases and consignment and demo assets.

Impairment of assets

Our decision to divest the Wound Business required us to evaluate whether certain of its assets were impaired. We recorded a $78.6 million non-cash impairment charge as a result of this evaluation to reduce the intangible assets to their fair values less costs to sell. The fair value of intangibles of the Wound Business was determined based on the consideration offered for the Wound Business.

Impairment of goodwill

We concluded that the carrying value of the U.S. reporting unit exceeded its fair value and recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $189.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, of which $124.7 million was recorded in the impairment of assets and $64.5 million in loss on discontinued operations, net of tax, respectively, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

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Loss on disposals

The loss on disposals during the year ended December 31, 2023 resulted from $1.5 million in working capital adjustments associated with the sale of our Wound Business and a $2.0 million loss on fixed assets disposed of during the integration of acquisitions.

Other (income) expense

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Interest expense, net increased $28.7 million due to: (i) an increase in interest of $16.0 million due to higher interest rates; (ii) the absence of $6.4 million benefit resulting from the change in fair value of our interest rate swap, which was discontinued during the fourth quarter of 2022; (iii) an increase of $3.9 million due to higher margin rates on our Term Loan; (iv) a $0.9 million increase in amortization of discount and deferred financing costs; and (v) an increase of $0.8 million in lease finance interest expense.

Other (income) expense changed $11.1 million due to the $10.3 million impairment of the Trice Medical, Inc. investment during 2022 and the receipt of $1.5 million from the settlement of a legal claim during 2023, partially offset with changes in foreign currency.

Income tax expense (benefit), net

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

The $44.5 million change in income taxes was driven by movement in net losses before income taxes and the implementation of a full valuation allowance during the first quarter of 2023.

Noncontrolling interest

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Other noncontrolling interest — 447 (447) (100.0 %)

Subsequent to the IPO and related transactions, we are the sole managing member of BV LLC in which we own 80.0%. We have a majority economic interest, the sole voting interest in, and control the management of BV LLC. As a result, we consolidate the financial results of BV LLC and report a non-controlling interest representing the 20.0% that is owned by the Continuing LLC Owner.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for each of our reportable segments is as follows:

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

U.S.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $22.2 million, or 39.2%, primarily due to cost saving initiatives, a reduction in bad debt and declines in administrative and travel expenses as previously discussed, partially offset with lower gross profit.

International

Adjusted EBITDA decreased $1.9 million primarily due to increased compensation costs and a slight decline in gross profit.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of liquidity

Our principal liquidity needs have historically been for acquisitions, working capital, research and development, clinical trials, and capital expenditures. We expect these needs to continue as we develop and commercialize new products and further our expansion into international markets.

We have implemented previously announced restructuring initiatives to enhance our current financial position and sources of liquidity. These restructuring efforts delivered $9.0 million to $10.0 million in cost savings on an annualized basis. Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 10. Restructuring costs for further details regarding these cost cutting efforts.

We anticipate that to the extent that we require additional liquidity, we will obtain funding through additional equity financings or the incurrence of other indebtedness or a combination of these potential sources of liquidity. We may explore divestiture opportunities for non-core assets to improve our liquidity position. In addition, we may raise additional funds to finance future cash needs through receivables or royalty financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, our stockholders will experience dilution. The covenants under the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement limit our ability to obtain additional debt financing. Debt financing, if allowed under the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement and if available, would result in increased payment obligations and might involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, or making capital expenditures. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it might be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to our products, future revenue streams or product candidates, or to grant licenses on terms that might not be favorable to us. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Any failure to raise capital in the future might have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategies.

Initial public offering

On February 16, 2021, in connection with our IPO, we issued and sold 9,200,000 shares of our Class A common stock at a price to the public of $13.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds to us of approximately $119.6 million, before deducting the underwriting discount, commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Bioventus Inc. is a holding company and has no material assets other than the ownership of LLC Interests in BV LLC and has no independent means of generating revenue. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings, or cash flow of BV LLC and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair their ability to pay such distributions. In addition, the terms of our financing arrangements, including the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement, contain covenants that may restrict BV LLC and its subsidiaries from paying such distributions, subject to certain exceptions. Further, BV LLC is generally prohibited under Delaware law from making a distribution to a member to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, liabilities of BV LLC (with certain exceptions), as applicable, exceed the fair value of its assets. Subsidiaries of BV LLC are generally subject to similar legal limitations on their ability to make distributions to BV LLC. Bioventus Inc., as the managing member, causes BV LLC to make cash distributions to the owners of LLC Interests in an amount sufficient to (i) fund tax obligations in respect of allocations of taxable income from BV LLC; and (ii) cover Bioventus Inc. operating expenses, including payments under the TRA.

Future cash requirements

The following table summarizes certain estimated future cash requirements under our various contractual obligations committed to as of December 31, 2023 in total and disaggregated into current and long-term obligations.

(in thousands) Current Long-Term Total

(a)Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 5. Financial instruments in this Annual Report for further information regarding long-term debt obligations.

(b)Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 12. Commitments and contingencies in this Annual Report for further information regarding operating and finance lease liabilities.

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(c)Amounts that are contractually committed to as of December 31, 2023 related to multi-year exclusive supply agreements. Generally, our purchase obligations under these supply agreements are based on forecasted requirements, subject in some cases to an annual contractual minimum.

Other cash requirements

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with various third parties for development, collaboration and other services for operating purposes. These contracts provide for termination upon notice. Payments due upon cancellation generally consist only of payments for services provided or expenses incurred, including non-cancellable obligations of our service providers, up to the date of cancellation. Certain agreements include contingent events that upon occurrence would require payment. For information regarding Commitments and Contingencies, refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in this Annual Report.

Tax Receivable Agreement

The BV LLC Agreement provides for the payment of certain distributions to the Continuing LLC Owner in amounts sufficient to cover the income taxes imposed with respect to the allocation of taxable income from BV LLC as well as obligations within the TRA. Under the TRA, we are required to make cash payments to the Continuing LLC Owner equal to 85% of the tax benefits, if any, that we actually realize (or in certain circumstances are deemed to realize), as a result of (1) increases in the tax basis of assets of BV LLC resulting from (a) any future redemptions or exchanges of LLC Interests, and (b) certain distributions (or deemed distributions) by BV LLC and (2) certain other tax benefits arising from payments under the TRA. We expect the amount of the cash payments required to be made under the TRA will be significant. The actual amount and timing of any payments under the TRA will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of redemptions or exchanges by the Continuing LLC Owner, the amount of gain recognized by the Continuing LLC Owner, the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future, and the federal tax rates then applicable. Any payments made by us to the Continuing LLC Owner under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the TRA for any reason, such payments generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the TRA and therefore accelerate payments due under the TRA.

Indebtedness

Our 2019 Credit Agreement (as amended on August 29, 2021 and October 29, 2021), and in effect from October 29, 2021 to July 11, 2022, consisted of a $360.8 million term loan (“Term Loan”) and a $50.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”). On July 11, 2022, we amended the 2019 Credit Agreement in conjunction with the CartiHeal Acquisition to provide for an incremental $80.0 million term loan facility (together with the Term Loan, the “Term Loan Facilities”) to be used in part to fund the CartiHeal Acquisition.

The Company was not in compliance with certain of its covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement in effect as of December 31, 2022. As a result, on March 31, 2023, we entered into another amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement to, among other things, modify certain financial covenants, waive the noncompliance at December 31, 2022 and modify interest rates applicable to borrowings under the agreement. We were in compliance with the financial covenants as of December 31, 2023 as stated within the 2019 Credit Agreement then in effect.

On January 18, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), we further amended the 2019 Credit Agreement (collectively, with the August 2021, October 2021, July 2022 and March 2023 amendments, the “Amended 2019 Credit Agreement”), to modify certain financial covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement.

With respect to Term Loan Facilities and the Revolver outstanding as of the Closing Date, we may elect either SOFR or Base Rate interest rate options for the entire amount or certain portions of the loans and have interest rates equal to a formula driven base interest rate plus a margin, tied to a leverage ratio. The leverage ratio is the ratio of debt to Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA as defined in the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement for four consecutive quarters as of the end of each period. Pursuant to the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement, the margin at each applicable leverage ratio will be increased by 1.00% per annum. SOFR loans and base rate loans had a margin of 3.25% and 2.25%, respectively, subsequent to July 11, 2022 and prior to March 31, 2023. As of the March 2023 amendment, SOFR loans and base rate loans had a margin of 4.25% and 3.25%, respectively. All obligations under the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and certain wholly owned subsidiaries where substantially all the assets of the Company collateralize the obligations.

The Term Loan Facilities will mature on October 29, 2026. The Revolver will mature on October 29, 2025. The capacity on the Revolver was reduced to $43.2 million at December 31, 2023 and will be further reduced by $5.0 million at June 30, 2024 in accordance with the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement.

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The Amended 2019 Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including those related to financial reporting and notification, restrictions on the declaration or payment of certain distributions on or in respect of Bioventus LLC’s equity interests, restrictions on acquisitions, investments and certain other payments, limitations on the incurrence of new indebtedness, limitations on transfers, sales and other dispositions of assets of Bioventus LLC and its subsidiaries, as well as limitations on making changes to the business and organizational documents of Bioventus LLC and its subsidiaries. Financial covenant requirements include: (i) a maximum debt leverage ratio of not greater than 5.65 to 1.00 for the testing period ending March 31, 2024, 5.00 to 1.00 for the testing period ending June 30, 2024, 4.75 to 1.00 for the testing period ending September 30, 2024, 4.50 to 1.00 for the testing period ending December 31, 2024, 4.25 to 1.00 for testing period ending March 31, 2025, 4.00 to 1.00 for testing period ending June 30, 2025 and each testing period thereafter, and, beginning with the testing period ending March 31, 2025, to be subject to a temporary increase to 4.50 to 1.00 upon certain events, and (ii) an interest coverage ratio not less than 1.75 to 1.00 for the testing period ending March 31, 2024, 1.75 to 1.00 for the testing period ending June 30, 2024, 1.75 to 1.00 for the testing period ending September 30, 2024, 2.00 to 1.00 for the testing period ending December 31, 2024, 2.00 to 1.00 for the testing period ending March 31, 2025, 2.25 to 1.00 for the testing period ending June 30, 2025, 2.50 to 1.00 for the testing period ending September 20, 2025 and 3.00 to 1.00 for the testing period ending December 31, 2025 and each testing period thereafter. In addition, during the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending upon the satisfaction of certain conditions occurring not prior to October 29, 2025, the Company will be subject to certain additional requirements and covenants, including a requirement to maintain Liquidity (as defined in the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement) of not less than $10.0 million as of the end of each calendar month during such period.

Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 5. Financial instruments in this Annual Report for further details on the Company’s indebtedness.

Information regarding cash flows

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 totaled $37.0 million, compared to $30.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The change in cash was primarily due to the following:

Years Ended December 31, Change

(in thousands, except for percentage) 2023 2022 $ %

Cash flows from continuing operations:

Operating Activities

Net cash in operating activities from continuing operations increased $28.9 million, primarily due to lower employee compensation and cost reduction efforts. These inflows were partially offset with an increase in interest payments, taxes and inventory payments.

Investing Activities

Net cash flows in investing activities from continuing operations increased $38.9 million, primarily due to the $34.7 million receipt of cash resulting from the sale of the Wound Business, $2.7 million less in capital expenditures and $1.5 million less in other investments and acquisitions in 2023.

Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities decreased $88.7 million, primarily due to: (i) borrowings of $79.7 million in long-term debt to fund the acquisition of CartiHeal in 2022; (ii) an increase of $18.2 million in debt principal payments; and (iii) $5.0 million less in proceeds from the issuance of stock as there were significantly more option exercises in 2022. These financing outflows were partially offset with $15.0 million in net additional borrowings under our revolving credit facility in 2023.

Discontinued Operations

Net cash flows from discontinued operations in 2023 were primarily the result of $10.2 million in fees used to settle the CartiHeal disposition and $1.4 million in cash held by the CartiHeal entity at the time of disposal. Net cash flows from discontinued operations in 2022 primarily related to the $104.8 million purchase of CartiHeal.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 2. Significant accounting policies for information regarding accounting pronouncements that may impact our financial statements in future periods.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting periods. Certain of our more critical accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our judgments, including those related to inventories and the recoverability of long-lived assets. We use historical experience and other assumptions as the basis for our judgments in making these estimates. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Any changes in these estimates will be reflected in our consolidated financial statements as they occur. Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 2. Significant accounting policies for a further description of our significant accounting policies, however, we believe that the following accounting estimates are considered critical to our business in order to obtain a full understanding and to evaluate our reported financial results. The critical accounting estimates addressed below reflect our most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue recognition estimates

Variable consideration estimates

We recognize revenue generally at a point in time upon transfer of control of the promised product to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. We exclude taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities from revenues.

Revenues are recorded at the transaction price, which is determined as the contracted price net of estimates of variable consideration resulting from discounts, rebates, returns, chargebacks, contractual allowances, estimated third-party payer settlements, and certain distribution and administration fees offered in customer contracts and other indirect customer contracts relating to the sale of products. We establish reserves for the estimated variable consideration based on the amounts earned or eligible for claim on the related sales. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes, which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experiences, current contractual requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. The amount of variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. We regularly review all reserves and update them at the end of each reporting period as needed. There were no significant adjustments arising from the change in estimates of variable consideration for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts receivable allowances for credit losses

We maintain allowances for credit losses to provide for receivables we do not expect to collect. We base the allowance on an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables and other information as applicable.

Fair value

We record certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value is described below. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities are categorized based on the lowest level that is significant to the valuation.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

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•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

Business combinations

We record identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in an acquiree resulting from a business combination at their estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. We generally have third-party valuations completed for intangible assets in a business combination using a discounted cash flow analysis, incorporating various assumptions. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. The most significant estimates and assumptions inherent in a discounted cash flow analysis include the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, discount rate used to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, assessment of the asset’s life cycle, and competitive and other trends impacting the asset, including consideration of technical, legal, regulatory, economic and other factors. Each of these factors and assumptions can significantly affect the value of the intangible asset.

Acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) is the fair value of projects for which the related products have not received regulatory approval and have no alternative future use and is capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. Due to inherent uncertainty related to research and development, actual results could differ materially from the assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model. Additionally, there are risks including, but not limited to, delay or failure to receive regulatory requirements to conduct clinical trials, required market clearances, or patent issuance, and that the research and development project does not result in a successful commercial product.

Contingent consideration

We recognize contingent consideration liabilities resulting from business combinations at estimated fair value on the acquisition date, and at each subsequent reporting period. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of the estimates and assumptions as of the acquisition date and in post-acquisition periods. The Company initially values contingent consideration related to business combinations using a probability-weighted calculation of potential payment scenarios discounted at rates reflective of the risks associated with the expected future cash flows. Significant estimates and assumptions required for these valuations include the probability of achieving regulatory approval under specified time frames, product sales projections under various scenarios and discount rates used to calculate the present value of the estimated payments. After the initial valuation, the Company will use its best estimate to measure contingent consideration at each subsequent reporting period. Gains and losses are recorded with selling, general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets

We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We analyze all other indefinite-lived intangible assets qualitatively to determine if it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If we meet the criteria, we perform a quantitative analysis to determine if an impairment exists. Our reporting units are U.S. and International and we analyze each reporting unit separately in our impairment evaluations.

Our impairment process includes applying a quantitative impairment analysis to the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to its carrying value. We used independent third-party valuation specialists in 2023 and 2022 using year-to-date October data in each year to assist management in performing our annual impairment evaluation. We determine the fair value of U.S. and International reporting units based primarily on an income approach, which incorporates the use of a discounted free cash flow analysis. The discounted free cash flow analysis is based on significant judgments, including the current operating budgets, estimated long-term growth projections and future forecasts for each reporting unit. We discount future cash flows based on a market comparable weighted average cost of capital rate for each reporting unit. The discount rates used in the discounted free cash flow analyses reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows generated by the respective intangible assets. Market risk, industry risk and a small company premium has an impact on the discount rate. The value of each reporting unit is determined on a stand-alone basis from the perspective of a market participant and represents the price we estimate we would receive in a sale of the reporting unit in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include estimating the amount and timing of future cash flows and the selection of appropriate discount rates, royalty rate and long-term growth rate assumptions. Changes in estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit and could result in an impairment charge, which could be material to our financial position and results of operations.

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On November 8, 2022, due to a significant decline in the value of our Class A common stock, circumstances became evident that a possible impairment existed as of the third quarter balance sheet date. We concluded that the carrying value of the U.S. reporting unit exceeded its fair value. We recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge within the U.S. reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2022. The impairment was recorded within impairment of goodwill on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. There were no goodwill impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021. Refer to Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 3. Balance sheet information.

Equity-based compensation

Equity-based compensation expense generated from the granting of restricted stock units represents the fair value of the stock measured at the market price on the date of grant. Restricted stock equity-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period.

The fair value of time-based stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with such value recognized as expense over the service period, net of actual forfeitures. Assumptions used in determining stock option fair value include risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield, expected price volatility, expected life of stock options and weighted-average fair value of stock options granted. The expected term of the options granted is estimated using the simplified method. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our peers’ common stock. The risk-free interest rate is determined based upon a constant U.S. Treasury security rate with a contractual life that approximates the expected term of the option.

Prior to the IPO, we operated two equity-based compensation plans, the Management Incentive Plan (“MIP”) and the Phantom Profits Interest Plan (“Phantom Plans”). We used independent third-party valuation specialists in 2020 using year-to-date October data in each year to assist management in performing the annual valuation of MIP and 2015 Phantom Plan Units. We utilized valuation specialists in April 2020 as we believed COVID-19 represented a triggering event that might indicate impairment. The specialists assisted management in the determination of the fair value of the awards granted using the Monte Carlo option pricing model. The subjective assumptions and the application of judgment in determining the fair value of the awards represent management’s best estimates. The most significant assumptions utilized in the MIP and Phantom Plan were expected volatility, time outstanding, risk-free rate and expected dividend yield. Expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of our peer group. The risk-free rate was based on U.S. Government Constant Maturity Treasury rates for a term corresponding to the amount of time the awards were expected to be outstanding. The expected dividend yield assumption had the rate of zero as we have not previously issued dividends and did not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

Income taxes

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, we update our estimate of our annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment in such period. The quarterly tax provision, and estimate of our annual effective tax rate, are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in pre-tax income (or loss), the mix of jurisdictions to which such income relates, changes in how we conduct business, and tax law developments.

We maintain a valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets that we have determined are not more-likely-than-not to be realizable and assess the need for an adjustment to this valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. The assessment is based on estimates of future sources of taxable income for the jurisdictions in which we operate and the periods over which deferred tax assets will be realizable. In the event we determine we will be able to realize all or part of the net deferred tax assets in the future, all or part of the valuation allowance will be reversed in the period it is determined. The release of all or part of the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets may cause greater volatility in the effective tax rate in the periods in which it is reversed.

We recognize a tax benefit from any uncertain tax positions only if they are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. The amount of the accrual for which an exposure exists is measured as the largest amount of benefit determined on a cumulative probability basis that we believe is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the position. Components of the reserve, if relevant, are classified as a current or noncurrent liability in the consolidated balance sheet based on when we expect each of the items to be settled. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense.

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Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, reduced disclosure obligations relating to the presentation of financial statements in the “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” section and exemptions from the requirements of holding advisory “say-on-pay” votes on executive compensation and shareholder advisory votes on golden parachute compensation. We have availed ourselves of the reduced reporting obligations and executive compensation disclosure in this Annual Report and expect to continue to avail ourselves of the reduced reporting obligations available to emerging growth companies in future filings.

In addition, an emerging growth company can delay its adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we are choosing to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, we plan to comply with any new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which non-emerging growth companies must adopt such standards. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

We will continue to qualify as an emerging growth company until the earliest of:

•The last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of our IPO;

•The last day of our fiscal year in which have annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more;

•The date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt;

•The date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer”, which will occur at such time as we (1) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, (2) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months, (3) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act, and (4) are not eligible to use the requirements for smaller reporting companies as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (annual revenue less than $100 million and either no public float or a public float of less than $700 million).

Additionally, we are considered a “smaller reporting company,” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, which was determined as of the last day of our second fiscal quarter of 2023 (a “determination date”). We will continue to be categorized as a smaller reporting company—accelerated filer until our public float reaches $250 million at a future determination date.

If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations including regarding executive compensation.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk

We are exposed to various market risks, which may result in potential losses arising from adverse changes in market rates, such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We use derivative instruments to manage exposures to interest rates and foreign currencies. Derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value at each balance sheet date. We have elected the fair value method of accounting and do not designate whether the derivative instrument is an effective hedge of an asset, liability or firm commitment. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income in the period incurred.

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Interest rate risk

Our cash and cash equivalents balance as of December 31, 2023 consisted of demand deposits and institutional money market funds held in U.S. and foreign banks. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investment securities with original maturities on the date of purchase of three months or less and can be exchanged for a known amount of cash. We are exposed to the market risk related to fluctuations in interest rates and market prices for our cash equivalents. We are also exposed to interest rate risk in connection with borrowings under our Amended 2019 Credit Agreement, which bear interest at a floating rate based on one-month SOFR plus an applicable borrowing margin. As of December 31, 2023, a 1.0% increase in interest rate would result in $9.7 million increase in total interest payable over the remaining life of the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement in the event we were to draw down the entire capacity of our revolving credit facility. For variable rate debt, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair value of the Amended 2019 Credit Agreement, but impact future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are constant. In the ordinary course of business, we may enter into contractual arrangements to reduce our exposure to interest rate risks, subject to any applicable limitations in our financing arrangements.

We had an interest rate swap agreement to limit our exposure to changes in the variable interest rate on our term loan. The derivative instrument was not designated as a hedge. We terminated this interest rate swap agreement on October 28, 2022.

Foreign exchange risk management

We operate in countries other than the United States and are exposed to foreign currency risks. We bill most direct sales outside of the United States in local currencies. We expect that the percentage of our sales denominated in foreign currencies will increase in the foreseeable future as we continue to expand into international markets. When sales or expenses are not denominated in U.S. dollars, a fluctuation in exchange rates could affect our net income. We believe that the risk of a significant impact on our operating income from foreign currency fluctuations is minimal. Although we do not currently have any foreign currency hedges, we have used foreign exchange forward contracts in the past to protect against the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and may use forward contracts, derivatives or other hedges for foreign exchange risk management purposes in the future, subject to any applicable limitations in our financing arrangements.

Effects of inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations during the periods presented herein.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

Bioventus Inc.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) 89

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income 90

Consolidated Balance Sheets 91

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ and Members’ Equity 92

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 93

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 94

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Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bioventus Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ and members’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

Raleigh, North Carolina

March 12, 2024

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Bioventus Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

Change in fair value of contingent consideration 719 1,102 829

Impairment of assets 78,615 — —

Impairment of goodwill — 124,697 —

Loss on disposals 3,577 — —

Impairment of variable interest entity assets — — 5,674

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (74,429) (68,740) (1,868)

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

Change in foreign currency translation adjustments 1,140 (501) (1,318)

Loss per share of Class A common stock from(1):

Continuing operations, basic and diluted $ (1.54) $ (1.70) $ (0.11)

Discontinued operations, basic and diluted (0.95) (0.89) (0.04)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Bioventus Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

Assets

Current assets:

Current assets attributable to discontinued operations — 2,777

Long-term assets attributable to discontinued operations — 405,994

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Current liabilities:

Current liabilities attributable to discontinued operations — 119,087

Long-term liabilities attributable to discontinued operations — 228,911

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

Stockholders’ Equity:

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 794 (110)

Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Bioventus Inc. 173,591 325,238

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Bioventus Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ and Members’ Equity

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

Shares Amount Shares Amount

Prior to Organizational Transactions:

Refund from members 123 — — — — — — — — 123

Equity-based compensation (39) — — — — — — — — (39)

Other comprehensive loss (1,507) — — — — — — — — (1,507)

Subsequent to Organizational Transactions:

Distribution to Continuing LLC Owner — — — — — — — — (3,306) (3,306)

Deconsolidation of variable interest entity — — — — — — — — 3,746 3,746

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — — 200 200

Change in noncontrolling interest allocations — — — — — 8,046 — — 65,821 73,867

Other comprehensive income — — — — — — 179 — 70 249

Deferred taxes on equity rebalancing — — — — (1,977) — — — (1,977)

Tax withholdings on equity compensation awards — — — — (3,352) — — — (3,352)

Deconsolidation of noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — 247 247

Change in noncontrolling interest allocations — — — — 2,588 — — (2,588) —

Other comprehensive loss — — — — — (289) — (79) (368)

Issuance of Class A common stock for equity plans 1,204,422 1 — — 777 — — — 778

Change in noncontrolling interest allocations — — — — 513 — — (513) —

Distributions to members — — — — — — — (111) (111)

Other comprehensive income — — — — — 904 — 228 1,132

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Bioventus Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Amounts in thousands)

Operating activities:

Less: Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (74,429) (68,740) (1,868)

(Benefit) provision for expected credit losses (1,103) 5,190 485

Change in fair value of contingent consideration 719 1,102 829

Change in fair value of interest rate swap — (6,396) (2,730)

Change in fair value of Equity Participation Rights — — (2,774)

Loss on debt retirement and modification — — 2,162

Loss on disposals 3,577 — —

Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency fluctuations 665 1,383 472

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities (1,970) 9,659 (16,487)

Net cash from operating activities - discontinued operations (2,169) (2,130) —

Investing activities:

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired — — (262,870)

Proceeds from sale of a business 34,675 — —

Investments and acquisition of distribution rights — (1,478) (7,370)

Other — (75) —

Financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of Class A and B common stock 778 5,822 1,633

Registration fees for Class A common stock to purchase Misonix — — (1,838)

Tax withholdings on equity-based compensation — (3,352) —

Debt financing costs (3,661) — —

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 629 521 (228)

Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 5,127 (67,376) 12,374

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Bioventus Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except unit and share amounts)

1. Organization

The Company

Bioventus Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) was formed as a Delaware corporation for the purpose of facilitating an initial public offering and other related transactions in order to carry on the business of Bioventus LLC and its subsidiaries (“BV LLC”). Bioventus Inc. functions as a holding company with no direct operations, material assets or liabilities other than the equity interest in BV LLC. BV LLC is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the state of Delaware on November 23, 2011 and operates as a partnership. BV LLC commenced operations in May 2012.

On February 16, 2021, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”), which was conducted through what is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership C Corporation (“UP-C”) structure. The Company has majority interest, sole voting interest and controls the management of BV LLC. As a result, the Company consolidates the financial results of BV LLC and reports a noncontrolling interest representing the interest of BV LLC held by its continuing LLC owner.

The Company is focused on developing and commercializing clinically differentiated, cost efficient and minimally invasive treatments that engage and enhance the body’s natural healing processes. The Company is headquartered in Durham, North Carolina and has approximately 970 employees at December 31, 2023.

Interim periods

The Company reports quarterly interim periods on a 13-week basis within a standard calendar year. Each annual reporting period begins on January 1 and ends on December 31. Each quarter ends on the Saturday closest to calendar quarter-end, with the exception of the fourth quarter, which ends on December 31. The 13-week quarterly periods for fiscal year 2023 ended on April 1, July 1 and September 30. Comparable periods for 2022 ended on April 2, July 2 and October 1. The fourth and first quarters may vary in length depending on the calendar year.

Correction of immaterial misstatements

During the quarter ended April 1, 2023 and as part of the balance sheet review process, the Company identified misstatements in its calculation of the carrying amount of noncontrolling interest as it applies to the Company’s complex UP-C tax and ownership structure as prescribed in the amended and restated limited liability company agreement of BV LLC. Specifically, the Company failed to adjust the carrying amount of its noncontrolling interest to reflect changes in ownership interests relating to BV LLC. As a result, the previously issued consolidated financial statements reflect an understatement of noncontrolling interest and an overstatement of additional paid-in capital.

As a result of further research conducted, the Company discovered an additional error related to historical deferred income tax balances. The Company concluded that it had inappropriately calculated deferred income taxes by using an incorrect book basis in its investment of BV LLC during the Company’s IPO, which resulted in an overstatement of deferred tax liabilities, an understatement of noncontrolling interest and an understatement of additional paid-in capital.

The statements affected by these errors include the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of stockholders’ and members’ equity issued in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. There was no impact to any other financial statements for the periods presented. The Company concluded that these misstatements were not material, individually or in the aggregate, as evaluated under the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Bulletin No. 99, Materiality; No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements; and Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC 250-10, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. However, because of the significance of these items, and to facilitate comparison among periods, the Company decided to revise its previously issued consolidated financial statements on a prospective basis. The Company corrected its prior period presentation for this error in its 2023 quarterly financial statements included in its Forms 10-Q and 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023. The adjustments did not have an impact on revenues, total assets or cash flows.

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The following are selected line items from our aforementioned impacted financial statements illustrating the effect of the error corrections thereon:

The Company’s consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ and members equity as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 have been corrected to reflect the above adjustments. The Company revised the amounts originally reported for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 for the following items:

(a)Recorded a $65,821 decrease to additional paid-in capital and a corresponding increase to noncontrolling interest. This action effectively rebalanced equity appropriately between the Company and its noncontrolling interests according to their respective BV LLC ownership interests.

(b)Recorded a $73,867 decrease to deferred income tax balances and an increase to additional paid in capital to reflect the correction of an error that occurred during the calculation of deferred taxes at the Company’s IPO.

(c)Reflects the entry as discussed in (a) above and additional rebalancing activity of $2,588 relating to the issuance of Class A common stock for equity plans during the year ended December 31, 2022.

(d)Reflects the entry as discussed in (b) and an additional $1,977 increase to deferred income tax balances and a reduction to additional paid in capital to reflect the deferred tax impact during the year ended December 31, 2022.

(e)The previously reported amount reflects a reclassification of $79,863 of deferred tax liabilities associated with the deconsolidation of CartiHeal (2009) Ltd. into long-term liabilities attributable to discontinued operations as illustrated in the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures and Note 15. Discontinued operations for further details.

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the Company, its subsidiaries and investments in which the Company has control. Amounts pertaining to the non-controlling ownership interests held by third parties in the operating results and financial position of the Company’s controlled subsidiaries are reported as non-controlling interests. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes had no effect on previously reported total revenues, net (loss) income, other comprehensive (loss) income, members’ equity or cash flows. Unless otherwise noted, all financial information in the consolidated financial statement footnotes reflects the Company’s results from continuing operations.

Segment reporting

The Company identifies a business as an operating segment if: (i) it engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; (ii) its operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and (iii) it has available discrete financial information. The Company’s CODM is its President and Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information at the operating segment level to allocate resources and to assess the operating results and financial performance for each operating segment.

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The Company’s two reportable segments are U.S. and International. U.S. and International products are primarily sold to physicians spanning the orthopedic continuum, including sports medicine, total joint reconstruction, hand and upper extremities, foot and ankle, podiatric surgery, trauma, spine and neurosurgery, as well as directly to their patients. Refer to Note 13. Revenue recognition and Note 14. Segments for further information regarding the Company’s business segments.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates, including those related to contractual allowances and sales incentives, allowance for credit losses, inventory reserves, goodwill and intangible assets impairment, valuation of assets and liabilities assumed in acquisitions, useful lives of long lived assets, fair value measurements, litigation and contingent liabilities, income taxes, and equity-based compensation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, future expectations and other relevant assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

COVID-19

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law, which was aimed at providing emergency assistance and health care for individuals, families, and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and generally supporting the U.S. economy. The CARES Act, among other things, included provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer social security payments, NOL carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, and modifications to the net interest deduction limitations. The CARES Act allowed the Company to defer employer social security payroll tax payments from May 2020 through December 31, 2020 totaling $1,889. The Company repaid $1,440 in both December 2022 and 2021, including payments on deferred payroll tax balances acquired in business combinations.

2. Significant accounting policies

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In addition to being a smaller reporting company and an emerging growth company, the Company also is an accelerated filer under SEC rules and regulations. Therefore, required effective dates for adopting new or revised accounting standards are generally earlier than when smaller reporting companies and emerging growth companies who are not accelerated filers are required to adopt.

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 (“ASU 2023-09”), Income Taxes, which enhances the transparency of income tax disclosures by expanding annual disclosure requirements related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 (“ASU 2023-07”), Segment Reporting, which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-07 primarily enhances disclosures about significant segment expenses by requiring that a public entity disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. This ASU also (i) requires that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment, and a description of its composition; (ii) requires that all annual disclosures are provided in the interim periods; (iii) clarifies that if the CODM uses more than one measure of profitability in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, that one or more of those measures may be reported; (iv) requires disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and a description of how the reported measures are used by the CODM in assessing segment performance and in deciding how to allocate resources; (v) requires that an entity with a single segment provide all new required disclosures. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and requires retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments under ASU 2023-07 relate to financial disclosures and its adoption will not have an impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-07 for the annual reporting period ending December 31, 2024 and for interim reporting periods thereafter.

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Variable Interest Entity

The Company reviews each investment and collaboration agreement to determine if it has a variable interest in the entity. In assessing whether the Company has a variable interest in the entity as a whole, the Company considers and makes judgments regarding the purpose and design of the entity, the value of the licensed assets to the entity, the value of the entity’s total assets and the significant activities of the entity. If the Company has a variable interest in the entity as a whole, the Company assesses whether or not the Company is a primary beneficiary of that variable interest entity (“VIE”), based on a number of factors, including: (i) which party has the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance, (ii) the parties’ contractual rights and responsibilities pursuant to the collaboration agreement, and (iii) which party has the obligation to absorb losses of or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. If the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the onset of the collaboration, the collaboration is treated as a business combination and the Company consolidates the financial statement of the VIE into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates whether it continues to be the primary beneficiary of the consolidated VIE. If the Company determines that it is no longer the primary beneficiary of a consolidated VIE, it deconsolidates the VIE in the period the determination is made.

Assets and liabilities recorded as a result of consolidating financial results of the VIE into the Company’s consolidated balance sheet do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against the Company’s general assets or liabilities for which creditors have recourse to the Company’s general assets.

Noncontrolling Interest

The Company records noncontrolling interest on its consolidated balance sheet related to the economic interest in BV LLC held by the only continuing BV LLC owner as well as consolidated VIEs. The Company records loss attributable to noncontrolling interest on its consolidated statements of operations, which reflects the net loss for the reporting period, adjusted for changes in the noncontrolling interest holders claim to net assets, including contingent milestone and royalty payments, which are evaluated each reporting period.

Deconsolidation and discontinued operations

Upon the occurrence of certain events and on a regular basis, the Company evaluates whether it no longer has a controlling interest in its subsidiaries, including consolidated VIEs. If the Company determines it no longer has a controlling interest, the subsidiary is deconsolidated. The Company records a gain or loss on deconsolidation based on the difference on the deconsolidation date between (i) the aggregate of (a) the fair value of any consideration received, (b) the fair value of any retained noncontrolling investment in the former subsidiary and (c) the carrying amount of any noncontrolling interest in the subsidiary being deconsolidated, less (ii) the carrying amount of the former subsidiary’s assets and liabilities.

The Company assesses whether a deconsolidation is required to be presented as discontinued operations in its consolidated financial statements on the deconsolidation date. This assessment is based on if the deconsolidation represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company’s operations or financial results. If the Company determines that a deconsolidation requires presentation as a discontinued operation on the deconsolidation date, it will present the former subsidiary as a discontinued operation for all periods presented.

Effect of foreign currency

The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is the local currency are translated into U.S. dollars at rates of exchange in effect at the close of their month end. Equity accounts are translated at their historical rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the exchange rate on the transaction date. Translation gains and losses are accumulated within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as a separate component of equity.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other expense on the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive (loss) income. There was a gain of $351 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and losses of $250 and $132 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Comprehensive (loss) income

Comprehensive (loss) income consists of two components: net (loss) income and other comprehensive (loss) income, which refers to gains and losses that are recorded under U.S. GAAP as an element of stockholders’ equity and are excluded from net (loss) income. The Company’s other comprehensive (loss) income consists of a defined benefit plan adjustment and foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.

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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase. The Company’s cash is primarily held in financial institutions in the United States and the Netherlands. The Company maintains cash balances in the United States in excess of the federally insured limits.Restricted cash is cash the Company holds for specific reasons and is not available for immediate business use.

Derivatives

The Company has historically used derivative instruments to manage exposures to interest rates. Derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value at each balance sheet date and the Company does not designate whether the derivative instrument is an effective hedge. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. The Company had entered, and may in the future enter, into derivative contracts related to its debt. Refer to Note 5. Financial instruments for further details regarding the Company’s derivatives.

Fair value

The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Refer to Note 6. Fair value measurements for details regarding assets and liabilities measured at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value is described below. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities are categorized based on the lowest level that is significant to the valuation.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

Revenue recognition

Sale of Products

The Company derives revenue primarily from product sales in its (i) Pain Treatments portfolio, which includes osteoarthritic (OA) pain treatments, which are hyaluronic acid (“HA”), viscosupplementation therapies and peripheral nerve stimulation products, (ii) Surgical Solutions portfolio, which includes bone graft substitutes, tissue resection, ultrasonic bone cutting and sculpting systems and other surgical products, and (iii) Restorative Therapies portfolio, which includes minimally invasive fracture treatments and rehabilitation products. The Company sells product directly to healthcare institutions, patients, distributors and dealers. The Company also enters arrangements with pharmacy and health benefit managers that provide for privately negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts with respect to the purchase of the Company’s products.

The Company recognizes revenue generally at a point in time upon transfer of control of the promised product to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those products. The Company excludes taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities from revenues.

Revenues are recorded at the transaction price, which is determined as the contracted price net of estimates of variable consideration resulting from discounts, rebates, returns, chargebacks, contractual allowances, estimated third-party payer settlements, and certain distribution and administration fees offered in customer contracts and other indirect customer contracts relating to the sale of products. The Company establishes reserves for the estimated variable consideration based on the amounts earned or eligible for claim on the related sales. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes, which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as the Company’s historical experience, current contractual requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. The amount of variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. The Company regularly reviews all reserves and updates them at the end of each reporting period as needed. There were no significant adjustments arising from the change in estimates of variable consideration for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

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Pain Treatments

Revenue from customers, such as healthcare providers, distribution centers or specialty pharmacies is recognized at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment.

Distributor chargebacks

The Company has preexisting contracts with established rates with many of the distributors’ customers that require the distributors to sell products at their established rate. The Company offers chargebacks to distributors who supply these customers with products. The Company reduces revenue at the time of sale for the estimated future chargebacks. The Company records chargeback reserves as a reduction of accounts receivable and bases the reserves on the expected value by using probability-weighted estimates of volume of purchases, inventory holdings and historical chargebacks requested for each distributor.

Discounts and gross-to-net deductions

The Company offers retrospective discounts and gross-to-net deductions linked to the volume of purchases which may increase at negotiated thresholds within a contract-buying period. The Company reduces revenue and records the reserve as a reduction to accounts receivable for the estimated discount and rebate at the expected amount the customer will earn, based on historical buying trends and forecasted purchases.

Surgical Solutions

Most of the Company’s product sales related to bone graft substitutes are through consignment inventory with hospitals, where ownership remains with the Company until the hospital or ambulatory surgical center (“ASC”) performs a surgery and consumes the consigned inventory. The Company recognizes revenue when the surgery has been performed. Control of the product is not transferred until the customer consumes it, as the Company is able to require the return or transfer of the product to a third-party prior to the products use. An unconditional obligation to pay for the product does not exist until the customer uses it.

The Company consistently recognizes revenue from sales of its ultrasonic products in accordance with shipping terms. Control is transferred to the customer when the product is shipped or received, and revenue is recognized accordingly.

Restorative Therapies

The Company recognizes revenue from third-party payers, such as governmental agencies, insurance companies or managed care providers, when the Company transfers control to the patient, typically when the patient has accepted the product or upon delivery. The Company records this revenue at the contracted rate, net of contractual allowances and estimated third-party payer settlements at the time of sale, or an estimated price based on historical data and other available information for non-contracted payers. The Company estimates the contractual allowances using the portfolio approach and based on probability weighting historical data and collections history within those portfolios. The portfolios determined using the portfolio approach consist of the following customer groups: government payers, commercial payers, and patients.

Settlements with third-party payers for retroactive revenue adjustments due to audits, reviews or investigations are considered variable consideration and are included in the determination of the estimated transaction price using the expected amount method. These settlements are estimated based on the terms of the payment agreement with the payer, correspondence from the payer and historical settlement activity, including an assessment to ensure that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the retroactive adjustment is subsequently resolved. Estimated settlements are adjusted in future periods as adjustments become known (that is, new information becomes available), or as years are settled or are no longer subject to such audits, reviews and investigations. The Company is not aware of any claims, disputes or unsettled matters with any payer that would materially affect revenues for which the Company has not adequately provided for or disclosed in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 12. Commitments and contingencies for further information.

The Company recognizes revenue from patients (self-pay and insured patients with coinsurance and deductible responsibilities) based on billed amounts giving effect to any discounts and implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the amounts the Company expects to collect from patients, which considers historical collection experience and current market conditions. The Company recognizes revenue from other restorative therapies products generally at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer, either upon shipment or reaching the destination, depending on the product.

Product returns

The Company estimates the amount of returns and reduces revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company records a liability for expected returns based on probability-weighted historical data.

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Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net are amounts billed and currently due from customers. The Company records the amounts due net of allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains an estimated allowance for credit losses to provide for receivables the Company does not expect to collect. The Company bases the allowance on an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables and other information as applicable. Collection of the consideration that the Company expects to receive typically occurs within 30 to 90 days of billing. The Company applies the practical expedient for contracts with payment terms of one year or less which does not consider the effects of the time value of money. Occasionally, the Company enters into payment agreements with patients that allow payment terms beyond one year. In those cases, the financing component is not deemed significant to the contract.

Contract assets

Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts resulting from estimated future royalties from an international distributor that exceeds the amount billed. Contract assets totaling $257 and $267 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in prepaid and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of customer advance payments or deposits and deferred revenue. Occasionally for certain international customers, the Company requires payments in advance of shipping product and recognizing revenue resulting in contract liabilities. Contract liabilities were $2,347 and $2,895 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Shipping and handling

The Company classifies amounts billed for shipping and handling as a component of net sales. The related shipping and handling fees and costs as well as other distribution costs are included in cost of sales. The Company has elected to recognize shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related product transfers to the customer as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of sales.

Contract costs

The Company applies the practical expedient of recognizing the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred as the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These incremental costs include the Company’s sales incentive programs for the internal sales force and third-party sales agents as the compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

Inventory

The Company values its inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value and adjusts for the value of inventory that is estimated to be excess, obsolete or otherwise unmarketable. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Elements of cost in inventory include raw materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead and inbound freight. The Company records allowances for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and estimated future demand and market conditions. Inventory items used for demonstration purposes, rentals and consigned generators are classified as property and equipment.

Business combinations

Accounting for acquisitions requires the Company to recognize separately from goodwill assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While best estimates and assumptions are used to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, as well as contingent consideration where applicable, estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Subsequent changes in the estimated fair value of contingent consideration are recognized in earnings in the period of change.

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Long-lived assets

The carrying values of property, equipment, intangible assets as well as other long-lived and indefinite lived assets are reviewed for recoverability if the facts and circumstances suggest that a potential impairment may have occurred. If this review indicates that carrying values may not be recoverable, the Company will perform an assessment to determine if an impairment charge is required to reduce carrying values to estimated fair value. If quoted market prices are not available, the Company estimates fair value using an undiscounted value of estimated future cash flows. Upon retirement or sale of property and equipment, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in income from operations.

The Company recorded an impairment loss of $78,615 for the year ended December 31, 2023 in the U.S. reporting segment of net intellectual property attributable to the TheraSkin and TheraGenesis products, which were sold in May 2023. The loss was recorded in impairment of assets within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized an impairment of $5,674 on long lived assets related to a VIE of which $5,176 is attributable to the non-controlling interests, refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures for further information regarding both of these impairments.

Except for the previously described impairments of intangibles and the Company’s VIE, there were no other events, facts or circumstances for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 that resulted in any impairment charges to the Company’s property, equipment, intangible or other long-lived assets.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset, or the shorter of the lease term or useful life if related to leasehold improvements. Refer to Note 12. Commitments and contingencies for further details regarding leased assets. Depreciation of generators used with certain surgical solutions are consigned to customers and depreciation is charged to selling expenses. The useful lives in years are as follows:

Computer software and hardware 3 - 5

Demonstration and consignment inventory 5

Furniture and fixtures 7

Leasehold improvements 7

Machinery and equipment 7

Intangible assets

Finite-lived intangible assets were initially recorded at fair value upon acquisition and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives in years are as follows:

Weighted Average Useful Life

Intellectual property 18.6

Distribution rights 11.2

Developed technology 9.8

Goodwill

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The Company assesses goodwill impairment by applying a quantitative impairment analysis comparing the carrying value of the Company’s reporting units to their respective fair values. A goodwill impairment exists if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

The Company has two reporting units and assesses impairment based upon qualitative factors and if necessary, quantitative factors. A reporting unit's fair value is determined using the income approach and discounted cash flow models by utilizing Level 3 inputs and assumptions such as future cash flows, discount rates, long-term growth rates, market value and income tax considerations. Specifically, the value of each reporting unit is determined on a stand-alone basis from the perspective of a market participant and represents the price estimated to be received in a sale of the reporting unit in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test on October 31. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company will recognize the difference as an impairment loss, which is limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting units. There were no goodwill impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021.

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On November 8, 2022, due to a significant decline in the Company’s Class A common stock, circumstances became evident that a possible goodwill impairment existed as of the third quarter balance sheet date. The Company concluded that the carrying value of the U.S. reporting unit exceeded its fair value. The Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge within the U.S. reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2022. The impairment was recorded within impairment of assets on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Refer to Note 3. Balance sheet information for further details.

Software development costs

The Company capitalizes internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage for software design, configuration, coding and testing upon placing the asset in service and then amortizes these costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the product, not to exceed three years. The Company does not capitalize costs that are precluded from capitalization in authoritative guidance, such as preliminary project phase costs, training costs or data conversion costs. Capitalized software costs totaled $36,782 and $31,041 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the related accumulated amortization totaled $28,040 and $20,997, respectively. Amortization expense was $6,694, $4,449 and $2,227 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Acquired in-process research and development

The fair value of in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) assets acquired in a business combination are capitalized and accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets and are not amortized until development is completed and the product is available for sale. Once the product is available for sale, the asset is transferred to developed technology and amortized over its estimated useful life. Impairment tests for IPR&D assets occur at least annually in December, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. If the fair value of the intangible assets is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.

Concentration of risk

The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to its customers. The Company does not require collateral or other securities to support customer receivables. Credit losses are provided for through allowances and have historically been materially within management’s estimates.

Certain suppliers provide the Company with product that results in a significant percentage of total sales for the years ended December 31 as follows:

Supplier D 7 % 7 % 8 %

Accounts payable to these significant suppliers at December 31 were as follows:

Certain products provide the Company with a significant percentage of total sales for the years ended December 31 as follows:

Product E 7 % 7 % 8 %

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Restructuring costs

The Company has restructured portions of its operations and future restructuring activities are possible. Identifying and calculating the cost to exit these operations requires certain assumptions to be made, the most significant of which are anticipated future liabilities. Although estimates have been reasonably accurate in the past, significant judgment is required, and these estimates and assumptions may change as additional information becomes available and facts or circumstances change. Restructuring costs are recorded at estimated fair value. Key assumptions in determining the restructuring costs include negotiated terms and payments to terminate contractual obligations.

Equity-based compensation

The Company measures compensation cost for all share-based payments at fair value and recognizes this cost as compensation expense over the vesting period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes method to value options and the market price on the date of grant to value restricted stock. The Company utilizes the straight-line amortization method to recognize the expense associated with the awards with graded vesting terms. Compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expense and research and development expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income based upon the classification of the employees who were granted the awards.

Advertising costs

Advertising costs include costs incurred to promote the Company’s business and are expensed as incurred and recorded as selling, general and administrative expense within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Advertising costs were $3,853, $5,203 and $3,873 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses as well as contract research organization services. Internal research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs incurred by third parties are expensed as the contracted work is performed.

Collaborative agreements

The Company periodically enters into strategic alliance agreements with counterparties to produce products and/or provide services to customers. Alliances created by such agreements are not legal entities, have no employees, no assets and have no true operations. These arrangements create contractual rights and the Company accounts for these alliances as a collaborative arrangement by reporting costs incurred from transactions within research and development expense within the consolidated statements of operations.

Contingencies

The Company records a liability in the consolidated financial statements on an undiscounted basis for loss contingencies when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount may be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a loss is reasonably possible but not known or probable, and may be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed. Legal fees expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency are not included in the estimated loss contingency. The Company accrues for any legal costs as they are incurred.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which those items are expected to be realized. Tax law and rate changes are recorded in the period such changes are enacted. The Company establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from any uncertain tax positions only if they are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. The amount of the accrual for which an exposure exists is measured as the largest amount of benefit determined on a cumulative probability basis that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the position. Components of the reserve, if relevant, are classified as a current or noncurrent liability in the consolidated balance sheet based on when the Company expects each of the items to be settled. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense.

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Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated using net income or loss attributable to Bioventus, Inc. Class A common stock-holders, divided by the weighted-average Class A common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using net income attributable to Bioventus, Inc. Class A common stockholders, divided by the weighted average Class A common stock outstanding adjusted for the effect of granted stock awards determined to be dilutive under the treasury stock method.

3. Balance sheet information

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $36,964 and $30,186 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Cash and restricted cash of $1,628 and $23, respectively, attributable to CartiHeal has been reclassified to current assets attributable to discontinued operations within the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures and Note 15. Discontinued operations for further details regarding the deconsolidation of CartiHeal.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net are amounts billed and currently due from customers. The Company records the amounts due net of allowance for credit losses. Collection of the consideration that the Company expects to receive typically occurs within 30 to 90 days of billing. The Company applies the practical expedient for contracts with payment terms of one year or less which does not consider the effects of the time value of money. Occasionally, the Company enters into payment agreements with patients that allow payment terms beyond one year. In those cases, the financing component is not deemed significant to the contract.

Accounts receivable, net of allowances, consisted of the following as of December 31:

Less: Allowance for credit losses (4,219) (7,022)

(a)Other receivables of $350 attributable to CartiHeal was reclassified to current assets attributable to discontinued operations within the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures and Note 15. Discontinued operations for further details regarding the deconsolidation of CartiHeal.

Due to the short-term nature of its receivables, the estimate of expected credit losses is based on aging of the account receivable balances. The allowance is adjusted on a specific identification basis for certain accounts as well as pooling of accounts with similar characteristics. The Company has a diverse customer base with no single customer representing ten percent or more of sales. The Company had one customer representing approximately 16.0% and 12.1% of the accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Historically, the Company’s reserves have been adequate to cover credit losses.

Changes in credit losses were as follows for the years ended December 31:

Benefit (provision) for expected credit losses 1,103 (5,190)

Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following as of December 31:

(a)Raw material inventory of $642 attributable to CartiHeal has been reclassified to current assets attributable to discontinued operations within the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures and Note 15. Discontinued operations for further details regarding the deconsolidation of CartiHeal.

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Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of December 31:

Demonstration and consignment inventory 9,341 12,807

Assets not yet placed in service 4,065 3,805

(a)Machinery and equipment and accumulated depreciation attributable to CartiHeal of $269 and $78, respectively, were reclassified to long-term assets attributable to discontinued operations within the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures and Note 15. Discontinued operations for further details regarding the deconsolidation of CartiHeal.

Depreciation expense from continuing operations was $12,121, $5,688 and $3,204 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company incurred a $2,038 disposal loss on fixed assets during the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of the integration of acquisitions. The loss is recorded in loss on disposals within the consolidated condensed statements of operations and other comprehensive (loss) income.

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill by reportable segment during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

U.S. International Consolidated

Deconsolidation of noncontrolling interest (494) — (494)

Purchase accounting adjustments (4,467) — (4,467)

(a)Goodwill of $6,297 attributable to CartiHeal was reclassified to long-term assets attributable to discontinued operations within the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures and Note 15. Discontinued operations for further details regarding the deconsolidation of CartiHeal.

(b)There was no activity related to goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Additions during the year ended December 31, 2022 were the result of the acquisition of CartiHeal and purchase accounting adjustments stem from changes in the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in previous and current acquisitions. Refer to Note 4. Acquisitions and divestitures for further information.

Due to the significant decline in the Company’s Class A common stock, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $189,197 within the United States reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2022 of which $124,697 was recorded in the impairment of assets and $64,500 in loss on discontinued operations, net of tax within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. The impairment was recorded within impairment of assets on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. There were no accumulated goodwill impairment losses as of December 31, 2021.

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Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31: