aort-20241231

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-13165

ARTIVION, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1655 Roberts Boulevard N.W., Kennesaw, GA30144

(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (770) 419-3355

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value AORT New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yesx No o

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes oNox

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesx No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yesx No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one).

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o

Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o

Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 USC. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of June 30, 2024 the aggregate market value of the voting stock of the Registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1,016,967,660 computed using the closing price of $25.65 per share of Common Stock on June 30, 2024, the last trading day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, based on management’s belief that Registrant has no affiliates other than its directors and executive officers.

As of February 21, 2025 the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the registrant was 42,047,888.

Documents Incorporated By Reference

Document Parts Into Which Incorporated

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PART I

Item 1. Business 5

Item 1A. Risk Factors 24

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 38

Item 1C. Cybersecurity 38

Item 2. Properties 39

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 40

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 40

PART II

Item 6. [Reserved] 41

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 52

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 53

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 95

Item 9B. Other Information 95

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevent Inspections 95

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance 96

Item 11. Executive Compensation 98

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 98

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 99

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements give our expectations or forecasts of future events as of the date of this Form 10-K. In some cases, words such as “could,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “shall,” “should,” “pro forma,” “potential,” “pending,” “intend,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “future,” “assume,” and variations of these types of words or other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are made as of the date of this Form 10-K.

All statements included herein, other than statements of historical facts, that address activities, events, or developments that we expect or anticipate will or may occur in the future, or that reflect our beliefs about the future and/or expectations, are forward-looking statements, including statements about the following:

•Our belief that new products, new indications, global expansion, and business development are the four growth areas that will drive our business in the future;

•The potential impact that public health crises and geopolitical conflicts may have on demand for and sales of our products and services, business operations, manufacturing operations, supply chain, cash flow, workforce, clinical and regulatory timelines, and our research and development projects;

•The potential impact of general global, regional, or national economic downturns and macroeconomic trends, including heightened inflation, interest rate, currency fluctuations, and proposed tariffs, as well as general or localized economic slowdowns or recessions may have on demand for and sales of our products and services, including ordering trends for international distributors based on currency fluctuations against the US dollar, and our business operations, manufacturing operations, supply chain, and workforce;

•Our beliefs about the robustness of our global supply chain in light of current global and macroeconomic conditions and about the potential impact of supply chain disruptions, particularly disruptions to single and sole source suppliers and third-party manufacturing partners;

•Our beliefs about our R&D and product pipeline, including our beliefs about the timing and results of our clinical trials, approvals, and product commercialization and launches;

•Our beliefs and anticipation regarding the favorable attributes, benefits, and clinical advantages of our products and services, the basis on which our products and services compete, the benefits of our physician education activities, and the advantages of our relationships with organ and tissue procurement organizations and tissue banks;

•Our beliefs about the future regulatory status of our medical devices and processed tissues, our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and our ability to make timely transitions to our Notified Bodies and obtain renewals for our Conformité Européenne Mark product certification impacted by Brexit and the transition to the Medical Device Regulation in Europe, and the impact these transitions, renewals, and related processes may have on our business, including any impact on our customers' ordering patterns and our ability to supply products;

•Our beliefs regarding our global expansion efforts, including the international growth opportunity provided by obtaining regulatory approval for BioGlue in China;

•Our beliefs about the potential impact on our business of changes to regulations, regulators, Notified Bodies, and related matters;

•Our beliefs about the advantages of our intellectual property and its significance to our segments and our business as a whole, and our beliefs about the present value and potential impairment of our intangible assets and leases;

•Our beliefs about our workforce, including our ability to attract and retain talent at all levels, and about our relationship with our workforce, including our works council in Germany and union in Brazil;

•Our beliefs about potential information security vulnerabilities, and the associated potential adverse effects on our business;

•Our beliefs about the business impact of, and expenses associated with the 2024 Cybersecurity Incident, and our beliefs about the cybersecurity threat environment;

•The dependencies affecting our ability to realize the anticipated business opportunities, growth prospects, synergies, and other benefits of the agreements with Endospan and Baxter and our acquisition of Ascyrus, and our beliefs about the costs and timelines for certain regulatory approvals and clinical trial milestones;

•Our beliefs regarding the fair value of our acquisitions, divestitures, and other business development activities and the estimates and assumptions about the future achievements of milestones and future revenues and cash flows related to those business development activities, including our ability to achieve the milestones in the Ascyrus and Baxter transactions;

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•Our belief that revenues for preservation services, particularly revenues for certain high-demand cardiac tissues, can vary from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year due to a variety of factors including: quantity and type of incoming tissues, yields of tissue through the preservation process, timing of receipt of donor information, staffing levels, timing of the release of tissues to an implantable status, demand for certain tissue types due to the number and type of procedures being performed, and pressures from competing products or services;

•Our beliefs regarding the seasonal nature of the demand for some of our products and services and the reasons for such seasonality, if any, and regarding the impact of consignment inventory on product sales, if any;

•Our belief that our cash from operations and existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to meet our current operational liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months, our expectations regarding future cash requirements and expenditures, and the impact that our cash requirements might have on our cash flows for the next twelve months;

•Our expectation regarding the impact on cash flows of undertaking significant business development activities and the potential need to obtain additional debt financing or equity financing;

•Our belief that we will incur expenses for research and development projects, including for clinical research projects to gain regulatory approvals for products or indications, including existing products, and for new products and technologies which will likely require additional investment, research, and new clinical studies or data;

•Our beliefs about market opportunity and our ability to capture market share;

•Our beliefs about pending and potential legal or other governmental or regulatory proceedings;

•Our expectations regarding the timing and impact of clinical research work and regulatory approvals for certain products or indications, including On-X products, aortic stent grafts, and surgical sealants, and the CryoValve SG pulmonary heart valve if the US Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) reclassifies allograft heart valves as Class III medical devices;

•Our beliefs and expectations regarding the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards from our acquisitions of JOTEC GmbH, On-X Life Technologies, Inc., Hemosphere, Inc., and Cardiogenesis Corporation;

•Our beliefs about our operating results which may fluctuate significantly on a periodic basis as a result of internal and external factors, including reduced demand for our products, the potential impact of new therapies, healthcare workforce trends and labor disputes, regulatory challenges, the availability of products, materials, and supplies, strategic actions we take such as acquisitions or divestitures, unanticipated costs and expenses, market reception of our new or improved product offerings, and interest rate and currency fluctuations; and

•Other statements regarding projections of future financial and business performance; anticipated growth and trends in our business and the markets relevant to our business, including how our growth relates to our competitors; the robustness and reliability of our workforce and supply chain; future production capacity and product supply; the availability and benefits of our products in the future; and the expected timing and impact of our strategic initiatives.

These and other forward-looking statements reflect the views of management at the time such statements are originally made based on certain assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions, and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstancesand are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, estimates, and assumptions. Whether actual results and developments will conform with our expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from our expectations, including, without limitation, in addition to those specified in the text surrounding such statements, the risk factors discussed in Item 1A of this Form 10-K and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K are qualified by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by us will be realized, or even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, us or our business or operations. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Form 10-K and in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K do not reflect the potential impact of any divestitures, mergers, acquisitions, or other business combinations that have not been completed as of the date of this filing. We assume no obligation, and expressly disclaim any duty, to update publicly any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

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PART I

Item 1. Business.

Overview

Artivion, Inc. (“Artivion,” the “Company,” “we,” or “us”), is a leader in the manufacturing, processing, and distribution of medical devices and implantable human tissues used in cardiac and vascular surgical procedures for patients with aortic disease. We have four major product families: aortic stent grafts, surgical sealants, On-X® mechanical heart valves and related surgical products (“On-X” products), and implantable cardiac and vascular human tissues. Aortic stent grafts include aortic arch stent grafts, abdominal stent grafts, and synthetic vascular grafts. Aortic arch stent grafts include our E-vita® Open NEO, E-vita Open Plus, the Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (“AMDS”) hybrid prosthesis, the NEXUS ONETM (“NEXUS ONE”), NEXUS DUOTM (“NEXUS DUO”), and NEXUS TRETM (“NEXUS TRE”) aortic arch stent graft systems (the “NEXUS family of products”), and E-vita Thoracic 3G products. Abdominal stent grafts include our E-xtra Design Engineering (including ArtivexTM), E-nsideTM, E-tegraTM, E-ventusTM BX, TuvaTM BX, and E-liacTM products. Surgical sealants include our BioGlue® Surgical Adhesive products (“BioGlue”). In addition to these four major product families, we sell or distribute PhotoFix® bovine surgical patches (“PhotoFix”) and CardioGenesis® cardiac laser therapy (prior to our abandonment of the business as of June 30, 2023). We began to manufacture and supply PerClot® hemostatic powder (“PerClot”) during the second quarter of 2023 (as part of the Transitional Manufacturing and Supply Agreement (“TMSA”) of the Baxter Transaction, described below).

On January 1, 2022 we converted our state of incorporation from Florida to Delaware, and on January 18, 2022 we changed our name from CryoLife, Inc. to Artivion, Inc. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol of “AORT” and traded under the symbol “CRY” prior to January 24, 2022.

Corporate Structure

Our main operating subsidiaries include JOTEC GmbH (“JOTEC”), a Hechingen, Germany-based endovascular and surgical products company acquired on December 1, 2017, On-X Life Technologies, Inc. (“On-X LTI”), an Austin, Texas-based mechanical heart valve company acquired on January 20, 2016, Ascyrus Medical GmbH, a manufacturing entity founded in September 2020, as well as approximately twenty additional country entities to provide sales and marketing support throughout the world.

Segments and Geographic Information

We have two reportable segments organized according to our products and services: Medical Devices and Preservation Services. The Medical Devices segment includes revenues from sales of aortic stent grafts, surgical sealants, On-X products, and other product revenues. The Preservation Services segment includes services revenues from the preservation of cardiac and vascular implantable human tissues. See Part II, Item 8, Note 16 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information on our segments and for our geographic information.

Strategy

Artivion is committed to partnering with surgeons and cardiologists to deliver innovative technologies of unsurpassed quality that restore the health of patients with aortic disease. Our strategic plan is focused on four growth areas that we expect to drive our business in the future as follows:

•New Products – Through product development and commercialization of new and next-generation products and services focused on aortic repair;

•New Indications – Through regulatory approvals in new markets and for new products, and through approvals for expanded indications for our existing products and services;

•Global Expansion – By entering new international markets, establishing new international direct sales territories, and developing our commercial infrastructure in new markets, including emerging markets, such as China and Brazil; and

•Business Development – By pursuing select acquisitions, licensing, and distribution opportunities that are aligned to our objectives and complement our existing products, services, and infrastructure. Examples include our acquisitions of JOTEC, On-X LTI, and Ascyrus Medical LLC (“Ascyrus”), and our distribution agreement and purchase option for the NEXUS family of products. To the extent that we identify, develop, or acquire non-core products or applications, we may dispose of these assets or pursue licensing or distribution agreements with third-party partners for development or commercialization such as the sale of the PerClot product line.

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Markets, Products, Services, and Competition

Our medical devices and preservation services are primarily used by cardiac and vascular surgeons to treat patients with aortic disease, including heart valve disease, aortic aneurysms and dissections, and, to a lesser extent, other conditions in cardiac and vascular surgery.

We face competition from several domestic and international medical device, pharmaceutical, and biopharmaceutical companies and from both for-profit and non-profit tissue processors. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater financial and personnel resources than we have. Some of these competitors might have greater experience in developing products, procuring tissues, conducting clinical trials, and obtaining regulatory approvals, and they might have large contracts with hospitals under which they can obtain purchase requirements that place our products at a disadvantage. Some of these competitors might obtain patent protection or approval or clearance by the FDA or foreign regulators sooner than we do. Some might have superior manufacturing efficiency, tissue processing capacity, and/or marketing capabilities. We cannot ensure that our current or future competitors will not succeed in developing alternative technologies, products, or services that have advantages over those that have been, or are being, developed by us or that would render our products or technologies obsolete or non-competitive. Any of these competitive disadvantages could materially, adversely affect us.

We discuss the disease states in which we compete and our products, services, and technologies that treat these diseases below.

Aortic Disease

Aortic Valve Disease

Patients with heart disease can experience valve insufficiency, regurgitation, or stenosis that may require heart valve repair or replacement surgery. Patients with congenital cardiac defects such as tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosus, and pulmonary atresia can require complex cardiac reconstructive surgery to repair the defect. A variety of tissues and synthetic materials are implanted in these cardiac procedures. Implantable human tissues (allografts) and animal tissues (xenografts) as well as other synthetic materials may be used in cardiac procedures. Implantable devices may be entirely synthetic, such as mechanical heart valves, or contain both synthetic materials and xenograft tissue components, such as bioprosthetic heart valves. These devices may be implanted surgically through open heart surgery, or in some cases, without sternotomy through transcatheter valve replacement.

Mechanical heart valves are durable and often last for the remainder of a patient’s life without replacement, even for relatively young patients with long life expectancies. Mechanical heart valves are readily available and are a less expensive solution for those requiring a heart valve replacement. Patients who receive mechanical heart valves are required to undergo long-term blood thinning or anticoagulation drug therapy to minimize the risk of thromboembolism, stroke, or other complications from the formation of blood clots.

Bioprosthetic heart valves are readily available and are a relatively inexpensive solution for those requiring a valve replacement. Bioprosthetic heart valves contain bovine, equine, or porcine tissues that are typically processed with glutaraldehyde, which may result in progressive calcification, or hardening of the tissue over time, reducing the lifespan of the device. Bioprosthetic heart valves usually have a life of 7 to 15 years, after which the valve typically must be replaced. Patients receiving a bioprosthetic heart valve may not require long-term anticoagulation drug therapy, although some of these patients may require anticoagulation drug therapy for other heart or vascular conditions that are common in this patient population.

Multiple heart valve replacements, each requiring open heart surgery, can be a significant concern for patients, particularly younger patients that tend to choose mechanical heart valves over bioprosthetic heart valves. On the other hand, the requirement that mechanical heart valve recipients undergo long-term anticoagulation drug therapy can be a concern for patients that may lead some patients to choose bioprosthetic heart valves over mechanical heart valves.

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Both mechanical heart valves and bioprosthetic heart valves contain a synthetic sewing ring to facilitate surgical implantation of the device. The sewing rings of both mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves are synthetic materials that may harbor bacteria and lead to endocarditis and infection that can be difficult to treat with antibiotics. Patients with an infected mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valve may require valve replacement surgery. The 2013 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Guidelines, as published in the Annals of Thoracic Surgery, have increased the indication (from Class II to Class I) and broadened the scope for using an aortic allograft, or a human heart valve, during aortic valve replacement surgery due to endocarditis. The Class I indication means that an aortic allograft is the recommended course of treatment when endocarditis has functionally destroyed the aortic valve annulus. The previous Class II indication meant that it was an acceptable course of treatment.

Human heart valves are used in valve replacement procedures. Human heart valves allow for more normal blood flow, often provide higher cardiac output than mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves, and do not require long-term anticoagulation drug therapy. Human tissue responds better to treatment for infections, and consequently, for many physicians, human heart valves are the preferred alternative to animal-derived and mechanical heart valves for patients who have, or are at risk to contract, endocarditis. Human tissue valves also are not as susceptible to progressive calcification as glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprosthetic tissues. A Ross Procedure may be a preferred surgical technique by physicians and patients, particularly for young patients, due to the human heart valve’s long-term resistance to calcification and the patient’s relative freedom from re-intervention surgery. In a Ross Procedure, a diseased aortic valve is replaced with a patient’s own pulmonary valve, which is in turn replaced with a donated human pulmonary valve.

Human tissue patches are used in a variety of cardiac repair procedures. Human vascular tissues are used in cardiac and vascular bypass surgery. The transplant of any human tissue that has not been preserved, however, must be accomplished within extremely short time limits. Cryopreservation, or cooling and storing at extremely cold temperatures, expands the treatment options available by extending these timelines. Cryopreserved human tissue patches and human vascular tissues are available for use in a variety of cardiac and vascular procedures.

We currently market the On-X aortic and mitral mechanical heart valves for valve replacement procedures. We also market our cardiac preservation services, including our CryoValve® and CryoValve SG human tissues, for heart valve replacement surgeries and our CryoPatch® and CryoPatch SG human tissues for cardiac repair procedures. Our PhotoFix product is a bovine patch device used for cardiac and vascular repair.

Aortic Aneurysms

The aorta is the main artery that carries blood out of the heart from the aortic valve to the rest of the body. It extends upwards from the heart through the aortic arch and then down through the chest and into the abdomen, where it divides into arteries that supply each leg. The aorta is comprised of five segments: ascending, arch, thoracic, thoraco-abdominal, and abdominal. In some patients, part of the aorta can become abnormally large or bulge, referred to as an “aneurysm.”

An aneurysm results from a weakening in the wall of an aorta, which causes the aorta to progressively “balloon” or expand in size. Although an aneurysm can develop anywhere along the aorta, most occur in the section running through the abdomen (abdominal aortic aneurysms or “AAA”). Others occur in the section that runs through the chest (thoracic aortic aneurysms or “TAA”) or the area between the chest and the abdomen (thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms or “TAAA”). The precise cause of aortic aneurysms is uncertain, but risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and being male. As an aneurysm grows, the wall of the aorta is progressively weakened until it can split or tear resulting in a ruptured aorta or an aortic dissection. Left untreated, aortic aneurysms can result in a ruptured aorta, leading to death.

There are two types of aortic aneurysm repair: open surgical repair and endovascular repair. Open surgical repair can result in reasonable long-term survival but carries risks especially in older patients and those with other serious medical conditions. During open surgical repair, a vascular graft is implanted from above the aneurysm to below the aneurysm in the aorta. Blood will then flow through the graft. This surgery reinforces the diseased aorta and reduces the chance of vessel rupture.

Endovascular repair is a minimally invasive procedure, during which a stent graft is delivered through the femoral artery to the area in the aorta needing repair. The stent graft expands inside the aorta and becomes the new channel for blood flow. The stent graft shields the aneurysm and helps prevent more pressure from building on it, thus preventing it from rupturing.

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Following our acquisition of JOTEC, we began commercialization of a broad portfolio of endovascular products for repair of aortic aneurysms. These include highly differentiated products, such as E-xtra Design Engineering, a portfolio of stent grafts tailor-made for a patient’s anatomy for TAAA repair, and the E-liacTM for repair of aneurysms in the iliac arteries, as well as less differentiated products, including the E-vita® Thoracic 3G for TAA repair and the E-tegraTM for AAA repair.

Aortic Dissections

An aortic dissection occurs when the innermost layer of the aorta tears and blood surges through the tear separating the inner layer from the outer layers of the aorta. Younger patients with inherited connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, and patients with bicuspid aortic valves (two leaflets on the valve instead of three) are more likely to develop aortic dissection. In addition, as an aneurysm grows, the wall of the aorta is progressively weakened until it can split or tear, resulting in a ruptured aorta or an aortic dissection. Left untreated, an aortic dissection often results in a ruptured aorta, leading to death.

Aortic dissections often begin in the ascending aorta or aortic arch and may also have an aneurysm or an aortic dissection extending down the descending thoracic aorta. Often, the dissection in the aortic arch and the condition in the descending thoracic aorta are repaired in a two-stage procedure, with one open surgical procedure to repair the arch followed by another procedure to repair the descending thoracic aorta. We sell the E-vita Open Plus, E-vita Open NEO, and AMDS as well as distribute the NEXUS family of products to treat these conditions impacting the aortic arch and thoracic aorta.

Other Disease States – Peripheral Vascular Disease and End Stage Renal Disease

Patients with peripheral vascular disease can experience reduced blood flow, usually in the arms and legs. This can result in poor circulation, pain, and sores that do not heal. Failure to achieve revascularization of an obstructed vessel may result in the loss of a limb or even death of the patient. When patients require peripheral bypass surgery, the surgeon’s first choice generally is a graft of the patient’s own tissue (an autograft). In cases of advanced vascular disease, however, patients may not have suitable vascular tissue for transplantation. Other vascular repair procedures include procedures related to infected abdominal aortic grafts, vascular access for dialysis patients, carotid endarterectomy, and vessel repair. These procedures may include the use of bioprosthetic grafts or patches, synthetic grafts or patches, or donated human vascular tissues. Alternative treatments may include the repair, partial removal, or complete removal of the damaged tissue.

End-stage renal disease (“ESRD”) refers to the stage of renal disease when the kidneys do not work well enough for the patient to live without on-going dialysis or kidney transplant. Patients with ESRD often undergo hemodialysis through an access site with an implanted vascular graft. We market our CryoVein® femoral vein and CryoArtery® femoral artery vascular preservation services for vascular access.

Bioprosthetic vascular grafts and patches, including those made of bovine or porcine tissue, can be used for a variety of vascular repair procedures. Bioprosthetic grafts are readily available and are a relatively inexpensive solution for those requiring a vascular repair procedure. Bioprosthetic tissues are typically processed with glutaraldehyde, which may result in progressive calcification.

Synthetic vascular grafts and patches can be used for a variety of vascular repair procedures. Synthetic grafts are readily available and are a relatively inexpensive solution for those requiring a vascular repair procedure. Synthetic grafts and patches, however, are generally not suitable for use in infected areas because they may harbor bacteria and are difficult to treat with antibiotics. Synthetic vascular grafts have a tendency to obstruct over time, particularly in below-the-knee surgeries.

Human vascular tissues tend to respond better to treatment for infection and remain open and accessible for longer periods of time and, as such, are used in indications where synthetic grafts typically fail, such as in infected areas and for below-the-knee surgeries. Human vascular and arterial tissues are also used in a variety of other reconstruction procedures such as cardiac bypass surgery and as vascular access grafts for hemodialysis patients. The transplant of human tissue that has not been preserved must be accomplished within extremely short time limits. Cryopreservation expands the treatment options available by extending these timelines.

We market our vascular preservation services, including our CryoVein and CryoArtery tissues, and a synthetic surgical graft portfolio for peripheral vascular reconstruction surgeries.

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Product Categories and Products

On-X Mechanical Heart Valves

The On-X product line includes the On-X prosthetic aortic and mitral heart valves and the On-X ascending aortic prosthesis (“AAP”). We also distribute CarbonAid® CO2 diffusion catheters and sell Chord-X® ePTFE sutures for mitral chordal replacement, and we offer pyrolytic carbon coating services to other medical device manufacturers as part of the On-X family of products.

On-X heart valves are bileaflet mechanical valves composed of a graphite substrate coated with our silicon-free pyrolytic carbon coating that provides a smooth microstructure surface. We believe that the smooth pyrolytic carbon surface and other characteristics of the valve, such as full, 90-degree leaflet opening of the valve and flared valve inlet, contribute to the flow dynamics of the On-X valve. The On-X AAP is an On-X aortic valve combined with a synthetic vascular graft to allow physicians to more conveniently treat patients requiring both an aortic valve replacement and replacement of a portion of the ascending aorta with an aortic graft. Each device is available in a range of valve sizes in a variety of sewing ring options to suit physicians’ preferences, along with dedicated instruments to facilitate valve sizing and implantation. On-X heart valves are FDA approved for the replacement of diseased, damaged, or malfunctioning native or prosthetic heart valves in the aortic and mitral positions and are classified as a Class III medical device. We also hold a Conformité Européene Mark product certification (“CE Mark”) for On-X heart valves.

All mechanical heart valve patients require long-term anticoagulation drug therapy with a drug called warfarin to reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke. Because warfarin can also cause a risk of harmful bleeding, dosage must be monitored and may require adjustment over time. Certain dietary restrictions may also be imposed on warfarin patients.

In 2015 the FDA approved the On-X aortic valve for use with a lower INR (International Normalized Ratio), which means that patients with On-X aortic heart valves can be managed on lower doses of warfarin for anticoagulation. This new indication was, and still is, unique to the On-X aortic valve and was based on a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial called PROACT comparing a reduced versus standard warfarin dose for On-X heart valve recipients. In the aortic valve replacement arm of the trial, the reduced warfarin dose group had 60% fewer bleeding events without an increased risk of stroke. The 2020 American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology guidelines specifically mentioned On-X aortic heart valves as the only mechanical aortic heart valve that can be managed at a low INR of 1.5-2.0. Recent real-world data presented at the 2023 Annual European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Conference showed one-year outcomes for 510 On-X aortic heart valve patients at low INR (1.5-2.0) reduces risk of major bleeding by more than 84%, proving safe for patients with no significant increase in thromboembolic events and no valve thrombosis. Furthermore, this was confirmed by the five-year outcomes from this cohort that determined in a real-world setting, the On-X aortic heart valve managed at a low INR of 1.5-2.0 (after 3 months of standard therapy) demonstrated an 87% reduction in major bleeding with no increase in thromboembolic events and no valve thrombosis when compared to standard INR of 2.0-3.0.

While use of a lower INR has been approved for the On-X aortic heart valve, such use in mechanical mitral heart valves has not been approved by the FDA.

On-X heart valves compete primarily with mechanical valves from Abbott Laboratories, Medtronic, plc. (“Medtronic”), and Corcym S.r.l. (who completed acquisition of the LivaNova heart valve business in June 2021) (“Corcym”). On-X heart valves compete with these products based on their features and benefits, such as full, 90-degree leaflet opening, pure pyrolytic carbon, flared inlet, and approved labeling claim for reduced INR for aortic valves.

We began selling On-X heart valves in January 2016 following our acquisition of On-X LTI. We sell On-X heart valves throughout the world including North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (collectively, “EMEA”), Asia Pacific (“APAC”), and Latin America (“LATAM”).

Aortic Stent Grafts

Hybrid stent grafts, surgical grafts, and endovascular stent grafts can be used in the treatment of complex thoracic and abdominal aortic disease, such as aortic dissections and aortic aneurysms, as well as in other aortic and peripheral procedures.

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Thoracic Stents and Stent Grafts

E-vita Open NEO

The E-vita Open NEO is the next generation of the E-vita Open Plus hybrid stent graft, with an updated delivery system and improved handling. We obtained a CE Mark for E-vita Open NEO in the first quarter of 2020 and began full product launch in the fourth quarter of 2020.

E-vita Open NEO is a hybrid stent graft system used in the treatment of patients with either an aneurysm or dissection in the aortic arch and in the descending thoracic aorta. The E-vita Open NEO stent graft system enables a one-stage treatment to repair this condition through a combined surgical and endovascular treatment, providing a more cost-effective solution for the healthcare system and allowing the patient to avoid an additional operation.

We obtained marketing approvals in addition to the CE Mark for the E-vita Open NEO in other countries throughout the world. The E-vita Open NEO competes outside the US with products from Terumo Medical Corporation (“Terumo”, formerly Vascutek) and two smaller companies. We do not currently sell E-vita Open NEO in the US. The E-vita Open NEO competes in Europe primarily on its proven stent graft technology and long-term clinical data. The CE Mark for the E-vita Open Plus expired in 2022 and is only sold in limited countries including Brazil.

AMDSTM

We acquired Ascyrus in September 2020. Ascyrus developed the AMDS hybrid prosthesis, the world's first aortic arch remodeling device for use in the treatment of acute Type A aortic dissection. Hemi-arch reconstruction is the standard of care for the treatment of acute Type A aortic dissection. AMDS is used as a complement to, and in conjunction with, hemi-arch reconstruction without adding technical complexity to this life-saving procedure. The design of the AMDS allows for rapid deployment of the graft in the aortic arch during a standard replacement of the ascending aorta, adding on average approximately five minutes for deployment with additional time for suturing to complete the standard procedure. The deployment of the AMDS preserves the native arch, potentially allowing for minimally invasive re-interventions as needed, including the repair of additional entry tears, rather than an invasive arch repair. In the Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent clinical trial supporting its CE Mark and Health Canada approvals, the AMDS was shown to reduce mortality, complications, and reoperations compared to the standard of care, thereby improving the care of patients and offering significant cost savings for the health care system.

AMDS indirectly competes with other manufacturers’ standard open surgical repair and hybrid procedures including aortic debranching and frozen elephant trunk technique for total arch replacement. We began selling AMDS in September 2020 following the acquisition of Ascyrus. We sell AMDS in EMEA, Canada, APAC, and LATAM. We had minimal sales of AMDS in the US in 2023 under the investigational device exemptions (“IDE”) and through special grants of continued access in 2024 while waiting for PMA approval in the US. Enrollment for the PERSEVERE clinical trial to gain US approval was completed in November of 2023. In December 2024 the FDA granted a humanitarian device exemption (“HDE”) for use of the AMDSTM Hybrid Prosthesis in acute DeBakey Type I dissections in the presence of malperfusion. The HDE allows for, subject to certain restrictions, commercial distribution of AMDS in the United States (“US”) prior to the approval of a Premarket Approval (“PMA”) Application, which we currently anticipate receiving in 2026 allowing for full commercial distribution of AMDS in the US.

NEXUS Products

We distribute the NEXUS family of products in certain countries in Europe under an exclusive distribution agreement with Endospan Ltd. (“Endospan”), an Israeli corporation. Endospan holds a CE Mark for NEXUS ONE which is the only endovascular stent graft system approved for the repair of both aneurysms and dissections in the aortic arch and markets the NEXUS DUO as a custom-made alternative for flexible aortic arch repair. NEXUS DUO is a low profile, custom made aortic arch system designed to treat a range of aortic arch pathologies including chronic dissection, aortic aneurysm, penetrating aortic ulcer, as well as intramural hematoma. Unlike the NEXUS ONE off-the-shelf device, NEXUS DUO includes a secondary branch designed to minimize surgical preparation for patients undergoing endovascular repair of the aortic arch. While open surgical repair remains the standard of care for complete aortic arch replacement, endovascular repair offers an alternative, less invasive procedure to treat the aortic arch with decreased surgical morbidity and mortality. The ability to repair the aortic arch with an endovascular approach is especially advantageous for elderly patients who are not suited for open surgery and for patients who were previously treated for a Type A dissection in an open surgical approach. The addition of the NEXUS family of products to our highly differentiated aortic stent graft portfolio further strengthens our position as a leader in the aortic repair market.

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Several other manufacturers are introducing competitive products through the custom-made device process in Europe and the early feasibility process within the US, including Cook, Gore, and Terumo. The NEXUS family of products also compete with other manufacturers’ standard open repair and hybrid procedures including aortic debranching, frozen elephant trunk, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair with chimneys or snorkels.

We began distribution of NEXUS ONE in the fourth quarter of 2019 in EMEA. The first implant of the NEXUS DUO, the dual branch graft system in the NEXUS product line, occurred in the fourth quarter of 2022 as a limited market release. We began distribution of NEXUS TRE, the custom-made three branch graft, in the third quarter of 2024 as a limited market release.

We also entered into a securities purchase option agreement with Endospan (“Endospan Option”) in September 2019 and subsequent amendment (“Endospan Option Amendment”) in July 2024 (as described in Part II, Item 8, Note 4 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements”) which provides us the option to purchase all the outstanding securities of Endospan from Endospan’s securityholders at the time of acquisition (or the option to acquire all of Endospan’s assets) up through a certain period of time after FDA approval of NEXUS ONE. Endospan completed patient enrollment in their US pivotal trial, TRIOMPHE in the fourth quarter of 2024.

E-vita Thoracic 3G

The E-vita Thoracic 3G is a stent graft system that enables endovascular treatment of TAAs. Its unique spring configuration gives the stent graft flexibility, helping the stent graft adapt to the vessel's shape and ensuring a good seal at the landing zone, even in the case of complex vascular anatomy. Compared to its competing products, its different proximal and distal stent graft configurations, as well as straight and conical designs, enable individual treatment of the diseased aorta. The product line includes a wide portfolio of tapered versions from proximal to distal. The wide variety ensures the possibility of adapting the stent graft to the native course of the descending aorta. The E-vita Thoracic 3G is sometimes used in conjunction with the E-vita Open NEO and E-xtra Design Engineering.

Until 2022 we held a CE Mark for the E-vita Thoracic 3G and additional marketing approvals have been granted in several other countries throughout the world. The E-vita Thoracic 3G competes primarily with products from Medtronic, Gore, Terumo, and Cook.

Thoraco-abdominal Stents and Stent Grafts

E-xtra Design Engineering

E-xtra Design Engineering is a comprehensive range of stent graft systems for the treatment of aortic vascular diseases that enables surgeons to quickly and efficiently respond to an individual patient’s therapeutic requirements. E-xtra Design Engineering stent graft systems are tailor-made for individual patients based on imaging of the patient’s own aorta. There are currently only limited off-the-shelf products to treat aneurysms in the thoraco-abdominal aorta due to the many side branches in this anatomy where blood flow to vital organs would be obstructed by unbranched stent grafts. We have pioneered a service whereby we can manufacture a customized thoraco-abdominal stent graft in approximately 22 working days. Our custom E-xtra Design Engineering stent graft system includes TAAA and ArtivexTM Thoracic Extension Stent Graft System (“Artivex”). Our custom TAAA is often used in conjunction with E-vita Thoracic 3G, as well as the AAA offering, the E-tegra, or in combination with both. In December 2023 we launched Artivex as part of our E-xtra Design Engineering stent graft systems in EMEA. Artivex is indicated for use in both thoraco-abdominal aneurysms and dissections extending into the thoraco-abdominal aorta.

We sell custom TAAA and Artivex in EMEA and in a limited number of other countries around the world. TAAA competes with customized product offerings from Cook and Terumo. Artivex competes with other thoracic extension products marketed by Medtronic, Gore, Terumo, and Cook.

E-nside TM

The E-nside TAAA multibranch stent graft system is an off-the-shelf stent graft with pre-cannulated inner branches indicated for treatment of patients with thoraco-abdominal disease. The E-nside’s pre-cannulated inner branches are designed to reduce the overall procedure time which reduces the patient’s exposure to radiation. The vast majority of patients with thoraco-abdominal disease are treated with risky, invasive open surgical procedures, characterized by lengthy hospitalization periods and prolonged recuperation, or with custom-made stent grafts which can take up to 90 days to manufacture. We believe the addition of E-nside positions us well to capture share in the European aortic stent graft market because E-xtra Design Engineering provides patient-specific solutions, and E-nside provides an off-the-shelf solution.

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Further, there are synergies between E-nside and our portfolio of thoracic and abdominal stent grafts. E-nside competes with products from Cook.

We obtained a CE Mark for E-nside in the fourth quarter of 2019 and began limited selling of E-nside in the second quarter of 2020. We fully launched E-nside in 2021.

Abdominal and Peripheral Stents and Stent Grafts

E-tegra TM

The E-tegra is a AAA stent graft system with special stent design for secure sealing that makes difficult vascular anatomies treatable, thus expanding endovascular treatment options for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. The design of the E-tegra enables optimal fixation and sealing. It is a proximal laser cut stent with anchors for suprarenal stent graft fixation. Its asymmetric stent design and seamless cover ensure excellent adaptation to the vessel. The product also features a low-profile delivery system with its unique squeeze-to-release mechanism supporting the user by ensuring excellent control during each phase of the implantation. The E-tegra is often used in combination with E-xtra Design Engineering and the E-liac.

We hold a CE Mark for the E-tegra and additional marketing approvals have been granted in several other countries throughout the world. The E-tegra competes with products from several companies including Medtronic, Gore, Terumo, Endologix, and Cook.

E-ventus TM BX

E-ventus BX is a balloon-expandable peripheral stent graft indicated for the endovascular treatment of renal and pelvic arteries in cases of ruptures, dissections, and aneurysms. The E-ventus BX stent grafts have a combination of high flexibility together with high radial strength through the combination of the microporous single-layer ePTFE cover and the cobalt chromium stent. The E-ventus BX stent grafts feature minimal recoil and foreshortening and enables secure fixation and positioning in the vessel. The E-ventus BX delivery system has a highly flexible catheter that allows easy advancement in the vessel and enables lesions to be reliably reached by the catheter. Radiopaque markers on the delivery system enable secure and accurate positioning of the stent graft. The E-ventus BX is often used in conjunction with E-xtra Design Engineering products, E-nside stent grafts, and the E-liac stent graft.

The E-ventus BX was manufactured by Bentley, who holds a CE Mark for that product and additional marketing approvals in several other countries throughout the world. The E-ventus BX competes with products from Maquet, Gore, BD, and Bentley InnoMed. We received the final production lots of E-ventus BX in May 2023 and we substantially depleted the remaining inventory during 2024.

TuvaTM BX

Tuva BX is a balloon-expandable peripheral stent graft indicated for the endovascular treatment of arterial ruptures, aneurysms and other peripheral vascular system pathologies. The Tuva BX stents are manufactured using a cobalt chromium alloy which is covered internally and externally with ePTFE so that the stent is completely encapsulated. The Tuva BX stent is designed for different artery diameters by adapting its open cell design with alternating connection bridges. The device also has enhanced visibility due to three radiopaque markers at each stent end that facilitate accurate placement in implantation and post-dilation. The Tuva BX is often used in conjunction with E-xtra Design Engineering products, E-nside stent grafts, and E-liac stent grafts.

The Tuva BX is manufactured by LVD Biotech SL, who hold a CE Mark for that product and additional marketing approvals in several other countries throughout the world. The Tuva BX competes with products from Maquet, Gore, BD, and Bentley InnoMed.

E-liac

The E-liac is a stent graft used to treat aneurysmal iliac arteries as well as aneurysmal iliac side branches. The E-liac is a self-expanding stent graft characterized by easy and safe handling, which makes it possible to safely reach the lesion and accurately position the stent graft in the vessel. We estimate that 20% of patients who have an AAA also have an aneurysmal iliac artery, and as such, the E-liac is often used in conjunction with the E-tegra AAA device as well as one or two E-ventus BX devices.

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We hold a CE Mark for the E-liac and additional marketing approvals have been granted in several other countries throughout the world. The E-liac competes with products from Gore and Cook.

Synthetic Vascular Grafts

In addition to our endovascular stent graft offerings, we have a broad line of synthetic vascular grafts that are used in open aortic and peripheral vascular surgical procedures. Our offerings include ePTFE grafts and both woven and knitted polyester grafts. Not only are we able to manufacture and sell a broad line of synthetic vascular graft offerings, but also, we are able to manufacture our own nitinol stents, given our expertise incorporating nitinol in our synthetic graft systems.

Our synthetic surgical vascular grafts have CE Marks and additional marketing approvals have been granted in several other countries throughout the world. Our synthetic grafts compete with products from Bard, a subsidiary of BD, Gore, LeMaitre, Terumo, and Maquet.

Surgical Sealants

Closing internal wounds effectively following surgical procedures is critical to the restoration of the function of tissue and to the ultimate success of the surgical procedure. Failure to seal surgical wounds effectively can result in leakage of blood in cardiac surgeries, air in lung surgeries, and cerebrospinal fluid in neurosurgeries potentially resulting in prolonged hospitalization, greater post-operative pain, higher costs, and higher mortality rates.

Sutures and staples facilitate healing by joining wound edges to allow the body to heal naturally. Sutures and staples, however, cannot consistently eliminate air and fluid leakage at the wound site, particularly when used to close tissues containing air or fluids under pressure, such as in blood vessels, the lobes of the lung, and the dural membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. In some cases, the tissues may be friable, which complicates surgical wound closure. In addition, it can be difficult and time consuming for the physician to apply sutures and staples in minimally invasive surgical procedures where the physician must operate through small access openings. We believe that the use of surgical adhesives and sealants, with or without sutures and staples, in certain areas can enhance the efficacy of these procedures through more effective and rapid wound closure.

Our proprietary BioGlue is a polymer consisting of bovine blood protein and an agent for cross-linking proteins, which was developed for use in cardiac, vascular, neurologic, and pulmonary procedures. BioGlue is stronger than other cardiovascular sealants with a tensile strength that is four to five times that of fibrin sealants. BioGlue begins to polymerize within 20 to 30 seconds, reaches its bonding strength within two minutes, and it adheres to tissues in a wet field. BioGlue is dispensed through a controlled delivery system that consists of a disposable syringe and various applicator tips. BioGlue syringes are available in pre-filled 2ml, 5ml, and 10ml volumes with applicator tips suitable for various applications.

BioGlue is FDA approved as an adjunct to sutures and staples for use in adult patients in open surgical repair of large vessels. We distribute BioGlue under CE Mark for repair of soft tissues (which include cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary). We also distribute BioGlue in Japan where it is approved for adhesion and support of hemostasis for aortotomy closure sites, suture/anastomosis sites (including aortic dissection and anastomosis sites with use of a prosthetic graft), and suture sites on the heart. Additional marketing approvals have been granted for specified applications in numerous other countries throughout the world. We received regulatory approval to commercialize BioGlue in China during the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. We currently expect to commercialize BioGlue in China during the second half of 2025.

BioGlue competes primarily with surgical sealants from Baxter, Ethicon, Grena Ltd, Integra LifeSciences, and Bard, a subsidiary of BD. BioGlue competes with these products based on its features and benefits, such as its strength and ease of use.

We sell BioGlue throughout the world including North America, EMEA, APAC, and LATAM.

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Preservation Services

Cardiac Preservation Services

Our proprietary preservation process involves our dissection, processing, preservation, and storage of donated human tissues until they are shipped to a hospital where they are implanted by physicians. The cardiac tissues we currently preserve include aortic and pulmonary heart valves and cardiac patches in three primary pulmonary anatomic configurations: hemi-artery, trunk, and branch. These tissues more closely resemble in structure, and simulate the performance of, the patient’s own tissue compared to non-human tissue alternatives. Our cardiac tissues are used in a variety of valve replacement and cardiac reconstruction surgeries. We believe the human tissues we distribute offer specific clinical advantages over mechanical, synthetic, and bioprosthetic alternatives. Depending on the alternative, the clinical advantages of our heart valves include more natural blood flow properties, better results in patients who have endocarditis, no requirement for long-term drug therapy to prevent excessive blood clotting, and a reduced risk of catastrophic failure, thromboembolism, stroke, or deterioration due to calcification.

Our cardiac tissues include the CryoValve® SG pulmonary heart valve (“CryoValve SGPV”) and the CryoPatch® SG pulmonary cardiac patch (“CryoPatch SG”) which are both processed with our proprietary SynerGraft® decellularization technology. A multi-center study showed that, at 10 years, freedom from conduit dysfunction was significantly better in patients receiving our proprietary SynerGraft SGPV valves (83%) compared with patients receiving standard allografts (58%).

We believe that the human heart valves preserved by us compare favorably with bioprosthetic and mechanical valves for certain indications and patient populations, and that the human cardiac patches preserved by us compare favorably with xenograft small intestine submucosa (“SIS”) and glutaraldehyde fixed bovine pericardial patches due to the benefits of human tissue discussed above. Human tissue is preferred by many physicians as the replacement alternative with respect to certain medical conditions, such as pediatric cardiac reconstruction, congenital cardiac defect repair, valve replacements for women in their child-bearing years, and valve replacements for patients with endocarditis. In addition, implantation of SynerGraft treated cardiac tissue reduces the risk for induction of Class I and Class II alloantibodies, based on Panel Reactive Antibody (“PRA”) measured at up to one year, compared to standard processed cardiac tissues. We believe that this reduced risk may provide a competitive advantage for CryoValve SGPV and CryoPatch SG for patients who later need a whole organ transplant, because an increased PRA can decrease the number of possible donors for subsequent organ transplants and increase time on transplant waiting lists.

Two other domestic tissue processors, LifeNet Health (“LifeNet”) and LeMaitre Vascular (“LeMaitre”), offer preserved human heart valves and patches in competition with us. We believe that we compete favorably on the basis of surgeon preference, documented clinical data, technology, and customer service, particularly with respect to the capabilities of our field representatives. Alternatives to human heart valves processed by us include valve repair and valve replacement with bioprosthetic valves or mechanical valves. We compete with bioprosthetic or mechanical valves from companies including Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences, Corcym, and Abbott Laboratories. Alternatives to our human cardiac patches include xenograft SIS and glutaraldehyde fixed bovine pericardial patches. We compete with these xenograft products from companies including Edwards Lifesciences, Anteris Technologies, Abbott Laboratories, and Baxter.

We ship human cardiac tissues to implanting institutions throughout the US. Our CryoValve SGPV and CryoPatch SG are distributed under 510(k) clearance from the FDA. We also ship limited tissues in Canada and other countries under special access programs.

Vascular Preservation Services

Our proprietary preservation process involves our dissection, processing, preservation, and storage of donated human tissues until they are shipped to a hospital for implantation by a physician. The vascular tissues currently preserved by us include saphenous veins, aortoiliac arteries, and femoral veins and arteries. Each of these tissues maintains a structure which more closely resembles and simulates the performance of the patient’s own tissue compared to non-human tissue alternatives. Our vascular tissues are used to treat a variety of vascular reconstructions, such as peripheral bypass, hemodialysis access, and aortic infections, which have saved the lives and limbs of patients. We believe the human tissues we distribute offer specific advantages over synthetic and bioprosthesis alternatives, particularly for the treatment of infection in hemodialysis and peripheral bypass patients. Human tissue is not as susceptible to infection as synthetic alternatives and more closely simulates the performance of the patient’s own tissue and vasculature compared to non-human tissue alternatives.

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Two other domestic human tissue processors, LifeNet and LeMaitre, offer preserved vascular tissue in competition with us. There are also a number of providers of synthetic and bioprosthetic alternatives to vascular tissues preserved by us and those alternatives are available primarily in medium and large diameters. Our vascular tissues compete with products from Gore, BD, LeMaitre, LifeNet, and Maquet.

We believe that we compete favorably with other entities that preserve human vascular tissues on the basis of surgeon preference, documented clinical data, technology, and customer service, particularly with respect to the capabilities of our field representatives.

Other Products

PhotoFix

PhotoFix is a bovine pericardial patch fixated using a dye-mediated photo-oxidation process without the use of glutaraldehyde. We hold FDA 510(k) clearance and previously held a CE Mark for PhotoFix which is indicated for use in intracardiac repair, great vessel repair, suture line buttressing, pericardial closure, and vascular repair and reconstruction (for example: the carotid, iliac, femoral, and tibial blood vessels as well as arteriovenous access revisions). We are currently transitioning our PhotoFix CE Mark to our new Notified Body, DEKRA. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Legal, Quality, and Regulatory Risks—Our products and tissues are highly regulated and subject to significant quality and regulatory risks,” for a discussion of the risks related to our PhotoFix CE Mark.

Our PhotoFix product line competes with bioprosthetic and synthetic cardiac and vascular patch offerings from several other companies, including Baxter, LeMaitre, and Abbott Laboratories, based on PhotoFix’s features and benefits, such as the photo-oxidation cross-linking process that does not use glutaraldehyde.

We sell PhotoFix in North America, EMEA, and APAC.

CardioGenesis Cardiac Laser Therapy for Angina Treatment

The CardioGenesis cardiac laser therapy product line is FDA approved for treating patients with severe angina that are not responsive to conventional therapy. We began selling the CardioGenesis cardiac laser therapy product line in the US in May 2011 when we completed the acquisition of CardioGenesis Corporation. Due to supply-related factors outside of our control, we abandoned the business as of June 2023.

PerClot

PerClot is an absorbable powdered hemostat, consisting of plant starch modified into ultra-hydrophilic, adhesive-forming hemostatic polymers. PerClot granules are biocompatible, absorbable polysaccharides containing no animal or human components. PerClot granules have a molecular structure that rapidly absorbs water, forming a gelled adhesive matrix that provides a mechanical barrier to any further bleeding and results in the accumulation of platelets, red blood cells, and coagulation proteins (thrombin, fibrinogen, etc.) at the site of application. PerClot does not require additional operating room preparation or special storage conditions and is easy to apply. PerClot is readily dissolved by saline irrigation and is totally absorbed by the body within several days.

In September 2010 we entered into a distribution agreement and a license and manufacturing agreement with Starch Medical, Inc. (“SMI”), which allowed us to distribute PerClot, worldwide, except a few countries. In July 2021 we entered into an asset purchase agreement and other ancillary agreements related to the sale of PerClot to a subsidiary of Baxter and an agreement to terminate all of our material agreements with SMI related to PerClot (collectively the “Baxter Transaction”). Under the terms of the Baxter Transaction, we will continue to provide to Baxter certain transition, manufacturing, and supply services relating to the sale of SMI PerClot outside of the US and manufacture and supply of PerClot to Baxter in the US.

In May 2023 we obtained FDA PMA approval to commercialize PerClot in the US, which we transferred to Baxter, and began manufacturing and supplying PerClot for Baxter, as discussed further in “Research and Development and Clinical Research” below.

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Marketing and Distribution

In the US and Canada, we market our products and preservation services primarily to physicians and sell our products through our approximately 50-person direct sales team to hospitals and other healthcare facilities. We also have a team of regional managers, national accounts managers, and sales and marketing management. Through our field representatives and our physician relations and education department, we conduct field training for surgeons regarding the surgical applications of our products and tissues.

In EMEA, we market our products through our European headquarters, based in Hechingen, Germany, as well as through several other subsidiaries based throughout Europe. We employ approximately 100 direct field service representatives and distributor managers across several countries in the EMEA region. We provide customer service, logistics, marketing, and clinical support to cardiac, vascular, thoracic, and general surgeons throughout the EMEA region.

In APAC and LATAM, we commercialize our products through our independent distributors and our subsidiaries through approximately 50 sales and clinical support specialists.

Our physician relations and education staff, clinical research staff, and field representatives assist physicians by providing educational materials, seminars, and clinics on methods for using our products and implanting tissue preserved by us, including virtual and remote programs. We sponsor programs, and work with other companies such as Endospan to sponsor programs, where surgeons train other surgeons in best-practice techniques. In addition, we host several workshops throughout the year that provide didactic and hands-on training to surgeons. We also produce educational videos for physicians and coordinate peer-to-peer training at various medical institutions. We believe that these activities enhance the medical community’s understanding of the clinical benefits of the products and tissues offered by us and help to differentiate us from other medical device companies and tissue processors.

Our human tissues are obtained in the US through organ and tissue procurement organizations (“OPOs”) and tissue banks. To assist OPOs and tissue banks, we provide educational materials and training on procurement, dissection, packaging, and shipping techniques. We produce educational videos and coordinate laboratory sessions for OPO and tissue bank personnel to improve their recovery techniques and increase the yield of usable tissue. We also maintain staff 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, for OPO and tissue bank support.

Suppliers, Sources, and Availability of Raw Materials and Tissues

We obtain a number of our raw materials and supplies from a global supply base. The materials and supplies used in our product manufacturing and tissue processing are subject to regulatory requirements and oversight. If materials or supplies used in our manufacturing or tissue processing fail to meet these requirements or are subject to regulatory enforcement action, they may have to be scrapped, or our products or tissues could be rejected during or after processing, recalled, or rejected by customers. In these cases, we may have to immediately scrap raw or in-process materials and expense the costs of manufacturing or preservation.

In addition, if these materials or supplies, or changes to them, do not receive regulatory approval or are recalled, if the related suppliers and/or their facilities are shut down temporarily or permanently, for any reason, or if the related suppliers are otherwise unable or unwilling to supply us, we may not have sufficient materials or supplies to manufacture our products or process tissues. In addition, we rely on contract manufacturers to manufacture some of our products or to provide additional manufacturing capacity for some products. If these contract manufacturers fail to meet our quality standards or other requirements or if they are unable or unwilling to supply these products, we may not be able to meet demand for these products. Our ability to fully recover all possible losses from these suppliers and contract manufacturers may have practical limitations imposed by factors like industry standard contractual terms or the financial resources of the adverse party.

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Some of the materials, supplies, and services used in our product manufacturing and tissue processing, as well as some of our products, are sourced from single- or sole-source suppliers. As a result, our ability to negotiate favorable terms with those suppliers may be limited, and if those suppliers experience operational, financial, quality, or regulatory difficulties, or if those suppliers and/or their facilities refuse to supply us or cease operations temporarily or permanently, or if those suppliers take unreasonable business positions, we could be forced to cease product manufacturing or tissue processing until the suppliers resume operations, until alternative suppliers could be identified and qualified, or permanently if the suppliers do not resume operations and no alternative suppliers could be identified and qualified. We could also be forced to purchase alternative materials, supplies, or services with unfavorable terms due to diminished bargaining power. Ongoing sustaining efforts are in process to find alternative suppliers for single- or sole-source raw materials, supplies, and services wherever feasible. The process of qualifying alternative suppliers and manufacturers could result in additional costs or lengthy delays or may not be possible.

Finally, the war in Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East, and other macroeconomic factors have impactedthe global supply chain; workforces, global mobility, material availability, demand, shipping, and reorder times, and may continue to do so in the future. Any of these adverse outcomes could have a material, adverse effect on our revenues or profitability.

We have established operating mechanisms in place to manage this increased risk and we will continue to adjust as necessary into the future. See also Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors – Operational Risks” for our disclosures of risks related to suppliers, sources, and availability of raw materials and tissues.

Operations, Manufacturing, and Tissue Preservation

We conduct our internal manufacturing operations at three facilities: Austin, Texas for On-X products, Hechingen, Germany for internally manufactured aortic stent grafts, and Kennesaw, Georgia for most other products and services. Certain aortic stent graft assemblies are manufactured for us by a contract manufacturer in Slovakia. The AMDS product is solely manufactured by a supplier in Charlotte, North Carolina, and the NEXUS family of products are solely manufactured by Endospan in Herzliya, Israel.

See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Business and Economic Risks—We are subject to a variety of risks due to our international operations and continued global expansion,” for a discussion of risks related to our global footprint.

We maintain a facility—which contains our corporate headquarters, manufacturing, and laboratory space—and an additional off-site warehouse, in Kennesaw, Georgia. We manufacture BioGlue, PhotoFix, and PerClot and process human tissues at this facility.

Our On-X facility consists of combined manufacturing, warehouse, and office space in Austin, Texas, where our On-X products, including On-X heart valves and AAPs, are manufactured.

Our aortic stent graft facility consists of combined manufacturing, warehousing, and office space in Hechingen, Germany and is our EMEA headquarters.

We also maintain sales offices, some of which have distribution operations, in Brazil, Greece, Italy, Poland, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK. See also Part I, Item 2, “Properties.”

In all of our facilities, we are subject to regulatory standards for good manufacturing practices, including current Quality System Regulations, which are the FDA regulatory requirements for medical device manufacturers, and current Good Tissue Practices (“cGTPs”), which are the FDA regulatory requirements for the processing of human tissue. We also operate according to International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) 13485 Quality System Requirements, an internationally recognized voluntary system of quality management for companies that design, develop, manufacture, distribute, and service medical devices. We maintain a Certification of Approval to ISO 13485.

We employ a comprehensive quality assurance program in our product manufacturing and tissue preservation activities. Raw materials, solutions, and other components utilized in our manufacturing and tissue processing operations as well as certain subassemblies and finished goods manufactured by third parties are received and inspected by trained quality control personnel according to written specifications and standard operating procedures. Those items found to comply with our standards are utilized in our operations. Raw materials, solution, components, subassemblies, and tissues are documented throughout manufacturing or processing to ensure traceability.

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We evaluate and inspect both our manufactured and distributed products to ensure conformity to product specifications. Processes are validated to review whether products manufactured meet our specifications. Each process is documented along with inspection results, including final finished product inspection and acceptance. Records are maintained as to the consignees of products to track product performance and to facilitate product removals or corrections, if necessary.

We maintain controls over our tissue processing to ensure conformity with our procedures. OPOs and tissue banks must follow our procedures related to tissue recovery practices and are subject to periodic audits to confirm compliance. Samples are taken from donated tissue for microbiological testing, and tissue must be shown to be free of certain detectable microbial contaminants before being released for distribution. Tissue processing records and donor information are reviewed to identify characteristics that would disqualify the tissue for processing or implantation. Once tissue is released for distribution, it is moved from quarantine to an implantable status. Tissue is stored by us until it is shipped to a hospital, where the tissue is thawed and implanted immediately or held in a liquid nitrogen freezer pending implantation.

Backlog

As of December 31, 2024 we did not have a significant backlog of orders related to our medical devices. The limited supply of certain types or sizes of preserved tissue can result in a backlog of orders for these tissues. The amount of backlog fluctuates based on the tissues available for shipment and the surgical needs of specific cases. Our backlog of human tissue consists mostly of pediatric tissues and certain sizes of adult valves that have limited availability. Our backlog is generally not considered firm and must be confirmed with the customer before shipment. Certain aortic stent grafts products are specifically designed to meet specifications of a particular patient which can result in a limited backlog of these products.

Government Regulation

Medical devices and human tissues are subject to a number of regulations from various government bodies including US federal, state, and local governments, as well as various international governments and regulatory bodies. Government regulations are continually evolving, and requirements may change with or without notice. Changes in government regulations or changes in the enforcement of existing government regulations could have a material, adverse impact on us. See also Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” for a discussion of risks related to government regulations.

US Federal Regulation of Medical Devices

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) provides that, unless exempted by regulation, medical devices may not be distributed in the US unless they have been approved or cleared by the FDA. Medical devices may receive clearance through either a pre-market notification (also known as the 510(k) process) or a PMA. Prior to approval, IDE's allow investigational devices to be used in clinical studies in order to collect safety and effectiveness data.

Under a 510(k) process, a medical device manufacturer provides the FDA with premarket notification that it intends to begin commercializing a product and demonstrates to the FDA that the product is substantially equivalent to another legally marketed predicate device. To be found substantially equivalent to a predicate device, the device must be for the same intended use and have either the same technological characteristics as the predicate or different technological characteristics that do not raise different questions of safety or effectiveness. In some cases, the submission must include data from clinical studies in order to demonstrate substantial equivalency to a predicate device. Commercialization may commence when the FDA issues a clearance letter finding such substantial equivalence.

FDA regulations require approval through the IDE/PMA process for all Class III medical devices and for medical devices not deemed substantially equivalent to a predicate device. An IDE authorizes distribution of devices that lack PMA or 510(k) clearance for clinical evaluation purposes. After a product is subjected to clinical testing under an IDE, we may file a PMA application. Once a PMA application has been submitted, the FDA’s review may be lengthy and may include requests for additional data, which may require us to undertake additional human clinical studies. Commercialization of the device may begin when the FDA approves the PMA.

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The FDCA requires all medical device manufacturers and distributors to register with the FDA annually and to provide the FDA with a list of those medical devices they distribute commercially. The FDCA also requires manufacturers of medical devices to comply with labeling requirements and to manufacture devices in accordance with Quality System Regulations, which require that companies manufacture their products and maintain their documents in compliance with good manufacturing practices, including design, document production, process, labeling and packaging controls, process validation, and other applicable quality control activities. The FDA’s medical device reporting regulation requires that a device manufacturer provide information to the FDA on death or serious injuries alleged to have been associated with the use of its products, as well as product malfunctions that would likely cause or contribute to death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. The FDA further requires that certain medical devices that may not be sold in the US follow certain procedures before they are exported. The FDA periodically inspects our facilities to review our compliance with these and other regulations and has authority to seize non-complying medical devices, enjoin and/or impose civil penalties on manufacturers and distributors marketing non-complying medical devices, criminally prosecute violators, and order recalls in certain instances.

The following products are, or we believe would be, upon approval, classified as Class III medical devices: BioGlue, On-X heart valves, On-X AAP, PerClot, E-vita Open Plus, E-vita Open NEO, E-vita Thoracic 3G, E-tegra, E-liac, E-nside, the NEXUS family of products, and AMDS. CryoPatch SG is classified as a Class II medical device. We obtained 510(k) clearance from the FDA to commercialize the CryoValve SGPV; however, these tissues are not officially classified as Class II or III medical devices.

Beginning in December 2019 and most recently in the fall 2024, the FDA indicted that it was planning to issue a proposed rule for reclassification of more than minimally manipulated (“MMM”) allograft heart valves, which could include our CryoValve SGPV, from unclassified medical devices reviewed through the 510(k) process to Class III (PMA) medical devices. Following any comment period and subsequent publication of a final rule, should the CryoValve SGPV be determined to be MMM or classified as a Class III device, we currently expect to have approximately thirty months to submit a PMA application, after which the FDA will determine if, and for how long, we may continue to provide these tissues to customers during its review of the PMA application. Although this proposed rule change has, to our knowledge, remained on the HHS's unified regulatory agenda since 2019, no final rule has been published at this time. See also Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Legal, Quality, and Regulatory Risks—Reclassification by the FDA of CryoValve SG pulmonary heart valve (“CryoValve SGPV”) as a PMA device may make it commercially infeasible to continue processing the CryoValve SGPV.”

US Federal Regulation of Human Tissue

The FDA regulates human tissues pursuant to Section 361 of the Public Health Services Act, which in turn provides the regulatory framework for regulation of human cellular and tissue products. The FDA regulations focus on donor screening and testing to prevent the introduction, transmission, and spread of HIV-1 and -2, Hepatitis B and C, and other communicable diseases and disease agents. The regulations set minimum requirements to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases from human tissue used for transplantation. The regulations define human tissue as any tissue derived from a human body which is (i) intended for administration to another human for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of any condition or disease and (ii) recovered, preserved, stored, or distributed by methods not intended to change tissue function or characteristics. The FDA definition excludes, among other things, tissue that currently is regulated as a human drug, biological product, or medical device, and it also excludes kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, or any other vascularized human organ. The current regulations applicable to human tissues include requirements for donor suitability, processing standards, establishment registration, product listing, testing, and screening for risks of communicable diseases. The FDA periodically audits our tissue preservation facilities for compliance with its requirements and has the authority to enjoin the distribution, force a recall, or require the destruction of tissues that do not meet its requirements.

Recently, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (“CBER”) of the FDA issued two “final” guidance documents directed at the reduction of the risk of transmission of tuberculousis (Mtb) in processed human tissue (the “Guidances”), which is already exceedingly low. These Guidances were issued without benefit of clinician or industry input and we believe could, if implemented as written, significantly reduce the supply of safe implantable human tissue without simultaneously reducing the risk of Mtb transmission. We also believe the Guidances are unnecessary in light of new Mtb screening criteria the American Association of Tissue Banks (“AATB”) recently implemented. CBER recently paused implementation of the Guidances until May 4, 2025, and indicated that it would consider comments received on the Guidances. Industry and the clinician community are currently working with CBER and other federal agencies and stakeholders to rescind implementation of the Guidances or to reissue them.

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NOTA Regulation

Our activities in preserving and transporting human hearts and certain other organs are also subject to federal regulation under the National Organ Transplant Act (“NOTA”), which makes it unlawful for any person to knowingly acquire, receive, or otherwise transfer any human organ for valuable consideration for use in human transplantation if the transfer affects interstate commerce. NOTA excludes from the definition of “valuable consideration” reasonable payments associated with the removal, transportation, implantation, processing, preservation, quality control, and storage of a human organ. The purpose of this statutory provision is to allow for compensation for legitimate services. We believe that, to the extent our activities are subject to NOTA, we meet this statutory provision relating to the reasonableness of our charges.

State Licensing Requirements

Some states have enacted statutes and regulations governing the manufacture, sale, marketing, or distribution of medical devices, and we believe we are in compliance with such applicable state laws and regulations.

Some states have enacted statutes and regulations governing the preservation, transportation, and storage of human organs and tissues. The activities we engage in require us to be either licensed or registered as a clinical laboratory or tissue bank under California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, New York, and Oregon law. We have such licenses or registrations, and we believe we are in compliance with applicable state laws and regulations relating to clinical laboratories and tissue banks that store, preserve, and distribute donated human tissue designed to be used for medical purposes in human beings.

Some of our employees have obtained other required state licenses. The regulatory bodies of states may perform inspections of our facilities as required to ensure compliance with state laws and regulations.

International Approval Requirements

Sales of medical devices and shipments of human tissues outside the US are subject to international regulatory requirements that vary widely from country to country. Approval of a product by comparable regulatory authorities of other countries must be obtained and compliance with applicable regulations for tissues must be met prior to commercial distribution of the products or human tissues in those countries. The time required to obtain these approvals may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. Countries in which we distribute products and tissue may perform inspections of our facilities to ensure compliance with local country regulations.

The European Economic Area (“EEA”) recognizes a single medical device approval (the CE Mark) which allows for distribution of an approved product throughout the EEA without additional general applications in each country. Individual EEA members, however, reserve the right to require additional labeling or information to address particular patient safety issues prior to allowing marketing. Third parties called “Notified Bodies” award the CE Mark. These Notified Bodies are approved and subject to review by the “Competent Authorities” of their respective countries. Our Notified Bodies perform periodic on-site inspections to independently review our compliance with systems and regulatory requirements. A number of countries outside of the EEA accept the CE Mark in lieu of marketing submissions as an addendum to that country’s application process. We have CE Marks for BioGlue, On-X heart valves, On-X AAP, E-vita Open NEO, E-tegra, E-liac, E-nside, AMDS, and other devices. In addition, E-ventus BX, Tuva BX, and NEXUS ONE, which we distribute, have CE Marks.

The Medical Device Directive (“MDD”) was the governing document for the EEA that detailed requirements for safety and risk of devices. The Medical Device Regulation (“MDR”) replaced MDD on May 26, 2021 and places stricter requirements on manufacturers and the European Notified Bodies who have been designated by the various European Union Member States to perform assessments of compliance to the MDD and MDR. We work with a number of notified bodies and the transition from the MDD to the MDR is ongoing.

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As a result of the UK’s exit from the European Union, or “Brexit,” the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) announced in the third quarter of 2023 that the UK government (MHRA) extended the acceptance of CE marked medical devices beyond the original date of June 2023. CE Marking will continue to be recognized in the UK and certificates issued by EU-recognized Notified Bodies (with a valid declaration and CE marking under MDD) will continue to be valid in the UK market until June 30, 2028. General medical devices and custom-made devices under MDR compliance can be placed on the UK market until June 30, 2030. As of September 2023 the Swiss government (Swissmedic) declared that Class III and IIb devices with a valid CE Mark issued under the MDD can remain on the Swiss market until December 31, 2027 so long as the manufacturer maintains a QMS in compliance with EU MDR and has a formal application with a notified body for an MDR CE Mark by May 26, 2024. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Legal, Quality, and Regulatory Risks—Our products and tissues are highly regulated and subject to significant quality and regulatory risks,” for a discussion of risks related to the transition to MDR.

On June 13, 2019 one of our notified bodies, Lloyd's Register Quality Assurance Limited (“LRQA”) informed us that it would no longer provide Notified Body services for medical devices effective September 2019. The governing German competent authority, the Regierungspräsidium Tübingen, granted us an extended grace period until December 31, 2021 to transfer LRQA-issued certifications for BioGlue and PhotoFix to a new Notified Body. Although our BioGlue CE Mark has been successfully transferred to our new Notified Body, we are still in the process of transferring PhotoFix to DEKRA and currently expect to receive notice of such transfer in 2025. While progress has been made, failure to timely complete the transfer or any other delays in the MDR transition, may have a material, adverse effect on our ability to supply PhotoFix in affected jurisdictions and have a material, adverse impact on our business. See also Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Legal, Quality, and Regulatory Risks—Our products and tissues are highly regulated and subject to significant quality and regulatory risks,” for a discussion of the risks related to LRQA’s decision, the MDR transition, and Brexit.

Environmental Matters

Our tissue preservation activities generate some biomedical wastes, consisting primarily of human and animal pathological and biological wastes, including human and animal tissue and body fluids removed during laboratory procedures. The biomedical wastes generated by us are placed in appropriately constructed and labeled containers and are segregated from other wastes generated by us. We contract with third parties for transport, treatment, and disposal of biomedical waste.

Some of our products, including certain On-X products, are sterilized using ethylene oxide (“EtO”). Although we have a small-scale EtO facility in Austin, Texas, we rely primarily on large-scale EtO facilities to sterilize our products. In addition, some of our suppliers use, or rely upon third parties to use, EtO to sterilize some of our product components. Concerns about the release of EtO into the environment at unsafe levels have led to various regulatory enforcement activities and legal actions against EtO facilities, resulting in permanent and temporary closures, as well as proposals increasing regulations and increased regulations related to EtO. Although we believe we are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, regarding the disposal of our waste resulting from tissue preservation activities, as well as in our other production and sterilization activities, the failure by us, or the companies with which we contract, to comply fully with any such regulations could result in an imposition of penalties, fines, or sanctions, which could materially, adversely affect our business. See also, Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Legal, Quality, and Regulatory Risks—Increased environmental regulations and private litigation activity relating to processes and materials used in our industry could have a material, adverse impact on us.” We do not currently anticipate any material capital expenditures required for compliance with these laws and regulations relating to our waste disposal and sterilization activities.

Research and Development and Clinical Research

We use our technical and scientific expertise to identify market opportunities for new products and services, and to expand the use of our current products and services through expanded indications and product and tissue enhancements. Our research and development strategy is to allocate most of our available resources among our core market areas based on the potential market size, estimated development time and cost, and the expected efficacy for any potential product or service offering. To the extent we identify new non-core products or additional non-core applications for our core products, we may attempt to license these products to corporate partners for further development or seek funding from outside sources to continue commercial development. We may also attempt to acquire or license additional strategically complementary products or technologies from third-parties to supplement our product lines.

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Research on these and other projects is conducted in our research and development department and at universities and clinics where we sponsor research projects. We also conduct preclinical and clinical studies at universities, medical centers, hospitals, and other third-party locations under contract with us. Research is inherently risky, and any potential products or services under development ultimately may not be deemed safe or effective or worth commercializing for other reasons and, therefore, may not generate a return on investment for us. Our clinical research department also collects and maintains clinical data on the use and effectiveness of our products and services. We use this data to gain regulatory approvals to market the products and services, to inform third parties on the benefits of our products and services, and to help direct our continuing improvement efforts.

In 2024, 2023 and 2022 we spent approximately $28.5 million, $28.7 million and $38.9 million, respectively, on research and development activities on new and existing products. These amounts accounted for approximately 7%, 8% and 12% of our revenues for each of 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We are in the process of developing and investigating several new products and technologies, as well as changes and enhancements to our existing products and services. Our strategies for driving growth include new product approvals and indications, global expansion, and business development. These activities will likely require additional research, new clinical studies, and/or compilation of clinical data.

We received regulatory approval from the National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”) to commercialize BioGlue in China during the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. We currently expect to commercialize BioGlue in China during the second half of 2025.

At the FDA’s request, we are conducting a post-approval study to collect long-term clinical data for the On-X aortic heart valve managed with reduced warfarin therapy. This study is ongoing and data collection is expected to continue through 2027.

The FDA granted Breakthrough Device Designation in the third quarter of 2019 for the AMDS hybrid prosthesis. The Breakthrough Device Designation program is designed to provide timely access to medical devices that potentially provide a more effective treatment for life-threatening conditions by prioritizing review of its regulatory submissions, thereby expediting the device development process. We are conducting a pivotal clinical trial (PERSEVERE) to gain approval to commercialize the AMDS hybrid prosthesis in the US for treatment of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissections. We received IDE approval in the fourth quarter of 2021 and completed enrollment of the required patients in the fourth quarter of 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the FDA granted HDE approval for use of AMDS in acute DeBakey Type I dissections in the presence of malperfusion. We are continuing to seek PMA approval, which we currently anticipate receiving in 2026.

The FDA granted Breakthrough Device Designation in the first quarter of 2020 for Arcevo LSA, and in the second quarter of 2020 for E-vita Open NEO, representing our next-generation hybrid stent graft system used in the treatment of patients with either an aneurysm or dissection in the aortic arch and in the descending thoracic aorta. The FDA granted Breakthrough Device Designation in the third quarter of 2019 for the E-nside and E-xtra Design Multibranch TAAA devices.

Patents, Licenses, and Other Proprietary Rights

We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, confidentiality agreements, and security procedures to protect our proprietary products, preservation technology, trade secrets, and know-how. We believe that our patents, trade secrets, trademarks, and licensing rights provide us with important competitive advantages. We currently own rights to numerous US and foreign patents and pending patent applications relating to our technology for various product lines. There can be no assurance that any pending applications will ultimately be issued as patents. We have also obtained rights through license and distribution agreements for additional products and technologies, including the NEXUS family of products. In the aggregate, these intellectual property assets and licenses are of material importance to our businesses; however, with the exception of BioGlue as discussed below, we believe that no single intellectual property asset or license is material in relation to any segment of our business or to our business as a whole.

The main patent for BioGlue expired in mid-2012 in the US and expired in mid-2013 in the majority of the rest of the world. Although the patents for BioGlue have expired, this technology is still protected by trade secrets and manufacturing know-how, as well as the time and expense to obtain regulatory approvals.

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We have confidentiality agreements with our employees, our consultants, and our third-party vendors to maintain the confidentiality of trade secrets and proprietary information. There can be no assurance that the obligations of our employees, consultants, and third parties with whom we have entered into confidentiality agreements, will effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information or provide meaningful protection for our confidential information if there is unauthorized use or disclosure, or that our trade secrets or proprietary information will not be independently developed by our competitors.

See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Legal, Quality, and Regulatory Risks—Some of our products and technologies are subject to significant intellectual property risks and uncertainty,” for a discussion of risks related to our patents, licenses, and other proprietary rights.

Seasonality

See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Seasonality,” regarding seasonality of our products and services.

Human Capital

Overview

As of December 31, 2024 we had approximately 1,600 employees. Most of our employees are located in Kennesaw, Georgia; Austin, Texas; and Hechingen, Germany. We have never experienced a work stoppage or interruption due to labor disputes. Our employees located in Hechingen, Germany have a Works Council, and our employees in Brazil are affiliated with a union in connection with compensation-related collective bargaining. We believe our relations with our employees worldwide and with the Works Council in Germany and union in Brazil are good.

Employee Talent and Retention

Our business and future operating results depend in significant part upon the continued contributions of our key personnel, including qualified personnel with medical device and tissue processing experience, and senior management with experience in the medical device or tissue processing space, many of whom would be difficult to replace. Our business and future operating results, including production at our manufacturing and tissue processing facilities, also depend in significant part on our ability to attract and retain qualified management, operations, processing, marketing, sales, and support personnel for our operations.

Our main facilities are in Kennesaw, Georgia; Austin, Texas; and Hechingen, Germany, where the local supply of qualified personnel in the medical device and tissue processing industries is limited and competition for such personnel is intense and has become increasingly more so in recent years. We have programs and processes in place to help ensure that our compensation, benefits programs, and work environment attract and retain such personnel, and we strive to enhance those programs and processes to respond to the increasingly competitive market for talent. We also strive to offer competitive equitable pay, comprehensive benefits, and services that retain and meet the varying needs of our employees. The principal purposes of our equity and cash incentive plans and non-officer incentive plans are to attract, retain, motivate, and reward our employees.

Culture

Fostering and maintaining a strong and collaborative culture is a key strategic focus, as evidenced by our core values of collaboration, results driven, and customer focus. We also have ethics and compliance policies that instill a commitment to ethical behavior and legal compliance across our Company. Employees are encouraged to approach their supervisors if they believe violations of policies have occurred. Employees are also able to confidentially and anonymously report any such violations through an online form or telephone hotline hosted by a third-party provider.

The Company has employees in almost 30 different countries representing unique cultures, ethnicities, backgrounds, experiences and viewpoints. We believe that we are better able to achieve our business objectives, and maintain our core values of collaboration, results driven, and customer focus, when our workforce includes individuals with a variety of backgrounds and experiences, who are able to respectfully share different perspectives and work together to leverage them.

In early 2022 we appointed a Chief Diversity Officer to manage and oversee aspects of Company culture that facilitate these efforts. The Company strives to provide equal opportunity to all applicants and employees.

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Training and Development

We provide internal training and development programs to employees globally. Such programs include leadership development, office safety, ethics, and various skill-based training programs.

Health and Safety

Protecting the health, safety, and well-being of our employees around the world is a priority. We continually strive to look for opportunities to provide a safer, healthier, work environment for our employees.

Employee Engagement

We solicit employee feedback to assess employee satisfaction and engagement and to identify opportunities for development. Employee feedback is also gathered through onboarding surveys, the employee review process, spot surveys, and exit surveys.

Risk Factors

Our business is subject to a number of risks. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” below for a discussion of these and other risk factors.

Available Information

It is our policy to make all our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, without limitation, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, available free of charge on our website, www.Artivion.com, on the day of filing. All such filings made on or after November 15, 2002 have been made available on our website.

We also make available on the Corporate Governance portion of our website: (i) our Code of Conduct; (ii) our Corporate Governance Guidelines; (iii) the charter of each active committee of our Board of Directors; (iv) our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers; (v) our Corporate Responsibility Report (ESG); and (vi) our Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) Policy. We also intend to disclose any amendments to our Codes of Conduct, or waivers of our Codes of Conduct on behalf of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, or Chief Accounting Officer, on the Corporate Governance portion of our website. All of these corporate governance materials are also available free of charge in print to stockholders who request them in writing to: Jean F. Holloway, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer, and Corporate Secretary, 1655 Roberts Blvd NW, Kennesaw, GA 30144.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Our business involves a variety of risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, including, among others, the risks discussed below. These risks should be carefully considered together with the other information provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our failure to adequately anticipate or address these risks and uncertainties may have a material, adverse impact on our business, reputation, revenues, financial condition, profitability, and cash flows. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known or knowable to us, or that we currently believe to be immaterial, may also adversely affect our business.

Business and Economic Risks

We are subject to a variety of risks due to our international operations and continued global expansion.

Our international operations subject us to a number of risks, which may vary significantly from the risks we face in our US operations, including:

•Greater difficulties and costs associated with staffing at all levels, establishing and maintaining internal controls, managing foreign operations and distributor relationships, and selling directly to customers;

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•Broader exposure to corruption and expanded compliance obligations, including under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the UK Bribery Law, local anti-corruption laws, Office of Foreign Asset Control administered sanction programs, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, and other emerging corruption, sustainability, and data privacy and cybersecurity regulations;

•Overlapping, ambiguous, and potentially conflicting, or unexpected changes in, international legal and regulatory requirements or reimbursement policies and programs;

•Longer and more expensive collection cycles in certain countries, particularly those in which our primary customers are government-funded hospitals;

•Changes in currency exchange rates, particularly fluctuations in the Euro as compared to the US Dollar and other inflationary pressures, given sensitivity to exchange rates that we experience from our product revenue streams and account balances;

•Potential exposure to adverse financial impact and negative erosion of our operating profit margin over time due to increasing inflationary pressures, including impact felt through our supply chain, and this exposure may be increased through our limited ability to raise prices and through global expansion where business occurs with, or pricing is set directly by, government entities, or we are party to long term pricing agreements with governments or local distributors, impacting our ability to pass on rising costs;

•Potential adverse tax consequences of overlapping tax structures or potential changes in domestic and international tax policy, laws, and treaties; and

•Potential adverse consequences from unexpected global regulatory and trade developments.

As an example of this risk, via a Ministerial Decree of July 6, 2022, published September 15, 2022, the Italian government stated that the spending ceiling for medical devices at the national and regional levels had been exceeded, requiring medical device companies to pay back alleged overpayments the government claims companies received between 2015 and 2018. Ultimately, we were subject to an immaterial payment obligation following the conclusion of judicial challenges and negotiations between us, industry, US government representatives, and the Italian government.

Our operations and performance have been, and may continue to be, impacted by regional and global geopolitical conditions, domestic and foreign trade and monetary policies, and other factors beyond our control, such as Russia’s war with Ukraine and instability in the Middle East. To date, sanctions and other disruptions in the Eastern European region have not materially impacted our business or ability to supply products to Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and the region generally; however, continuation or escalation of the wars in Ukraine or instability in the Middle East, or increased export controls or additional sanctions imposed on or by impacted countries, their allies, or related entities could adversely affect our financial performance. Although we do not have any direct operations in Russia, Ukraine, Israel, Gaza, or Syria, the NEXUS family of products are solely manufactured by Endospan in Herzliya, Israel. Although we have not experienced any material disruption of supply from Endospan, it is difficult to predict the ultimate course of these conflicts and we may face business operations and supply chain disruptions as a result, including disruptions related to shortages of materials and finished goods, higher costs of materials and freight, freight delays, increased energy costs or energy shortages, travel disruptions, currency fluctuation, and disruptions to banking systems or capital markets.

We operate in highly competitive market segments, face competition from large, well-established medical device companies and tissue service providers with greater resources and we may not be able to compete effectively.

The market for our products and services is competitive and affected by new product introductions and activities of other industry participants, including the introduction of novel products and therapies aimed at unrelated disease states or even overall patient health. In addition, such products and therapies like GLP-1 drugs, which we believe have or will have little to no actual impact on demand for our products, can lead to investor and customer confusion, can change investor focus, and can impact the perceived demand for our products, which may affect our stock price even if actual demand for our products is unaffected. We face intense competition in virtually all of our product lines. A significant percentage of market revenues from competitive products are generated by Baxter, Ethicon (a Johnson & Johnson Company), Medtronic, Abbott Laboratories, Edwards Lifesciences, C.R. Bard (a subsidiary of Becton, Dickinson and Company), Integra Life Sciences, LifeNet, Corcym, Anteris Technologies, Elutia (formerly Aziyo Biologics), Cook Medical, Gore & Associates, Terumo, LeMaitre Vascular, Maquet, Pfizer, and BioCer Entwicklungs-GmbH. Several of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages over us, including:

•Greater financial and other resources for research and development, commercialization, acquisitions, and litigation and to weather the impacts of global economic downturns and workforce competition;

•Greater name recognition as well as more recognizable trademarks for products similar to products that we sell;

•More established record of obtaining and maintaining regulatory product clearances or approvals;

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•More established relationships with healthcare providers and payorsalong with better positioning to minimize the impact of consolidated purchasing and other consolidation within the healthcare industry;

•Lower cost of goods sold or preservation costs; and

•Larger direct sales forces and more established distribution networks.

Our established and early-stage competitors may have advantages over us in terms of cost structure, pricing, back-office automation, product development, marketing, supply chain, and sourcing, and if we are unable to compete effectively, our financial results will be adversely affected.

We are significantly dependent on our revenues from tissue preservation services and are subject to a variety of risks affecting them.

Tissue preservation services are a significant source of our revenues, and as such, we face risks if we are unable to:

•Source sufficient quantities of some human tissue or address potential excess supply of others. We rely primarily upon the efforts of third parties to educate the public and foster a willingness to donate tissue. Factors beyond our control such as supply, regulatory changes, negative publicity concerning methods of tissue recovery or disease transmission from donated tissue, or public opinion of the donor process as well as our own reputation in the industry can negatively impact the supply of tissue;

•Capitalize on our clinical advantages that we rely on as competitive strengths; or

•Mitigate sufficiently the risk that tissue can become contaminated during processing; that processed tissue cannot be end-sterilized and hence carries an inherent risk of infection or disease transmission or that our quality controls can eliminate that risk.

In addition, US and foreign governmental authorities have adopted laws and regulations that restrict tissue preservation services and the avenues available to distribute processed tissues. Any of these laws or regulations could change, including becoming more restrictive, or our interpretation of them could be challenged by governmental authorities.

As an example of this risk, in January 2025, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (“CBER”) of the FDA issued two “final” guidance documents directed at the reduction of the risk of transmission of tuberculousis (Mtb) in processed human tissue (the “Guidances”), which is already exceedingly low. We believe these Guidances, if implemented as written, could significantly reduce the supply of safe implantable human tissue without simultaneously reducing the risk of Mtb transmission. Although some industry advocates and health care practitioners have expressed strong opposition to these new Guidances, and their implementation has been paused until at least May 2025, if and how they may ultimately be implemented and enforced, and how they may actually impact the availability of our donated tissue, remains to be seen and is difficult to predict.

We are significantly dependent on our revenues from BioGlue and are subject to a variety of related risks.

BioGlue is a significant source of our revenues, and as such, any risk adversely affecting our BioGlue products or business would likely be material to our financial results. We face the following risks relating to BioGlue:

•We may be unable to obtain approval to commercialize BioGlue in certain non-US countries as fast as our competitors do or at all. We also may not be able to capitalize on new BioGlue approvals, including for new indications, in non-US countries; and

•BioGlue contains a bovine blood protein. Animal-based products are subject to increased scrutiny from the public and regulators, who may seek to impose additional regulations, regulatory hurdles or product bans in certain countries on such products; BioGlue is a mature product and other companies may use the inventions disclosed in expired BioGlue patents to develop and make competing products.

As an example of this risk, our regulatory approval for BioGlue in China took significantly longer and required significant additional investment, at least in part, due to BioGlue’s animal of origin components. Although we received approval to market BioGlue in China during the third quarter of 2024, we do not expect any revenue until at least the second half of 2025.

We are significantly dependent on our revenues from aortic stent grafts and are subject to a variety of related risks.

Aortic stent grafts are a significant source of our revenues, and as such, any risk adversely affecting aortic stent grafts would likely be material to our financial results. We face risks relating to aortic stent grafts based on our ability to:

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•Develop innovative, high quality, and in-demand aortic repair products;

•Respond adequately to enhanced regulatory requirements and enforcement activities, and particularly, our ability to obtain regulatory approvals and renewals globally;

•Drive timely adoption of new products in our aortic stent graft portfolio;

•Meet demand and manage inventory for aortic stent grafts as we seek to expand our business globally; and

•Maintain a productive working relationship with our Works Council in Germany.

We are significantly dependent on our revenues from On-X products and are subject to a variety of related risks.

On-X products are a significant source of our revenues, and as such, any risk adversely affecting our On-X products or business would likely be material to our financial results. We face risks based on our ability to:

•Take further market share in the mechanical heart valve market based on the FDA’s approved lower INR indication for the On-X aortic heart valve or complete the associated FDA mandated post-approval studies;

•Address clinical trial data or changes in technology that may reduce the demand for mechanical heart valves, such as data regarding transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or “TAVR” devices;

•Keep up with increasing demand for our On-X products globally;

•Manage risks associated with less favorable contract terms for On-X products on consignment at hospitals; and

•Respond adequately to enhanced international regulatory requirements or enforcement activities.

Continued fluctuation of foreign currencies relative to the US Dollar could materially, adversely affect our business.

Most of our foreign revenues are denominated in Euros, making them sensitive to exchange rate changes. Some sales are made to customers who must convert local currencies into US Dollars or Euros. We hold balances in foreign currencies affected by exchange rates. Global inflation and currency crises could result in foreign currency controls, parallel exchange rates, or highly inflationary economies in certain countries. Fluctuations in exchange rates could materially reduce our future revenues as compared to the comparable prior periods. Should this occur, it could have a material, adverse impact on our revenues, financial condition, profitability, and cash flows.

Some of our products and technologies are subject to significant intellectual property risks and uncertainty.

We own trade secrets, patents, patent applications, and licenses relating to our technologies and trademarks and goodwill related to our products and services, which we believe provide us with important competitive advantages. We cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain our trade secrets, that our pending patent applications will issue as patents, or that no one will challenge the validity or enforceability of any intellectual property that we adopt, own, or license. Competitors may independently develop our proprietary technologies or design non-infringing alternatives to patented inventions. We do not control the maintenance, prosecution, enforcement, or strategy for in-licensed intellectual property and as such are dependent in part on the owners of these rights to maintain their viability. Their failure to do so could significantly impair our ability to exploit those technologies. Additionally, our technologies, products, or services could infringe intellectual property rights owned by others, or others could infringe our intellectual property rights.

If we become involved in intellectual property disputes, the costs could be expensive, and if we were to lose or decide to settle, the amounts or effects of the settlement or award by a tribunal could be costly.

Public health crises have, may continue to have, and could have a material, adverse impact on us.

Because of our role in the healthcare industry, we are particularly susceptible to the impact public health crises have on healthcare systems globally, including impacts on system capacity and procedure volumes, shortages in healthcare staffing, and restrictions on travel and non-critical hospital access. For example, we experienced negative impacts on our business operations and sales during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly through reductions in demand for certain products and services due to reduced procedure volumes, or through downstream financial impact from delays or difficulty collecting outstanding receivables. If other public health crises emerge in the future, we may experience similar adverse effects on our business. This impact on healthcare system capacity may also affect our R&D pipeline by lengthening timelines for R&D and clinical research projects and timelines associated with regulatory reviews for new and updated devices, as well as affecting our workforce.

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Operational Risks

We are heavily dependent on our suppliers and contract manufacturers to provide quality products.

The materials and supplies used in our product manufacturing and tissue processing are subject to regulatory requirements and oversight. If materials or supplies used in our processes fail to meet these requirements or are subject to regulatory enforcement action, they may have to be scrapped, or our products or tissues could be rejected during or after processing, recalled, or rejected by customers. In these cases, we may have to immediately scrap raw or in-process materials and expense the costs of manufacturing or preservation.

In addition, if these materials or supplies, or changes to them, do not receive regulatory approval or are recalled, if the related suppliers and/or their facilities are shut down temporarily or permanently, for any reason, or if the related suppliers are otherwise unable or unwilling to supply us, we may not have sufficient materials or supplies to manufacture our products or process tissues. In addition, we rely on contract manufacturers to manufacture some of our products or to provide additional manufacturing capacity for some products. If these contract manufacturers fail to meet our quality standards or other requirements or if they are unable or unwilling to supply the products, we may not be able to meet demand for these products. Our ability to fully recover all possible losses from these suppliers and contract manufacturers may have practical limitations imposed by factors like industry standard contractual terms or the financial resources of the adverse party.

Finally, the global supply chain is subject to disruption due to labor, geopolitical, trade and monetary issues, which may be exacerbated by ongoing instability in Ukraine and the Middle East. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors – Business and Economic Risks – We are subject to a variety of risks due to our international operations and continued global expansion.” Although we have yet to experience any material effects of this impact on our supply chain or operations, we face the potential risk that upstream disruptions may occur. Risks relating to the lingering effects of global supply chain disruptions may even continue after current conflicts have subsided.

We are dependent on single and sole-source suppliers and single facilities.

Some of the materials, supplies, and services used in our product manufacturing and tissue processing, as well as some of our products, are sourced from single- or sole-source suppliers. As a result, our ability to negotiate favorable terms with those suppliers may be limited, and if those suppliers experience operational, financial, quality, or regulatory difficulties, or if those suppliers and/or their facilities refuse to supply us or cease operations temporarily or permanently, or if those suppliers take unreasonable business positions, we could be forced to cease product manufacturing or tissue processing until the suppliers resume operations, until alternative suppliers could be identified and qualified, or permanently if the suppliers do not resume operations and no alternative suppliers could be identified and qualified. We also could be forced to purchase alternative materials, supplies, or services with unfavorable terms due to diminished bargaining power.

As an example of these risks, in 2019 we lost our supply of handpieces for cardiac laser therapy resulting from a manufacturing location change at our supplier that ultimately required a Premarket Approval (“PMA”) supplement and FDA approval before handpiece manufacturing and distribution could resume. Even though the FDA approved the PMA-S, due to supply-related factors outside of our control, we eventually abandoned the business as of June 2023 resulting in a write-off of all of our CardioGenesis cardiac laser therapy assets and a recorded expense of $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

By way of additional non-limiting examples, our BioGlue product has three main product components: bovine protein, a cross linker, and a molded plastic resin delivery device. The bovine protein and cross linker are obtained from a small number of qualified suppliers. The delivery devices are manufactured by a single supplier, using resin supplied by a different single supplier. We purchase grafts for our On-X AAP from a single supplier and various other components for our On-X valves come from single-source suppliers.

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Our preservation services business and our ability to supply needed tissues is dependent upon donation of tissues from human donors by donor families. Donated human tissue is procured from deceased human donors by organ and tissue procurement organizations (“OPOs”) and tissue banks. We must rely on the OPOs and tissue banks that we work with to educate the public on the need for donation, to foster a willingness to donate tissue, to follow our donor screening and procurement procedures, and to send donated tissue to us. We have active relationships with approximately 60 OPOs and tissue banks throughout the US. As with any vendor, we believe these relationships with our OPOs are critical in the preservation services industry and that the breadth of these existing relationships provides us with a significant advantage over potential new entrants to this market. We also use various raw materials, including medicines and solutions, in our tissue processing. Some of these raw materials are manufactured by single suppliers or by a small group of suppliers.

Our aortic stent graft systems consist of two main product components: the stent graft and the delivery system. The stent graft is manufactured from several different raw materials that are manufactured internally or at various external suppliers, including single suppliers. The delivery systems we manufacture are comprised of several different raw materials and subassemblies. Our internal manufacturing processes include machining of plastic parts, suturing of stent grafts, processing of Nitinol, and weaving of textiles. Our conventional polyester grafts consist of two main product components: polyester fabric and collagen coating. The polyester fabric is woven from a few different yarns that are supplied by an external supplier. The collagen suspension we manufacture is comprised of a collagenous tissue that is supplied by a single supplier. The conventional ePTFE grafts we manufacture are comprised of various raw materials supplied by several suppliers. For some products the ePTFE grafts are heparin coated. For these products, the heparin suspension we manufacture is comprised of a heparin solution that is also supplied by an external supplier.

We have three internal manufacturing facilities: Austin, Texas for On-X products, Hechingen, Germany for internally manufactured aortic stent grafts, and Kennesaw, Georgia for all other products and services. Certain aortic stent graft assemblies are manufactured for us by a contract manufacturer in Slovakia. The AMDS product is solely manufactured by a supplier in Charlotte, North Carolina, and the NEXUS family of products are solely manufactured by Endospan in Herzliya, Israel. If one of these suppliers or facilities ceases operations temporarily or permanently, for any reason including a pandemic, war, work stoppage, cybersecurity incident, infrastructure or equipment malfunction, or a natural disaster, our business could be substantially disrupted.

Although we work diligently to maintain adequate inventories of raw materials, components, supplies, subassemblies, and finished goods, there can be no assurance that we will be able to avoid all disruptions to our global supply chain, or disruptions to our sterilization or distribution networks. Any of these disruptions could have a material, adverse effect on our revenues, reputation, or profitability.

We are dependent on our specialized workforce.

Our business and future operating results depend in significant part upon the continued contributions of our specialized workforce, including key personnel, qualified personnel with medical device and tissue processing experience, and senior management with experience in the medical device or tissue processing space, some of whom would be difficult to replace. Our business and future operating results, including production at our manufacturing and tissue processing facilities, also depend in significant part on our ability to attract and retain qualified management, operations, processing, marketing, sales, and support personnel. Our primary facilities are in Kennesaw, Georgia; Austin, Texas; and Hechingen, Germany, where the supply of qualified medical device and tissue processing and other personnel is limited, competition for such personnel is significant, and we cannot ensure that we will be successful in attracting or retaining them. We face risks if we lose any key employees to other employers or due to severe illness, death, or retirement, if any of our key employees fail to perform adequately, or if we are unable to attract and retain skilled employees. Competition for talent and worker shortages at all levels have impacted supply chains and distribution channels and our ability to attract and retain the specialized workforce necessary for our business and operations.

We continue to evaluate expansion through acquisitions of, or licenses with, investments in, and distribution arrangements with, other companies or technologies, which may carry significant risks.

One of our growth strategies is to pursue select acquisitions, licensing, or distribution rights with companies or technologies that complement our existing products, services, and infrastructure. In connection with one or more of these transactions, we may:

•Issue additional equity securities that would dilute our stockholders’ ownership interest;

•Use cash we may need in the future to operate our business;

•Incur debt, including on terms that could be unfavorable to us or debt we might be unable to repay;

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•Structure the transaction resulting in unfavorable tax consequences, such as a stock purchase that does not permit a step-up in basis for the assets acquired;

•Be unable to realize the anticipated benefits of the transaction; or

•Assume material unknown liabilities associated with the acquired business.

Our charges resulting from acquisitions, divestitures, partnerships, and other business development activities may materially, adversely affect the market value of our common stock.

We account for the completion of acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting. Our financial results could be adversely affected by a number of financial adjustments required by purchase accounting such as:

•We may incur additional amortization expense over the estimated useful lives of some acquired intangible assets;

•We may incur additional depreciation expense as a result of recording purchased tangible assets;

•We may be required to incur material charges relating to any impairment of goodwill and intangible assets;

•Cost of sales may increase temporarily if acquired inventory is recorded at fair market value;

•If acquisition consideration consists of earnouts, our earnings may be affected by changes in estimates of future contingent consideration; or

•Earnings may be affected by transaction and integration costs, which are expensed immediately.

As an example of this risk, we fully impaired the value of our original securities purchase option agreement with Endospan (“Endospan Option”) in the fourth quarter of 2021 and fully wrote-down the value of our loan to Endospan in the second quarter of 2023, primarily driven by a decrease in forecasted operating results. Although the Endospan Option and our loan to Endospan were partially written back up to fair value in the third quarter of 2024, similar impairments, and other potential risks like those mentioned above, may adversely affect the market value of our common stock.

We may not realize all the anticipated benefits of our business development activities.

As part of our efforts to drive growth by pursuing select acquisition, license, and distribution opportunities that are aligned to our objectives and complement our existing products, services, and infrastructure or to divest non-core product lines, we have completed several transactions in recent years and may pursue similar additional transactions in the future.

Our ability to realize the anticipated business opportunities, growth prospects, cost savings, synergies, and other benefits of these and other transactions depends on a number of factors including our ability to:

•Leverage our global infrastructure to sell and cross-market the acquired products;

•Drive adoption of the NEXUS family of products and AMDS in the European and other markets, including our ability to manage the substantial product training, implant support, and proctoring requirements for NEXUS procedures;

•Bring acquired products to the US market, including our acquired aortic stent grafts;

•Harness the aortic stent graft product pipeline and our research and development capabilities;

•Obtain regulatory approvals in relevant markets, including our ability to timely obtain or maintain CE Mark product certifications for pipeline and current products;

•Execute on development and clinical trial timelines for acquired products;

•Manage global inventories, including our ability to manage inventories for product lines with large numbers of product configurations and manage manufacturing and demand cycles to avoid excess inventory obsolescence due to shelf life expiration, particularly for processed tissues and aortic stent grafts;

•Carry, service, and manage significant debt and repayment obligations; and

•Manage the unforeseen risks and uncertainties related to these transactions, including any related to intellectual property rights.

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Additionally, our ability to realize the anticipated business opportunities, growth prospects, synergies, and other benefits of our 2019 Endospan transaction depends on a number of additional factors including Endospan’s ability to: (a) comply with the Endospan Loan and other debt obligations, and avoid an event of default; (b) successfully commercialize the NEXUS family of products, raise capital and drive adoption in markets in and outside of Europe; (c) meet demand for the NEXUS family of products; (d) meet quality and regulatory requirements for the NEXUS family of products; (e) manage any intellectual property risks and uncertainties associated with the NEXUS family of products; (f) obtain FDA approval of the NEXUS family of products; (g) remain a going concern; and (h) develop the NEXUS family of products, and other product improvements to meet competitive threats and physician demand. As an example of this risk, the forecasted operating results related to NEXUS ONE decreased, resulting in an impairment to the carrying value of the Endospan Option, and a full write-down of the value of our original loan to Endospan, reflecting decreased expectations with respect to the anticipated benefits of the Endospan transaction. Similarly, our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Baxter Transaction depends on factors beyond our control, including Baxter's performance against Baxter's originally anticipated demand.

Many of these factors are outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreased revenues, and diversion of management’s time and energy. The benefits of these transactions may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame or at all. Any of these factors could negatively impact our earnings per share, decrease or delay the expected accretive effect of the transaction, and negatively impact the price of our common stock. In addition, if we fail to realize the anticipated benefits of a transaction, we could experience an interruption or loss of momentum in our existing business activities.

Significant disruptions of information technology systems or breaches of information security systems could adversely affect our business.

We rely upon a combination of information technology systems as well as traditional recordkeeping to operate our business. In the ordinary course of business, we collect, store, and transmit confidential information (including, but not limited to, information about our business, financial information, personnel data, intellectual property, and, in some instances, patient data and other personally identifiable information). Our business operations rely on critical information technology systems related to systems that power aspects of our Quality System (including our eQMS system) and our global operations (including our ERP systems).

We have experienced, and expect to continue to be subject to the risk of, cybersecurity threats and incidents. For example, we experienced a previously-disclosed cyber-attack in the fourth quarter of 2024 that temporarily disrupted our business operations, including our ERP systems, and had an impact on revenue, manufacturing, order processing, shipping, and other corporate operations (the “Cybersecurity Incident”). Our claims for reimbursement with our insurer remain outstanding and we continue to incur expenses in connection with improving our global infrastructure and cybersecurity posture, additionally, we remain subject to other risks and uncertainties as a result of the incident, including those related to scrap, inventory levels, and timely shipping releases, as well as the potential to incur additional expenses.

While we have invested, and continue to invest, in our information technology and information security systems and employee information security training, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent all security breaches, service interruptions, or data losses, particularly in light of rapid improvements in information processing technology accompanying developments in, among other areas, artificial intelligence platforms. In addition, a portion of our employees work remotely, and those employees may use outside technology and systems that are vulnerable to security breaches, service interruptions, data loss or malicious attacks, including by third parties.

We have limited cyber-insurance coverage that may not cover all possible events, or the financial expenses or losses associated with any particular event, and this insurance is subject to deductibles and coverage limitations. Any security breaches, service interruptions, or data losses could adversely affect our business operations or result in the loss of critical or sensitive confidential information or intellectual property, or in financial, legal, business, and reputational harm to us or allow third parties to gain material, inside information that they may use to trade in our securities.

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Our business could be impacted by environmental, social, and governance matters.

Governments, investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders are continuing to focus on areas of corporate responsibility, and particularly matters related to environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) factors. Stakeholders are looking to companies that demonstrate strong ESG and sustainability practices as an indicator of long-term resilience. Keeping up with and meeting these sometimes contradictory and evolving expectations can be difficult and expensive, and may disrupt our business and divert the attention of our management. We may be unable to make the investments in ESG programs that our competitors with greater financial resources are able to make or we may be challenged by governmental authorities if we choose to make such investments. Failure to meet the expectations of investors, other stakeholders, or certain governmental authorities in these areas may damage our reputation, impact employee retention, impact the willingness of our customers to do business with us, or otherwise impact our financial results and stock price.

Legal, Quality, and Regulatory Risks

Our products and tissues are highly regulated and subject to significant quality and regulatory risks.

The commercialization of medical devices and processing and distribution of human tissues are highly complex and subject to significant global quality and regulatory risks, including product recalls, and as such, we face the following risks:

•Our products and tissues allegedly have caused, and may in the future cause, patient injury, which has exposed, and could in the future expose, us to product recalls and/or liability claims that could lead to additional regulatory scrutiny;

•Our manufacturing and tissue processing operations are subject to regulatory scrutiny, inspections and enforcement actions, and regulatory agencies could require us to change or modify our operations or take other action, such as issuing product recalls or holds;

•Regulatory agencies could reclassify, re-evaluate, or suspend our clearances or approvals, or fail to, or decline to, issue or reissue our clearances or approvals that are necessary to sell our products and distribute tissues;

•Regulatory and quality requirements are subject to change, which could adversely affect our ability to sell our products or distribute tissues; and

•Adverse publicity associated with our products, processed tissues, or our industry could lead to a decreased use of our products or tissues, increased regulatory scrutiny, or product or tissue processing liability claims.

As an example of these risks, the European Union’s Medical Device Regulation (the MDR), which was to be fully implemented on May 26, 2021, places stricter requirements on manufacturers and European Notified Bodies regarding, among other things, product classifications and pre- and post-market clinical studies for product clearances and approvals. The MDR could result in product reclassifications or the imposition of other regulatory requirements that could delay, impede, or prevent our ability to commercialize existing, improved, or new products in the European Economic Area and other markets that require or rely on CE Marking as a basis for market authorization.

The transition to the MDR has been fraught with difficulties and uncertainty, including delays in audits and approvals. The European Parliament has extended the MDR transition period under Regulation (EU) 2023/607 but it is still unclear whether this extension will be able to mitigate transition challenges. As a result, we face increased risks related to:

•Our Custom Devices: Stricter requirements on manufacturers of custom-made devices may delay, impede, or otherwise impact the availability of our E-xtra Design Engineering services and custom-made products;

•Our Existing CE Marks: The extended timeline for the MDR transition has resulted in certain MDD-based CE Marks expiring prior to the completion of the transition. Our MDD-based CE Mark for BioGlue expired in December 2021, and for Chord-X in September 2022. We have since been able to successfully renew the CE Mark for BioGlue and Chord-X under the MDR;

•Our Notified Bodies: The combination of the increased regulatory framework under the MDR and the UK’s exit from the European Union have both had an impact on notified bodies. The MDR has significantly increased the workload on existing notified bodies and as a result, many have elected to leave the space, including our Notified Body in the UK, LRQA. Although we were able to transition our LRQA-issued certification for BioGlue to a new notified body, DEKRA, we are still in the process of transitioning the LRQA-issue certification for PhotoFix; and

•New CE Marks: The increased workload on notified bodies and other uncertainties around the transition to the MDR will likely cause delays in the approval for any new products that we may wish to bring to the EU market.

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While we continue to make progress on the MDR transition, the transition to new notified bodies, and the renewal of expired CE Marks, failure to timely complete any transfers or renewals, or to comply with transition to a newly designated UK Approved Body, or further delays in the MDR transition as a whole, may have a material, adverse effect on our ability to supply product in certain jurisdictions, have a material, adverse impact on our business, and may also impact our Medical Device Single Audit Program (“MDSAP”) certifications. Failure to timely obtain new MDSAP certifications following their expiration may impact our ability to distribute covered products in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and Japan.

Reclassification by the FDA of CryoValve SG pulmonary heart valve (“CryoValve SGPV”) may make it commercially infeasible to continue processing the CryoValve SGPV.

AORT US Equity

AORT · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1. Business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

AORT US Equity☆

AORT · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1. Business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

AORT US Equity