ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis provides information management believes to be relevant to understanding the financial condition and results of operations of Boston Scientific Corporation and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. For a full understanding of our financial condition and results of operations, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For additional information on our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Executive Summary

Financial Highlights and Trends

In 2024, our net sales were $16.747 billion, compared to $14.240 billion in 2023. This increase of $2.507 billion, or 17.6 percent, included operational1 net sales growth of 18.5 percent and the negative impact of 90 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations.Operational net sales growth included organic2 net sales growth of 16.4 percent in 2024 and the positive impact of 210 basis points driven by our acquisitions and divestitures during the period for which there is less than a full period of comparable net sales. In 2023, relevant acquisitions and divestitures included our majority stake investment in Acotec Scientific Holdings Limited (Acotec) and the acquisitions of Apollo Endosurgery, Inc. (Apollo) and Relievant Medsystems, Inc. (Relievant) during the first, second and fourth quarters of 2023, respectively, as well as the divestiture of our pathology business during the second quarter of 2023. In 2024, relevant acquisitions included the endoluminal vacuum therapy portfolio of B. Braun Medical Inc. (Braun), Silk Road Medical, Inc. (Silk Road Medical) and Axonics, Inc. (Axonics) during the first, third and fourth quarters of 2024, respectively. The increase in our net sales was primarily driven by strong commercial execution across our businesses, particularly in our Electrophysiology business unit, which was led by the rapid adoption of our FarapulseTM Pulsed Field Ablation System which launched in 2024. Refer to the Business and Market Overview section for a discussion of our net sales by business.

Our reported net income attributable to Boston Scientific common stockholders in 2024 was $1.853 billion, or $1.25 per diluted share. Our reported results for 2024 included certain charges and/or credits which are excluded by management for purposes of assessing operating performance, totaling $1.872 billion (after-tax), or $1.26 per diluted share. Excluding these items, adjusted net income attributable to Boston Scientific common stockholders3 for 2024 was $3.725 billion, or $2.51 per diluted share.

Our reported net income attributable to Boston Scientific common stockholders in 2023 was $1.570 billion, or $1.07 per diluted share. Our reported results for 2023 included certain charges and/or credits which are excluded by management for purposes of assessing operating performance, totaling $1.429 billion (after-tax), or $0.98 per diluted share. Excluding these items, adjusted net income attributable to Boston Scientific common stockholders3 for 2023 was $2.999 billion, or $2.05 per diluted share.

1Operational net sales growth excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.

2Organic net sales growth excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and net sales attributable to acquisitions and divestitures for

which there are less than a full period of comparable net sales.

3Adjusted measures, including operational and organic net sales growth and adjusted net income attributable to Boston Scientific common stockholders, exclude certain items required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a replacement for, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Refer to Additional Information for a discussion of management’s use of these non-GAAP financial measures.

The following is a reconciliation of our results of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP to those adjusted results considered by management. Refer to Results of Operations and Additional Information for a discussion of each reconciling item:

Non-GAAP adjustments:

Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges 386 48 339 — — 339 0.23

Acquisition/divestiture-related net charges (credits) 403 28 375 — — 375 0.25

Litigation-related net charges (credits) — 0 (0) — — (0) (0.00)

Investment portfolio net losses (gains) and impairments 20 1 19 — — 19 0.01

Discrete tax items — 4 (4) — — (4) (0.00)

Non-GAAP adjustments:

Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges 58 4 54 — — 54 0.04

Acquisition/divestiture-related net charges (credits) 373 21 352 — — 352 0.24

Litigation-related net charges (credits) (111) (23) (88) — — (88) (0.06)

Investment portfolio net losses (gains) and impairments 21 (3) 24 — — 24 0.02

Discrete tax items — (8) 8 — — 8 0.01

(4)For 2023, the effect of assuming the conversion of our 5.50% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A (MCPS) into shares of common stock was anti-dilutive, and therefore excluded from the calculation of Net income (loss) per common share — diluted (EPS). Accordingly, GAAP Net income (loss) and Adjusted net income were reduced by cumulative Preferred stock dividends, as presented in our consolidated statements of operations, for purposes of calculating GAAP Net income (loss) attributable to Boston Scientific common stockholders. On June 1, 2023, all outstanding shares of our MCPS automatically converted into shares of common stock.

Business and Market Overview

The following section describes our net sales and results of operations by reportable segment and business. For additional information on our businesses and product offerings, refer to Item 1. Business of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

MedSurg

Endoscopy

Our Endoscopy business develops and manufactures devices to diagnose and treat a broad range of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions with innovative, less-invasive technologies. Net sales of Endoscopy products of $2.687 billion represented 16 percent of our consolidated net sales in 2024. Endoscopy net sales increased $205 million, or 8.3 percent, in 2024 compared to 2023. This increase included operational net sales growth of 8.9 percent and the negative impact of 60 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations. Operational net sales growth included organic net sales growth of 8.0 percent in 2024, and the positive impact of 100 basis points from our acquisition of Apollo and the divestiture of our pathology business in the second quarter of 2023, and our acquisition of the endoluminal vacuum therapy portfolio of Braun in the first quarter of 2024.

Organic net sales growth was primarily driven by our endoluminal surgery franchise, our single-use imaging franchise led by our EXALTTM Model D Single-Use Duodenoscope and our biliary franchise led by our AXIOSTMStent and Delivery System.

Urology

Our Urology business develops and manufactures devices to treat various urological conditions for both male and female anatomies, including kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction and incontinence. Net sales of Urology products of $2.200 billion represented 13 percent of our consolidated net sales in 2024. Urology net sales increased $236 million, or 12.0 percent, in 2024 compared to 2023. This increase included operational net sales growth of 12.5 percent and the negative impact of 50 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations. Operational net sales growth included organic net sales growth of 9.3 percent in 2024, and the positive impact of 330 basis points from our acquisition of Axonics in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Organic net sales growth was primarily driven by our stone management, led by our Lumenis PulseTM Holmium Laser Systems with MOSESTM Technology, and prosthetic urology franchises and our prostate health franchise led by our RezūmTM Systems.

Neuromodulation

Our Neuromodulation business develops and manufactures devices to treat various neurological movement disorders and manage chronic pain. Net sales of Neuromodulation products of $1.106 billion represented 7 percent of our consolidated net sales in 2024. Neuromodulation net sales increased $130 million, or 13.3 percent, in 2024 compared to 2023. This increase included operational net sales growth of 13.7 percent and the negative impact of 40 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations. Operational net sales growth included organic net sales growth of 2.7 percent in 2024, and the positive impact of 1,100 basis points from our acquisition of Relievant in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Organic net sales growth was primarily driven by our deep brain stimulation franchise and our radiofrequency ablation portfolio.

Cardiovascular

Cardiology

Our Cardiology business develops and manufactures devices and medical technologies for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and abnormalities of the heart. Net sales of Cardiology products of $8.344 billion represented 50 percent of our consolidated net sales in 2024. Cardiology net sales increased $1.636 billion, or 24.4 percent in 2024 compared to 2023. This increase included operational net sales growth of 25.4 percent and the negative impact of 100 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations.

Operational net sales growth was primarily driven by growth of our Electrophysiology business unit, led by our FarapulseTM Pulsed Field Ablation System and our access solutions portfolio, continued market penetration of Left Atrial Appendage Closure (LAAC) procedures with our WATCHMAN FLXTM LAAC Device and our WATCHMAN FLXTM Pro LAAC Device, as well as our percutaneous coronary intervention guidance franchise.

Peripheral Interventions

Our Peripheral Interventions business develops and manufactures products to diagnose and treat peripheral arterial and venous diseases, as well as products to diagnose, treat and ease various forms of cancer. Net sales of Peripheral Interventions products of $2.410 billion represented 14 percent of our consolidated net sales in 2024. Peripheral Interventions net sales increased $300 million, or 14.2 percent in 2024 compared to 2023. This increase included operational net sales growth of 15.5 percent and the negative impact of 120 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations. Operational net sales growth included organic net sales growth of 10.9 percent, and the positive impact of 460 basis points from our majority stake investment in Acotec which we acquired in the first quarter of 2023 and our acquisition of Silk Road Medical during the third quarter of 2024.

Organic net sales growth was primarily driven by our interventional oncology franchise led by our EMBOLDTM Fibered Coil and TherasphereTM Y-90 Radioactive Glass Microspheres, as well as our drug-eluting portfolio within our vascular franchise led by our RangerTM Drug Coated Balloon.

Emerging Markets

As part of our strategic imperative to drive global expansion, we are seeking to grow net sales and market share by expanding our global presence, including in Emerging Markets. Periodically, we assess our list of Emerging Markets countries, and effective January 1, 2023, modified our list to include all countries except the United States, Western and Central Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Canada.

Our Emerging Markets' net sales represented 16 percent of our consolidated net sales in 2024 and 2023. In 2024, our Emerging Markets net sales grew 16.1 percent on a reported basis including operational net sales growth of 19.6 percent and the negative impact of 360 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations, compared to 2023. Operational net sales growth was primarily driven by growth in China, fueled by the breadth of our portfolio and focus on innovation and strong commercial execution.

Economic Environment

As a global developer, manufacturer and marketer of medical devices, our business is subject to local and international macroeconomic trends as well as geopolitical factors. While global supply chain disruptions continued to improve in 2024, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, increases in cost and limited availability of certain raw materials, components, and other inputs necessary to manufacture and distribute our products due to constraints and inflation within the global supply chain, as well as increases in wage costs and the cost and time to distribute our products. Uncertainty around inflationary pressures, interest rates, monetary policy, trade policies, foreign currency fluctuations and changes in tax laws, as well as actions by governments in response thereto, could create additional economic challenges which could negatively impact our business operations and results. Geopolitical developments, including related to various ongoing global conflicts and tensions, may create economic, supply chain, transportation, energy, and other challenges, including disruptions to business operations, which could negatively impact our business and results of operations. Further, sanctions, tariffs, or other measures that restrict international trade, as well as instability resulting from global conflicts, could negatively affect our business operations and results.

Results of Operations

Net Sales

The following table provides our net sales by reportable segment and business, and the relative change in growth on a reported basis:

(1)In 2022, amounts reflect sales reserves established for Italian government payback provisions, not allocated to reportable segments, which are being disputed in the Italian court system.

Refer to Executive Summary for further discussion of our net sales and a comparison of our 2024 and 2023 net sales.

In 2023, we generated net sales of $14.240 billion compared to $12.682 billion in 2022. This increase of $1.558 billion, or 12.3 percent, included operational growth of 13.1 percent and the negative impact of 80 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations. Operational net sales growth included organic net sales growth of 12.3 percent in 2023 and the positive impact of 80 basis points driven by our majority stake investment in Acotec and the acquisitions of Apollo and Relievant during the first, second and fourth quarters of 2023, respectively, as well as the divestiture of our pathology business during the second quarter of 2023 and our acquisition of Baylis Medical Company, Inc. (Baylis Medical) during the first quarter of 2022, for which there were less than a full prior period of comparable net sales. The increase in our 2023 net sales was primarily driven by acquisitions as well as the strength and diversity of our product portfolio coupled with growth in the underlying markets in which we compete and strong commercial execution.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit was $11.490 billion in 2024 and $9.896 billion in 2023. The following is a reconciliation of our gross profit margins and a description of the drivers of the change from period to period:

Gross Profit Margin

Manufacturing and supply costs 1.7%

Sales pricing, volume and mix 1.9%

Net impact of foreign currency fluctuations (2.2)%

All other, including inventory charges and other period expenses (0.7)%

Sales pricing, volume and mix 0.7%

All other, including inventory charges and other period expenses (1.6)%

The primary factors contributing to the decrease in our gross profit margin for 2024 compared to 2023 were inventory charges, including related to the POLARxTM cryoablation system given the strong commercial adoption of our FarapulseTM Pulsed Field

Ablation System, strategic manufacturing capacity investments and other period expenses, partially offset by increased sales of higher margin products.

The primary factors contributing to the increase in our gross profit margin for 2023 compared to 2022 were increased sales of higher margin products, as well as improvements in manufacturing, raw material and component, and freight costs, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency and period expenses.

EU MDR Implementation Costs

The EU MDR replaced the existing European Medical Devices Directive (MDD) and Active Implantable Medical Device Directive (AIMDD) regulatory frameworks, and manufacturers of medical devices were required to comply with EU MDR beginning in May 2021 for new products and by May 2024 for medical devices that have a valid CE Certificate to the Directives issued before May 2021. In 2023, updates to the legislative text of the EU MDR were adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, including an extension of the transitional period to 2027 for certain high risk class devices and 2028 for lower risk class medical devices that have a valid CE Certificate to the Directives issued before May 2021.

We began our EU MDR implementation efforts in late 2019 and have incurred cumulative expenses of $408 million through December 31, 2024, which are primarily being recorded within Cost of product sold. We expect to incur total expenses of approximately $450 million to $500 million over the transition period.

Operating Expenses

The following table provides a summary of our key operating expenses:

Year Ended December 31,

(in millions) $ % of Net Sales $ % of Net Sales $ % of Net Sales

Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expenses

In 2024, our SG&A expenses increased $794 million, or 15 percent compared to 2023 and were 70 basis points lower as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expenses was due primarily to higher selling costs driven by higher global net sales and costs to support product launches, including the FarapulseTM Pulsed Field Ablation System in our Electrophysiology business unit.

In 2023, our SG&A expenses increased $670 million, or 15 percent compared to 2022 and were 80 basis points higher as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to higher selling costs driven by higher global net sales, costs to support new and planned product launches, including the FarapulseTM Pulsed Field Ablation System in our Electrophysiology business unit and comparatively higher acquisition-related and restructuring-related expenses.

Research and Development (R&D) Expenses

We remain committed to advancing medical technologies and investing in meaningful research and development projects across our businesses. In 2024, our R&D expenses increased $201 million, or 14 percent compared to 2023, and were 30 basis points lower as a percentage of net sales. In 2023, our R&D expenses increased $91 million, or 7 percent compared to 2022, and were 50 basis points lower as a percentage of net sales. R&D expenses increased in both periods as a result of investments across our businesses in order to maintain a pipeline of new products that we believe will contribute to profitable sales growth.

Other Operating Expenses

The following provides a summary of certain of our other operating expenses, which are excluded by management for purposes of evaluating operating performance; refer to Additional Information for a further description.

Amortization Expense

We recorded Amortization expense of $856 million in 2024 and $828 million in 2023 related to intangible assets acquired in a business combination or asset acquisition, as well as internally-developed patents. In 2024, Amortization expense increased $28 million, or 3 percent, as compared to 2023. In 2023, Amortization expense increased $25 million, or 3 percent, as compared to 2022. The increase in both periods was primarily driven by the addition of amortizable intangible assets associated with acquisitions.

Intangible Asset Impairment Charges

We recorded Intangible asset impairment charges of $386 million in 2024 and $58 million in 2023. The impairment charges recorded in 2024 were primarily associated with amortizable intangible assets established in connection with our acquisitions of Cryterion Medical, Inc. (Cryterion) and Devoro Medical, Inc. (Devoro), which were integrated into our Electrophysiology and Peripheral Interventions business units, respectively. Intangible assets acquired from Cryterion were impaired due to strong commercial adoption of our FarapulseTM Pulsed Field Ablation System in our Electrophysiology business unit and the resulting lower revenue projections and cannibalization of our cryoablation business. Intangible assets acquired from Devoro were impaired following management's decision to cancel the related program in the second quarter of 2024. The impairment charges recorded in 2023 were primarily associated with the cancellation of an in-process research and development (IPR&D) program due to the incremental time and cost to complete the program and bring the technology to market. Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates for a discussion of key assumptions used in our intangible asset impairment testing and future events that could have a negative impact on the recoverability of our intangible assets.

Contingent Consideration Net Expense (Benefit)

Year Ended December 31,

Net charges (benefit) $ (5) $ 58 $ 35

To recognize changes in the fair value of our contingent consideration liability, we recorded a net benefit of $5 million in 2024 and net charges of $58 million in 2023. In addition, we made payments of $232 million and $76 million associated with prior acquisitions during 2024 and 2023, respectively, following the achievement of revenue-based earnouts. Refer to Note B – Acquisitions and Strategic Investments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional details related to our contingent consideration arrangements.

Restructuring and Restructuring-related Net Charges

On February 22, 2023, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a new global restructuring program (the 2023 Restructuring Plan). For additional information, refer to "2023 Restructuring Plan" under the heading Liquidity and Capital Resources below.

Pursuant to the 2023 Restructuring Plan, we recorded the following restructuring and restructuring-related charges:

Year Ended December 31,

Restructuring charges(1) $ 16 $ 69 $ 24

(1)These charges are recorded in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations.

(2)These charges are primarily recorded within Cost of products sold, SG&A ExpensesandR&D Expenses.

The following table presents our restructuring reserve balance:

As of December 31,

Restructuring reserve balance $ 26 $ 41

Litigation-related Net Charges (Credits)

We record certain legal and product liability charges, credits and costs of defense, which we consider to be unusual or infrequent and significant as Litigation-related net charges (credits) within our consolidated financial statements. We did not record any litigation-related net charges (credits) in 2024. We recorded litigation-related net credits of $111 million in 2023, primarily related to the settlement of offensive patent litigation. All other legal and product liability charges, credits and costs are recorded within SG&A expenses.

We continue to assess certain litigation and claims to determine the amounts, if any, that management believes will be paid as a result of such claims and litigation, and therefore, additional losses may be accrued and paid in the future, which could materially adversely impact our operating results, cash flows and/or our ability to comply with the financial covenant required by our credit arrangements. Refer to Note I – Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion of our material legal proceedings.

Interest Expense

The following table provides a summary of our Interest expense and average borrowing rate:

Year Ended December 31,

Interest expense (in millions) $ (305) $ (265) $ (470)

Average borrowing rate 2.8 % 2.8 % 5.0 %

Interest expense increased in 2024, compared to the prior year, primarily due to increased debt from the registered public offering of €2.000 billion in aggregate principal amount of euro-denominated senior notes (the 2024 Eurobonds) during the first quarter of 2024. Interest expense decreased in 2023, compared to 2022, primarily due to $194 million of charges associated with the early extinguishment of $3.275 billion of certain of our senior notes, including payment of tender premiums and the acceleration of unamortized debt issuance costs, as well as the issuance of euro-denominated senior notes during the first quarter of 2022. Our average borrowing rate remained flat in 2024 compared to 2023 and decreased in 2023 compared to 2022. Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources, as well as Note E – Contractual Obligations and Commitments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our debt obligations.

Other, net

The following are the components of Other, net:

Year Ended December 31,

Net foreign currency gain (loss) (16) (41) (31)

Net gains (losses) on investments(1) (79) (59) (1)

Other income (expense), net (29) (14) (16)

(1)Net gains (losses) on investments include investment portfolio net losses (gains) and impairments as well as the impact of recording our share of the earnings or losses of equity method investees.

Interest income increased during 2024, compared to prior periods, primarily due to higher average cash balances invested in each period as a result of the registered public offering of the 2024 Eurobonds during the first quarter of 2024. Net proceeds from the offering were primarily used to fund a portion of the purchase price of our Axonics acquisition which was initially expected to close in the first half of 2024 and ultimately closed in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Tax Rate

The following table provides a reconciliation of our reported tax rate to the rate from continuing operations:

Year Ended December 31,

Impact of certain receipts/charges(1) (1.1) % (0.2) % (19.1) %

Rate from continuing operations 18.0 % 19.6 % 19.8 %

(1) These receipts/charges are taxed at different rates than our rate from continuing operations.

Our reported tax rate is affected by recurring items such as the amount of our earnings subject to differing tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the impact of certain receipts and charges that are taxed at rates that differ from our rate from continuing operations.

In 2024, the principal reasons for the difference between the rate from continuing operations and our reported tax rate relate to certain acquisition-related net charges and impairment charges as well as certain discrete tax benefits primarily related to stock-based compensation and changes in valuation allowance.

In 2023, the principal reasons for the difference between the rate from continuing operations and our reported tax rate relate to receipts for litigation, certain acquisition-related net charges and restructuring-related net charges as well as certain discrete tax benefits primarily related to unrecognized tax benefits for the conclusion of the 2017-2018 IRS audit, provision-to-return adjustments, and stock-based compensation.

In 2022, the principal reasons for the difference between the rate from continuing operations and our reported tax rate relate to litigation-related net charges, acquisition-related net charges, impairment charges, and debt extinguishment net charges as well as certain discrete tax benefits primarily related to stock-based compensation, changes in valuation allowance as well as charges for unrecognized tax benefits.

Effective January 1, 2024, many countries where we do business adopted a global minimum effective tax rate of 15% based on the Pillar Two framework issued by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Other countries where we do business are also considering adopting the framework or are in various stages of enacting the framework into their country’s laws. The impact of the Pillar Two global minimum tax on our 2024 tax rate from continuing operations was immaterial, and we expect a similar impact in 2025 based on the countries that have adopted the Pillar Two rules, and the guidance issued to date.

The Company continues to monitor further legislative adoption of the Pillar Two rules by country. The United States has not enacted the Pillar Two global minimum tax, and the current administration recently announced its intention to effectively withdraw from the OECD Inclusive Framework as well as its intention to enact retaliatory measures against countries who assert extraterritorial taxes against U.S. taxpayers. In addition, significant uncertainty exists regarding the interpretation of the detailed Pillar Two rules, whether such rules will be implemented consistently across taxing jurisdictions, how such rules interact with existing national tax laws and whether such rules are consistent with existing tax treaty obligations. Developments related to these uncertainties could impact our expectations regarding the impact of the Pillar Two global minimum tax on our tax rate from continuing operations in 2025.

See Note H – Income Taxes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional details on our tax rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Based on our current business plan, we believe our existing balance of Cash and cash equivalents, future cash generated from operations, access to capital markets and existing credit facilities will be sufficient to fund our operations, invest in our infrastructure, pay our legal-related liabilities, pay taxes due, service and repay our existing debt and fund possible acquisitions for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future. Please refer to Contractual Obligations and Commitments below for additional details on our future payment obligations and commitments.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $414 million of unrestricted Cash and cash equivalents on hand, including approximately $50 million held by Acotec, a less than wholly owned entity of which we acquired a majority stake investment during the first quarter of 2023. The balance is comprised of $50 million invested in money market funds and time deposits and $364 million in interest bearing and non-interest-bearing bank accounts. We invest excess cash on hand in short-term financial instruments that earn at market interest rates while mitigating principal risk through instrument and counterparty diversification, as well as what we believe to be prudent instrument selection. We limit our direct exposure to securities in any one industry or issuer.

In 2021, we entered into our $2.750 billion revolving credit facility (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility) with a global syndicate of commercial banks. On May 10, 2024, we entered into a third amendment to the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility credit agreement, which provided for, among other things, an extension of the scheduled maturity date to May 10, 2029, an amendment of the Ratings based pricing grid of the Applicable Margin, each as defined in the credit agreement, and reset the applicable date for purposes of determining the amounts of restructuring charges and restructuring-related expenses that may be excluded from consolidated Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA), as defined by the credit agreement, for purposes of our maximum leverage ratio covenant, from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2024, as further discussed under Financial Covenant below. This facility provides backing for our commercial paper program, and outstanding commercial paper directly reduces borrowing capacity under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility. There was $191 million outstanding under our commercial paper program as of December 31, 2024. There were no amounts outstanding under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2024, resulting in an additional $2.559 billion of available liquidity.

For additional details related to our debt obligations, including our financial covenant requirement, refer to Note E – Contractual Obligations and Commitments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following provides a summary and description of our net cash inflows (outflows):

Year Ended December 31,

Cash provided by (used for) operating activities $ 3,435 $ 2,503 $ 1,526

Cash provided by (used for) investing activities (5,687) (2,574) (2,011)

Cash provided by (used for) financing activities 1,814 5 (548)

Operating Activities

In 2024, cash provided by (used for) operating activities increased $932 million as compared to 2023, primarily due to higher net sales and operating income, slower inventory buildup due to improved macroeconomic supply chain conditions, as well as increases in employee related accruals, accrued commissions and accrued rebates, partially offset by higher prepaid expenses and income tax receivables. In 2023, cash provided by (used for) operating activities increased $977 million compared to 2022, primarily due to comparatively higher net sales and operating income, lower non-recurring tax payments compared to prior year, as well as timing of employee related accruals and prepaid expenses. This increase was partially offset by the use of cash associated with an increase in inventory purchases as a result of higher sales and ensuring continuity of supply to meet procedural volume demand.

Investing Activities

In 2024, cash provided by (used for) investing activities included cash payments of $4.640 billion for the acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired, primarily related to the acquisitions of Axonics and Silk Road Medical, and purchases of property, plant and equipment and internal use software of $790 million. For more information on our acquisitions, refer to Note B – Acquisitions and Strategic Investments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In 2023, cash provided by (used for) investing activities included cash payments of $1.811 billion, net of cash acquired, for the acquisitions of Apollo, Relievant and our majority stake investment in Acotec, as well as purchases of property, plant and equipment and internal use software of $711 million.

Financing Activities

In 2024, cash provided by (used for) financing activities included proceeds from the registered public offering of the 2024 Eurobonds. The offering resulted in cash proceeds of $2.145 billion, net of investor discounts and issuance costs. We primarily used the net proceeds from the offering to fund a portion of the purchase price of our acquisition of Axonics and to pay related fees and expenses, and for general corporate purposes. We also used the net proceeds to fund the repayment at maturity of our 3.450% Senior Notes due March 2024 and to pay accrued and unpaid interest with respect to such notes. For more information, refer to Note E – Contractual Obligations and Commitments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In 2024, cash provided by (used for) financing activities also included proceeds from the issuances of common stock pursuant to employee stock compensation and purchase plans of $230 million and net proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper of $187 million, partially offset by payments of contingent consideration previously established in purchase accounting of $131 million. In 2023, cash provided by (used for) financing activities included proceeds from issuances of common stock pursuant to employee stock compensation and purchase plans of $182 million partially offset by cash used to net share settle employee equity awards of $56 million, payments for royalty rights of $50 million and payments of contingent consideration previously established in purchase accounting of $39 million.

Our liquidity plans are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, some of which are outside our control. These and other risks and uncertainties could limit our ability to successfully execute our business plans and adversely affect our liquidity plans.

Financial Covenant

As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the financial covenant required by the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility.

Covenant Requirementas of December 31, 2024 Actualas of December 31, 2024

Maximum permitted leverage ratio(1) 4.75 times 2.26 times

(1) Ratio of total debt to deemed consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility credit agreement.

The 2021 Revolving Credit Facility includes the financial covenant requirement for all of our credit arrangements that we maintain the maximum permitted leverage ratio of 3.75 times for the remaining term. The credit agreement provides for higher leverage ratios, at our election, for the period following a Qualified Acquisition, as defined by the agreement, for which consideration exceeds $1.000 billion. In the event of such an acquisition, for the four succeeding quarters immediately following, including the quarter in which the acquisition occurs, the maximum permitted leverage ratio is 4.75 times. It steps down for the fifth, sixth and seventh succeeding quarters to 4.50 times, 4.25 times and 4.00 times, respectively. Thereafter, a maximum leverage ratio of 3.75 times is required through the remaining term of the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility. On November 15, 2024, we announced the closing of our acquisition of Axonics, which we had previously designated as a Qualified Acquisition under the credit agreement, increasing the maximum permitted leverage ratio to 4.75 times as of December 31, 2024. We believe that we have the ability to comply with the financial covenant for the next 12 months.

The financial covenant requirement, as amended on May 10, 2024, provides for an exclusion from the calculation of consolidated EBITDA through maturity, of certain charges and expenses. The credit agreement amendment reset the starting date for purposes of calculating such permitted exclusions related to restructuring charges and restructuring-related expenses from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2024. Permitted exclusions include up to $500 million in cash and non-cash restructuring charges and restructuring-related expenses associated with our current or future restructuring plans. As of December 31, 2024, we had $322 million of the restructuring charge exclusion remaining. In addition, any cash litigation

payments (net of any cash litigation receipts), as defined by the agreement, are excluded from the calculation of consolidated EBITDA, provided that the sum of any excluded net cash litigation payments do not exceed $1.000 billion plus all accrued legal liabilities as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2024, we had $1.435 billion of the litigation exclusion remaining.

Debt

The following table presents the current and long-term portions of our total debt:

As of

Current debt obligations $ 1,778 $ 531

The following table presents the portions of our total debt that are comprised of fixed and variable rate debt instruments, which are presented on an amortized cost basis:

As of

Variable rate debt instruments 239 32

For additional details related to our debt obligations, including our financial covenant requirements, refer to Note E – Contractual Obligations and Commitments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Equity

In 2024, we received $230 million in proceeds from stock issuances related to our stock option and employee stock purchase plans, compared to $182 million in 2023. Proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options and employee stock purchases vary from period to period based upon, among other factors, fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock and in the exercise and stock purchase patterns of our employees. Stock-based compensation expense related to our stock ownership plans was $266 million in 2024 and $233 million in 2023. Stock-based compensation expense varies from period to period based upon, among other factors, the timing, number and fair value of awards granted during the period, forfeiture levels related to unvested awards and employee contributions to our employee stock purchase plan, as well as the retirement eligibility of stock award recipients.

On June 1, 2023, in accordance with the terms of our MCPS, all outstanding shares of MCPS automatically converted into shares of common stock. No action by the holders of the MCPS was required in connection with the mandatory conversion. The conversion rate for each share of MCPS was 2.3834 shares of common stock. Cash was paid in lieu of fractional shares in accordance with the terms of the MCPS. An aggregate of approximately 24 million shares of common stock, including shares of common stock issued to holders of MCPS that elected to convert prior to the mandatory conversion date, were issued upon conversion of the MCPS. Following the mandatory conversion of the MCPS, there were no outstanding shares of MCPS, resulting in the retirement of the annualized approximately $55 million cash dividend payment on the MCPS.

On December 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $1.000 billion of our common stock. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock in 2024 or 2023, and had the full amount available under the authorization as of December 31, 2024. There were approximately 263 million shares in treasury as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

One-time transition tax 147 — — — — — 147

(1)Debt obligations are comprised of our senior notes outstanding as of December 31, 2024. This does not include unamortized debt issuance

discounts, deferred financing costs and gains on fair value hedges or finance lease obligations. Refer to Note E – Contractual Obligations and Commitments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

(2)In accordance with U.S. GAAP, these obligations relate primarily to expenses associated with future periods and, with the exception of accrued interest, are not reflected in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. Interest payments included above are calculated based on rates and required fees applicable to our outstanding debt obligations as of December 31, 2024 described in Note E – Contractual Obligations and Commitments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(3)Lease obligations include minimum lease payments under our operating lease agreements. Refer to Note F – Leases to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

(4)Timing of payment for our long-term liability for legal matters that are probable and estimable as of December 31, 2024 is uncertain and as such it is excluded from the table above. Refer to Note I – Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

The amounts in the table above with respect to purchase obligations relate primarily to non-cancellable inventory commitments and capital expenditures entered in the normal course of business. The table above does not include:

•Any future obligations to make payments of contingent consideration pursuant to certain of our acquisition agreements, due to the exact amount and timing of payments being uncertain. Refer to Note B – Acquisitions and Strategic Investments to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information;

•Unrecognized tax benefits, accrued interest and penalties and other related items because the timing of their future cash settlement is uncertain. Refer to Note H – Income Taxes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information;

•Acquired IPR&D projects that require future funding to complete. We estimate that the total remaining cost to complete acquired IPR&D projects is between $125 million and $135 million. Net cash inflows from the projects currently in development are expected to continue through 2042, following the respective launches of these technologies in the U.S. and Europe. See Note C – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information;

•A previously executed finance lease for additional office and warehouse space which commenced in December 2024. Total estimated undiscounted future lease payments are approximately $240 million. This lease has a noncancellable lease term of 25 years. See Note F – Leases to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information;

•One lease we have entered into as of December 31, 2024 for additional office and lab space which has not yet commenced as the facility is currently under construction. We do not control the building during construction and are thus not deemed to be the owner during construction. Total estimated undiscounted future lease payments are approximately $250 million, which includes a buyout option exercisable once construction is complete which we are reasonably certain to exercise. The lease is expected to commence in the second half of 2025 with a noncancellable lease term of 20 years;

•The January 24, 2025 acquisition of Cortex Inc., consisting of an upfront cash payment of $248 million, net of cash acquired, and up to approximately $50 million in future payments upon achievement of certain regulatory milestones;

•The definitive agreement, entered into on January 8, 2025, to acquire Bolt Medical, Inc. (Bolt Medical). We have been an investor in Bolt Medical since 2019 and currently hold an equity stake of approximately 26 percent. The transaction price to acquire the remaining stake is expected to result in an upfront cash payment of approximately $443 million upon closing and up to approximately $221 million in future payments upon achievement of certain regulatory milestones. The transaction is expected to close during the first half of 2025, subject to customary closing conditions. We plan to fund the acquisition through a mix of cash on hand and commercial paper; and

•The definitive agreement, entered into on November 25, 2024, to acquire Intera Oncology® Inc., for approximately $175 million, which is expected to close during the first half of 2025, subject to customary closing conditions. We plan to fund the acquisition through a mix of cash on hand and commercial paper.

2023 Restructuring Plan

On February 22, 2023, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a new global restructuring program (the 2023 Restructuring Plan). The 2023 Restructuring Plan is helping to advance our Global Supply Chain Optimization strategy, which is intended to simplify our manufacturing and distribution network by transferring certain production lines among facilities and drive operational efficiencies and resiliency. Key activities under the 2023 Restructuring Plan also include optimizing certain functional capabilities to achieve cost synergies and better support business growth. These activities were initiated in the first quarter of 2023 and are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2025.

While we expect limited role reductions as a result of these restructuring activities, we anticipate that our overall employee base will remain relatively unchanged upon completion of the 2023 Restructuring Plan as new jobs are created in areas of growth and resources are deployed to support an expanding portfolio and growing global market needs.

The implementation of the 2023 Restructuring Plan is estimated to result in total pre-tax charges of approximately $450 million to $550 million, of which approximately $350 million to $450 million is expected to result in cash outlays, and reduce gross annual pre-tax expenses by approximately $225 million to $275 million as program benefits are realized. We expect to reinvest a substantial portion of the savings in strategic growth initiatives. The following table provides a summary of our range of estimates of total pre-tax charges associated with the 2023 Restructuring Plan by major type of cost:

Type of Cost (in millions) Total Estimated Amount Expected to be Incurred

Restructuring charges:

Termination benefits(1) $ 60 - $ 80

Restructuring-related expenses:

(1)Plans detailing specific employee impacts will be developed for each affected region and business, working with employee representative bodies where required under local laws.

(2)Consists primarily of consulting fees and costs associated with contractual cancellations.

(3)Represents costs to transfer product and manufacturing lines between geographically dispersed facilities.

(4)Comprised of other costs directly related to the restructuring program, including program management, accelerated depreciation and fixed asset write-offs.

Legal Matters

For a discussion of our material legal proceedings, see Note I – Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial results are affected by the selection and application of accounting policies and methods. We have adopted accounting policies to prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

To prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, including our contingent liabilities, as of the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of our revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Our actual results may differ from these estimates. We consider estimates to be critical (i) if we are required to make assumptions about material matters that are uncertain at the time of estimation or (ii) if materially different estimates could have been made or it is reasonably likely that the accounting estimate will change from period to period. The following are areas considered to be critical and require management’s judgment: Revenue Recognition, Inventory Provisions, Valuation of Intangible Assets and Contingent Consideration Liabilities, Goodwill Valuation, Legal and Product Liability Accruals and Income Taxes.

See Note A – Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our accounting policies and our consideration of these critical accounting areas.

Revenue Recognition

Deferred Revenue

We record a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when we have an obligation to provide a product or service to the customer and payment is received or due in advance of our performance. When we sell a device with a future service obligation, we defer revenue on the unfulfilled performance obligation and recognize this revenue over the related service period. Generally, we do not have observable evidence of the standalone selling price related to our future service obligations; therefore, we estimate the selling price using an expected cost plus a margin approach. We allocate the transaction price using the relative standalone selling price method. The use of alternative estimates could result in a different amount of revenue deferral.

Our contract liabilities are primarily composed of deferred revenue related to the LATITUDETM Patient Management System within our Cardiology business, for which revenue is recognized over the average service period based on device and patient longevity. Our contract liabilities also include deferred revenue related to the LUX-DxTM Insertable Cardiac Monitor system, also within our Cardiology business, for which revenue is recognized over the average service period based on device longevity and usage. The use of alternative assumptions could impact the period over which revenue is recognized.

Variable Consideration

We generally allow our customers to return defective, damaged and, in certain cases, expired products for credit. We base our estimate for sales returns upon historical trends and record the amount as a reduction to revenue when we sell the initial product. In addition, we may allow customers to return previously purchased products for next-generation product offerings. For these transactions, we defer recognition of revenue on the sale of the earlier generation product based upon an estimate of the amount of product to be returned when the next-generation products are shipped to the customer. Uncertain timing of next-generation product approvals, variability in product launch strategies, product recalls and variation in product utilization all affect our estimates related to sales returns and could cause actual returns to differ from these estimates.

We also offer sales rebates and discounts to certain customers and record these as a reduction of revenue and classify the corresponding liability as current. We estimate rebates for products where there is sufficient historical information available to predict the volume of expected future rebates. If we are unable to reasonably estimate the expected rebates, we record a liability for the maximum rebate percentage offered.

Post-Implant Services

We provide non-contractual services to customers to ensure the safe and effective use of certain implanted devices. We forward accrue the costs to provide these services at the time the devices are sold by estimating the amount of time spent by our representatives performing these services and their compensation throughout the device life to determine the service cost. Changes to our business practice or the use of alternative estimates could result in a different amount of accrued cost.

Inventory Provisions

We base our provisions for excess, expired and obsolete inventory primarily on our estimates of forecasted net sales. A significant change in the timing or level of demand for our products as compared to forecasted amounts may result in recording additional provisions for excess, expired and obsolete inventory in the future. Further, the industry in which we participate is characterized by rapid product development and frequent new product introductions. Uncertain timing of next-generation product approvals, variability in product launch strategies, product recalls and variation in product utilization all affect our estimates related to excess, expired and obsolete inventory.

Valuation of Intangible Assets and Contingent Consideration Liabilities

We base the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination, including IPR&D, on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management, which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. Further, for those arrangements that involve potential future contingent consideration, we record on the date of acquisition a liability equal to the fair value of the estimated additional consideration we may be obligated to pay in the future. We re-measure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within our consolidated statements of operations. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability can result from changes in discount rates, periods, timing and amount of projected revenue or timing or likelihood of achieving regulatory, revenue or commercialization-based milestones. The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows, discount rates, useful life or probability of achieving clinical, regulatory or revenue-based milestones could result in different purchase price allocations and recognized amortization expense and contingent consideration expense or benefit in current and future periods.

We review intangible assets subject to amortization quarterly to determine if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that would indicate impairment or adjustment to the remaining useful life. If we determine it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired based on our qualitative assessment of impairment indicators, we test the intangible asset for recoverability. If the carrying value of the intangible asset is determined not recoverable, we will write the carrying value down to fair value in the period the impairment is identified. We calculate fair value of our intangible assets as the present value of estimated future cash flows we expect to generate from the asset using a risk-adjusted discount rate. The use of alternative assumptions, including estimated cash flows, discount rates and alternative estimated remaining useful lives could result in different calculations of impairment.

In addition, we test our indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually for impairment and reassess their classification as indefinite-lived assets, or more frequently if indicators exist. We assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that our indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, we then determine the fair value of the intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value with the carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset, we write the carrying value down to fair value. The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows and discount rates could result in different fair value estimates.

Goodwill Valuation

We allocate any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination to goodwill. We test our goodwill balances, utilizing both the qualitative and quantitative approach described in FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (FASB ASC Topic 350), in the second quarter of each year as of April 1 for impairment, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest an impairment may exist.

We assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. For our 2024 annual impairment assessment, we identified the following reporting units for purposes of our annual goodwill impairment test: Interventional Cardiology, Rhythm Management, Peripheral Interventions, Endoscopy, Urology and Neuromodulation. Based on the criteria prescribed in FASB ASC Topic 350, we aggregated the Interventional Cardiology Therapies and Watchman components of our Cardiology operating segment into a single Interventional Cardiology reporting unit and aggregated the Cardiac Rhythm Management and Electrophysiology components into a single Rhythm Management reporting unit.

In performing annual impairment assessments, when a quantitative test is performed, we typically use the income approach, specifically the Discounted Cash Flow method, to derive the fair value of each of our reporting units in preparing our goodwill impairment assessments. We historically selected this method as being the most meaningful in preparing our goodwill assessments because we believe the income approach most appropriately measures the fair value of our income producing assets. We have considered using the market approach and cost approach but concluded they are not appropriate in valuing our reporting units given the lack of relevant market comparisons available for application of the market approach and the inability to replicate the value of the specific technology-based assets within our reporting units for application of the cost approach.

In applying the income approach, we make assumptions about the amount and timing of future expected cash flows, terminal value growth rates and appropriate discount rates. The amount and timing of future cash flows within our Discounted Cash Flow analysis is based on our most recent operational budgets, long range strategic plans and other estimates. The terminal

value growth rate reflects our best estimates for stable, perpetual growth of our reporting units. We use estimates of market-participant risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital as a basis for determining the discount rates to apply to our reporting units’ future expected cash flows.

Although we use consistent methodologies in developing the assumptions and estimates underlying the fair value calculations used in our impairment tests, these estimates are uncertain by nature and can vary from actual results. The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows and discount rates could result in different fair value estimates.

Future events that could have a negative impact on the levels of excess fair value over carrying value of our reporting units include, but are not limited to, the following:

•decreases in estimated market sizes or market growth rates due to greater-than-expected declines in procedural volumes, inclusive of those resulting from macroeconomic conditions, including inflationary pricing pressures and reductions in reimbursement levels,

•declines in our market share and penetration assumptions due to increased competition, an inability to develop or launch new and next-generation products and technology features in line with our commercialization strategies and market and/or regulatory conditions that may cause significant launch delays or product actions,

•decreases in our forecasted profitability due to an inability to implement successfully and achieve timely and sustainable cost improvement measures consistent with our expectations,

•negative developments in intellectual property litigation that may impact our ability to market certain products or increase our costs to sell certain products,

•the level of success of ongoing and future research and development efforts, including those related to acquisitions and increases in the research and development costs necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and launch new products,

•the level of success in managing the growth of acquired companies, achieving sustained profitability consistent with our expectations, establishing government and third-party payer reimbursement, supplying the market and increases in the costs and time necessary to integrate acquired businesses into our operations successfully,

•changes in our reporting units or in the structure of our business as a result of future reorganizations, acquisitions or divestitures of assets or businesses and

•increases in our market-participant risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital and increases in our market-participant tax rate and/or changes in tax laws or macroeconomic conditions.

Negative changes in one or more of these factors, among others, could result in future impairment charges.

Legal and Product Liability Accruals

We are involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings, including intellectual property, breach of contract, securities litigation and product liability suits. In some cases, the claimants seek damages, as well as other relief, which, if granted, could require significant expenditures or impact our ability to sell our products. We are also the subject of certain governmental investigations, which could result in substantial fines, penalties and administrative remedies. We accrue anticipated costs of settlement, damages, losses for product liability claims and, under certain conditions, costs of defense, based on historical experience or to the extent specific losses are probable and estimable. Otherwise, we expense these costs as incurred. If the estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within the range is more likely, we accrue the minimum amount of the range. Litigation and product liability matters are inherently uncertain, and the outcomes of individual matters are difficult to predict and quantify. As such, significant judgment is required in determining our legal and product liability accruals. Our estimates related to our legal and product liability accruals may change as additional information becomes available to us, including information related to the nature or existence of claims against us, trial court or appellate proceedings, and mediation, arbitration or settlement proceedings.

Income Taxes

We reduce our deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion or all the deferred tax assets. We consider relevant evidence, both positive and negative, to determine the need for a valuation allowance. Information evaluated includes our financial position and results of operations for the current and preceding years, the availability of deferred tax liabilities and tax carrybacks, as well as estimates of the impact of future taxable income and available prudent and feasible tax-planning strategies. The realizability assessments made at a given balance sheet date are subject to change, particularly if earnings of a subsidiary are inconsistent with expectations, or if we take operational or tax planning actions that could impact the future taxable earnings of a subsidiary. Each reporting period, we monitor the need for valuation allowances for each filing group in each jurisdiction where we are subject to tax. Based on currently available information, we believe that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, will be realized.

We establish reserves when we believe that certain positions are likely to be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves significant judgment based on individual facts, circumstances, and information available in addition to applying complex tax regulations across our global operations. To recognize an uncertain tax benefit in the consolidated financial statements, the taxpayer must determine if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained, with the measurement of the resulting benefit calculated as the largest amount more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon resolution of the benefit. We review these tax uncertainties each reporting period to consider changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly. Upon final resolution with tax authorities, we may prevail in positions for which reserves have been established, or we may be required to pay amounts more than established reserves. Although we believe that we have adequately provided for liabilities resulting from tax assessments by taxing authorities, positions taken by these tax authorities could have a material impact on our effective tax rate, results of operations, financial position and/or cash flows.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note P – New Accounting Pronouncements to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on standards implemented during 2024 and standards to be implemented in future periods.

Additional Information

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements presented on a GAAP basis, we disclose certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted net income (loss), adjusted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and adjusted net income (loss) per share (EPS) that exclude certain charges (credits); operational net sales, which exclude the impact of foreign currency fluctuations; and organic net sales, which exclude the impact of foreign currency fluctuations as well as the impact of certain acquisitions and divestitures with less than a full period of comparable net sales. These non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from or as a replacement for the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. Further, other companies may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, which may limit the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes.

To calculate adjusted net income (loss), adjusted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and adjusted net income (loss) per share we exclude certain charges (credits) from GAAP net income and GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders, which include amortization expense, goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, acquisition/divestiture-related net charges (credits), investment portfolio net losses (gains) and impairments, restructuring and restructuring-related net charges (credits), certain litigation-related net charges (credits), EU MDR implementation costs, debt extinguishment net charges, deferred tax expenses (benefits) and certain discrete tax items. Amounts are presented after-tax using our effective tax rate, unless the amount is a significant unusual or infrequently occurring item in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740-270-30, "General Methodology and Use of Estimated Annual Effective Tax Rate."

The GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to adjusted net income (loss), adjusted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and adjusted net income (loss) per share are GAAP net income (loss), GAAP net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and GAAP net income (loss) per common share - assuming dilution, respectively.

To calculate operational net sales growth rates, which exclude the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, we convert actual net sales from local currency to U.S. dollars using constant foreign currency exchange rates in the current and prior periods. To calculate organic net sales growth rates, we also remove the impact of acquisitions and divestitures with less than a full period of comparable net sales. The GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to operational net sales and organic net sales is net sales reported on a GAAP basis.

Reconciliations of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP financial measure are included under Executive Summary above.

Management uses these supplemental non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate performance period over period, to analyze the underlying trends in our business, to assess our performance relative to our competitors and to establish operational goals and forecasts that are used in allocating resources. In addition, management uses these non-GAAP financial measures to further its understanding of the performance of our operating segments. The adjustments excluded from our non-GAAP financial measures are consistent with those excluded from our operating segments’ measures of net sales and profit or loss. These adjustments are excluded from the segment measures reported to our chief operating decision maker that are used to make operating decisions and assess performance.

We believe that presenting adjusted net income (loss), adjusted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders adjusted net income (loss) per share, operational and organic net sales growth rates, in addition to the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provides investors greater transparency to the information used by management for its operational decision-making and allows investors to see our results “through the eyes” of management. We further believe that providing this information assists our investors in understanding our operating performance and the methodology used by management to evaluate and measure such performance.

The following is an explanation of each of the adjustments that management excluded as part of these non-GAAP financial measures as well as reasons for excluding each of these individual items. In each case, management has excluded the item for purposes of calculating the relevant non-GAAP financial measure to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance:

Adjusted Net Income (loss), Adjusted Net Income (loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders and Adjusted Net Income (loss) per Share

•Amortization expense - We record intangible assets acquired in a business combination or asset acquisition, as well as internally-developed patents at historical cost and amortize them over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense is excluded from management's assessment of operating performance due to its non-cash nature and from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance,

•Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges - These amounts represent write-downs of certain goodwill and/or other intangible asset balances. We review intangible assets subject to amortization quarterly to determine if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that would indicate impairment and test our other indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually for impairment. Similarly, we test our goodwill on an annual basis in the second quarter of each year and monitor for indicators of impairment during the remaining quarters. If we determine the carrying value of the amortizable intangible asset is not recoverable, goodwill of a reporting unit is impaired or it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired, we will write the carrying value down to fair value in the period identified. Impairment charges are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance and from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance,

•Acquisition/divestiture-related net charges (credits) - These adjustments may consist of (a) contingent consideration fair value adjustments; (b) gains on previously held investments; (c) due diligence, deal fees and other fees and costs related to our acquisition and divestiture transactions; (d) inventory step-up amortization and accelerated compensation expense; (e) integration and exit costs; and (f) separation costs and gains or losses primarily associated with the sale of a business or portion of a business. The contingent consideration fair value adjustments represent accounting adjustments to state contingent consideration liabilities at their estimated fair value. These adjustments can be highly variable depending on the assessed likelihood and amount of future contingent consideration. Gains on previously held investments, due diligence, deal fees and other fees and costs, inventory step-up amortization, accelerated compensation expense, and other expenses and gains or losses associated with divestitures or acquisitions can be highly variable and not representative of ongoing operations. Integration, separation and exit costs include contract cancellations, severance and other compensation-related charges and costs,

project management fees and costs, and other direct costs associated with the integration of our acquisitions or separation of our divested businesses. These integration, separation and exit activities take place over a defined timeframe and have distinct project timelines, are incremental to activities and costs that arise in the ordinary course of our business and are not considered part of our core, ongoing operations. These acquisition/divestiture-related net charges (credits) are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance and from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance,

•Restructuring and restructuring-related net charges (credits) - These adjustments primarily represent severance and other compensation-related charges, fixed asset write-offs, contract cancellations, project management fees, facility shut down costs, costs to transfer manufacturing lines between geographically dispersed facilities and other direct costs associated with our restructuring plans. These restructuring plans each consist of distinct initiatives that are fundamentally different from our ongoing, core cost reduction initiatives in terms of, among other things, the frequency with which each action is performed and the required planning, resourcing, cost and timing. Examples of such initiatives include the movement of business activities, facility consolidations and closures and the transfer of product lines between manufacturing facilities, which, due to the highly regulated nature of our industry, requires a significant investment in time and cost to create duplicate manufacturing lines, run product validations and seek regulatory approvals. Restructuring initiatives take place over a defined timeframe and have a distinct project timeline that requires, and begins subsequent to, approval by our Board of Directors. In contrast to our ongoing cost reduction initiatives, restructuring initiatives typically result in duplicative cost and exit costs over the defined timeframe and are not considered part of our core, ongoing operations. These restructuring plans are incremental to the core activities that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Restructuring and restructuring-related net charges (credits) are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance and from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance,

•Litigation-related net charges (credits) - These adjustments include certain product liability and other litigation-related charges and credits. We record these charges and credits, which we consider to be unusual or infrequent and significant, within the litigation-related charges (credits) line in our consolidated statements of operations; all other legal and product liability charges, credits and costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses. Certain litigation-related net charges (credits) are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance and from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance,

•EU MDR implementation costs - These adjustments represent certain incremental costs specific to complying with new regulatory requirements in the EU. EU MDR replaced the existing MDD regulatory framework, and manufacturers of medical devices were required to comply with EU MDR beginning in May 2021 for new products and by May 2024 for medical devices which have a valid CE Certificate to the Directives issued before May 2021. In 2023, updates to the legislative text of the EU MDR were adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, including an extension of the transitional period to 2027 for certain high risk class devices and 2028 for lower risk class medical devices that have a valid CE Certificate to the Directives issued before May 2021. We expect to incur significant expenditures in connection with the adoption of the EU MDR requirements and we consider the adoption of EU MDR to be a significant change to a regulatory framework, and therefore, these expenditures are not considered to be ordinary course expenditures in connection with regulatory matters. As such, certain of these costs are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance and from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance,

•Debt extinguishment net charges - These amounts relate to the early extinguishment of certain outstanding principal amounts of our senior notes. Certain debt extinguishment net charges are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance used for making operating decisions and assessing performance,

•Investment portfolio net losses (gains) and impairments - These amounts represent write-downs or fair value remeasurement gains and losses related to our investment portfolio. Each reporting period, we evaluate our investments without a readily determinable fair value to determine if there are any events or circumstances that are likely to have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. If we identify an impairment indicator, we will estimate the fair value of the investment and compare it to its carrying value and determine if the impairment is other-than-temporary, and recognize an impairment loss. In addition, for those investments accounted for under the measurement alternative method of accounting, we record gains and losses to remeasure the carrying value of the investments to their fair values based on observable market prices or implied market values. Investment impairment charges and fair value remeasurements can be highly variable dependent on external market factors and conditions

relative to the underlying investee, which are generally outside of the control of management, as such these amounts are excluded from management's assessment of performance,

•Deferred tax expenses (benefits) - This adjustment relates to a significant non-cash tax benefit arising from an intra-entity asset transfer of intellectual property completed in the fourth quarter of 2019 which resulted in our recording a $4.102 billion net deferred tax asset. The deferred tax benefit associated with the establishment of the net deferred tax asset as well as any deferred tax expense resulting from the reversal of the deferred tax asset are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance used for making operating decisions and assessing performance, and

•Discrete tax items - These items represent adjustments for certain tax charges (credits) including those which (a) are related to the indirect consequences of non-GAAP charges (credits) on limitations that impact certain tax benefits or incentives in the current period or (b) are related to the tax consequences of a non-GAAP adjustment item booked in a prior period. These discrete tax items are excluded from management's assessment of operating performance used for making operating decisions and assessing performance.

Operational Net Sales

•The impact of foreign currency fluctuations is highly variable and difficult to predict. Accordingly, management excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations for purposes of reviewing net sales and growth rates to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance.

Organic Net Sales

•Organic net sales growth excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and net sales attributable to acquisitions and divestitures for which there are less than a full period of comparable net sales.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As the management of Boston Scientific Corporation, we are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. We designed our internal control process to provide reasonable assurance to management and the Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting is effective at a reasonable assurance level based on these criteria.

In accordance with the SEC Staff's interpretive guidance for newly acquired businesses, we are permitted to omit an assessment of an acquired business's internal control over financial reporting from our assessment of internal control for up to one year from the acquisition date. As such, we have excluded our acquisitions of Silk Road Medical, Inc. and Axonics, Inc., each acquired during 2024, from our annual assessment of internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. These businesses represented approximately one percent of total assets as of December 31, 2024 and approximately one percent of net sales for the year then ended.

Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This report, in which they expressed an unqualified opinion, is included below.

/s/ Michael F. Mahoney /s/ Daniel J. Brennan

Michael F. Mahoney Daniel J. Brennan

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of

Boston Scientific Corporation

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Boston Scientific Corporation and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Boston Scientific Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the COSO criteria.

As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Silk Road Medical, Inc. and Axonics, Inc., which are included in the 2024 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted approximately one percent of total assets as of December 31, 2024 and approximately one percent of revenues for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Silk Road Medical, Inc. and Axonics, Inc.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 2024 consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated February 18, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 18, 2025

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We develop, manufacture and sell medical devices globally and our earnings and cash flows are exposed to market risk from changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. We address these risks through a risk management program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments. We operate the program pursuant to documented corporate risk management policies. We do not enter derivative transactions for speculative purposes. Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments substantially offset losses and gains on underlying hedged exposures. Furthermore, we manage our exposure to counterparty risk on derivative instruments by entering into contracts with a diversified group of major financial institutions and by actively monitoring outstanding positions.

Our currency risk consists primarily of foreign currency denominated firm commitments, forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany and third-party transactions and net investments in certain subsidiaries. We use both nonderivative (primarily European manufacturing operations) and derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. We had currency derivative instruments outstanding in the contract amount of $7.636 billion as of December 31, 2024 and $5.899 billion as of December 31, 2023. A ten percent appreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would increase the derivative instruments’ fair value by $322 million as of December 31, 2024 compared to $236 million as of December 31, 2023. A ten percent depreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would decrease the derivative instruments’ fair value by $394 million as of December 31, 2024 compared to $288 million as of December 31, 2023. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of our currency exchange rate sensitive derivative instruments would be substantially offset by a corresponding decrease or increase in the fair value of the hedged underlying asset, liability or forecasted transaction, resulting in minimal impact on our earnings.

Our interest rate risk relates primarily to U.S. dollar and euro-denominated borrowings partially offset by U.S. dollar cash investments. We have historically used interest rate derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in interest rates. We had no interest rate derivative instruments outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, $10.451 billion in aggregate principal amount of our outstanding debt obligations were at fixed interest rates, representing approximately 98 percent of our total debt, on an amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2024, our outstanding debt obligations at fixed interest rates were comprised of senior notes.

See Note D – Hedging Activities and Fair Value Measurements to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our derivative financial instruments.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of

Boston Scientific Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Boston Scientific Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission(2013 framework),and our report dated February 18, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosuresto which it relates.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1992.

Boston, Massachusetts

February 18, 2025

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended December 31,

Operating expenses:

Selling, general and administrative expenses 5,984 5,190 4,520

Intangible asset impairment charges 386 58 132

Contingent consideration net expense (benefit) (5) 58 35

Restructuring net charges (credits) 16 69 24

Litigation-related net charges (credits) — (111) 173

Loss (gain) on disposal of businesses and assets — — 22

Other income (expense):

Preferred stock dividends — (23) (55)

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (8) (1) —

Net income (loss) per common share — basic $ 1.26 $ 1.08 $ 0.45

Net income (loss) per common share — diluted $ 1.25 $ 1.07 $ 0.45

Weighted-average shares outstanding

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Year Ended December 31,

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Foreign currency translation adjustment 225 (105) (94)

Net change in derivative financial instruments 1 (115) 63

Net change in defined benefit pensions and other items (8) (9) 37

Other comprehensive income (loss) 218 (230) 6

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (8) (1) —

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (15) (11) —

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of December 31,

(in millions, except share and per share data) 2024 2023

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 414 $ 865

Trade accounts receivable, net 2,558 2,228

Property, plant and equipment, net 3,294 2,859

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Current debt obligations $ 1,778 $ 531

Other current liabilities 887 814

Deferred tax liabilities 155 134

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: 275 49

Noncontrolling interests 233 248

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Year Ended December 31,

Preferred stock shares issued

Common stock shares issued

Preferred stock

Beginning $ — $ 0 $ 0

Conversion of mandatory convertible preferred stock to common stock — (0) —

Ending — $ — 0

Common stock

Impact of stock-based compensation plans 0 0 0

Conversion of mandatory convertible preferred stock to common stock — 0 —

Treasury Stock

Repurchase of common stock — — —

Additional paid-in capital

Conversion of mandatory convertible preferred stock to common stock — (0) —

Impact of stock-based compensation plans 409 359 303

Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit)

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 8 1 —

Preferred stock dividends — (23) (55)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Changes in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Foreign currency translation adjustment 232 (95) (94)

Derivative financial instruments 1 (115) 63

Defined benefit pensions and other items (8) (9) 37

Noncontrolling interests

Beginning $ 248 $ — $ —

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (8) (1) —

Changes in other comprehensive income (loss) (7) (10) —

Changes to noncontrolling ownership interest — 259 —

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Year Ended December 31,

Loss (gain) on disposal of businesses and assets — — 22

Deferred and prepaid income taxes (70) (1) (63)

Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges 386 58 132

Net loss (gain) on investments and notes receivable 79 59 1

Contingent consideration net expense (benefit) (5) 58 35

Inventory step-up amortization 51 6 32

Debt extinguishment net charges — — 194

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 243 118 (255)

Cash provided by (used for) operating activities 3,435 2,503 1,526

Investing Activities

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 3 4 12

Proceeds from disposal of certain businesses and assets — — 5

Proceeds from royalty rights 20 30 70

Proceeds from settlements of hedge contracts — 2 56

Cash provided by (used for) investing activities (5,687) (2,574) (2,011)

Financing Activities

Payments for royalty rights (26) (50) (75)

Payments for finance leases (25) — —

Payments on short-term borrowings (504) — (250)

Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs 24 — —

Net increase (decrease) in commercial paper 187 (4) (1)

Payments on long-term borrowings and debt extinguishment costs — — (3,184)

Proceeds from long-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs 2,145 — 3,270

Cash dividends paid on preferred stock — (28) (55)

Cash used to net share settle employee equity awards (87) (56) (53)

Cash provided by (used for) financing activities 1,814 5 (548)

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash (11) (4) (9)

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION)

Year Ended December 31,

Supplemental Information

Cash paid for income taxes, net $ 656 $ 512 $ 662

Fair value of contingent consideration recorded in purchase accounting 29 273 —

Non-cash impact of transferred royalty rights (20) (30) (70)

(in millions) As of December 31,

Reconciliation to amounts within the consolidated balance sheets: 2024 2023 2022

Restricted cash equivalents included in Other long-term assets 80 60 48

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE A – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Boston Scientific Corporation's wholly owned subsidiaries and entities for which we have a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the first quarter of 2023, we acquired a majority stake investment in Acotec Scientific Holdings Limited (Acotec) and have elected to consolidate their financial statements on a one quarter lag.

When used in this report, the terms "we," "us," "our" and "the Company" mean Boston Scientific Corporation and its divisions and subsidiaries. We assess the terms of our investment interests to determine if any of our investees meet the definition of a variable interest entity (VIE). For any VIEs, we perform an analysis to determine whether our variable interests give us a controlling financial interest. The analysis identifies the primary beneficiary of a VIE as the enterprise that has both 1) the power to direct activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and 2) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity. Based on our assessments under the applicable guidance, we did not have controlling financial interests in any VIEs and, therefore, did not consolidate any VIEs during 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and with the instructions to Form 10-K and Regulation S-X.

Amounts reported in millions within this Annual Report on Form 10-K are computed based on the amounts in thousands. As a result, the sum of the components may not equal the total amount reported in millions due to rounding. Certain columns and rows within tables may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. Percentages presented are calculated from the underlying unrounded numbers.

Subsequent Events

We evaluate events occurring after the date of our accompanying consolidated balance sheets for potential recognition or disclosure in our consolidated financial statements. Those items requiring recognition in the financial statements have been recorded and disclosed accordingly.

Those items requiring disclosure (non-recognized subsequent events) in the financial statements have been disclosed accordingly. Refer to Note B – Acquisitions and Strategic Investments and Note I – Commitments and Contingencies for further details.

Accounting Estimates

To prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of our consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of our revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our

actual results may differ from these estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We record Cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated balance sheets at cost, which approximates fair value. Our policy is to invest excess cash in short-term marketable securities earning a market rate of interest without assuming undue risk of loss of principal amounts invested and we limit our direct exposure to securities in any one industry or issuer. We consider cash equivalents to be all short-term marketable securities with remaining days to maturity of 90 days or less from the purchase date that can be readily converted to cash.

Restricted Cash

Amounts included in restricted cash represent cash on hand required to be set aside by a contractual agreement related to receivable factoring arrangements and deferred compensation plans and are included in Other current assets within our consolidated balance sheets. Generally, the restrictions related to the factoring arrangements lapse at the time we remit the customer payments collected by us for servicing previously sold customer receivables to the purchaser. Restrictions for deferred compensation lapse when amounts are paid to the employee.

Restricted Cash Equivalents

Restricted cash equivalents primarily represent amounts paid into various qualified settlement funds and current amounts related to our non-qualified pension plan and are included in Other current assets within our consolidated balance sheets. The restrictions related to the various qualified settlement funds will lapse as we approve amounts payable to claimants, at which time we no longer have rights to a return of the amounts paid into the various qualified settlement funds. Restricted cash equivalents included in Other long-term assets within our consolidated balance sheets are related to deferred compensation plans.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and accounts and notes receivable. Our investment policy limits exposure to concentrations of credit risk and changes in market conditions. Counterparties to financial instruments expose us to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance. We transact our financial instruments with a diversified group of major financial institutions with investment grade credit ratings and actively monitor their credit ratings and our outstanding positions to limit our credit exposure. In the normal course, our payment terms with customers, including distributors, hospitals, health care agencies, clinics, doctors' offices and other private and governmental institutions, are typically 30 days in the U.S. but may be longer in international markets and generally do not require collateral.

We record credit loss reserves to Allowance for credit losses when we establish Trade accounts receivableif credit losses are expected over the asset's contractual life. We base our estimates of credit loss reserves on historical experience and adjust, as necessary, to reflect current conditions using reasonable and supportable forecasts not already reflected in the historical loss information. We utilize an accounts receivable aging approach to determine the reserve to record at accounts receivable commencement for certain customers, applying country or region-specific factors. In performing the assessment of outstanding accounts receivable, regardless of country or region, we may consider significant factors relevant to collectability, including those specific to a customer such as bankruptcy, lengthy average payment cycles and type of account.

We write-off amounts determined to be uncollectible against this reserve. We are not dependent on any single institution, and no single customer accounted for more than ten percent of our net sales in 2024, 2023 and 2022; however, large group purchasing organizations, hospital networks, international distributors and dealers and other buying groups are important to our business and represent a substantial portion of our net sales.

We closely monitor outstanding receivables for potential collection risks, including those that may arise from economic conditions, in both the U.S. and international economies. Our sales to government-owned or supported customers, particularly in southern Europe, are subject to an increased number of days outstanding prior to payment relative to other countries. Further, the ongoing site-of-service trend of shifting procedure volumes in the U.S. toward non-hospital settings, particularly ambulatory surgery centers and office-based labs, continues. Many of these customers are smaller than those we have historically done business with and may have more limited liquidity. We have adjusted our estimates of credit loss reserves for these customers, regions and conditions, as appropriate. We believe our Allowance for credit losses is adequate as of December 31, 2024; however, if significant changes were to occur in the payment practices of government customers, or if there is an increase in bankruptcies among our ambulatory surgery center or office-based customers, we may not be able to collect on receivables due to us from these customers, and our write-offs of uncollectible accounts may increase.

Revenue Recognition

We sell our products primarily through a direct sales force. In certain international markets, we sell our products through independent distributors or dealers. We consider revenue to be earned when all of the following criteria are met in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

•We have a contract with a customer that creates enforceable rights and obligations,

•Promised products or services are identified,

•The transaction price, or the amount we expect to receive, is determinable and

•We have transferred control of the promised items to the customer.

Transfer of control is evidenced upon passage of title and risk of loss to the customer unless we are required to provide additional services. We treat shipping and handling costs performed after a customer obtains control of the good as a fulfillment cost and record these costs as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses when incurred. We recognize revenue from consignment arrangements based on product usage, or implant, which indicates that the sale is complete. We recognize a receivable at the point in time we have an unconditional right to payment. Payment terms are typically 30 days in the U.S. but may be longer in international markets.

Deferred Revenue

We record a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when we have an obligation to provide a product or service to the customer and payment is received or due in advance of our performance. When we sell a device with a future service obligation, we defer revenue on the unfulfilled performance obligation and recognize this revenue over the related service period. Many of our Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) product offerings combine the sale of a device with our LATITUDETM Patient Management System, which represents a future service obligation. Generally, we do not have observable evidence of the standalone selling price related to our future service obligations; therefore, we estimate the selling price using an expected cost plus a margin approach. We allocate the transaction price using the relative standalone selling price method. The use of alternative estimates could result in a different amount of revenue deferral.

Contract liabilities are classified within Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Our contract liabilities are primarily composed of deferred revenue related to the LATITUDETM Patient Management System. Revenue is recognized over the average service period which is based on device and patient longevity. Our contract liabilities also include deferred revenue related to the LUX-DxTM Insertable Cardiac Monitor system, also within our CRM business, for which revenue is recognized over the average service period based on device longevity and usage. We have elected not to disclose the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations when the original expected contract duration is one year or less. In addition, we have not identified material unfulfilled performance obligations for which revenue is not currently deferred.

Variable Consideration

We also offer sales rebates and discounts to certain customers. We treat sales rebates and discounts as a reduction of revenue and classify the corresponding liability as current. We estimate rebates for products where there is sufficient historical information available to predict the volume of expected future rebates. If we are unable to reasonably estimate the expected rebates, we record a liability for the maximum rebate percentage offered. We have entered certain agreements with group purchasing organizations to sell our products to participating hospitals at negotiated prices. We recognize revenue from these agreements following the same revenue recognition criteria discussed above.

Post-Implant Services

We provide non-contractual services to customers, where necessary, to ensure the safe and effective use of certain implanted devices. Because the revenue related to the immaterial non-contractual services is recognized before they are delivered, we forward accrue the costs to provide these services at the time the devices are sold. We record these costs to Selling, general and administrative expenses within our consolidated statements of operations. We estimate the amount of time spent by our representatives performing these services and their compensation throughout the device life to determine the service cost. Changes to our business practice or the use of alternative estimates could result in a different amount of accrued cost.

Warranty Obligations

We offer warranties on certain of our product offerings. The majority of our warranty liability relates to implantable devices offered by our CRM business, which include implantable defibrillator and pacemaker systems. These products come with a standard limited warranty covering the replacement of these devices. We offer a full warranty for a portion of the period post-implant and a partial warranty for a period of time thereafter. We estimate the costs that we may incur under our warranty programs based on the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim and record a liability equal to these estimated costs as Cost of products sold at the time the product sale occurs. We assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty liabilities on a quarterly basis and adjust these amounts as necessary.

Inventories

We state inventories at the lower of first-in, first-out cost or net realizable value. We utilize a standard costing system, capitalizing variances between estimated and actual production costs during periods of normal production, and amortize to Cost of products sold over inventory turns. We expense manufacturing variances during periods of abnormal production, or less than 75 percent of manufacturing capacity. We did not record any abnormal production variances during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Property, Plant and Equipment

We state property, plant, equipment and leasehold improvements at historical cost. We charge expenditures for maintenance and repairs to expense and capitalize additions and improvements that extend the life of the underlying asset. We provide for depreciation using the straight-line method at rates that approximate the estimated useful lives of the assets. We depreciate buildings over a maximum life of 40 years; building improvements over the remaining useful life of the building structure; equipment, furniture and fixtures over a three to seven year life; and leasehold improvements over the shorter of the useful life of the improvement or the term of the related lease.

Valuation of Business Combinations

We allocate the amounts we pay for each acquisition to the assets we acquire and liabilities we assume based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets and in-process research and development (IPR&D), which either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. We base the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination, including IPR&D, on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management, which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. We allocate to goodwill any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Transaction costs associated with these acquisitions are expensed as incurred through Selling, general and administrative expenses.

In cases where we acquire a company in which we previously held an equity stake, we attribute a portion of the purchase price to the previously-held equity interest, which is implied based on the total purchase consideration allocable to each of the shareholders, including Boston Scientific, according to priority of equity interests. We record a gain or loss in Other, net equal to the difference between the implied fair value of our prior ownership and the book value immediately prior to the acquisition.

Where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement, we recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments we expect to make as of the acquisition date. We re-measure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through Contingent consideration net expense (benefit) on our consolidated statements of operations. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability can result from changes in discount rates, periods, timing and amount of projected revenue or timing or likelihood of achieving regulatory, revenue or commercialization-based milestones. Payment of additional consideration is generally contingent on the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones after the acquisition date, including attaining specified revenue levels, achieving product development targets and/or obtaining regulatory approvals for products in development at the date of the acquisition.

Indefinite-lived Intangibles and IPR&D

Our indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are not subject to amortization, include IPR&D intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Our IPR&D represents intangible assets that are used in research and development activities but have not yet reached technological feasibility, regardless of whether they have alternative future use. The primary basis for determining the technological feasibility or completion of these projects is obtaining regulatory approval to market the underlying products in an applicable geographic region. We classify IPR&D as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Upon completion of the associated research and development efforts, we will determine the useful life of the technology and begin amortizing the assets to reflect their use over their remaining lives. Upon permanent abandonment, we write-off the remaining carrying amount of the associated IPR&D intangible asset.

We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually during the third quarter for impairment and reassess their classification as indefinite-lived assets. In addition, we review our indefinite-lived intangible assets for classification and impairment more frequently if impairment indicators exist. We assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that our indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, we then determine the fair value of the intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value with the carrying value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (FASB ASC Topic 350). If the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset, we write the carrying value down to the fair value.

We use the income approach to determine the fair values of our IPR&D. We base our revenue assumptions on estimates of relevant market sizes, expected market growth rates, expected trends in technology and expected levels of market share. In arriving at the value of the in-process projects, we consider, among other factors, the in-process projects’ stage of completion, the complexity of the work completed as of the acquisition date, the costs already incurred, the projected costs to complete, the contribution of other acquired assets, the expected regulatory path and introduction dates by region and the estimated useful life of the technology. See Note C – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for more information related to indefinite-lived intangibles, including IPR&D.

For asset purchases outside of business combinations, we expense any purchased research and development assets as of the acquisition date.

Amortization and Impairment of Intangible Assets

We record definite-lived intangible assets at historical cost and amortize them over their estimated useful lives. We use a straight-line method of amortization, unless a method that better reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used up can be reliably determined. The approximate useful lives for amortization of our intangible assets are as follows: patents and licenses, two to 20 years; amortizable technology-related and customer relationships, five to 25 years; other intangible assets, various. In addition, we classify internal use software as an intangible asset within our accompanying consolidated balance sheets and amortize over a one to 15 year useful life. Due to the operational nature of these assets, we record the amortization of our internal use software within Cost of products sold; Selling, general and administrative expenses and Research and development expenses, as appropriate within our accompanying consolidated statements of operations, and include in Amortization expense only that associated with intangible assets acquired in a business combination or asset acquisition, as well as internally-developed patents.

We review intangible assets subject to amortization quarterly to determine if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that would indicate impairment or a change in the remaining useful life. Conditions that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate that could affect the value of an asset, a product recall or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. If we determine it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired based on our qualitative assessment of impairment indicators, we test the intangible asset for

recoverability. For purposes of the recoverability test, we group our amortizable intangible assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows if the intangible asset does not generate cash flows independent of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying value of the intangible asset or asset group exceeds the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the intangible asset or asset group, we will write the carrying value down to fair value in the period impairment is identified.

We calculate fair value of our intangible assets as the present value of estimated future cash flows we expect to generate from the asset. In determining our estimated future cash flows associated with our intangible assets, we use estimates and assumptions about future revenue contributions, cost structures and remaining useful lives of the asset or asset group. See Note C – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for more information related to impairments of intangible assets.

For patents developed internally, we capitalize costs incurred to obtain patents, including attorney fees, registration fees, consulting fees and other expenditures directly related to securing the patent.

Goodwill Valuation

We allocate any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination to goodwill. We test our goodwill balances, utilizing both the qualitative and quantitative approach described in FASB ASC Topic 350, in the second quarter of each year as of April 1 for impairment, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest an impairment may exist.

In performing annual impairment assessments, the qualitative approach is used for testing reporting units where fair value has historically exceeded carrying value by greater than 100 percent, and all other reporting units are tested using the quantitative approach. When a quantitative test is performed, we typically use the income approach, specifically the Discounted Cash Flow method, to derive the fair value of each of our reporting units in preparing our goodwill impairment assessments. We historically selected this method as being the most meaningful in preparing our goodwill assessments because we believe the income approach most appropriately measures the fair value of our income producing assets. We make assumptions about the amount and timing of future expected cash flows, terminal value growth rates and appropriate discount rates. The amount and timing of future cash flows within our Discounted Cash Flow analysis is based on our most recent operational budgets, long range strategic plans and other estimates.

Investments in Publicly Traded and Privately-Held Entities

For publicly-held equity securities for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence, we account for these investments at fair value with changes in fair value recognized currently in Other, net within our accompanying consolidated statements of operations. For privately-held equity securities for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence, we apply the measurement alternative approach and measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, adjusted to fair value for any observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We account for investments in entities for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence under the equity method if we hold 50 percent or less of the voting stock and the entity is not a VIE in which we are the primary beneficiary in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. We record these investments initially at cost and adjust the carrying amount to reflect our share of the earnings or losses of the investee, including all adjustments similar to those made in preparing consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note B – Acquisitions and Strategic Investments for additional details on our investment balances.

Each reporting period, we evaluate our investments to determine if there are any events or circumstances that are likely to have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. Examples of such impairment indicators include, but are not limited to, a significant deterioration in earnings performance, recent financing rounds at reduced valuations, a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic or technological environment of an investee or a significant doubt about an investee’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we identify an impairment indicator, we will estimate the fair value of the investment and compare it to its carrying value. Our estimation of fair value considers financial information related to the

investee available to us, including valuations based on recent third-party equity investments in the investee. For our investments for which we apply the measurement alternative, if the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value, the investment is impaired and we recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between an investment’s carrying value and its fair value. For our equity method investments, if we determine an impairment is other-than-temporary, we recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between an investment’s carrying value and its fair value. We deem an impairment to be other-than-temporary unless available evidence indicates that the valuation is more likely than not to recover up to the carrying value of the investment in a reasonable period of time, and we have both the ability and intent to hold the investment for at least the period of time needed to recover the value.

Net gains and losses and impairments associated with our investment portfolio are included within Other, net in our consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when we expect the differences to reverse. Future changes in tax laws and rates may affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities. We reduce our deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion or all of the deferred tax assets.

With respect to uncertain tax positions, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, any tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured and recognized in the consolidated financial statements at the largest amount of benefit greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The amount relating to uncertain tax positions is classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheets to the extent that we anticipate making a payment within one year.

Interest and penalties associated with income taxes are classified within Income tax expense (benefit) in our consolidated statements of operations.

We have elected to treat the impact of Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI) as a period cost reported as part of continuing operations.

See Note H – Income Taxes for further information and discussion of our income tax provision and balances.

Legal and Product Liability Costs

We are involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings, including intellectual property, breach of contract, securities and product liability litigation. In some cases, the claimants seek damages, as well as other relief, which, if granted, could require significant expenditures or impact our ability to sell our products. We are also the subject of certain governmental investigations, which could result in substantial fines, penalties and administrative remedies. We maintain an insurance policy providing limited coverage against securities claims, and we are substantially self-insured with respect to product liability claims and fully self-insured with respect to intellectual property infringement claims. We accrue anticipated costs of settlement, damages, losses for product liability claims and, under certain conditions, costs of defense, based on historical experience or to the extent specific losses are probable and estimable. Otherwise, we expense these costs as incurred. If the estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within the range is more likely, we accrue the minimum amount of the range. We analyze litigation settlements to identify each element of the arrangement. We allocate arrangement consideration to patent licenses received based on estimates of fair value and capitalize these amounts as assets if the license will provide an ongoing future benefit. We record certain legal and product liability charges, credits and costs of defense, which we consider to be unusual or infrequent and significant as Litigation-related charges (credits) in our consolidated statements of operations; all other legal and product liability charges, credits and costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses within our consolidated statements of operations. See Note I – Commitments and Contingencies for discussion of our individual material legal proceedings.

Costs Associated with Exit Activities

We record employee termination costs in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 712,Compensation - Nonretirement and Postemployment Benefits, if we pay the benefits as part of an ongoing benefit arrangement, which includes benefits provided as part of our established severance policies or that we provide in accordance with international statutory requirements. We accrue employee termination costs associated with an ongoing benefit arrangement if the obligation is attributable to prior services rendered, the rights to the benefits have vested, the payment is probable and we can reasonably estimate the liability. We account for involuntary employee termination benefits that represent a one-time benefit in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (FASB ASC Topic 420). We record such costs into expense over the employee’s future service period, if any.

Other costs associated with exit activities may include contract termination costs and consulting fees, which are expensed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 420 and are included within Restructuring net charges (credits) in our consolidated statements of operations. We recorded Restructuring net charges (credits) of $16 million in 2024, $69 million in 2023 and $24 million in 2022. The restructuring reserve balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $26 million and $41 million, respectively. Additionally, costs directly related to our active restructuring initiatives, including program management costs, accelerated depreciation, fixed asset write-offs and costs to transfer product lines among facilities are included within Costs of products sold, Selling, general and administrative expenses and Research and development expenses within our consolidated statements of operations. Impairment of right of use lease assets and lease termination costs directly related to our active restructuring initiatives are expensed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases (FASB ASC Topic 842) and included within Costs of products sold or Selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

Translation of Foreign Currency

We translate all assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries from the functional currency, which is generally the local currency, into U.S. dollars using the year-end exchange rate. We show the net effect of these translation adjustments within our consolidated financial statements as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. We translate revenues and expenses at the average exchange rates in effect during the year. For any significant foreign subsidiaries located in highly inflationary economies, we re-measure their financial statements as if the functional currency were the U.S. dollar.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included within Other, net in our consolidated statements of operations, net of gains and losses from any related derivative financial instruments.

Financial Instruments

We recognize all derivative financial instruments in our consolidated financial statements at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (FASB ASC Topic 815), and we present assets and liabilities associated with our derivative financial instruments on a gross basis in our consolidated financial statements. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, for those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the hedging instrument must be designated, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for, and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship, as well as on the type of hedging relationship. Our derivative instruments do not subject our earnings to material risk, as gains and losses on these derivatives generally offset gains and losses on the item being hedged, and we do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes. Refer to Note D – Hedging Activities and Fair Value Measurements for more information on our hedging instruments.

Research and Development

We expense research and development (R&D) costs, including new product development programs, regulatory compliance and clinical research as incurred. Refer to Indefinite-lived Intangibles and IPR&D above for our policy regarding R&D projects acquired in connection with our business combinations and asset purchases.

NOTE B – ACQUISITIONS AND STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS

Our consolidated financial statements include the operating results for acquired entities from the respective dates of acquisition. We have not presented supplemental pro forma financial information for completed acquisitions or divestitures given their results are not material to our consolidated financial statements. Further, transaction costs were immaterial to our consolidated financial statements and were expensed as incurred.

On January 24, 2025, we completed our acquisition of 100 percent of Cortex, Inc. (Cortex), a privately held medical technology company focused on the development of a diagnostic mapping solution which may identify triggers and drivers outside of the pulmonary veins that are foundational to atrial fibrillation (AF). The transaction consisted of an upfront cash payment of $248 million, net of cash acquired, and up to approximately $50 million in future payments upon achievement of certain regulatory milestones. The Cortex business will be integrated into our Cardiology division.

On January 8, 2025, we announced our entry into a definitive agreement to acquire Bolt Medical, Inc. (Bolt Medical), the developer of an intravascular lithotripsy advanced laser-based platform for the treatment of coronary and peripheral artery disease. We have been an investor in Bolt Medical since 2019 and currently hold an equity stake of approximately 26 percent. The transaction price to acquire the remaining stake is expected to result in an upfront cash payment of approximately $443 million upon closing and up to an additional $221 million in future payments upon achievement of certain regulatory milestones. The transaction is expected to close during the first half of 2025, subject to customary closing conditions. The Bolt Medical business will be integrated into our Cardiology and Peripheral Interventions divisions.

On November 25, 2024, we announced our entry into a definitive agreement to acquire 100 percent of Intera Oncology®, Inc. (Intera), a privately held medical device company that provides the Intera 3000 Hepatic Artery Infusion Pump and floxuridine – a chemotherapy drug – both of which are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Intera 3000 pump is used to administer hepatic artery infusion therapy to treat tumors in the liver primarily caused by metastatic colorectal cancer. The purchase price consists of an upfront cash payment of approximately $175 million. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2025, subject to customary closing conditions. The Intera business will be integrated into our Peripheral Interventions division.

2024 Acquisitions

On September 17, 2024, we completed our acquisition of 100 percent of the outstanding equity of Silk Road Medical, Inc. (Silk Road Medical), a publicly traded medical device company that has developed an innovative platform of products to prevent stroke in patients with carotid artery disease through a minimally-invasive procedure called transcarotid artery revascularization. The transaction consisted of an upfront cash payment of $27.50 per share, or approximately $1.126 billion, net of cash acquired. The Silk Road Medical business is being integrated into our Peripheral Interventions division.

On November 15, 2024, we completed our acquisition of 100 percent of the outstanding equity of Axonics, Inc. (Axonics), a public medical technology company focused on the development and commercialization of differentiated devices to treat urinary and bowel dysfunction. The transaction consisted of an upfront cash payment of $71.00 per share, or approximately $3.409 billion, net of cash acquired. The Axonics business is being integrated into our Urology division.

Purchase Price Allocation

We accounted for these transactions as business combinations in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (FASB ASC Topic 805). The preliminary purchase prices were comprised of the amounts presented below:

(in millions) Silk Road Medical Axonics

Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired $ 1,126 $ 3,409

We recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values as of the closing date of the transaction. The preliminary purchase price allocations were comprised of the components presented below, which represent the preliminary determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired recorded to goodwill. The final determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities will be completed within the measurement period in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805.

(in millions) Silk Road Medical Axonics

Amortizable intangible assets 507 1,242

Liabilities assumed (45) (167)

Net deferred tax liabilities (23) (237)

Goodwill was primarily established for Silk Road Medical and Axonics due to synergies expected to be gained from leveraging our existing operations, as well as revenue and cash flow projections associated with future technologies, none of which is deductible for tax purposes.

We allocated a portion of the purchase price to the specific intangible asset categories as follows:

Silk Road Medical:

Amortizable intangible assets:

Customer relationships 61 12 13%

Axonics

Amortizable intangible assets:

Customer relationships 85 12 10%

Our technology-related intangible assets consist of technical processes, intellectual property and institutional understanding with respect to products and processes that we intend to leverage in future products or processes. We used the multi-period excess earnings method, a form of the income approach, to derive the fair value of the technology-related intangible assets and are amortizing them on a straight-line basis over their assigned estimated useful lives.

2023 Acquisitions

On February 20, 2023, we completed the acquisition of a majority stake investment in Acotec, a publicly traded Chinese manufacturer of drug-coated balloons and other products used in the treatment of vascular and other diseases. We consolidated this majority stake investment in Acotec based on the conclusion we control the entity, and recorded a noncontrolling interest for the portion we do not own. We acquired approximately 65 percent of the outstanding shares of Acotec, for an upfront cash payment of HK$20.00 per share, or $519 million at foreign currency exchange rates at closing. The Acotec portfolio complements our existing Peripheral Interventions portfolio.

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BSX · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

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BSX · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

BSX US Equity